جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « : cancer » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The main goal in cancer treatment is to eliminate tumor cells with minimal harm to healthy tissue. The immune system is ideal for this task as it can identify and eliminate abnormal cells while providing long-term defense against recurrence. Various immune-based cancer treatments activate the immune system or help cancer cells recognize and activate immune cells within the tumor. Immunoregulatory cytokines play a crucial role in treating immune disorders. They regulate macrophage degradation of antigens and promote cellular functions. Lymphocyte interactions can lead to immune cell maturation, while other products limit lymphocyte activation. Cytokines are categorized as interleukins, growth factors, interferons, and colony-stimulating factors. Soluble proteins known as cytokines are essential for mediating and regulating cell interactions in various parts of the body, including the nervous system, gut, and bone remodeling. The study of cytokines’ structure and function has proven incredibly beneficial for both immunology and commercial research. By understanding the different domains and analogues of cytokines, researchers have gained important knowledge about how these proteins bind to receptors. Moreover, identifying similarities between various cytokines has offered valuable insights into the workings of cytokine receptors. Understanding the mechanisms behind immunotherapy resistance is important to identify new therapeutic targets. By investigating these pathways, researchers can develop innovative strategies to overcome resistance and improve treatment outcomes. Combining therapeutic modalities to target multiple aspects of the tumor microenvironment simultaneously can overcome the limitations of individual treatments and improve antitumor response. Understanding resistance mechanisms to immunotherapies can lead to the development of tailored strategies to combat treatment resistance and maximize treatment response.

We evaluated the prevalence of gynecologic cancers in south of Iran in 2014-2019.

This cross-sectional, descriptive study aimed to study 1222 patients with female gynecological cancers who were referred to the specialized oncology and radiotherapy clinics in Kerman city in south of Iran. The required information was gathered from the cases recorded in available pathology centers in Department of Health in Kerman province during 2014 -2019 years. The data analysis was done by SPSS20 software via descriptive statistics tests of Chi square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, and ANOVA.

The uterine (38.98%), and ovarian cancers (36.94%) had the highest relative frequencies. There was no significant difference in the relative frequency of female cancers in the five time intervals (p>0/01). The age average of patients was 66/15 ±58/53 years which was significantly different among different types of cancer (p<0/01). The highest and lowest age average was related to the vagina (61.89±26.64) and placenta (30.66±5.50) cancers.

The most frequent cancer in the first two years of study was ovarian cancer, while the most frequent cancer in the next three years of the study was the uterine cancer. The highest and lowest age averages were related to vagina cancer, and trophoblastic cancer, respectively.

In cancer treatment, anesthesia is commonly used during surgery to remove tumors, as well as for other procedures like biopsies, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy administration. Some research suggests that the choice of specific anesthetic drugs and nerve-sparing techniques can have a significant impact on cancer recurrence rates and overall patient survival. It is well-established that a patient's immune system plays a direct role in postoperative complications and long-term outcomes, highlighting the importance of optimizing anesthesia to minimize potential immune system suppression and improve immune function during cancer surgery. Recent studies have revealed a strong connection between the type of anesthesia used during surgery and the likelihood of cancer relapse and related mortality. Therefore, it is crucial to select the appropriate anesthesia technique for cancer resection, focusing on reversible effects, rapid recovery, and resistance to feedback. The specific anesthetic agents used during surgery have a significant impact on survival rates and the risk of cancer-related mortality. Genetic influences on anesthesia response are significant for improving patient care and achieving better results. Additionally, personalized medicine, which combines diagnostic testing and treatment, is now a clinical reality. Anesthesia's effects on depth, pain signals, vital signs, and the motor system are complex and not fully understood, and many researchers believe that anesthesia is regulated by multiple genes, although further research is needed to identify them and understand how they are regulated. The relationship between anesthesia and cancer is complex and evolving with implications for medical treatment. Limited evidence suggests that anesthesia and surgery-related factors can affect cancer biology and outcomes. Further research is needed to understand these interactions and develop strategies for improving cancer care during surgery. Better understanding can lead to safer and more effective cancer treatment, benefitting patients.

Lots of people are struggling with Kidney disease or cancer around the world. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are associated directionally and share risk factors. Because of the role of kidneys in detoxification, studying the relationship between cancer chemotherapy and kidney disorders is significant. This investigation fills the current gap between cancer occurrence and kidney problems. CKD can induce RCC through a cystic disorder or oxidative stress. RCC also promotes CKD due to the tumor interactions, physical removal of kidney mass, and perioperative acute renal disease. Kidney failure also leads to renal cancer-specific pathways. For example, renal progenitors are converted to tumor-initiating cells through HIF, Notch, mTOR, and Hippo pathways. Furthermore, progress in cancer treatment during recent years has increased the overall survival of patients with advanced malignancies faced with early and late adverse effects from therapeutics. There are conflicting findings about the dosing of typical chemotherapeutics because of loss of kidney function. Recommended doses are usually according to expert opinion, not scientific evidence. This investigation has evaluated issues in cancer patients with kidney problems that can help patients by informing physicians about GFR loss and its effect on chemotherapy.Keywords: kidney diseases, cancer, chemotherapy, CKD, AKI

Cancer is a significant global cause of mortality, and enhancing therapy is essential to save lives and minimise adverse consequences. Aptamers, composed of DNA or RNA, have the potential for cancer treatment by precise targeting of certain molecules. Aptamers, unlike conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, have the specific objective of delivering medications directly to cancer cells, while reducing injury to healthy cells. This paper examines the process of aptamer development and utilisation in cancer treatment, with a specific emphasis on their capacity to enhance therapy and surmount drug resistance. Additionally, it explores the obstacles and potential advancements in using aptamers to transform cancer therapy.

Today, despite the progress of science in healthcare, cancer is still one of the main causes of death worldwide. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a technology to tackle some of the biggest challenges in cancer research and treatment, and researchers have completed numerous studies in this area. Therefore, the current study analyzed scientific research in the field of artificial intellige nce and cancer using scientometric tools. This descriptive study utilized scientometrics techniques and focused on analyzing scientific publications related to using AI in cancer that were indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. until April 23, 2023. To analyze the data, the Babblemetrix package was used in the R software. A total of 8098 related documents were retrieved, and the USA, China, and Germany had the most publications. The words "Classification," "Cancer," and "Diagnosis" were the most important keywords of the authors in the scientific publications. Pathology and Diagnosis were the primary topics in the field of AI and cancer. Moreover, Cancer, Survival, and Computer-aided detection have received more attention from researchers in recent years. The findings of the study suggest that AI has enormous potential to revolutionize cancer research and treatment, and pave the way for more effective and personalized therapies. The results of this study can be useful for research policy-makers and researchers to determine the priorities and research decisions in this field.

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a promising cancer-fighting agent that has gained widespread attention due to recent advances in virology and molecular biology. These viruses selectively infect and multiply inside tumor cells, causing them to rupture and release newly synthesized viruses that stimulate the body's immune system to target the tumor cells. Clinical investigations have shown that OVs can effectively eliminate cancer cells that are resistant to traditional treatments, which is why over 100 clinical trials are currently exploring the possibility of combining them with other therapies for better efficacy. Although OVs have demonstrated enormous potential, their effectiveness in treating solid tumors is still limited. Therefore, researchers are continuously developing new viral families that can exclusively replicate in tumor cells. Currently, T-VEC is the only FDA-approved oncolytic virus, but with ongoing phase I-III clinical studies, more promising treatments are on the horizon. Furthermore, this review article provides a comprehensive overview of OVs, including their mechanism of action delivery routes, challenges in oncolytic virotherapy, current developments, the efficacy of OVs when combined with other cancer treatments, and prospects for future research.

Exosomes are tiny vesicles that cells secrete into the extracellular environment. They are crucial in cellular communication and have wide-ranging physiological and pathological ramifications. Cargo sorting, MVB development and maturation, MVB transport, and MVB fusion with the plasma membrane are the four essential steps in exosome biogenesis. The high heterogeneity of exosomes is due to the fact that each process is modulated by the competition or coordination of multiple mechanisms, resulting in the sorting of diverse compositions of molecular cargos into different subpopulations of exosomes. In cancer, exosomes have been shown to play a crucial role in tumor growth, metastasis, and pre-metastatic niche formation. In this mini-review, we briefly compile what we know about exosomes at present, including how they are made, what they carry, and how they promote tumor growth. Exosomes' potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is discussed. We also take a look at the research that hasn't been done and the challenges that have been overlooked.

Given the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy drugs used in cancer treatment, there is a need to develop alternative agents to protect female fertility. This study investigated the effect of Actaea racemosa (A. racemosa) extract on mice ovarian cells and the damage caused by doxorubicin (DOX) to the mice ovaries.

We evaluated the effects of A. racemosa extract on mice ovaries (n=42) after DOX treatment. The mice were pre-treated with saline solution (controls) or with 0.5 or 5 mg/kg A. Racemosa extract. Afterward, during a period of 10 days, they were treated daily with one of the six protocols: (i) saline solution (control), (ii) 10 mg/kg DOX, (iii) 0.5 mg/kg A. racemosa extract, (iv) both DOX and 5 mg/kg A. racemosa extract, (v) A. racemosa extract (5 mg/kg), and (vi) both DOX and 0.5 mg/kg A. racemosa extract. At the end of these treatments, the ovaries were fixed for histopathological examinations. Ovarian follicular morphology, stromal cell density, collagen fibers, and TNF-α expression were evaluated. Some ovaries were fixed for transmission electron microscopy or stored at -80oC to study the mRNA expression for Caspase-3 and TNF-α.

The Mice treated with A. racemosa extract had reduced follicular degeneration and cell death after exposure to DOX. Ovaries of mice treated with 0.5 mg/kg A. racemosa extract had granulosa cells and oocytes with preserved ultrastructure, decreased immunostaining for TNF-α, and reduced Caspase-3 mRNA.

The A. racemosa extract supported follicular survival and protected the ovarian follicles and stromal cells against DOX-induced cytotoxicity.

Many people lose their lives to cancer each year. The prevalence of illnesses, metabolic disorders, high-risk infections, and other conditions has been greatly slowed down by expanding scientific research. Chemotherapy and radiation are still the initial lines of treatment for cancer patients, along with surgical removal of tumors. Modifications have been made in chemotherapy since medicines frequently have substantial systemic toxicity and poor pharmacokinetics and still do not reach the tumor site at effective concentrations. Chemotherapy may now be administered more safely and effectively thanks to nanotechnology. Nanotechnology-based graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are very applicable in breast cancer detection, as a drug delivery system, and in the treatment of breast cancer because of their physical and chemical properties, lower toxicity, small size, fluorescence, and effective drug delivery. This paper analyzes the GQDs as cutting-edge platforms for biotechnology and nanomedicine also its application in drug delivery in cancer. It shows that GQDs can be effectively conjugated with hyaluronic acid (HA) to achieve efficient and target-specific delivery.

Cancer is one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. Cancer cells are characterized by unregulated cellular processes, including proliferation, progression, and angiogenesis. The occurrence of these processes is due to the dysregulation of various signaling pathways such as NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB), Wnt/beta-catenin, Notch signaling and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinases). Notch signaling pathways cause the progression of various types of malignant tumors. Among the phytochemicals for cancer therapy, several have attracted great interest, including curcumin, genistein, quercetin, silibinin, resveratrol, cucurbitacin and glycyrrhizin. Given the great cellular and molecular heterogeneity within tumors and the high toxicity and side effects of synthetic chemotherapeutics, natural products with pleiotropic effects that simultaneously target numerous signaling pathways appear to be ideal substitutes for cancer therapy. With this in mind, we take a look at the current status, impact and potential of known compounds as golden phytochemicals on key signaling pathways in tumors, focusing on the Notch pathway. This review may be useful for discovering new molecular targets for safe and efficient cancer therapy with natural chemotherapeutics.

Both internal and external risk factors can accelerate the progression of breast cancer which is the reason why clinicians have tried to find new  iomarkers for this health problem. Human endogenous retrovirus?W (HERV?W) can be one of these biomarkers, as it has been mentioned that some genes of this virus are able to have either higher or lower expression in numerous cancerous cells. In this study, we aimed to compare HERV?W envelope expression in breast cancer tissues and normal ones since its effects on this malignancy have not been clear.

Materials and Methods: 

We collected 46 breast cancer tissues and their normaladjacent ones. After extracting the RNA of breast samples, we evaluated the expression of HERV?W envelope syncytin?1 and 2 using quantitative real?time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in different kinds of breast cancer stages.

Data showed that more than 13% of patients had a family history of breast cancer; moreover, approximately half of the tissues were estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor positive. Lymph node metastasis was seen in 52% of the patients, and about 40% of tumors were larger than 2 cm. Real?time PCR showed that syncytin?1 and 2 had upward regulation with ( *P < 0.05) and (**P < 0.01), respectively.

As the expression of HERV?W Env (syncytin?1, syncytin?2) was higher in breast cancerous tissues in comparison with normal ones, we believe that these genes may have a role to play in monitoring patients suffering from this type of cancer. However, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.

Gluten is a complex mixture of hundreds of related proteins, with the two major groups being gliadin and glutenin. Gliadin primarily affects the viscosity of dough, while glutenin contributes to its strength. Nowadays, there is evidence suggesting an increase in gluten exposure due to advancements in cereal technology. The consumption of gluten can lead to gluten-related disorders (GRDs) development in susceptible individuals. Some GRDs have been strongly associated with an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer. Colorectal cancer and lymphoma are among the most commonly reported malignancies associated with GRDs. Dietary factors, including gluten intake, have been recognized as significant modifiable risk factors for the development of digestive system cancers. The present study aimed to collect current information on the effect of gluten on the incidence of cancer in the general population and among GRDs patients. Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) Network analysis of common genes between celiac disease (CD) and cancer was also conducted.

The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers and opium use.

GImalignancies are a global public health issue and are associated with many risk factors including genetic and lifestyle factors.

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus and the Google Scholar search engine in addition to Persian databases including Magiran and SID were searched using relevant keywords. The associations of opium use, long duration of opium use, high daily amount opium use and high cumulative opium use and GI cancer and various subtypes of GI cancers were estimated and pooled in format of odds ratios (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) with a random effects model.

22 articles that were published between 1983 and 2022 entered the analyses. There were significant relationships between opium use based on crude effect sizes (OR: 2.53, 1.95-3.29) and adjusted effect sizes (OR: 2.64, 1.99-3.51), high daily opium use (or: 3.41, 1.92-6.06), long duration of opium use (OR: 3.03, 1.90-4.84) and high cumulative opium use (OR: 3.88, 2.35-6.41), all compared to never opium use, and GI cancer. The results were not sensitive to sensitivity analyses and no influential publication biases were found in these analyses.

Our meta-analysis showed that opium use could be associated with increased risk of overall and some particular GI cancers including oropharyngeal, gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancers. Opium use as a potentially modifiable factor, therefore,should be more emphasized.

Uterine and Cervical cancer survivors face challenges like the disruption of emotionaland sexual relationships, struggle to maintain sexual life and intimacy, and the possibility ofdivorce. The study aimed to determine the effect of group counseling based on couples’ constructivecommunication on perceived spousal support in uterine and cervical cancer survivors. A randomized controlled trial on 40 women who survived uterine and cervical cancer wererecruited using convenience sampling and then randomly allocated to a couple-based constructivecommunication intervention group and a routine cancer center care control group from June 2019 toMarch 2020 in Motahhari and Imam Khomeini hospitals in Urmia. The intervention group was involvedin a group counseling session weekly for 5 weeks, regarding constructive couple communication skills.Perceived spouse support was assessed using the sources of social support scale which has 4 subscalesinformational, instrumental, emotional, and negative support before and one week after the end of theintervention in both groups. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24 through Independentand paired t-tests, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon, chi-square, and ANCOVA. P value<0.05 wasconsidered statistically significant. The effect of the intervention was statistically significant in reducing negative support inthe intervention group (2.70±0.80) in comparison with the control group (3.40±1.04) (P=0.03). It wasalso statistically significant in increasing informational support (3.45±0.71 vs. 2.15±0.80, P<0.001),instrumental support (3.15±0.58 vs. 2.85±0.74, P<0.001), and emotional support (19.40±1.60 vs.16.10±2.10, P<0.001). Group counseling based on couple constructive communication increased perceivedspousal support in uterine and cervical cancer survivorsTrial Registration Number: IRCT20150125020778N22.