جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اعتماد به نفس » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Spinal cord injury causes a huge social and economic burden on the society. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of selected program of walking with support on a treadmill and eye exercises on the energy consumption, self-confidence and quality of life factors of paraplegic spinal cord injury patients.

This semi-experimental study was conducted with targeted and available sampling method. The study population consisted of all spinal cord injury patients with incomplete paraplegia (C-D) referring to Hana charity center in Isfahan province, of which 30 people were selected in a targeted and accessible way. The sample group was randomly divided into two groups of 15 people, the experimental group with an average age of 34.40 ± 2.87 years and the control group with an average age of 33.93±3.34 years. The experimental group participated in 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week, in training sessions that started from 45 and reached 90 minutes in the last sessions. The collection tools in this research were: Energy Consumption Index, Eyseng Self-Confidence and Quality of Life Questionnaire. Repeated measure analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.

The results of repeated measure analysis of variance showed that 12 weeks of the selected program of walking with support on the treadmill and eye exercises had a significant effect on the energy consumption test with mean of 1.52±0.88, (p=0.002, Eta=0.28, F=59.28), self-confidence Test with mean of 12.00±  4.10 (p = 0.001, Eta= 0.68,  F= 63.11) and quality of life factors with mean of 48.76± 12.70 (p = 0.001, U= 25.00) of paraplegic spinal cord injury patients.

12 weeks of a selected program of walking with support on a treadmill and eye exercises have positive and significant effects on the energy consumption, self-confidence and quality of life factors of paraplegic spinal cord injury patients. Therefore,so it is suggested that these exercises improve the physical and mental condition of spinal cord injury patients. Paraplegia should be used in medical centers.

Mindfulness training is useful for strengthening and improving learning prerequisites. Based on this, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of web-based mindfulness training on academic self-regulation, self-confidence and self-efficacy of nursing students.

This study was conducted with a semi-experimental method with pre-test and post-test stages and experimental and control groups. The statistical population of all nursing students of Mazandaran Islamic Azad University in the academic year 2021-2022, which was assigned in a targeted way, 40 people in two experimental groups (20 people) and control group (20 people). The measurement tools were the self-regulation questionnaires of Bouffard et al., the self-confidence of Mehri et al., and the self-efficacy of Sherer and Maddox. In order to analyze the data, descriptive tests such as mean, standard deviation, and one- and two-variable covariance analysis tests were used.

The findings showed that at the confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05), mindfulness training was effective on each of the variables of academic self-regulation, self-confidence and self-efficacy of nursing students, and the first effect on self-efficacy (size effect: 0.91), then on academic self-regulation (effect size: 0.71) and finally on self-confidence (effect size: 0.39).

Mindfulness training is one of the effective ways to increase the level of academic self-regulation, self-confidence and self-efficacy of nursing students.

 The management of medical emergencies in dentistry is an important issue. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and performance of Ahvaz dental students regarding medical emergencies in the dental office.

Methods and material: 

The present study was a descriptive study that evaluated 202 dental students. The data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of 21 questions, which was prepared using other similar researches. The validity of the questionnaire was determined by the opinion of 5 specialists in the field of oral medicine. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by calculating the Cronbach coefficient of 0.75 . This questionnaire consisted of three parts: awareness, attitude and self-confidence. Questionnaires were completed in person by referring to the educational departments. The data were analyzed with the help of SPSS 24 software and Anova Analytic test.

 Self-confidence of male students in emergency medical situations was more than that of female students and it was statistically significant. There was no significant difference between male and female students' awareness of medical emergencies such as foreign body aspiration, anaphylactic shock, seizures, etc. (p = 0.835), while this awareness had a significant difference based on the year of admission(p=001/0). The results showed that syncope was the most frequent among emergency conditions experienced by students.

 It seems that all students are weak in facing some serious emergency situations such as cardiopulmonary arrest, which requires high awareness and self-confidence to perform CPR, and the students of lower years lack sufficient knowledge about all emergency situations.

Considering the importance of self-esteem as an influential variable in the mental health of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and also the inconsistent findings in the related literature, this study intended to compare the level of self-esteem in public, social, academic, and family contexts in students with and without ADHD.

The research design was based on the causal-comparative study. The intended first population of this study consisted of students with ADHD who had visited the child and adolescent psychiatry clinic of Razi Hospital in Tabriz during 2021 (1400 in the solar calendar); the second population was made up of healthy counterparts of this clinical group (i.e., students without ADHD). Based on the purposive sampling method, 48 students who were diagnosed with ADHD without co-occurring psychiatric disorder by a child psychiatry specialist were selected as the study group. Also, 48 healthy students from Tabriz schools were selected as the group without ADHD.

Given the obtained results, a statistically significant difference was found between the ADHD group and the non-ADHD group in light of the composite scores of the self-esteem sub-components. The findings showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the public and the family subscales, that is, the public self-esteem of the group with ADHD was higher than the mean of the general self-esteem of the non-ADHD group, and the mean of the family self-esteem of the non-ADHD group was higher than that of the ADHD group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the social and academic subscales.

Based on the findings, it was concluded that the self-esteem of students with ADHD in their inner world is different from other individuals’ inferences about the self-esteem of these children. In other words, these children had acceptable self-esteem in their psychological world according to their psychological conditions. In addition, considering the low family self-esteem of the participants with ADHD, the behavioral quality of these children’s parents and relatives may have affected how they define family relationships and consequently, lowered their value.

Considering the obtained results, it was suggested to pay attention to these children’s self-esteem in their interventions and use the potential of this variable in controlling individual and family behaviors.

 Nurses should be able to make accurate and appropriate clinical judgments about the health status of patients by combining their technical skills and professional knowledge. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking style in clinical decision-making with the mediation of self-efficacy beliefs and self-confidence in the nursing staff of Rasht hospitals.

 This descriptive-correlational study was conducted using the structural equation model with the participation of 364 nurses of Intensive care units in Rasht hospitals. The sampling method was random cluster sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires including nurses' clinical decision making, emotional intelligence, self-efficacy in clinical practice, critical thinking style, and self-confidence. The structural equation modeling method used for data analysis by AMOS-22 software.

 Findings were the total path coefficient (sum of direct and indirect path coefficients) between emotional intelligence and clinical decision-making pattern (P<0.001, β=0.442), between critical thinking style and clinical decision-making pattern (P<0.001, β=0.335), between self-efficacy beliefs and clinical decision-making pattern (P<0.001, β=0.325), between self-confidence and clinical decision-making pattern (P<0.001, β=0.243) and the indirect effect between emotional intelligence (P<0.001, β=0.154), and critical thinking style (P<0.001, β=0.188) on the pattern of positive clinical decision-making and It was meaningful. Emotional intelligence, critical thinking, self-efficacy beliefs and self-confidence explain a total of 59% of the variance of the decision-making pattern in nurses.

 The study showed that self-efficacy beliefs and self-confidence mediated the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking style with clinical decision-making among Rasht hospitals' nursing staff. Self-efficacy beliefs and self-confidence increased the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking style with clinical decision-making.

Quality of life includes different dimensions of physical, mental and social health and comfort of people's lives and is affected by various factors. For this reason, this research was conducted with the aim of predicting emotional intelligence based on the quality of life of married people with the mediation of self-confidence in married women.

Methods and Materials: 

The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the research included all married women living in Semnan who had referred to counseling centers. The sampling method was purposeful and based on entry and exit criteria, 384 people were selected based on Morgan's table. The data collection tools include Petrides and Farnham's standard emotional intelligence questionnaires, World Health Organization's quality of life, and Cooper Smith's standard self-confidence questionnaire. Data analysis was done using ANOVA and regression tests. Also, SPSS software, version 26 was used at a significance level of 0.05.

The results of the research showed that among the variable dimensions of self-confidence, the educational and occupational scale ranked first with 41.2%, the social scale ranked second with 34.4%, the family scale ranked third with 23.1% and the general scale. With 19.15%, they are in the fourth place and the lie scale with negative 18.9%, affecting the quality of life of married women. Therefore, the role of self-confidence dimensions is significant (p<0.05). The results of examining the effect of emotional intelligence on self-confidence in married women in the research model were 21.9%. Also, the beta value of the relationship between married people's quality of life and emotional intelligence was found to be 0.469 in the first model and 0.539 in the second model, and the moderating variable of self-confidence has an increasing role, and its value is 0.274, and the moderating role of confidence is breath was statistically significant (p<0.05).

According to the results, clients can be informed about how low self-confidence can add to their psychological problems and how they can overcome their psychological problems with emotional intelligence to increase their quality of life during marriage.

Paying attention to different aspects of students' mental health paves the way for their academic achievement, at the same time, self-confidence and stress in students are very important aspects in academic performance and other aspects of their lives. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between self confidence and stress in students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences in 2019.

In this study, 348 students were included. Due to the prevalence of corona virous and lack of face-to-face contact with students, data were collected through the Gadzell Student Stress Questionnaire (51 questions) and the Moradi Confidence Questionnaire, which has 30 questions designed by google form. SPSS software and t-test, analysis of variance and correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data.

The mean age of the subjects was 21.34 years with a standard deviation of 1.74 years. In terms of gender, 68.8% were female and the rest were male. Based on the results, a significant relationship was observed between self-confidence and gender and college. Based on the correlation coefficient test, a positive correlation was observed between r and stress (r = 0.431 and p = 0.001).

Students who have a higher level of self-confidence have lower levels of stress, therefore, their stress level can be reduced by strengthening students 'self-confidence, and therefore, holding courses to increase students' self-confidence. It is useful.

Assertiveness is an essential tool in communication between nurses and other members of the hospital staff as well as patients. According to studies, more assertive nurses have higher self-esteem and if they make a mistake, they have more courage in reporting the error and as a result, take timely action and prevent the repetition of similar mistakes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an assertiveness training program on nurses' assertiveness and self-esteem.

This investigation was an experimental study, conducted on two equal groups with pre-test and post-test design. The study was performed on 70 nurses from different wards of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. The assertiveness training program in the intervention group consisted of a workshop and a Intragroup session. All subjects in the two groups before, after, completed the Rathus assertiveness scale and Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaires. Data were statistically analyzed.

The intervention and control groups were similar in terms of demographic characteristics (p>0.05). Implementation of the assertiveness training program increased the level of assertiveness and self-esteem of nurses in the intervention group in all post-intervention measurements compared to before (p <0.01). However, the increase in assertiveness and self-esteem of nurses in the intervention group was not significant in any of the post-intervention episodes compared to the control group (p> 0.05).

Based on our findings, the implementation of an assertiveness training program leads to improving the assertiveness and self-esteem.Keywords: assertiveness, self-concept, nurse, Communicating assertively, self-confidence

Decisions that the nurses taking during clinical care are affecting their effectiveness in clinical performance and can affect the patient's life and his medical experience. The present study aimed to provide a clinical decision-making model based on emotional intelligence with the assumption of self-efficacy and self-confidence beliefs in the Nursing staff of Rasht Hospital. The method of this descriptive-correlational study was relying on structural equation model. The statistical population of this study was nurses in the intensive care units of Rasht hospitals, which were selected by randomized cluster sampling method, and 364 people were selected by clinical decision-making questionnaire Laureria and Salalara (2002), Bradury and Erotic Elementary Questionnaire (2005), Self-efficacy Questionnaire in Clinical Performance and Partners (2009) and Sensor-Self-confidence and 1993) confidence questionnaire. Data analysis using structural equation modeling method showed that emotional intelligence affects the clinical decision making model of nurses (P <0.01, β = 0.57); Self-efficacy beliefs affect the clinical decision making model of nurses (P <0.01), β-300) and self-esteem on the clinical decision-making model of nurses (P <0.01, β = 241). Also, self-efficacy beliefs (p <0.01, β = 186) and self-confidence (P <0.01), β-108 = 2006 mediate the effect of emotional intelligence on clinical decision making model of nurses. It is suggested that in the formulation of curriculum, self-efficacy and self-confidence beliefs are considered as the facilitating facilitating agents and the clinical performance of nursing students.

Because of competitive and stressful nature of sports, competitive anxiety occurs that leads to emotional and fleeting reactions that assess the threat of some situations and therefore influences on the athlete's performance negatively. Early studies of anxiety assumed that anxiety was one-dimensional, but researchers in multidimensional theory of anxiety have recently proposed a set of two-dimensional connections between cognitive anxiety, physical anxiety, self- confidence and performance. Cognitive anxiety is a psychological component of anxiety and is recognized by negative expectations and cognitive concerns about oneself, situations and possible consequences, while physical anxiety is a physiological and emotional component of the anxiety and is associated with arousal of the autonomic nervous system. In addition, sports self-confidence is defined as the degree of confidence of individuals about their abilities and the challenges they face in order to succeed in sports. Many researchers have considered the study of competitive anxiety in the field of sports psychology due to its direct and threatening effects on the sports performance and success.In the past years, the science of sports psychology has used cognitive-behavioral methods to improve athletes' competitive performances. Recently, psychologists have stated that avoiding and suppression of negative thoughts has increased unwanted cognitive activity and therefore impaired their optimal execution.In this regard, the mindfulness approach has recently been used as an alternative strategy for practicing traditional mental skills.This approach is clearly different from the traditional practice approaches of mental skills, both in terms of theoretical assumptions and also intervention strategies. Although in many studies, the effectiveness of mindfulness trainings has been shown on many variables including exercise performance, flow, worry, thoughts unrelated to the tasks and physiological factors, but the results of the studies are contradictory.According to the current weakness of existing interventions and the inconsistencies associated with the role of traditional mental skills training and also the role of new interventions on the levels of competitive anxiety and self-confidence in the professional athletes, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of six weeks of mindfulness-based cognitive intervention on the competitive anxiety levels and self-confidence of adolescent shooting athletes.

The present study is a quasi-experimental using a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study who were voluntarily invited to take part in the study included all male shooters (guns and pistols) in Yazd province. All athletes had at least two years of regular shooting activity and experience in provincial and national competitions. After selecting the eligible individuals based on the questionnaire and explaining the purpose of the present study, 16 subjects were randomly divided into two groups, mindfulness intervention group and the control group. The subjects in the experimental group took part in six specified training sessions during six weeks (one session of 75-90 minutes per week).The Competitive Sports Anxiety Inventory-2 (Martens et al, 1990) was used to evaluate the research variables. The physical anxiety, cognitive anxiety and self-confidence subscales with Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.85, 0.75 and 0.83, respectively, show the high reliability of mentioned questionnaire. In this study, Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine the normality of the data. Also independent t-test was used to compare self-confidence, physical and cognitive anxiety in the control and experimental groups. In all tests, the confidence level was considered 0.05.

First, the assumption of normality of measured variables was checked using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The results of the test showed that the distribution of data in the study groups is normal (P≤0.05). Also, the comparison of pre-test scores between two groups did not show a significant difference (P≤0.05), which indicated that the groups were homogeneous. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, the data of CSAI-2 questionnaire of two groups, in the post-test, were compared using independent t-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between two groups in the variables of cognitive anxiety and self-confidence (P≤0.05). However, there was no significant difference between two groups in the physical anxiety variable (P≥0.05).

The results showed that there is a significant difference between two groups in the variables of cognitive anxiety and self-confidence. Due to an increase in the negative emotions caused by anxiety and stress in the sports situations, these factors can increase the negative interpretations in athletes. Based on the assumption that unwanted thoughts are the core of anxiety and excitement, mindfulness actually makes the person less focused on repetitive thought patterns. Therefore, athletes can control their anxiety. The findings of the present study on the positive effectiveness of mindfulness approach on the reducing cognitive anxiety in athletes are in line with the findings of previous studies that showed that mindfulness reduces anxiety symptoms, pessimism and negative thoughts before competition. The finding showed that physical anxiety did not differ significantly before and after the intervention. There is a possibility that subjects couldn’t reflect emotions through a questionnaire. Also, in explaining on the distinction between the reducing physical and cognitive anxiety, (Martens, 1990) has demonstrated that physical and cognitive anxiety are affected in different ways. Cognitive anxiety has a direct and negative relationship with performance and should be minimal, while physical anxiety has an inverted U-shape relationship with performance and should be moderate. The posttest results showed a significant difference of self-confidence between two groups. Self-confidence means the ability to promote positive thoughts and self-efficacy in competition. As regards cognitive anxiety has decreased, therefore self-confidence has increased. In general, the differences between the present study and others may be due to the nature of their intervention, the location, duration and the type of programs, and so on. Since the research sample was limited to young male shooters, so the generalization of the results of this study should be followed with caution. According to the innovation and importance of this topic, the researchers should evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions on the competitive anxiety levels and Self-confidence of athletes in the other sports as well.

Physical activity is a way to help people to acquire skills, knowledge and positive attitudes towards optimal growth, gaining general health and living happy moments. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of general physical education classes on personality traits and mental well-being of female students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.

The present study is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design and a control group. The target population included all female medical students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The participants of the experimental group were selected from among the students who had taken the one-credit general physical education course while the participants of the control group had not taken the general physical education course. The students completed the Berne Reuters Personality Questionnaire and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in two stages (first semester and end of semester). The general classes of the experimental group were conducted for 12 weeks and each week a 90-minute session was held from 8.30 am to 10 am. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis and analysis of covariance.

The results showed that general physical education classes had a significant effect on all six personality traits studied and the students' mental well-being (happiness) (P=0.001). This period increased the traits of self-confidence, sociability and excellence and decreased the traits of nervousness, introversion and self-being of the participants and also increased the mental well-being of the experimental group (p<0.05).

Doing sports activities promotes personality traits and students' mental well-being.

The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychological and educational basis of the formation of social behavior (responsibility) in adolescents aged 12-18 years through an interventional and experimental method. The statistical population of the present study consists of all students aged 12-18 years old in Sari city, who were selected by simple random sampling, 50 people (25 people as the experimental group and 25 people as the control group). The tools of data collection were Wayland's social development questionnaire, parenting styles questionnaire made by the researcher and school officials' evaluation forms from the students, which were given to the target sample before and after the training classes. The analysis of the collected data was done using the parametric inferential statistics method of two independent groups. The results of the research indicate that a significant difference was observed between the two groups of teenagers in terms of the level of motivation in teenagers and their self-confidence in the occurrence of social behavior, and also between the different parenting methods of the parents in the occurrence of the mentioned social behavior between the two A significant difference was observed between the groups.

The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychological and educational basis of the formation of social behavior (responsibility) in adolescents aged 12-18 years through an interventional and experimental method. The statistical population of the present study consists of all students aged 12-18 years old in Sari city, who were selected by simple random sampling, 50 people (25 people as the experimental group and 25 people as the control group). The tools of data collection were Wayland's social development questionnaire, parenting styles questionnaire made by the researcher and school officials' evaluation forms from the students, which were given to the target sample before and after the training classes. The analysis of the collected data was done using the parametric inferential statistics method of two independent groups. The results of the research indicate that a significant difference was observed between the two groups of teenagers in terms of the level of motivation in teenagers and their self-confidence in the occurrence of social behavior, and also between the different parenting methods of the parents in the occurrence of the mentioned social behavior between the two A significant difference was observed between the groups.

Universities are responsible for nurturing nurses who have clinical skills and confidence. Self-confidence is one of the main components of clinical work and, nursing students have more efficient self-confidence. This review study aimed to find strategies for self-confidence improvement in nursing students.

To conduct this review study initially, using the keywords self-confidence, professional self-confidence and the self-confidence of nursing students in Persian and English, separately and in combination, between 2008 and 2018, a total of 1536 articles were obtained from Medline, CINAHL, ProQuest, Ovid and Science Direct databases. The full text of the articles was reviewed for inclusion and exclusion criteria and finally, 16 articles were selected for the final analysis.

The findings indicated the efficacy of the short-term educational program on self-confidence skills of baccalaureate nursing students. Studies have shown that students demonstrate greater abilities in terms of knowledge, critical thinking, clinical understanding, or satisfaction upon simulation-based learning.

Simulation-based nursing educational interventions have strong and special educational effects in the field of psychology, especially in promoting the self-confidence of nursing students. Therefore, due to its positive effect on studentschr('39') self-confidence, this method is proposed as a superior educational method in nursing students.

Self-confidence is an individual characteristic in students that enables them to have a positive or realistic view of themselves. The purpose of present study was to evaluate the validity and psychometric properties of the Self-confidence Questionnaire (PEI)

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 students of four medical universities. Validation of this questionnaire included the steps of translation, content validity, face validity, repeatability and internal consistency.

The mean age of the participants in this study was 32.1 (SD = 5.5) years. The majority of the students were postgraduate students (47%) and the least (11%) were undergraduate students. The results of this study showed that the overall relevancy and clarity of the questions were 92% and 83%, respectively. The percentage of agreement on overall comprehensiveness was 100%. Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient and interclass correlation coefficient were higher than 0.7 in all domains. The ICC of each question was also between 0.72 and 0.98.

Based on the results of this study, the Persian version of the PEI questionnaire has an appropriate reliability for use in the student population of Iranian universities.

Investigation of physical activity level and factors affecting the physical activity pattern are very important among students. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between self confidence and physical activity level in elementary school female students in Bojnourd city.

This research was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study conducted during the academic year of 2018. The study population consisted of all elementary school female students in Bojnourd city. 335 students have been randomly selected among 2314 elementary students. Eysenck questionnaire was used to measure self confidence. In addition, some questions were asked about the level and amount of activity students. Descriptive Statistical methods, T-tests, and ANOVA were used for data analysis.

Data analysis showed that 31.34% of  students had very low self confidence, 59.10% of them had acceptable level of self confidence, and only 9.55% of students had very good self- confidence. A comparison of the physical activity level of students in terms of self confidence showed that the level of physical activity in high self confidence students are Significantly more than those with low and medium self confidence (p <0/01).
Discussion and

The results indicated that the physical activity level was not sufficient among female students. Therefore, it is necessary to have an education plan to educate female students regarding life style modification.

Approaching to the end of the fiscal year, the working stress of auditors becomes doubled so that it places a lot of pressure on auditors’ minds regarding their self-control. In fact, this issue provides an opportunity to make the judgment and decision-making of auditors influenced.

This study is correlational in terms of its application and data collection. The sample consisted of 98 auditors working in audit firms. Harley’s self-control ego depletion was measured using Stroop effect test. Also, the quality of judgment scale, Hurrt professional skepticism and self-confidence scale were administered in this research.

The results indicate that self-control ego depletion affects professional skepticism and quality of judgment of auditors significantly and negatively, but it has no significant impact on their self-confidence.

According to the results, audit firms and auditors’ employers are advised to refrain from putting pressure on auditors in a short period of time. Also, it is suggested that some meetings would be held for auditors and teach the peace of mind to them, hence they can reduce their fatigue while working.

In hospitals, it is usually practice with patients presenting in cardiac arrest for family members to be taken outside of the resuscitation room; And family members are informed about the patient’s situation periodically by a team member. One of the issues discussed in many countries, including Iran, is the presence of family during resuscitation, which is not seriously implemented in Iran. Nurses' self-confidence is considered to be one of the effective factors in accepting and implementing this process by nurses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the work experience of emergency nurses and their confidence during the family presence of patients while resuscitation.

This study was carried out in 7 teaching hospitals of Tabriz during three months (June to August 2019). For this purpose, 140 nurses were selected through stratified random sampling method. Nurses' demographic and self-confidence questionnaires about family presence during resuscitation were used.

The mean score of the participants’ age was 30.87±7.05. The majority of nurses was female and had a bachelorette degree in nursing. About half of the nurses (46.42%) had less than 5 years of work experience.  However, the mean confidence scores of nurses were 52.91±12.69 which was in a moderate level. Nurses with more work experience, had higher levels of self-confidence. This is while nurses with less than 5 years of work experience  had less self -confidence than nurses with 11-20 years (P = 0.025 and F =3.200) of work experience.

According to the findings of this study it can be stated that nurses who have higher levels of self-confidence are more prepared for family presence during resuscitation. Therefore, it is recommended that nursing and hospital managers engage highly experienced and confident nurses in the emergency departments in order to provide family centered care more effectively.

Self-confidence and self-efficacy are two important factors for improving the clinical competence of paramedical students. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of presenting surgical case report on self-confidence and clinical self-efficacy of operating room students.

This is a semi-experimental study of two-group, which was conducted on 60 operating room students at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Students were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups using easy sampling method. In the experimental group, case-report peresentation was performed on the day of surgery and presented daily during the course of the training. Pre-test and post-test were performed by clinical self-efficacy and self-confidence questionnaires in two groups before and after the intervention. Statistical tests were t-test, paired t test, chi-square test and Mann–Whitney.

The mean of self-efficacy and self-confidence before intervention was not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). mean and standard deviation of self-efficacy after intervention in the experimental group were (42.18±8.27) that was significantly higher than control group (34.31±18.90) (P<0.05) (t=2.09). Also, the mean and standard deviation of self-esteem after intervention in the experimental group were (20.53±5.27) that was significantly higher than control group (15.30±8.70) (P<0.05) (t=2.82).

The results indicate that reporting the surgical procedures and presenting them during the internship period has improved clinical self-efficacy and confidence of operating room students. Accordingly, applying educational aids can improve clinical performance.

  Primary care providers (PCP), including family physicians, and family healthcare providers have more frequent contact with patients, compared to dentists. Therefore, it would be efficient to engage them in oral health promotion programs. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate primary care providers and the physicians’ self-confidence in terms of oral health care and the prevention of oral diseases and the associated factors. In this cross-sectional study, a self-administered questionnaire was sent to all PCPs (n=680) and physicians (n=220) working at seven health centers in Tehran. The questionnaire consisted of items, such as oral health knowledge, background information, and oral health behavior (OHB). Two items sought information about the self-confidence of PCPs and physicians regarding dental caries diagnosis and offering advice on oral health. The data were analyzed using logistic regression. The mean ages of the physicians and PCPs were 39±8/0 and 37±8/0, respectively. Out of 34, the oral health knowledge scores of the physicians and PCPs were 18.2±4.5 and 17.2±4.5, respectively. 34% of the physicians and 27% of the PCPs showed self-confidence in terms of dental caries diagnosis. With regard to offering advice on oral health, 32% and 34% of the physicians and PCPs provided the patients with oral health counselling, respectively.The higher levels of self-confidence in terms of dental caries diagnosis and oral health counselling with parents obtained in physicians who had the higher scores of oral health knowledge (P>0.05). The PCPs working in deprived areas (P>0.001) or those with higher OHB scores revealed to be more confident (P>0.05). In spite of the fact that oral health is an essential component of primary care, physicians and PCPs revealed the lower levels of self-confidence in this regard. Therefore, it is essential to provide physicians and PCPs with appropriate OHB and self-confidence training which leads to the improvement of community oral health