جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « adaptive reuse » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

Controlling the contaminants caused by the building industry has been one of the most significant concerns of the last decade. Like any other product, the making of a building takes raw materials and renewable and non-renewable energy, with the growth in development appearing to be inevitable particularly in the developing countries. The present research aims to determine the factors affecting the adaptive reuse of abandoned buildings, and compare the environmental impacts of reusing buildings with those of new constructions. Not every building is unreservedly suitable for reuse, though, and hence the necessity of decision tools to evaluate each building’s potential for reuse. For this purpose, the key criteria for the adaptive reuse of abandoned buildings were recognised and classified into seven categories. This was done through interviewing experts and library studies in the fields of energy and sustainability. The findings were then put into a questionnaire given to 110 experts, for them to evaluate the effectiveness any of these factors. The results were then analysed and the weight of decision criteria was determined using AHP method. According to the results, the affecting criteria were ranked as follows: environmental factors, architecture and urbanism, social, economic, physical, functional, and technology. In the end, the environmental factor was recognised as the most effective in the adaptive reuse of abandoned buildings, to decide whether to reuse or demolish a building.

Change of use of historic buildings is a complex and multifaceted process that must take into account factors such as the preservation and clarification of the values of the historic building, as well as the needs, social and cultural expectations, and other intervening dimensions. Considering that the role of a new building's function in establishing successful adaptive reuse lies in achieving alignment between the building's capacities and the new needs and expectations, it becomes essential to recognize and analyze dimensions that can facilitate the realization of sustainable compatibility in new conditions and contribute to the increased lifespan of the building's functionality post-changes. Furthermore, the mechanism for achieving this alignment requires identification. In order to establish a dynamic link between these factors and ultimately lead to compatibility, there are a number of indicators that need to be refined and collected. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to achieve a comprehensive framework that, while addressing all aspects and areas of influence of the subject, takes a process-oriented approach to the issue of reuse, establishes the evaluation process and related indicators in its precise stage, and through determining the causal relationships and the degree of importance of different indicators, explains the retrospective and largely intangible processes of this matter. Therefore, the main research questions in this study, based on the aforementioned objectives, are as follows: 1.What are the key factors and indicators in achieving compatibility in function changes in adaptive reuse of buildings? 2.Which indicators are causal and which ones are affected? 3.Among all the indicators, which ones are of the highest importance, and how do they influence each other? The present research is of a practical type, in which a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods has been used. Initially, the main criteria and 45 indicators of change of use were extracted through a review of the literature and theoretical texts, and were collected through directed content analysis by using logical reasoning. The quantitative analysis of the indicators was performed through a combination of Fuzzy DEMATEL, Interpretive Structural Analysis, and MICMAC analysis. Finally, by borrowing from the conceptual model obtained from theoretical foundations and integrating it with the results of the analytical methods used, the final "Conceptual model" was explained and presented, which shows the role, position, and relationship between different indicators in achieving compatibility. It is worth mentioning that among these indicators, "preservation and strengthening of intangible values (evoking a sense of identity, cultural status, and reference to experiences, events, and memories)" has the highest degree of susceptibility and interaction with other indicators. The indicator of "technical preservation requirements (reversibility and minimum interventions)" has also been identified as the strongest cause among the indicators with causal nature and at the first level of importance. In summary, this research attempts to develop a comprehensive framework for building reuse compatibility evaluation that encompasses all relevant aspects and dimensions. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexities involved in repurposing historic buildings and provides insights for practitioners and stakeholders in the field.

Shifting the museum-like perspective on historical buildings towards their adaptive reuse that plays a role in the urban fabric contributes to their preservation and longevity. The study and analysis of global experiences in redefining the use of historical structures and equipping them for new functions are rich with insights. This research aims to examine the approach to the physicality of old buildings and the new activities of structures repurposed as churches. It seeks to extract the strategies and actions taken by studying and analyzing case studies. Thus, by reviewing global experiences in intervening in religious historical buildings, it acquires modern procedures for dealing with valuable historical edifices and presents new horizons in addressing these structures. This paper employs a descriptive-analytical method and gathers data related to eight case studies through library research and credible scientific documents, then analyzes and compares them with logical reasoning. The case studies located in various countries have been examined based on their physical and functional characteristics, new additions, and materials used. In selecting the cases, it seeks to provide a diverse range in size and the extent of intervention. The research findings indicate that considering the multiple religious, cultural, social, and economic values of churches, adopting a collaborative approach involving investors, stakeholders, local people, and experts is influential in the success of these projects. In the discussion of new additions, while maintaining the principle of distinguishing between old and new materials, the creative use of new materials and elements can aid in preserving the authenticity and integrity of the work. Paying attention to today’s needs and updating the building’s physical and functional aspects while considering their capabilities and hidden and apparent values ensures their continued existence.

Using and repurposing old buildings can help protect our culture and community identity and bring life back to these areas by attracting tourists and boosting the local economy. This study aims to explain how old industrial sites can be used for cultural purposes while considering the environment. The research method is practical in terms of purpose and focuses on describing and analyzing information. First, previous studies were reviewed to understand more about the subject. Based on this, a plan was created and the main things the research would be looking at were explained. During the survey phase, experts analyzed the questionnaire using the Smart pls software and the structural equation method to ensure the importance of relationships and prioritize factors and indicators. Next, the hierarchical analysis method of AHP was used to measure how each aspect of environmental sustainability affected the change in the use of industrial buildings. The findings indicate that when historical industrial buildings are modified, the focus is mainly on the economic aspect and less on the environment. This problem can happen because of the noticeable impacts of economic and social factors in the short term. It can cause a greater emphasis on buildings without considering their surroundings and less focus on preserving and restoring the landscape in the industrial heritage complex. According to the findings, it is important to consider the economic, social, and environmental factors together to keep a good balance and achieve long-lasting environmental progress when reusing old factories and buildings. Basically, turning old industrial buildings into cultural complexes helps keep the history alive and boosts nearby communities’ cultural and economic well-being.

Reuse of heritage buildings is the best strategy to preserve the building. The lack of attention to industrial heritage buildings compared to other heritage buildings has caused their destruction, while due to its huge scale, it can be used appropriately. In addition, these buildings usually do not provide daylight standards for health and productivity. The main goal is to analyze the current state of the daylight and find solutions to reduce glare and optimal use of daylight instead of artificial light.

The case study is the research on the building of the old steam boiler in the Ghaemshahr textile factory complex in Mazandaran province. Building modeling is done with Rhino and Grasshopper, and daylight is simulated in Honeybee and Ladybug plugins based on Radiance. The design parameters of the shading system for horizontal and vertical louvres have been examined in order of the width of the blades, the distance between them and the angle, and the width has been considered for the frame. These parameters are examined by manual optimization method. With scrutinizing and validation, it leads to a better selection of shading system for better productivity.

With the aid of shading systems, it is possible to reduce glare and have enough daylight in the space. Among the shadings, the vertical louvre reports the greatest effect in reducing glare.

The result is presented as a design guideline for industrial heritage buildings in a humid subtropical climate so that the building can be reused with minimal intervention.

There is a strong argument among conservation architects that the concept of heritage itself means using the past for present and future needs. Hence, the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings has become one of the most important goals of conservation. Reuse planning requires solving complex problems and deciding how to preserve valuable tangible and intangible features while meeting the current needs of society. To solve these problems, researchers have chosen several methods to reuse architectural heritage. However, in Iran, especially by government agencies in charge of protection, these methods have not been well studied and introduced. Therefore, the present study has investigated the multi-criteria decision-making method to find the most appropriate function in the reuse process by studying the case of Nima Yooshij's house in Tehran. The research method is qualitative when reviewing the literature of the subject and studying the case, which has been done through interviews with experts and library and field studies. A quantitative approach was adopted using questionnaires and Expert Choice software for evaluation of the proposed criteria and alternatives. This research indicates that the conservation of heritage values and increase the lifespan and durability are the most important criteria that should be considered when choosing a new function for Nima Yooshij’s house. Also, according to the evaluations, it was determined that the most suitable use for this building is house-museum. Also, the results show that using this heritage building as a house-museum leads to the fulfillment of economic and environmental criteria to the least extent. According to the case study, this research indicates that multi-criteria decision-making method can help conservation architects as an optimal tool in adaptive reuse of heritage buildings. Based on the opinions of experts, "Nima Gallery Cafe", "Nima Book House" and "Nima House Museum" have been introduced as three proposed alternatives for reusing this house. Regarding a multi-criteria decision-making method based on cultural, architectural, social, economic, and environmental factors, the "Gallery-Cafe," the "Book House," and the "House Museum" scored 6.10, 6.66, and 7.38 of 10, respectively. As a result, among the proposed options, "Nima House Museum" is the most suitable use for this heritage house. According to the analysis of questionnaires regarding the cultural and architectural criteria, this new purpose will preserve its authenticity and is the most compatible option with Nima Yoshij's house with the least intervention measures. In addition, the use of the museum house is more suitable in terms of "social criteria" due to providing services to the community, helping to participate and raising awareness, and increasing the level of interaction between different segments of society compared to two other alternatives. However, the results show that the use of the museum house is less effective in terms of economic and environmental criteria. Eventually, based on the evaluations, this option will keep tangible and intangible heritage alive and indicate contemporary ideas and approaches to adaptive reuse. This house will narrate Nima's life in Tehran, his literary identity, and the socio-artistic activities of his lovers from the past to the future.

In a world where change is both permanent and inevitable, it is very important to adapt heritage buildings to today’s functions within the context of conservation methods in order to ensure their continuity. Buildings that are considered to be part of cultural heritage often undergo functional and physical changes over time with regards to their status and appearance. In case these buildings become unable to meet their original use over time, or in cases their relevant function becomes inappropriate in the current situation, it becomes necessary to make spatial changes within their structure. Towards revitalizing and generating sustainable values of these buildings, many heritage buildings of cultural and historic significance are being adapted and reused rather than being demolished. To ensure the conservation of cultural properties, cultural heritages, and their historical, cultural, and aesthetic values, as well as to ensure the continuity of the cultural link between the past and the future, it is important to consider their potential new uses and functions. Today, the adaptive reuse is considered as one of the main strategies for conserving architectural heritage in theoretical and practical discussions of conservation. This process generally refers to conservation of heritage buildings without transforming them for new uses and more appropriate functions, while keeping their original structure, character, and identity for future generations. Adaptive reuse is an important aspect of preservation and conservation, and involves the reintegration of a historical structure into daily life through a new function. Using buildings outside of their original intended purpose, and benefiting from these buildings by providing them with new functions through which they can service society, contributes to the interaction between individuals, the buildings and society. Adaptive reuse can provide the added benefit of regenerating an area in a sustainable manner. However, it is also necessary to find the proper balance between the preservation of a cultural property and the change of its functions. There is always a need for learning from past experiences, evaluating the mistakes and successes after adaptation and reuse; and due to the significance of a comprehensive view and an integrated approach in assessing reuse projects, it is necessary to identify comprehensive indices with relative weight and importance. Hence, with a mixed methodological approach, this paper tries to achieve a full understanding of adaptive reuse indices by reviewing literature review and international documents in this field and then provides the evaluation model for adaptive reuse of heritage houses in Tehran. Therefore, 19 indicators derived from adaptive reuse are divided by F’ANP to the forming dimensions and then their relative significance is determined through the network analysis process. The results of this study demonstrate that 4 criteria of "enhancing economic structure", "socio-cultural development", "physical sustainability", and "environmental considerations" have had the greatest impact on adaptive reuse of Tehran heritage buildings and the regional characteristics index is of the highest significance in assessment. Following these indices, the environmental considerations, physical potential for functional change, creating employment opportunities, conservation measures, tourism development, and cultural preservation are the subsequent priorities.

Media has always been a platform for activities related to the human intellect. It has become an integral part of human life in various forms and contexts by the supporting role of technology. On the other hand, many thinkers and theorists have introduced architecture as a physical media that can be perceived and analyzed at different theoretical levels. Despite these interpretations that recognize buildings with intrinsic mediating factors, a clear theoretical framework of such relationships and the interaction between architecture and media has not yet been identified. This study seeks to answer two main questions: what indicators affect the procedure in which architecture turns into a media? And, how can a model of the affecting factors and categories be identified to explain the connection between architecture and media clearly? Therefore, this study aims to identify and prioritize the effective factors for mediating the quality of architecture. Finally, it tries to present a model for recognizing architecture as media based on a case study, the historical building of the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism at Tabriz Islamic Art University, as an example of adaptive reuse in historic buildings.

This research is fundamental-experimental in terms of purpose, and descriptive survey in terms of entity and method, using a case study. According to the related literature, 12 faculty members of the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism at Tabriz Islamic Art University constituted the Delphi panel of experts. All the panel members were among the recognized experts in specific fields of architecture. In the first round of Delphi, indicators and brainstorming were conceptualized through semi-structured interviews with panel members in person and virtually. After analyzing the content of the interviews, by combining the factors obtained from the literature and the achieved indicators from experts’ opinions, 34 indicators effective in improving the mediating quality of architecture were extracted in four categories. In the second round of Delphi, the validity and reliability of the research tools were approved by the faculty members and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Then, the experts scored the factors in close-ended questionnaires and 5-point Likert scale, and the data were analyzed using TOPSIS technique. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was used to assess the consensus among the experts, and the prioritized factors were also introduced along with the descriptive statistics components such as the average indices presented in tables and plots. Finally, by comparing the results of the TOPSIS technique with the results extracted from the descriptive statistics, the accuracy of the results and their validity were ensured.

The ratings and findings obtained from the average index differed slightly from the results extracted from the TOPSIS technique. The reason can be stated in the higher accuracy of this technique in prioritizing and presenting rankings and closeness indeces of each factor in the research. The factors of “Indicator of the art of technology and crafting in time” with the closeness index of 0.610652, “Reflector of the culture of people in the society” with the closeness index of 0.579874, “Creator of new sensory perceptions” with the closeness index of 0.561471, “Being a benchmark in the city context” with the closeness index of 0.560705, and “Represents the evolution of history” with the closeness index of 0.558936 were among the highest priorities in the factors affecting the mediating quality in architecture. Also, the factors of “A communicator” with the closeness index of 0.436028, and “The presence of a power in creating the message” with the closeness index of 0.457395 were recognized as the minor priorities. By calculating the averages of closeness indeces in each category, the most effective categories in improving the mediating quality in architecture are “Factors relating to the application of media”, “Factors relating to the impacts of media”, “Factors relating to the message”, and “Factors relating to the intrinsic characteristics of media”, that were introduced with the mean averages of 0.544508, 0.503928, 0.495541 and 0.491413, respectively.

The final model of architecture as a media and factors affecting the enhancement of mediating quality were presented as the research conclusion. Hence, if architecture is not considered a  physical media and does not have a mediating role, it can no longer be called architecture and will no longer differentiate its nature from a structure. Architecture continuously transmits its character, ideas, thoughts, mindsets, approaches, history, time, and specifically its message to the future and performs as a meta-media concept. Also, the body and audience of architecture change its media nature, and its mediating quality causes various spatial reproductions in the minds of the people and a wide range of users.

In recent years, the increase in the number of construction projects in cities has led to an increase in the demolition of buildings that still have a useful life. Early demolition causes various damages in all dimensions and as a result reduces stability, especially in developing countries. The present study has tried to explain the modernization and adaptation of a system based on sustainable architecture in the Karaj Iron Foundry.

This research is a qualitative type with an inductive strategy that uses documentary studies and field collection in data collection and uses coding methods to reduce and analyze data. The potential of the Karaj Melting iron factory has been determined based on the ARP method. In the last step, the Shannon coefficient is used to verify the results for each dimension.

According to the results, the highest Shannon coefficient is related to rules, regulations, and the lowest is related to decorations. The contemporization of an industrial space is something that will occur in the context of its design. But this emphasis is caused by placing collective and human spaces in the background of industrial spaces.

The visitor should draw a clear and appropriate picture of the site in the past. Finally, this study has provided solutions to improve the current situation of construction and prevent the demolition of buildings that have a useful life in the Karaj Iron Foundry, which has considered maintenance, adaptation, and modernization as an important cause of these demolitions.

Some heritage buildings lose their original function over time for a variety of reasons and thus require a change of use in order to survive. Nowadays, because of its benefits to buildings and society, adaptive reuse of heritage buildings is considered a sustainable strategy for preserving their values. This strategy can also make heritage buildings accessible and usable and improve their surrounding areas both directly, through the impact of the project on the environmental quality, and indirectly, through acting as a catalyst for urban development. However, the flexibility of adaptive reuse approaches necessitates the identification of criteria that, while preserving the values ​​and cultural status of heritage buildings, can meet contemporary demands through introducing new uses. This study aims to develop a conceptual framework for adaptive reuse of heritage buildings in order to identify and define adaptive reuse criteria. Therefore, first, the evolution of adaptive reuse theories and policies is examined. Then, the existing international documents in this field (starting from the 1970s) are reviewed and classified. Finally, expert views on adaptive reuse are analyzed. In total, nineteen criteria for reaching the maximum potential of heritage sites are identified using the interpretive-qualitative approach, logical argumentation strategy, and content analysis technique. An integrated assessment of all these criteria could help promote the sustainability of built environments and bring extensive economic, social, cultural, physical, and environmental benefits, meeting both preservation and sustainability goals.

Although reusing buildings has always been considered throughout the history of architecture, this concept was raised as one the most effective methods of conversation and achieving sustainable development since the 1960s. While preserving the cultural heritages, subsequently, the history and identity of the society, this approach provides a ground for meeting people's daily needs. Also, using this approach leads to preserving the buildings for the next generations while keeping them away from being abandoned and useless. Despite the numerous experiences in this regard, many adaptive reuse projects do not achieve the success desired by designers because the building capacity to accept the new function or the functional needs of its surrounding environment is not given enough attention. Therefore, the current paper sought to present a proper method for decision-making by considering the influential components in this process. This study applied a mixed approach, the logical reasoning strategy, and content analysis in the qualitative part, based on the library resources and relevant international conventions, re-reading and analyzing the influential factors and criteria in the adaptive reuse approach. Thus, it prioritized the influential criteria in the adaptive reuse process to assign the educational land use to the building using the experts' and specialists' opinions, the Multi-Criteria Decision Making method (MCDM), and Super Decision Software. In this regard, based on the survey of experts, three historical monuments, including Darolfunun School, Etehadieh Historical House, and Negarestan Museum Garden, were selected as the proposed options for the School of Conservation and Restoration to be assessed and ranked based on the stated criteria. Finally, after assessing the final scores and presenting the most appropriate building to meet the considered functional need, the weaknesses and strengths of the selected option were investigated in the reuse process. The current study attempted to study another way of the reuse approach by raising the proper space to assign to the considered function through which the feasibility and capacity assessment of several valuable historical and cultural monuments to assign the considered land use was done based on the extracted criteria. The significance of these criteria was also considered based on the required uses (educational use).

Conservation and development are the significant challenges in the field of cultural heritage which exist in every conservation practice on any scales, including interior architecture. In this regard, the main challenge is that how much the interior architect has the right to interfere with the components of the interior in the process of reuse of the heritage. This article is intended to provide a functional answer to the concept of managing the change in the process of interior architecture redesign. Then the concept of value is studied. Because it is in fact the value which specifies what kind and amount of changes can be made to the interior architecture in the building and what changes should not be made. This reveals that the task of the interior architect, after determining the extent and modifications of the interior architecture based on the values of the building, is to manage the changes to maintain and enhance the meaning of building. To achieve this goal, the qualitative research method is selected. In the first step, with the strategy of logical argumentation and content analysis technique, the main documents and theories are analyzed in the subject of value; in the second step, a theoretical framework for recognizing the values of a building on the scale of interior architecture is suggested that has the potential to be used in the evaluation of the redesigns.Accordingly, the values of a building in eight types are "Age", "symbolic", "narrative", "spiritual-religious", "Aesthetic", "spatial characteristics", "activity - Use," " Evidential" and space The interior architecture was described in three categories of "fixed-Feature Space", "Semi-fixed Feature Space " and "Informal Space". The purpose of this theoretical framework was to provide the values and spaces of interior architecture with the shortest path to the design language, and, as far as possible, the path to various interpretations. In addition to helping the design team to recognize values, this provides a framework for evaluating changes in user experience in terms of success rate in maintaining and improving the values of the building on the scale of interior architecture. On this basis, we can evaluate the approach to them in terms of the weight of each of the values. In the following, the proposed framework was evaluated in a case study in the Garden of the Qasr Prison Museum by qualitative method.The evaluation of the case study of this paper showed that with the help of this theoretical framework it is possible to take into account all the values of the work and to reveal how much they have been considered and promoted to each other. On the other hand, it is possible to examine all the spatial capacities of the manifestation of values. The study also revealed that the focus on Informal Space, including human activities and relationships, as part of the interior architecture of the project, has remained largely neglected. The application of this theoretical framework will assist in the process of regeneration of the interior architecture of the reuse of valuable monuments.

After a period of decline and decay, the historic centre of Kashan has recently experienced new developments. Dilapidated, abandoned old houses have started attracting private investors’ attention, and a wave of their purchase and restoration is started. Most of these restored buildings were transformed into ‘traditional’ hotels (boutique hotels) or other tourism-related facilities. The present research intends to investigate the effects of new investments and adaptive reuse on the historic centre of Kashan from the perspective of local communities. The old Posht-e Emarat neighbourhood was selected as the study case. The required data were collected through interviewing local residents and tradespeople as well as other visiting citizens of Kashan. The findings showed that investors’ actions have had tangible physical-environmental, socio-cultural, functional and economic results, and that local communities generally have a positive view about changes, and are satisfied with them. However, there are concerns about problems such as vehicular traffic and parking, a loss of local services, and the weakening residential aspect of the neighbourhood. Actions need to be taken, therefore, by the authorities and with investors’ and local residents’ participation, to prevent Posht-e Emarat from turning into a merely tourist destination.

It's vital to recognize the industrial heritage as a part of the urban design process and the conservation of architectural heritage. This is not just about indicative factories, but include all the structures and elements that somehow relate to industrial activities. A place is a part of a culture that, over time has given certain meanings to that space. It is undeniable that, in the overall structure of the city, the conservation of industrial heritage is one of the most important aspects of preserving the cultural identity of that city, which can enhance the cultural identity of the community. Adaptive reuse is the most common and sustainable strategy for preserving and developing the industrial heritage, providing the platform for conservation of urban identity and enhancing a sense of place. This study investigates related documents and theories to the use of logical reasoning strategy and content analysis and analyze Tabriz Salambur Factory and Igualada Factory in Spain as case studies in comparative method. The findings of this study show that reusing of Igualada not only protecting the industrial value of construction but also keeping its heritage. Something that not accrued for Salambur factory as a result of not paying attention to inherit value of construction and adapt proper usage. Moreover, it causes fading out the role of this construction in the way of continuous urban heritage.

The process of change and development in today’s societies has affected buildings too, in a way that their wear and deterioration is inevitable. Eventually, they may be deserted and no longer be suitable to serve their primary purpose, or due to lack of demand for their services, they may be made redundant. Under such circumstances, naturally, their initial usage does not fulfill the current requirements. Therefore, the possibility of upgrading and reusing as well as creating a different usage in order to adapt a building to the new conditions and needs may be assessed. Today’s societies face the problem of dealing with the deserted buildings that they have inherited. Meanwhile, revival through creation of a new function and adaptive reuse of such buildings give a new life to the building, instead of restoration and various types of maintenance for instance in a museum. This also returns it to the urban life cycle, which is one of the ideal available alternatives to the today’s societies. Buildings and the industrial heritage that are left in the heart of urban centers, are results of the deindustrialization in urban settings in the country over the recent years. The heritage of the past industry, by protecting such areas as a symbol of the history of modernism in Iran, is known as “industrial heritage”. The industrial heritage links the contemporary age to the past and reinforces the spirit of the place. This place can be considered as a space where collective memories are revived and preserved. Some of the issues discussed in relation to the industrial heritage are: physical recovery and changing the functional structure, adapting the industrial heritage to the needs and requirements of today’s society, and an economic revival through creation of new usages in order to make the industrial buildings profitable. Therefore, adaptive rehabilitation and reuse are the most suitable options for adaptation to the new requirements and needs of each individual building. This process, both in the early stages of decision-making and in the design and alternative use selection process, is faced with complexities due to the many factors involved in the decision making. Therefore, a clear and systematic framework and course of action are needed to control and guide the process. Due to lack of such a framework in Iran, this study seeks to investigate the potential for adaptive reuse of an existing building and examine how to determine the appropriate alternative for it. This is done by introducing academic models, to use a template for the decision making process. For this purpose, the old silo of Shiraz was selected as a sample. In addition to assessing its potential, the alternative use selection process was introduced. The results indicate that the silo has a high potential for adaptive reuse, and an appropriate alternative use for the silo is a cultural tourist attraction. The results of this study can be used as a template for adaptive reuse of existing buildings by designers and architects.

Buildings have a great contribution in the consumption of energy and resources available on the planet earth. Given the importance of the sustainable development and the preservation of resources and lands for future generations, the idea of adaptive reuse of existing buildings is addressed globally. Adaptive reuse of the existing buildings is an approach to restore the life of buildings at the end of their useful and service life, by determining a suitable use based on their potential and characteristics. Adaptive reuse of existing buildings through maximum use of building material, social, cultural, structural and physical potential, avoid of unnecessary extension of cities and use of lands and resources, is well align with sustainable development main goals. But, despite all the benefits and advantages of adaptive reuse, there are cases that adaptive reuse is not suitable and demolition is inevitable. Therefore we need some criteria to evaluate buildings potential for adaptive reuse. For buildings which have a high potential for adaptive reuse, we also need some criteria to determine a (re)use in compliance with the existing building features. By determining such criteria, it is possible to modify the life cycle of buildings through adaptive reuse. Based on such a perspective, the authors investigated the literature and scholars view points and criteria which are addressed in different scientific documents. The literature shows a confusing variety of criteria. Through this study the adaptive reuse related criteria are identified and by an analytical approach and according to similarity between these criteria, they are classified in two areas. The first area includes the criteria in concern to examine existing buildings adaptive reuse potential. The authors identified eight comprehensive criteria for this area. The second area includes the criteria related to the determining a match reuse for existing buildings. The authors identified six comprehensive criteria for this area. The presented comprehensive criteria, covering all criteria in the literature, can be considered as a new framework and foundation for future studies on existing buildings adaptive reuse. In this way this study will contribute in buildings sustainability. According to presented criteria, buildings life cycle is modified. The traditional buildings life cycle include these phases: design, construction, operation, maintenance, demolition and new construction. It should be noted that such an approach to the buildings life is a linear approach, while regarding the increasing importance of sustainable development, attempt to restore buildings into the life cycle is a more acceptable approach. According to this, after the end of buildings useful life and before the demolition, buildings potential for adaptive reuse should be considered according to the related criteria and only when a building dos not have a good potential for adaptive reuse, it can be demolished. This approach will extend buildings life span and can lead to avoid of premature demolition. Premature demolition of buildings has many disadvantages. Of the disadvantages of this approach are wastes production, waste of buildings’ embodied energy, unnecessary use of resources and materials. Therefore the proposed buildings life cycle can leads to a more sustainable environment.

The industrial architectural heritage is the result of the interaction of culture and industry that nowadays due to the unique identity and values of industrial heritage and with the industries outflow from urban areas have turned into unused areas requiring adaptive reuse. Besides, their similarity to other forms of architectural heritage, industrial buildings have unique components such as special scales, the great mass of materials and indelicacy of space, each of them brings some forces in recognition and designing the project and appearing as new limitations and opportunities for designers. Nowadays, the reuse through retooling interventions is not systematic and is regarded as one of the most important necessities for development and reconstruction in urban industrial areas. Therefore, drawing up and synthesis of various theories on the subject shall be done within a developed framework based on maintenance of the sense of place and the possibility of reviewing the authentic visual character of the building which requires reviewing and identification of valid theories and documents presented so far to create adaptation of new conditions and the authentic building in relation with its environment. Indeed, in addition to conservation, it leads to emergence of time and creativity in parallel with the achievement of sustainable conditions. Retooling the heritage buildings include certain components that should be analyzed in an integrated and comprehensive ways at three levels of architecture, infrastructure and structure before beginning of interventions and without undesirable effect on the authenticity of environment and architecture. All these items are the main pre-intervention necessities and in the present research it is tried to make logical and comprehensive relation to create new conditions for functional updating of the areas with industrial, although depreciated, identity. The present research is qualitative, which using the strategy of logical reasoning for the developing of conceptual framework leads to recognition of effective components in the retooling process of industrial architectural heritage; components that are simultaneously influenced by adaptive reuse strategy in historical buildings.

Environmental sustainability is one of the crucial issues considered by practitioners of environment conservation. One of the major factors which affect the environment is land use management. Consequently, adaptive reuse of industrial vacant buildings has achieved great acceptance among developing countries in recent years, whereas it can provide economic, sociocultural, and ecological benefits to the environment. This research aims to identify the significance of adaptive reuse in sustainability of the environment, especially in neglected industrial areas. The aim is achieved by means of a principle-based approach: defining the meaning of adaptive reuse and its significance in a sustainable environment; then, evaluating sustainability factors among those neglected industrial buildings conserved by adaptive reuse. To gain an understanding of the issue, a “historical interpretation” research method relying on analytical- description techniques was adopted and interviews through questionnaires were conducted with a variety of professors and students. The findings indicate that the concept of environmental sustainability is considered significantly in the adaptive reuse of industrial heritage of Iran. However, ecological aspects are neglected because of the buildings having low energy efficiency and not using renewable energies in the renovation process.