جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "عناصر غذایی" در نشریات گروه "منابع طبیعی"

Shrubs with diverse ecological functions cover a large area of arid and semi-arid lands. Evaluation of changes in soil properties in shrublands can be effective in understanding the ecological relationships of these biomes and their nutritional status for land management. In this research, the spatial changes of soil fertility characteristics based on patch structure and open spaces between patches were studied in pure shrubs including Artemisia sieberi, Scariola orientalis and Astragalus myriacanthus types located in the ari lands of the central plateau of Iran. The evaluation of soil yield characteristics and soil quality was investigated by selecting the reference open space between the patches and recording the morphological characteristics of the patches to study the relationship between them. The results showed that the properties of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and soil quality index (SQI) had the most significant changes between the type of shrubland and in the space between patches in each type (P<0.01). The highest value of the soil quality index was related to the under canopy in A. myriacanthus type and was equal to 0.87, and the lowest value was related to the central point of the open space in A. sieberi type and was equal to 0.22. The functional characteristics of plants such as biomass, height and canopy showed the highest correlation with the spatial distribution of elements and soil fertility factors in the open space areas (P<0.05).

In the arid and semi-arid lands of Iran, due to calcareousness, lack of nutrients that can be absorbed by plants, unsuitable physical conditions of the soil, and the salinity of the soil, it is very important to pay attention to organic fertilizers and soil microorganisms to improve these lands. This experiment was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of compost obtained from the contents of sheep rumen and humic acid on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil and the performance of the turnip plant in saline, sodic, and calcareous soil with a clay texture.

This study was conducted in clay-textured soil from the Meianjolgae of the Neyshabur plain (Shahrabad village), with a saline soil (ECe: 9.1 dS m-1) and 15% lime. In this study, two levels of compost with rumen contents of zero and 5 tons per hectare (S0: 0 ton/ha and S1: 5 ton/ha) and two levels of humic acid of zero and 5 mg/kg (H0: 0 mg/kg and H1: 5 mg/kg) were used. To prepare rumen compost, 200 kg of fresh rumen contents were mixed with 10% wheat straw and processed according to standard composting methods. The experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement. The experiment was conducted in field conditions in one-square-meter plots with a border distance of half a meter. The experimental treatments were randomly added to the experimental plots and were completely mixed with the soil to a depth of 30 cm. 10 white turnip plants were planted in each plot and kept in the field for 3 months.Irrigation was done every 15 days and the plant was kept in the field for 4 months.

The results showed that the experimental treatments (rumen compost and humic acid) had a significant effect on improving the physical parameters of the soil, including increasing the weighted average diameter of the soil grains in wet (MWDwet) and dry (MWDdry) conditions, respectively (83 and 44 percent). 62% increase in the stability of soil grains (AS). They had a 46% reduction in soil dispersible clay (DC). The simple effect of humic acid did not have a significant effect on soil moisture retention capacity, but the simple effect of rumen compost increased the soil moisture retention capacity by 33% in the case of field crop capacity (FC). The effect of experimental treatments on rumen compost and humic acid improved soil biological parameters. The interaction effect of rumen compost and humic acid increased microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) respectively (43% and 77%) and increased soil microbial respiration (BR) by 75%. Rumen compost and humic acid had a positive and significant effect on improving soil chemical parameters. Rumen compost and humic acid decreased the pH of the soil and increased the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients in the soil. The use of rumen compost and humic acid increased the yield of turnip plants. The simultaneous application of rumen contents compost and humic acid had the greatest effect on increasing turnip yield (22%) compared to the control.

According to the obtained results, rumen compost and humic acid improved the physical and biological properties of the soil, followed by an increase in the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients in the soil, and finally increased the yield of the turnip plant. Due to the nature of rumen compost, because it has a relatively acidic pH, the presence of beneficial microorganisms that increase the availability of soil nutrients, and fibrous fibers that maintain soil moisture, improve adverse soil conditions, and increase plant performance. It became a turnip. Humic acid is an aromatic compound that plays a good role in chelating soil nutrients. It seems that combining humic acid with rumen compost increases the effectiveness of rumen compost in improving soil conditions. And rumen compost preserves humic acid from leaching.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of vegetative rootstocks and nutrient content on some of the most important flavonoid compounds in leaf samples of Bastam genotype (BA) and Bekran (BE) cultivar and compare them with the Red Delicious cultivar flavonoids. The experiment was conducted in a factorial way of randomized complete blocks over two years. Sampling of three-year-old trees grafted on M9 and B9 rootstocks and Bekran genotype colony rootstock was done and then the amounts of nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium and some of the most important flavonoids including Quercetin, Kaempferol, Rutin and Luteolin in Leaf samples were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results of this study showed that during two consecutive years, the amount of flavonoid compounds Quercetin, Quercetin 3-ramenoside, Luteolin, and Kaemferol were affected by rootstock and scion and their interaction. Step-by-step regression analysis showed that the amount of each element had a significant specific effect on the biosynthesis of flavonoid compounds. The total amount of flavonoid compounds in leaf samples of cultivars and genotypes grafted on M9 and Bekran colonies rootstocks increased in the second year. Also, with increasing plant age and root development, increased. The total amount of flavonoid compounds in leaf samples of cultivars and genotypes. The results of this research showed that the inherent differences between cultivars determine the amount of synthesis of secondary metabolites, but the amount of these compounds can be increased by using rootstocks that have obvious differences in vigor or are more efficient in absorbing and transporting nutrients.

The ‌application ‌of ‌organic ‌fertilizers ‌in ‌agriculture, ‌especially ‌in ‌soils ‌with ‌poor ‌nutrients, ‌compared ‌to ‌the ‌use ‌of ‌chemical ‌and ‌mineral ‌fertilizers ‌has ‌positive ‌effects ‌on ‌plant ‌growth ‌and ‌yield. ‌The ‌present ‌study ‌was ‌conducted ‌to ‌investigate ‌the ‌effect ‌of ‌the ‌application ‌of ‌vinasse ‌obtained ‌from ‌sugarcane ‌waste ‌on ‌nutrient ‌uptake, ‌growth ‌properties ‌and ‌yield ‌of ‌basil ‌which ‌was ‌carried ‌out ‌in ‌the ‌research ‌greenhouse ‌of ‌Lorestan ‌University ‌in ‌2018. ‌Treatments ‌included ‌five ‌levels ‌of ‌vinasse ‌application: ‌0, ‌0.19, ‌0.38, ‌0.57 ‌and ‌0.76 ‌(w.w) ‌in ‌soil. ‌The ‌results ‌showed ‌that ‌with ‌increasing ‌vinas ‌application, ‌the ‌concentration ‌of ‌nutrients ‌in ‌the ‌plant ‌enhanced. ‌As ‌the ‌vinasse ‌application ‌of ‌0.76 ‌(w.w), ‌the ‌concentration ‌of ‌nitrogen, ‌phosphorus ‌and ‌potassium ‌in ‌the ‌shoot ‌was ‌1.16, ‌1.25 ‌and ‌1.28 ‌folds ‌and ‌in ‌the ‌root ‌1.34, ‌1.30 ‌and ‌1.49 ‌folds ‌more ‌than ‌control, ‌respectively. ‌The ‌highest plant ‌height, ‌root ‌length, ‌leaf ‌area, ‌number ‌of ‌leaves, ‌and ‌leaf ‌chlorophyll ‌index ‌were ‌also ‌observed ‌in ‌0.76 ‌(w.w), ‌which ‌were ‌2.6, ‌2.8, ‌1.8, ‌3 ‌and ‌2.5 ‌folds ‌higher ‌than ‌control, ‌respectively. ‌The ‌dry ‌matter ‌yield ‌of ‌shoot ‌and ‌root ‌in ‌0.76 ‌(w.w) ‌also ‌increased ‌20 ‌and ‌25 ‌folds ‌compared ‌to ‌the ‌control, ‌respectively, ‌while ‌these ‌values ‌for ‌fresh ‌weight ‌of ‌shoot ‌and ‌root ‌were ‌5.2 ‌and ‌4.7 ‌folds, ‌respectively. ‌According ‌to ‌the ‌findings ‌of ‌the ‌present ‌study, ‌vinasse ‌can ‌be ‌recommended ‌as ‌an ‌alternative ‌to ‌chemical ‌fertilizers in production of ‌plants ‌such ‌as ‌basil ‌with ‌proper ‌management.

A factorial completely randomized design with two factors including effective microorganisms (EM) at 0, 1% and salinity (at 0.7, 5, 10 and 13.6 dS/m) was conducted in three replication on one year old seedling of pistachio to study the effect of EM on the physiological and biochemical characteristics and nutrient uptake in UCB1 pistachio under salinity stress. Pistachio seedlings have been studied three months after salinity application. The results showed that increasing salinity decreased leaf relative water content, chlorophyll a and b and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium content of leaf; it but increased proline, soluble sugars and sodium and chlorine content compared to the control treatment. Results of EM application showed that 1% concentration of this fertilizer increased resistance of UCB1 to salinity stress. Also, the interaction effects of salinity and EM on the relative content of leaf water, proline, chlorophyll b, soluble sugar and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and leaf chlorine were significant. The maximum relative content of water in leaf (87/13%), chlorophyll a (5/83mg/g.FW), chlorophyll b (2/93mg/g.FW), nitrogen (3/21%), phosphorus (0/25%), potassium (2/69%) and minimum content of sodium (7/90%) and chlorine (12/73%) was abserved in treatment with 1% EM and salinity 0/7 dS/m. Based on the results of this study, application Effective microorganism can reduce the damages of salinity stress.

In order to determine the effects of the foliar applicationof ureaand micro elements during growth periods of maternal plants on germination, vigor and greening of produced chickpea seeds (Kabuli), an experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and three replications at the Agricultural Faculty Research Station, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad during 2013-2014. The treatments consisted of foliar applicationat six levels: control (foliar application with water); foliar applicationof urea (2 %); foliar applicationof urea + (2%)  Zinc (2 per thousand); foliar applicationof urea (2%) + Iron sulfate (3 per thousand); foliar applicationof urea (2%) + Zinc (2 per thousand) and iron (3 per thousand); foliar applicationwith urea+ complete fertilizer (3 per thousand micro-elements containing 500 ppm) and foliar applicationwith two levels, sprayed once at the beginning of flowering and sprayed twice namely, one at the beginning of flowering and one at seeding stage that include 12 treatments in total. The result showed that foliar application was not significant on germination percentage and maximum speed of germination using two times  foliar application of urea + Zinc+ iron and foliar applicationwith urea+ complete fertilizer in flowering and seeding time treatments, respectively. Two times offoliar application using urea + zinc + iron had the highest impact on the vigor index.

In order to study of salinity effects on seed germination and seedling growth of milk thistle and thistle, an experiment was carried out. Experiment was factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments included seeds of wild species milk thistle and thistle and five salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl). Results showed that salinity leads to decrease in germination percentage, germination rate and increase in mean germination time that these changes were more in thistle compared to milk thistle. Seedling growth indices (length and fresh and dry weight of cotyledon and hypocotyl) were also affected by salinity. Most traits of thistle were not affected by salinity (50 mM) in comparison with milk thistle, whereas these changes were higher in levels of salinity and this result indicated more relative tolerance to salinity in thistle. However, salinity caused to decline primary and secondary vigor and seed reserve use efficiency, but seed reserve using rate decreased under stress condition. The amount of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ in radicle increased in low levels of salinity and decreased by enhancing of stress intensity.

This study was carried out as completely randomized block in order to study influence of fourpoplar clone plantation on availability of some soil nutrients in Safrabasteh (Astaneh, Guilan Province). Four poplar clones as: 1.Populus euruamerican 214 2.Populus euruamerican 45/51 3.Populus deltoeides77/51 4.Populus deltoeides69/55 were selected in Safrabasteh Poplar Research Station. pH, O.M, N, P, K, Ca and Mg in rhizosphere soil were determined. Results show that difference between clones are significant on soil nutrients except N and Ca. Means comparison show that the Populus euruamerican 45/51 had greater effects on the soil parameters. Comparison the growth characteristics the minimum diameter and height of 15 cm and 12.9 m respectively, with p.e45.51 is dedicated to clone which may indicate less use of plant nutrients to the soil is mostly or returned.