جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "metropolis" در نشریات گروه "هنر و معماری"

Redefining and re-evaluating the resilience of health and medical use spaces is a new concept whose main approach is less vulnerability and more flexibility for cities against human and inhuman stresses and events in a way that re-evaluates a city in such a way that it is prepared in times of crisis. In this research, multi-criteria decision making models and ANP and AHP models with fuzzy approach have been used to identify the relationships and determine the priorities of the current research criteria. To analyze the data obtained from the Excel analysis and coding software.Redefining and re-evaluating the resilience of health and medical use spaces is a new concept whose main approach is less vulnerability and more flexibility for cities against human and inhuman stresses and events in a way that re-evaluates a city in such a way that it is prepared in times of crisis. In this research, multi-criteria decision making models and ANP and AHP models with fuzzy approach have been used to identify the relationships and determine the priorities of the current research criteria. To analyze the data obtained from the Excel analysis and coding softwareRedefining and re-evaluating the resilience of health and medical use spaces is a new concept whose main approach is less vulnerability and more flexibility for cities against human and inhuman stresses and events in a way that re-evaluates a city in such a way that it is prepared in times of crisis. In this research, multi-criteria decision making models and ANP and AHP models with fuzzy approach have been used to identify the relationships and determine the priorities of the current research criteria. To analyze the data obtained from the Excel analysis and coding softwareRedefining and re-evaluating the resilience of health and medical use spaces is a new concept whose main approach is less vulnerability and more flexibility for cities against human and inhuman stresses and events in a way that re-evaluates a city in such a way that it is prepared in times of crisis. In this research, multi-criteria decision making models and ANP and AHP models with fuzzy approach have been used to identify the relationships and determine the priorities of the current research criteria. To analyze the data obtained from the Excel analysis and coding softwareRedefining and re-evaluating the resilience of health and medical use spaces is a new concept whose main approach is less vulnerability and more flexibility for cities against human and inhuman stresses and events in a way that re-evaluates a city in such a way that it is prepared in times of crisis. In this research, multi-criteria decision making models and ANP and AHP models with fuzzy approach have been used to identify the relationships and determine the priorities of the current research criteria. To analyze the data obtained from the Excel analysis and coding softwareRedefining and re-evaluating the resilience of health and medical use spaces Redefining and re-evaluating the resilience of health and medical use spaces is a new concept whose main approach is less vulnerability

Limited budget resources and economic capacities of metropolitan area management to provide resources for major cultural, technical and economic projects of metropolitan area management have made every effort to take advantage of the active participation of the private sector and create a competitive environment for their activities and decentralization in general. From decision-making to exploitation management, these efforts have been crystallized in various ways such as public-private partnerships and have accelerated the process of economic, social and infrastructural development. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and nature and is in the category of applied research in terms of research purpose. In this research, library and survey methods have been used. Mean analysis, structural equations and regression tests were used to analyze the variables. The statistical population of this research is 100 managers of organizations and the private sector in Tehran Municipality. In this research, a simple random sampling method has been used to select the present samples. The results show that among the 4 variables whose effect on the ppp variable has been studied, the monitoring variable has the lowest value of statistics and because they are less than the standard statistic value of 1.96, so the effect of this last variable is significant. It does not. But the other variables are significant and have the highest statistical value.

The growth of urbanization and the globalization of the network of cities has made economic competition for promoting competitiveness between cities, to become inevitable. When urban competitiveness is identified mainly with economic components, it leads to a limited understanding of urban competitiveness, which has negative consequences for policy-making because the rapid development of the urban economy is accompanied by increasing social and environmental problems in cities. In addition, given that globalization has provided a platform for the analysis of urban competitiveness, ignoring it will incomplete subsequent analyzes of urban competitiveness. Therefore, in this study, a sustainable development perspective that includes the economic, social and physical dimensions of urban competitiveness is considered. The purpose of this study is to compare the sustainable urban development indexes of four metropolises (Tabriz, Mashhad, Isfahan and Shiraz). Thirty-three different economic, social and physical indicators have been used to measure sustainability with the competitiveness approach. At first, the indicators were entered into the GIS and compared with each other in a basic information method. Then, using AHP model, each component was weighted and using Vikor model, four metropolises were ranked in terms of sustainable development. And at the end, MicMac software is used to extract the matrix of effective indicators on each other by direct and indirect methods of effective and key drivers such as: population growth rate in future, family dimension, number of immigrants, youth population, population density, the Increasing activity rate, the increasing literacy rate among men and women, the reducing unemployment rate and reducing unemployment rate among educated people, as well as the reducing percentage of emigrants were selected as factors and drivers for sustainable development. Findings show that Mashhad metropolis with an index of 0.00 in the first rank and Tabriz metropolis with an index of 0.989 in the fourth rank and Isfahan and Shiraz metropolis with an index of 0.133 and 0.989 are in the third and fourth ranks, respectively.

Urban development and the process of space production have always been accompanied by serious conflicts. This has led to the production and reproduction of profit spaces based on the logic of capital accumulation. One of the manifestations of this confrontation can be seen in the interventions made in contexts of special identity, such as Mashhad, which is in serious conflict with the issues of sustainability and its three dimensions. Against these challenges, spiritual-led urbanism and the need to identification its indicators in contemporary urban planning in order to balance the current vicious cycle seem necessary. The increasing trend of researches in this field by reputable scientific centers shows the need to apply this concept more and more in the scale of contemporary urban planning. This research aims to provide a spatial reading of the indicators of the production of spiritual-led urban space in contemporary urban planning in line with the adjustment of the current cycle, with the aim of compiling effective spatial components in this process. In terms of the goal, this research is among developmental and qualitative research that was conducted with the grounded theory method. The statistical community includes experts and key informants (21 individual interviews and 2 group interviews) who were selected as the sample size using the purposeful sampling method. The findings of the research are the identification of 23 indicators in the form of 8 main dimensions, including space syntax, role-playing, symbolism, sustainability, and justice, security, and management structure and Contemporizationof theoretical knowledge. The achievement of this research is placing a balancing concept in the cycle of space production, which will reduce the ambiguities and shortcomings of the urban planning system, especially in cities with the support of spiritual identity, by structuring effective spatial components in the production of spiritual-led space.

Cinema, as one of the most important tools for creating narrative, abundantly uses the city space as a platform for its storytelling; because cinema inherently needs space, and it is only through the capacity of space that it can tell its story. Based on this principle, this study seeks to answer two central questions. First, in general, what are the characteristics of cities which represented in Iranian movies in terms of its audience, and second, what are the characteristics of the urban space in Isfahan which represented in Iranian movies. In order to answer these questions, qualitative method and interview technique were used. By conducting 12 interviews and achieving theoretical saturation, data coding was done and findings were analyzed. The findings indicated that the city represented in the cinema has characteristics such as “a turbulent, crowded and polluted space, A space with romantic fantasies; Expanded space in surface and height; A space with the possibility of secret appointments; The revealer space of class conflict; “ a space full of violence and insecurity But in relation to the representation of the city of Isfahan, features such as soothing, slow, historical, calm, with an old andenclosed body were mentioned, and is far from the existing reality.

Social activities in the community are fruitful due to the use of proper and efficient management. Meanwhile, metropolises, as one of the manifestations of life and social activities, suffer from disorder and anomaly without proper urban management. The management of metropolitan areas has many complexities and must have integrated organizational and governmental arrangements. The most important challenge in these areas is the growing borders and political divisions, which will lead to political divisions. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is the pathology of management in metropolitan areas of Tehran. This applied research is descriptive and analytical. The statistical population of this research includes municipality, governorate, road and urban development organization in Tehran. To determine the sample size, Morgan sample size determination table was used. 50 samples were determined and the data was collected using questionnaire and interview. The dimensions of Tehran metropolitan management were identified by counting 22 variables in the form of components of participatory governance. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the studied components at 95% confidence level. Pathology shows the validity of the variables. The variables of institutional flexibility, institutional structure, citizens' awareness of the implementation of programs, transparency of laws and legal coherence show one of the important and effective missing links in the failure of the institutionalization of metropolitan management in Tehran.

The life of any city, especially the metropolises, depends on its surroundings and in the meantime, agricultural lands and villages are important factors in the development of urban. villages and agricultural lands are threatened as a result of urban sprawl. In this regard the villages along with agricultural lands and gardens around the city of Urmia have not been removed from these changes and have changed their use with the expansion of the city. This study aims to investigate the physical-spatial changes of villages located in the city of Urmia due to the development of the Urmia city. In this study, the type of applied research and its study method is descriptive-analytical. The required data and information have been collected through a comprehensive and detailed plan of the city, analysis of maps and satellite images, as well as through documents, books related to the subject and related organizations. The results show that the villages located in the city of Urmia, being located in a corner of the city, but outside the city limits and the cheap land has become the main destination for migrants and farmers. They have closed agriculture and turned to non-agricultural occupations by changing the land use. As a result, the population of these villages has changed extensively compared to other villages, and this trend continues.

There is a direct relationship between the factors affecting the quality of housing and its size . Recently, small-scale apartment units in a smaller area than previously considered small, due to the rapid growth rate of small households, rising housing prices, increasing rates of migration to metropolitan areas and lifestyle changes of the new generation are expanding. This expansion has taken place without scientific support in low quality and mostly due to high demand due to the above factors. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to extract and evaluate the effective and influential factors on the process of improving the quality of small-scale housing in the country. In this regard, first the variables were collected through the literature and then by content analysis and interviews with 10 experts in the field of housing by Delphi method, adjusted and verified. In the next step, through the structural-interpretive approach (ISM) with Micmac software based on pairwise comparisons in a matrix , the variables were scored with the opinions of experts. The research is of survey type in terms of basic-applied purpose and data collection. According to the results, 4 indicators in the field of influential variables, 7 indicators in the field of two-dimensional variables, 2 indicators in the field of dependent variables and finally 1 index in the field of independent variables. Also, the indicators of "interior architecture" and "level of general and specialized knowledge" with a score of 30 have the greatest impact on improving the quality of small-scale housing.

The metropolis of Tehran, as the capital of Iran, faces nu - merous physical, spatial and functional challenges. The purpose of this study is to provide criteria and indicators of the optimal model of spatial management for the metropo- lis of Tehran with a sustainable development approach. The research method, qualitative method and the main tool of data collection and analysis, Delphi Technique have been selected. The statistical population of the study is the me- tropolis of Tehran and the statistical analysis unit including officials, executives and managers of relevant national, pro- vincial and local executive bodies; Academic experts and experts in the subject area of this research and consulting engineering companies. The sample population was 30 ex- perts in the relevant fields. In addition to Delphi stages anal- ysis, a set of qualitative and quantitative analysis methods including Content Analysis, rational and logical reasoning and one-sample T-test have been used. The results show that the sustainable development of Tehran metropolis depends on the desired model of spatial management of the metropo- lis. The components (criteria) of such a model are: integrity, participation, flexibility, responsibility, accountability, stra- tegic, forward-looking and sustainable. Also, the favorable situation of spatial management of Tehran metropolis should monitor the realization of various dimensions of sustainable urban development and meet the different environmental, socio-cultural, institutional, economic and physical-spatial .needs of the metropolitan area

Cities and villages are the main centers of human societies. They shape the geographical foundations of an area that have special relationships with each other based on socio-economic and spatial characteristics. The rapid spread of technology in recent decades has transformed the way of living and working in cities and villages. On the one hand, this expansion has caused anti-urbanism and on the other hand, it has increased the desire for second homes and rest in places far from cities. This is especially the case for neighboring villages in metropolitan areas, especially Tehran and other large cities. Therefore, every rural settlement located on the outskirts and around these urban centers has been exposed to attention and impact, which affected the villages in different ways. The question is that how villagers see these developments and how they feel the impacts of such changes. The purpose of this article is to study the social and economic effects of the expansion and growth of the metropolis of Tehran in the village of Mehrabad from the perspective of the residents themselves. The research method is based on documentary and field studies and quantitative and qualitative methods. The statistical population of this research is the householders of Mehrabad village (612 households), form which, due to financial and time constraints, the researcher selected 230 householders using the Cochran formula. The next step was to randomly distribute a questionnaire among the householders and to analyze the answers using SPSS software. The results showed that, in the social aspect, the most important effect of metropolitan growth and urbanization in Mehrabad village was the change of the attitude of villagers towards rural life and economic activity, and in the economic aspect, it was the imbalance in employment and the decrease in income and savings of the villagers, which has occurred as a result of neglecting agriculture and animal husbandry.

Nowadays, outdoor advertising media (including billboards, digital screens, and posters) in metropolitan areas are pushing man’s innately adventurous eyes toward new levels of unhinged insatiability, while creating a flow of seemingly encrypted visual messages in the process that have all but transformed the spectators’ perception of values and meanings. Advertising media in metropolises may be regarded as animated images scattered around big cities in bits and pieces, forming a sequence of images that rapidly, and indeed incessantly, cut through and affect citizens. In much the same way as the sequences of a film – where each frame is lit, projected in the eyes of spectators for a split second, and then fade away, leaving a lasting impression that is almost impossible to define or even to explain – advertisement media may be said to cut through time and space; they hurl the images at their audience in unrelenting fashion and put citizens under their hypnotic spell, alienating them from themselves and causing them to forget their true identity. One may use the example of a film theater where the spectators are locked inside and have no way but to follow what is happening on the screen; the images infiltrate the mind of the viewers, render their bodies motionless, permeate their existence, and become the object of their whole thinking process. Thus, it follows that advertisement media in metropolitan areas create a cryptic, multi-layer atmosphere all over the city, injecting in it a torrent of vague shapes, images of alluring human bodies and faces, meticulously chosen words, and various products to transform the very meaning of the city and turn the city itself into yet another product or image. Traveling under the watchful, powerful gazes directed at them by the figures on display in advertising billboards, is an experience that turns the minds and bodies of citizens into objects replete with motion and emotion, somewhat recreating their identities from scratch. Here, a paradoxical feeling of the simultaneous absence and presence of a given advertised product is created within the spectator: an unreal, virtual presence which is also an absence, and which transmits a sense of inaccessibility and exceeding ideality that effortlessly provokes the desire and ‘symptom’ of the spectator and compels them to long for the product and end up buying it. In truth, the citizen of a modern city may be described as a ‘flâneur’ who aimlessly saunters around the filmic atmosphere of the city – which is overflowed with advertising billboards and screens promoting products and consumerism – and finds within himself a gap, or a lapse, which he has been led to believe can only be mended by a montage of the countless sequences of images he has encountered and absorbed across the city. The said gap develops into a bizarre paradox that manifests in the form of a trauma in the psyche of the human being whose identity has been metamorphosed, lost its meaning, and become merely another in a long line of inconsequential product ready for consumption.

Strategic management of the religious metropolises due to owning specific features, a special condition is seen in these metropolises which causes the metropolis strategic management area to encounter some issues. This dissertation designs the strategic management model of Qom religious metropolis using qualitative research method and in-depth interviewing and group discussion. Carried out interviews with 17 experts of the urban management area and group discussion with 10 experts have scrutinized this issue using thematic analysis methods. The results obtained from the interviews and group discussions reflect that this religious metropolis has a managerial institutional ground and environment which is multiple and different from other metropolises. The activists and the main factors of strategic management area in this city are vast and various. Thus, comprehensive and complete attention to the environment and the ground and also activists is recommended. Two interactive and cooperative spaces between the activists and the main factors of the strategic management area of an aforementioned metropolis are being observed that cooperation and accompaniment between activists and coordination between factors seem indispensible. Moreover, paying attention to the procedural issues and also communication issues of the strategic management process for Qom religious metropolis is one of other findings of the research.

Problem under study: Metropolitan growth toward their peripheral environments and shaping the metropolitan regions occur in two major situations and various states amidst. One major form is unplanned and uncontrolled with unintended consequences. In the second situation, metropolitan growth is planned and directed towards pre-set goals, with an indication of the existence of a current and effective planning system. Ideal type of mentioned situations can be rarely found in more and less developed countries of the world, while most metropolitan areas experience their growth in situations that are in-between these two major situation. Absence of effective mechanism for survey, review, and monitoring of land-use transformation is one the characteristics of unplanned metropolitan growth. Lack of complete and integrated information system, and constraints on revealing and analysing spatial structure and land-use transformation, implies the absence or ineffectiveness of planning mechanism in the metropolitan region of Tehran, which is the geographical-administrative space under study in this article.
The purpose of this article is to make an attempt to revealing land-use transformation in the metropolitan regions and by reviewing and analysing relevant methods, to select an appropriate method for analysing the metropolitan region of Tehran. Reviewing and analysing the metropolitan region of Tehran in this article is restricted to planning and policy-making spheres. Based on the analysis for revealing land-use transformation in the metropolitan region of Tehran, some suggestions emerged to initiate suitable mechanism to survey, review, and monitor such transformations. A suggested mechanism could be used as a decision support system in the planning and management of metropolitan regions.
A descriptive-analytical approach, as an overall method that has been applied in this article, has conceived and adopted a three staged process of diagnosis and prognosis First stage deals with the theoretical foundations and the technical aspects of the subject under study so that to find the appropriate guiding principles for the analysis bound for revealing land-use transformation in metropolitan regions. Second stage is concerned with formulating guiding principles that emerged in the first stage, and was with due consideration to the constraints related to access to the required information and the existence of accessible databases in order to find an appropriate method for the intended analysis of the metropolitan region of Tehran. Third stage is allocated to the application of the method that emerged in the second stage, in order to reveal land-use transformation along with analysing specifications of unplanned growth in the metropolitan region of Tehran.
Achievement: Devising and applying an approach for analysing and revealing land-use transformation, due to the unplanned growth of Tehran towards its peripheral natural environment, is the main outcome and achievement of this article. Also, an emphasis has been put upon designing and establishing a planning and policy-making mechanism in the metropolitan regions, especially in the metropolitan region of Tehran, which would enable reducing, solving, or preventing the formation of problems related to the invasion of the natural environment by the metropolitan growth.

Lack of attention to urban deterioration leads the city to move toward immethodical out-spread and leaves the inner part of the city empty. Inside- empty city becomes the habitat for newly arrived immigrant settlers، poverty، deprivation and social damages. Global experiences shows that metropolises of the world have been successful in creating vibrant and suitable spaces by taking strategies which can be adopted based on their national conditions as well as benefiting from their opportunities and strengths to be dominant over inadvertent development. Imponderable development in Tehran for the purpose of creating towns، suburbs and new self-created settlements has marginalized the central city textures. On the other hand rural and marginal urban flows of immigrants from the low-income levels of the society to the central neighborhoods have eventually increased the urban deterioration. In this regard، taking appropriate urban development strategies which will internally and marginally root out the problems of urban development is essential. The SWOT technique is utilized in this research is to identify strengths، weaknesses، opportunities and threats of metropolitan developments and to discuss its effect on deteriorated textures of Tehran city in addition to using statistic data (by request) for analysis of the flows. Research process of this essay is as followed; firstly the characteristics and problems of metropolitan development is studied and scrutinized to find out the roots of existing problems and build a hypothesis based on understanding of the issue. Moreover، field investigations and evidences through interviews and questionnaires on citizens and responders across district 10 are conducted to answer the considered questions and evaluate suppositions and solutions offered for the exiting problems. Results of this research indicate the fact that Islamic revolution has played the major role in changing Haft Chenar neighborhood since the development of marginal areas and expansion of informal construction in Tehran reached a peak during the early years of the Islamic revolution. Tehran out- spread development has caused inadvertency of city central neighborhoods including Haft Chenar and this process has pushed the neighborhood to deterioration. It has provided habitation for huge number of immigrant and rural settlers in the city suburbia deteriorated regions as well as Haft Chenar neighborhood. Continuation and expansion of neighborhood deterioration is the result of two fundamental problems: First، problems of low-income households causes lower rate of paying for urban utilities، lack of public participation in improving the environment and an increase in the hardship of household economics. Another problem is that this neighborhood is one of the most dense and deteriorated areas in district 10 vulnerable to earthquake. Low economic strength prevents residents to renovate or retrofit their residential dwellings. Therefore، this assumption is proved to be correct so that the unarranged Tehran development has led to the neglect of the city''s tissues and the development of peripheral settlements from one hand and the flow of immigrants، the poor and low-income families to these urban areas on the other.

Before the beginning of the twentieth century, two concepts of "City" and "Village" (rural areas) and in a few cases, "Metropolis" would have to describe sufficiently residential forms and spatial development of national territories. But the development of urbanization in the twentieth century in both micro and macro scale caused formation of new phenomena in the spatial organization of the land. Responding to the formation of new spatial phenomena, scholars in spatial science start to conceptualize what were emerging. Reflects of spatial changes in micro scale can be traced in the construction of new concepts like New towns, Satellite cities, Suburbia and more recently Edge cities, Exurbia and Exopolise, Technoburbs and Technopoles that all were emerging in rural-urban fringe of great and pioneer cities. The second category of conceptualization (macro scale) were reflected in creating concepts such as Metropolis, Conurbation, Metropolitan area, City - region, Megalopolis, Mega city, Mega city-region, Functional urban region, Urban agglomeration, Metropolitan region, Polycentric urban region … all conceptualize macro scale spatial phenomena. These types of great regional substance were resulted from, a) initial expansion of the city or metropolis, b) joining together independent neighboring urban areas and, c) existence of functional interaction between physically separate urban and rural areas. In fact, macro scale phenomena were result of expansion, joining together and functional interaction of micro scale phenomena explained above. Definition of macro scale spatial concepts and also providing a kind of typology of these phenomena are the main theme of present paper. The necessity of this typology is nested in the existence of confusion in finding correspondence of real world macro scale phenomena with equivalent accepted concepts among different kind of users. One of the major misconceptions in Iran is seen in finding equivalent concepts for "Majmoo-e-ye shahri" which is considered in our official documents as equivalent of "Conurbation" while it is not. The most important note here is that the effects of these misunderstanding will not be limited to the theoretical field but it will appear in practice. Because, it is evident that finding proper strategy and management systems for a Conurbation will be different from a proper one to a Metropolitan region that is the best concept for naming Majmoo-e-ye shahri in Iran. This paper attempt to reviews prevalent macro scale concepts in literature of urban and regional studies. Twelve concepts were listed at the end of a wide exploratory study. It should be reminded that some of these concepts, their definitions and application in the literature also have some degree of confusion. It seems that there is not a clear distinction between some concepts. Regardless, our typology ended in categorization of all reviewed macro scale concepts into three class: a) the concepts focused on a great built city, b) concepts focused on a typical and coherent city -region and, c) the concepts focused on several independent city regions which are adjacent but physically separated. All concepts in these three categories are distinct according to criteria such as physical cohesion and continuity, intensity of functional interaction and their spatial scale.