جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « آنتی ژن » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID19) pandemic, has imposed a serious public health threat, which requires effective treatments and vaccination strategies for disease control and prevention. In the vaccine development process, identifying the structure and role of viral antigens is unavoidable. Various vaccines using a range of design techniques, including inactivated virus-based vaccines, viral vectors, DNA vaccines, and protein recombinants are being developed, evaluated, and used to prevent the spread of disease. This review article was described SARS-CoV-2 antigens for vaccine development as well as recent advances in COVID19 vaccines. In this study, the websites of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched and related articles up to 2021 were extracted. The results of these studies showed that SARS-CoV-2 vaccines had a significant effect in reducing the COVID19-related morbidity and mortality regardless of vaccine type. However, new variants harboring mutations in the spike protein enhanced the virus spreading and virus binding affinity to its receptor ACE2 and reduced the effectiveness of vaccines.

Sperm associated antigens (SPAGs) play an important role in the incidence of various cancers including breast, lung, liver, and bladder. SPAGs are also important in sperm functions, such as motility. However, it seems that sperm cryopreservation as one of the assisted reproductive techniques (ART), can affect the expression of these genes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of freezing on the expression of human SPAG 5 and 9 in human spermatozoa.

In the present experimental study, twelve semen samples in terms of normozoospermic parameters were collected from individuals referred to the Royan Institute, and progressive motile sperms were isolated by density gradient centrifugation (DGC). Each sample was divided into two, non-frozen (control) and frozen groups. After rapid freezing and three-day storage in liquid nitrogen, samples were thawed in tap water and incubated for 2 hours of recovery-time in a CO2 incubator. RNA extraction in both groups was performed using TRIzol; and SPAG5 and 9 were evaluated by Real-time PCR technique.

Based on statistical analysis, the expression of SPAG5 decreased significantly in the frozen group compared to the control group (P≤0.05); In contrast, there was no significant difference in the expression of SPAG9 between the control and frozen groups.

Considering the cold shock in the future of cell, a significant reduction in SPAG5 expression in the frozen group may indicate probable influences in the derived fetus.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic infection caused Echinococcus granulosus with worldwide distribution. As one of the problems that can be encountered after treating CE patients is the risk of postsurgical relapses or treatment failure, a long-term clinical and serological follow-up is required to evaluate the success and failure of therapy. We used extract protoscolex antigen from fresh sheep hydatid cyst collect from slaughtered in Ahvaz. Overall we tested 180 serum samples comprising: 41 sera from post surgically confirmed CE from 6 month to 20 years after surgery, 69 sera from patients with symptomatic CE and 50 sera from non CE patients and 20 heterologous sera were evaluated with SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis and western blotting. The sensitive of the 38 KDa PSC Antigen was 67 % pre and 83 % after surgery and 100% specify. All hepatic CE and 66.6 % of pulmonary CE sera was reacted with PSC Antigen. The results indicate that the hydatid specific antibodies of IgG, IgG1 and IgG4 are the most important antibodies for the serological diagnosis of CE during the active stage of the disease and Ig G, particularly sub-class Ig G4 was more suitable for postoperative follow up.

Rh blood group system is one of the complex systems of blood groups and composed of nearly 50 antigens. The two gens of Rh D and Rh CE are responsible for coding of Rh system. Rh null genotype does not express any of these antigens. The prevalence of phenotype Rh null is 1 person per every 6×106 individuals and it is rather difficult to find compatible blood for the recipients in need. However, as there are probably members with similar characteristics in a given family, it would be plausible to diagnose the phenotype in family members to prepare compatible blood in time of need.
Case : In 2014, a 39-year-old negative female patient with hemolytic anemia referred to BoAli Hospital in Qazvin. Her sample, due to incompatibility in cross matching was further tested and her Rh null group was determined.
Conclusions : This case was identified by antibody screening tests and the subsequent determination of Rh antigen phenotype. After checking other family members, her brother was identified as the second Rh null group case in the country.

The prevalence of hydatid cyst in patients with cancer is lower than those of normal population. In this study the effect of different extractions of hydatid cyst antigens on growth of Hella cancer cells has been investigated in vitro.

In this experimental study، crude protoscolices antigen، protoscolices ES antigen and hydatid fluid antigen were prepared and fractions of these antigens were using salting out method. These fractions were added to Hella cell line and incubated for 48h. Then the number of alive and dead cells were counted in comparison to appropriate control. Analysis of data was carried out using SPSS. ver. 16 software and Jonckheere–Terpstra Test. P<0. 05 was considered as significant..

In cell cultures treated with mentioned fractions،all 3 fractions significantly decrease the growth of Hella cancer in comparison to control cell culture. Also fractions of crude protoscolices antigen significantly increase the growth of Hella cancer cells.

Different extracts of hydatid cyst antigens inhibitory affects on Hela cell’s growth in culture medium. Further work is recommended an anti-cancer properties of these antigens.

Candida albicans is one of the most common causes of hospital infections. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid، easy and sensitive way to detect candida albicans. Polyclonal antibodies were prepared in rabbits. The antibodies were purified by salt concentration and Ion exchange chromatography. The purified antibody was coated onto the colloidal gold. Color change (red to blue) was observed when the purified antigens (mannoprotein of Candida albicans cell wall) were added to Polyclonal antibodies. The method was sensitive and easy. This study indicated that using colloidal gold particle agglutination method can be used for accurate and rapid candida detection Method.

Wheat flour is a complex organic particle containing an array of different allergic and antigenic components. Exposure to flour dust may result in a variety of respiratory problems such as allergic responses, occupational asthma and allergic rhinitis. The aim of the present study was to assess the concentration of inhalable dust and gliadin of flour dust as an important wheat flour allergen and to determine the relationship between concentrations of flour dust and that of gliadin in the air breathed by the workers in different workstations of wheat flour mill factories. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. 64 air samples were collected by means of universal air sampling pumps. Inhalable flour dust density was measured by gravimetric method and flour dust gliadin concentration was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mean flour dust density was higher than that of permissible limit in all wheat flour mill factories (1.64 4.68 mg/m3) and showed a significant positive relation with gliadin concentration (R2 = 0.708, p<0.05) in all factories. In addition, Inhalable dust density and gliadin concentration have been different in different stations of the factories and were highest in flour packing workstation. This study revealed the density of Inhalable flour dust had been higher than the level of permissible limit (0.5 gr/m3) and the workers in Hamadan flour mills are exposed to a dangerous level of flour dust, and inhale a high level of gliadin in all flour packing unites of the factories in Hamedan.

We tried to evaluate the diagnostic utility of HBME-1 in distinguishing between reactive meso-thelial cells and adenocarcinoma in body serous effusions. We examined 52 cytologic specimens of serous effusions processed by cell block technique retrieved from the pathology archive of Al-zahra hospital (Isfahan). They were categorized in two groups: Group I. 26 effusions containing reactive mesothelial cells from patients with no evidences of malignancy based on cyto-morphology, clinical data and imaging; and Group II. 26 effusions containing adenocarcinomatous cells from patients with diagnosis established by routine histology. Immunostaining with HBME-1 was performed using an Envision technique. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software. Statistical significance was found with HBME-1 when comparing both adenocarcinoma versus meso-thelial cells (P = 0.001). Also, we found HBME-1 outlined cell membranes in reactive mesothelial cells versus cytoplasmic pattern in adenocarcinoma cells (P = 0.001). The staining intensity for adenocarcimoma cells in-cluded: Negative in 7 cases (26.9%); score + in 4 cases (15.38%), score ++ in 11 cases (42.30%) and score +++ in 4 cases (15.38%). In mesothelial cells, Negative and score + was not seen, score ++ was in 3 cases (11.5%), and score +++ in 23 cases (88.5%) (P = 0.001). The staining pattern and intensity for HBME-1 is a usufull panel for differentiation of adenocarci-noma and mesothelial cells. The only limitation of this marker is ovarian carcinoma that shows the same pattern as reactive mesothelial cells.

Considering the importance of hydatidosis among human beings and domesticated animals, the aim of the present study was to identify the diagnostic antigen of hydatid cyst by immuno-blotting method. After the preparation of sheep hydatid cyst, four kinds of antigens of raw fluids, boiled fluids, homogenized antigen of protosculex and the antigen of hydatid cyst wall were isolated. The negative and positive serum samples without any impurity were prepared in slaughterhouse. Electrophoresis of antigens by means of SDS–PAGE method using disconnected gel along with isolating gel with the concentration of 12% and compressing gel with the concentration of 5% in the vicinity of a marker with certain molecular weight was carried out.In western blotting method for detection of the specific antigen, a sheet of nitrocellulose membrane was transferred over the gel and electrophoresis was performed. After transferring protein to nitrocellulose membrane, fatless powdered milk was used as a blocking buffer and then, primary and secondary antibodies and benzidin di–amino substrate were used accordingly to identify specific bands. Electrophoresis pattern of the four antigens extracted from the cyst showed that among 14 protein bands, there are 9 protein bands with molecular weights of more than 116 Kilo-Dalton (kD) among which 4 bands with molecular weights of 18, 23, 40, and 64 kD were more prominent and similar to the antigens of boiled fluid.In the electrophoresis of wall antigen, 9 protein bands out of 14 bands had molecular weights of more than 116 kD and there were 10 protein bands with molecular weights of more than 35 kD in the protosculex. By immuno-blotting method in raw fluid antigen, a protein band with molecular weight of 35 kD, and in cyst wall antigen 3 protein bands with molecular weights of 30, 33, 46 kD were identified as specific antigens.

Background and Serum soluble Fas (sFas) is found in low concentrations in the sera of healthy subjects and it elevated in patients with autoimmune diseases, malignancy and inflammatory diseases. The Fas molecules play some role in the pathogenesis of Graves’ disease through interfering with the Fas-FasL interaction. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between soluble Fas serum level and thyroid autoantibodies. Methods and Materials: In order to determine the association of serum sFas level with thyroid autoantibodies, we evaluated the serum levels of sFas and thyroid antibodies in 31 untreated GD patients and 37 respective healthy controls. sFas serum level was reported to be higher in patients than in healthy subjects (P....

Background and Human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) is endemic in several foci in IRAN, such as Ardebil and Fars provinces (in North western and southern parts of IRAN) and in some regions as sporadic. Visceral leishmaniasis in Iran is Mediterranean type and the causative agent is Leishmania infantum and its main reservoir is dog. In this study direct agglutination test (DAT) was compared with indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in patients suspected of kala-azar. A total of 70 serum samples were collected from suspected kala-azar patients mainly in the kala-azar endemic areas. The Leishmania infantum antigens (MHO/TN/80/IPTi) were prepared in Department of parasitology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The principal phases of the procedure from making DAT antigen were mass production of promastigotes of leishmania in the RPMI1640 + fetal bovine serum, Trypsiniznation of parasites, staining with Comassie Blue and fixing with formaldehyde. The human serum samples were tested by DAT, as well as, by IFAT, with the L.infantum antigen prepared in our laboratory. The sero positive rate (SPR) with DAT in titers of ≥ 1:3200 was 91.4% and with IFAT in titers of ≥ 1:80 was 94.3%. Geometric means of reciprocal titers (GMRT) were 6309 for DAT and 692 for IFAT. Therefore, as the titers of ≥1:3200 are usually considered positive in DAT, the titers of ≥1:80 were regarded as position in IFAT. The coincidence of the two tests was 92%. These results showed that a simple local laboratory with one or two trained technicians is quite sufficient for DAT, sero-diagnosis and serological surveys of kala-azar in an endemic area. According to the results of this study, it seems that in Kala azar endemic areas, the clinical symptoms of Visceral leishmaniasis, particularly among the children with DAT antibody titers ≥1:3200 is a good indication for specific treatment of Kala-azar.

Antifertility effects of naturally occuring antisperm antibody (ASA) in infertile couples and studies on experimental immunization of various animals with sperm antigens represent ASA as an immunocontraceptive target. The effects of different factors on sperm immunogenecity and ASA production have been studied and different results have been reported. In this study, whole sperm immunization was evaluated.

In this experimental study, whole mice sperm with different adjuvants i.e. complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (ICFA), cholera toxin subunit-β (CTS-β) were administrated to mice by different routes Intramuscular (IM), Subcutaneous (SC), Intranasal (IN), Intra peritoneal (IP), Intrarectal (IR), Intravaginal (IVA) and oral. Control groups were inoculated with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) plus corresponding adjuvant. Immunization was carried out on day 0,7,14,28 and ASA titers were detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) technique. The results were compared between control and experimental groups by Mann Whitney and Fisher exact tests.

The number of positive mice for ASA in IM, IN and SC experimental and control groups were significantly different (P=0.01, P=0.01, P=0.04 respectively). However, there were no significant differences between the IR, IVA, and oral experimental and control groups. No differences were observed between ASA in vaginal washing of all groups. Due to high mortality, the IP group was excluded from the study.

It can be concluded that whole sperm antigen can induce immune response in female mice by IM, SC and IN routes, but not through IAV, IR and oral administration routes.