جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "خود کنترلی" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Fire safety in healthcare centers is crucial due to the limited evacuation capacity of the occupants and the necessity of not disrupting the operation in these centers. In this study, the fire risk of a public hospital was evaluated using the Fire Risk Assessment Method for Engineering (FRAME). Additionally, the factors affecting fire safety in the hospital were analyzed quantitavely, and fire control strategies were presented. 

First, the fire risk assessment checklist was filled in all the hospital departments. Then, the values of the factors affecting fire safety were obtained. In the next step, the fire risk for the building, occupants and activities were estimated using Excel software-FRAME. Finally, control strategies and intervention measures were presented based on the value of these factors. 

In the hospital under study, 22% of the departments posed an undesirable fire risk to the building and its property. On the other hand, 90% of the departments had risk levels that were undesirable for the occupants. The results of the initial risk (R0) showed that a balance between potential fire risk and risk acceptance can be established by implementing manual fire extinguishing systems and automatic detectors in all departments. 

ased on the condition of the hospital studied, a balance between potential fire risk level and risk acceptance level was not established. Therefore, there is a need for fire control measures, especially fire safety measures for the occupants. The results of this study can be useful for readers and experts in interpreting fire risk assessments and presenting detailed control measures based on the risk assessment and the value of the parameters.

According to the report of the World Health Organization (WHO), almost one-third of the world’s population is infected with tuberculosis (TB). The delay in TB diagnosis, in addition to increasing mortality, can increase the duration of disease transmission. This study aims to identify the factors affecting the early detection of smear-positive pulmonary TB in Patients in Qom Province, Iran.

In this case-control study, 120 patients with smear-positive pulmonary TB (60 with a diagnosis delayed for more than three months and 60 with a timely diagnosis) diagnosed from 2018 to 2021 in Qom Province participated. To determine the factors effective in early diagnosis of pulmonary TB, the odds ratio of each factor was calculated, and logistic regression analysis was used for data analysis.

The prescription of the sputum test at the first visit had the most significant effect on the early diagnosis of pulmonary TB (odds ratio=161, P<0.001). The TB in patients who visited the clinics and those visited by general practitioners was diagnosed with a higher delay. The lack of knowledge of existing TB diagnosis and treatment services in health centers had increased the diagnosis delay by 2.3. Occupation, gender, and place of residence were not found to be effective factors.

It seems that most doctors in Iran neglect to prescribe a sputum test for patients suspected of pulmonary TB and only prescribe chest x-rays. Training and informing doctors, private medical centers, and pharmacies in referring patients suspected of pulmonary TB to the health centers where the patients live can cause timely diagnosis of pulmonary TB.

Among all institutions, organizations and social facilities, the family has a significant role and importance. All those who have thought about the organization of society have emphasized the family and its vital importance for society. In fact, no society can claim health if it does not have healthy families, and there is certainly no social harm that arises regardless of the influence of the family. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to provide prediction of extramarital relationships based on personality traits and attachment styles mediated by self-control, conflict management and forgiveness. According to Doodle and Kasenki (2018), the source of marital conflict can be due to social contexts that include changes in people's relationships for various reasons, including changes in knowledge, attitudes and insights gained through different and social changes, or differences. Perception created in couples, which includes seeing the situation differently to start and continue life from the couple, these perceptual differences are due to learning and training that the person willingly or unwillingly understands and receives. Conflict management can be a predictor of many processes in couples communication. Because extramarital affairs is one of the most critical issues that couples face and because infidelity undermines the most basic component of the marital relationship which is trust. Therefore, it leaves huge destructive effects on the life of the couple. In the meantime, most of all, the spouse who has been betrayed and betrayed will be harmed and will cause mental health disorders and loss of emotional and behavioral balance, as well as the problems of divorce and the breakdown of marital life. Sense of revenge, psychological harm to children is one of the consequences of betrayal. Looking at the background of studies on extramarital relationships, it can be seen that in Iran, little research has been done directly on extramarital relationships, including gender differences in committing extramarital relationships and its underlying factors in Iran due to cultural and social factors. The family is one of the most important social systems based on marriage between the opposite sex. Maintaining and maintaining a family is very important, and since extramarital affairs or infidelity have become one of the social problems in recent years, addressing the root causes and the gap between them can have effective benefits for couples .Therefore, the aim of the present study is to answer the question of what is the predictive model of extramarital relationships based on personality traits and attachment styles mediated by self-control, conflict management and forgiveness?

The statistical population of this study is all married men and women who referred to family counseling centers under the supervision of Kermanshah Welfare Organization in 1397-1396. According to statistics obtained from the Welfare Organization, their number was about 420 people. The sampling method was census. The type of this research is descriptive-survey, based on applied purpose and in terms of quantitative analysis. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, correlation tests and structural equations have been developed.

The results showed that personality traits and attachment styles predict self-control, conflict management and forgiveness of extramarital relationships. The value of RFI or relative fit index obtained is 0.936, the value of IFI or incremental fit index obtained is 0.983, and the value of CFI or comparative fit index obtained is 0.986, which indicates the optimal fit of the model. The value of RMSEA or the root mean square of the estimation error obtained is 0.028, which is favorable considering the standard value of less than 0.05. The value of PNFI or parsimony normalized index is equal to 0.734, the value of PCFI or parsimonious adaptive fit index is equal to 0.792, the value of PRATIO or parsimony ratio is equal to 0.625 and more than 0.5 and shows the favorable condition of the model.

It is suggested that a general evaluation to identify the factors affecting marital satisfaction and the tendency to extramarital relationships, according to its role in the lives of individuals, as a factor for the development of societies, to form a strong family foundation and progress. Society to use it. Mental health is a science focused on promoting welfare, social welfare, and life health which is related to all periods (pre-birth to death) and aspects of life (family environments, school, university, appointment, and society). Besides physiological needs, human beings have emotional, moral, religious, instructional, and directional needs and healthy life is produced through fulfilling these needs and maintaining balance between them.  Personality is a collection   of   mental   characteristics   that consistently    exists    in    individuals    and influences their behaviors and thoughts. In other  words,  individuals’  personality  is  a combination  of  mental  characteristics  that are  used  for  determining  the  position  of that  individual  in  classifications. Self-control is one of the unique personality characteristics that varies from one person to another. That is, individuals with high levels of self-control depending on the extent of control they employ show different reactions and behaviors. In order to use this characteristic effectively, it should be nurtured because controlling excitements in social interactions is a very difficult task although researchers believe that public culture of a society effects the way individuals control themselves. Cultural psychology has confirmed that individuals are usually different with respect to their behaviors and through their particular behaviors are distinguished from each other; for instance, in most societies it is believed that only persons can have a personality who has stable, united and coherent characteristics and during time their personality remains unchanged and resists influence. Research has indicated that power of “self-control” in different periods of life ensures success. Agreement and conscientious are aspects of self-control because these factors respectively ensure the ability to “adapt” one’s behavior to other’s feelings and wishes and tolerate desires. Several limitations should be noted in the current study. First, thisstudy had a cross-sectional design which makes it difficult to draw anycausal relationship among the variables. In future, researchers mayconduct experimental or longitudinal studies to examine the mediationmodel.

Students are a very important part of young society whose awareness affects the health of family and friends. At the same time as the COVID-19 pandemic, the present study was conducted to investigate the level of Knowledge, Preventive Behaviors and Risk Perception of students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences towards COVID-19.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022. 330 students from the Kashan University of Medical Sciences were selected by random sampling method.  Data collection tools were a questionnaire including 4 sections of demographic information, awareness (15 questions) and preventive behaviors (9 questions) and risk perception (2 questions). The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for data analysis.

The knowledge of students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences about the ways of transmission, origin, symptoms, incubation period, treatment, how to diagnose, the importance of using a mask and hand hygiene has been between 60 to 98% and very good. The students' preventive behaviors towards all the mentioned items were between 65 and 95% and were very good. About half of the university students had a high risk of COVID-19.

Due to the high prevalence of this virus and the lack of completely effective medicine in the treatment of this disease, it is necessary to raise the level of awareness of students with appropriate training, so that we can see an increase in preventive behaviors and understanding of risk among students.

Preventive approach leads to reduce accident, create a safe environment, and increase productivity and protection of the workforce. The purpose of this study was to investigate safety culture and its relationship with accidents and to present strategies for promoting safety culture.

This study was a descriptive research. The statistical population of the study consisted of the staff of operating and maintenance units in Tehran’s Metro Company. A questionnaire was used as the tool for data gathering. The Cronbach's alpha was calculated to be 0.7 and its content validity was confirmed. The data were analyzed by SPSS software. All the ethical considerations were observed in this study.

The work experience of about 50.4% of the staff was less than 10 years and about 5% of the staff had at least one occupational accident. The highest and lowest correlation coefficients were found between safety culture and management commitment (0.949) and making safety a priority (0.156), respectively. The average levels of information exchange, work environment and safety culture were poor.

Based on the results, the management commitment was one of the most important factors in safety culture. The factors making safety a priority, level of information exchange and work environment were identified as the major factors reducing the safety culture score., The most effective measures for promoting the safety culture were determined to be establishing a system of independent safety proposals without threats and punishment, introducing top safety staff for technical analysis, and staff participation in safety meetings.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a dangerous viral disease with the potential for malignant genital cancers. Vaccination rates against HPV are very low in Iran and there are no plans for HPV vaccination. This study was conducted to evaluate knowledge and attitudes about HPV, health beliefs about HPV vaccination benefits, barriers, and intention to recommend HPV vaccination for girls and boys.

The study was conducted using a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire in four sections: demographic measurement, knowledge, attitude and information resources for 500 female and male students in higher education centers of the province in 1400. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the faculty members of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. Data analysis was done using logistic regression method and 95% confidence interval using SPSS software version 18. Ethical considerations were observed in all phases of the study.

There was a significant difference in knowledge and attitude of participants based on gender in women with 36.4%, postgraduate degrees in women with 16.84%, and disciplines related to medical sciences with 30.25% (P < 0.05).

Although no program has yet been presented for HPV vaccination in the province's universities, it is necessary to promote public knowledge about HPV vaccination and to explain HPV vaccination goals among young men and women by health professors.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-oriented therapy and mindfulness therapy based on the activation of spiritual-Islamic schemas on resilience and self-control. The current research is part of the semi-experimental designs with pre-test-post-test-follow-up of three groups.

socio-statistics of the present study, all couples had a child with a mental, physical-motor or mental and physical-motor disability who was covered by the welfare organization and had a file in the Life plus welfare service center of Khansar and lived in Khansar city in 1401 . In order to form three groups using the purposeful sampling method (taking into account the entry and exit criteria), first 46 people were selected and then randomly 16 people (8 couples) were in the first test group and 16 people were in the second test group and 16 people were grouped in the control group. The three groups that were formed in this way were similar and the dependent variables were measured for both experimental groups at the same time. Also, the follow-up phase was performed three months after the post-test on all three groups. The research tools included Tanji's self-control questionnaire (2004) and Connor-Davidson's resilience questionnaire (2003). The data of the research were analyzed using repeated measurement analysis of variance test.

The results of data analysis showed that mindfulness therapy and emotional therapy are effective compared to the control group (p<0.05).

Therefore, there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy based on the activation of spiritual-Islamic schema and emotion-focused therapy (EFCT) on increasing resilience and self-control.

Despite widespread efforts to reduce human error in different occupations, unsafe practices and behaviors are still the main cause of many accidents. The occurrence of medical errors in health care systems as one of the most important factors in decreasing the quality of services in this field has received much attention in recent years. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and evaluate all kinds of human error among nurses of Yazd Mother hospital.

This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was conducted at Yazd Mother hospital in 2019. All nursing duties in gynecology, infertility, emergency, neonatal intensive care, and in vitro fertilization were identified and subdivided using hierarchical task analysis (HTA) and then analyzed using SHERPA method.

The highest number of errors was in a gynecology (83), infertility (73), emergency (54), neonatal intensive care (31) and in vitro fertilization, respectively. The highest percentage of errors was related to performance in all sectors. The least frequent error was selection error.

The results of this study showed that functional errors account for a large proportion of errors, which should be the priority of control strategies in each segment for these types of errors in order to prevent such errors. The magnitude of the errors identified after the proposed control solutions in all sections indicated the fact that acceptable solutions can be achieved by applying these strategies.

Infectious diseases significantly distress the physical and mental health as well as economic conditions of the societies. Understanding how a virus spreads, especially the dynamics of an epidemic is critical in order to make proper decisions and take proper measures. System dynamics approach is a scientific and appropriate method for modeling and studying the behavior of epidemics. There are many studies on system dynamics modeling of infectious diseases in the literature. However, in case of Coronavirus, there are few extensive studies on the behavior of this outbreak especially calibrated to the actual situation in a specific region. In this study, we develop an SEIR model of Covid-19 epidemic in Iran that is actually calibrated to the real data. More Importantly Most of the previous studies are focused only on projecting the number of infected people and deaths. In this study, in addition to projecting the simulation results under different scenarios, sensitivity analysis of the influential parameters are performed. Also studying the effect of quarantine measure for patients on the results and isolating the susceptible population as two different yet indirectly connected sections is not largely considered in previous studies. The developed model in this study includes Susceptible and Exposed population, identification and quarantine of infected individuals, number of Recovered cases and Deaths. The effect of asymptomatic infected people has been included as well. The quarantine itself has been expressed by several sub-variables such as required time for a person to be quarantined, the percentage of the infected who are quarantined (testing capabilities) and the efficiency of the process. There is a same decomposition for other variables such as Isolation of susceptible population and contact rate. Contact rate is defined by sub-variables: media impact, initial contact rate and a slope which determines the increase in contact rate based on the population density.  The media Impact also starts at a minimum level and gradually reaches its maximum. This definition demonstrates the gradual growth in public awareness which improves the hygiene and social distancing commitment among the individuals. Isolation process is highly depended on economic pressure. As isolation period last longer, the more resources are required to keep people fed and healthy in isolation. A simple variable to illustrate the economic pressure is defined which based on an assumed function table limits the isolation duration and percentage of the healthy people who remain isolated. Although this relationship requires more research to indicates the economic impact more accurately it is still useful and enough in order to demonstrate a limitation for isolation process.  After developing the model, it is validated through applying it for a previous real epidemic situation of H1N1 and the results are valid. Also, running the model in extreme conditions returns the expected results. It is assumed that infectivity of the virus is constant (the virus does not mutate during the period of the study) so that through a calibration process it can be obtained based on other parameters. The asymptomatic rate (the percent of people who get exposed to the infection but do not develop any symptoms) and the incubation period (average required time for a person from getting exposed to infection until developing the symptoms) are also assumed constant. After validating the model, it is used to study the spread of Covid-19 in Iran and is calibrated to official data. This stage generates a basic simulation in which the results for target variables produce real data pattern and numbers. As the official data are usually lower than the real cases, a variable to introduce the official data is considered. The official data is a portion of the real data and this portion is a given value for the model. Having the basic calibrated model, developing scenarios and performing sensitivity analysis is the next stage. In particular, we study the impacts of people isolation as well as media, quarantine rate and other given variables on spread of the virus. We investigate and advise the required conditions for controlling the spread of the disease mainly based on the testing capabilities and quarantine of the infected people and contact rate. This study includes several sensitivity analysis for important target variables such as number of daily deaths, total deaths, daily new infected, total infected, required hospital beds and ICU rooms. This analysis is based on changes in entry factors such as quarantine of patients, contact rate, media impact, asymptomatic rate, averaged required time for quarantine, recovery time, isolation of susceptible population and quarantine efficiency. The results show that total number of death and infected are highly sensitive to changes in two key factors: Quarantine of patients and contact rate. The sensitivity of mentioned target variables to isolation of susceptible population, however, is considerably less than those two key factors. We developed several scenarios with different values of isolation rate while other variables are constant. The results indicate that in absence of either reliable quarantine measure or desired contact rate level, isolating the susceptible population will only lead to continues oscillation in the target variables unless the isolation remains for a very long time. However, in scenarios where the quarantine rate or contact rate or both are below the desired level the sensitivity of deaths or infected to isolation rate is higher. Therefore, Isolation could help in providing time for applying proper quarantine measures or to reduce contact rate to desired level. These results indicate the priority level of launching the controlling measures. Also, through performing the sensitivity analysis a minimum level of quarantine rate is obtained. The results show a required contact rate level as well. In fact for both contact rate and quarantine, a lower level than the minimum level will cause the epidemic to get out of control. Another important outcome of the study is an important guidance about the contact rate controlling policy. The results show that the contact rate should be sustained at a desired level through media and public awareness. Most models link the contact rate to the daily deaths or total deaths. We developed two scenarios where in the first one contact rate is controlled by policy making and media and in the other one it is defined based on the feedback of number of deaths. The results show that in the latter the outbreak goes out of control and takes a very long time while in the first scenario it will be controlled in an acceptable time. Therefore, although this is true that practically feedbacks from deaths influences the contact rate, the model shows that if this behavior remains uncontrolled, the epidemic will not be controlled. In a third combined scenario the results show by securing the required contact rate through public awareness and media, feedbacks from deaths could be helpful for policy makers to control the outbreak even faster. Therefore, through performing several sensitivity analysis and developing different scenarios, controlling conditions for the epidemic are obtained. There are two main requirements: first a proper testing and quarantine practice in which more than 87 percent of infected are identified and quarantined within a day and a quarantine efficiency level more than 95 percent. Secondly, contact rate must be level downed and sustained at least to the desired level through media and policy making. This is especially important because reaching and sustaining these conditions will suppress the disease and prevent the next waves of the outbreak.

One of the biggest concerns about the increasing development of the mining industries, especially in the dry and tropical regions, is their high water consumption and, consequently, the serious threat to the local water resources as well as the impacts of these industrieschr('39') pollution on the environment and other downstream water resources. Therefore, it is necessary to make appropriate decisions and take appropriate measure to manage water consumption in the mining industry. However, the presentation of any operational plan to control water use in such industries depends on the planned and scientific monitoring of water consumption over specific periods.

In this study, water consumption monitoring in the Gohar-Zamin Iron Ore Complex (Sirjan, Iran) was investigated for the first time using Shewhart statistical monitoring method. For this purpose, water consumption data of the plantchr('39')s dual processing lines were collected and organized during one year of operation to develop the control charts.

The results show that in different months of the year, water consumption can be independent of the weather conditions or the factory production. Moreover, the cumulative diagrams show that the trend of water consumption in the two lines is almost opposite to each other and each month with increasing water consumption of one line, water consumption of the other line has decreased.

To alleviate these problems, expediting the construction of tank No.2 was proposed as the best operational solution for independent water consumption of each processing line.

Prevention of complications associated with diabetes, besides the reduction of mortality and economic costs, are the most important goals of diabetes management. To achieve these goals, glycemic control, which requires education, is essential. Patients adhere to recommendations and guidelines when they have a clear understanding and perception of their disease. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of education based on illness perception on glycemic control in patients with diabetes.

This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 78 diabetic patients, referred to Quchan Clinic, Quchan, Iran. The participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention (n=38) or control (n=40) group. For data collection, the revised version of the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) was used, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level was measured before and after the intervention. The intervention group participated in two educational sessions (education based on illness perception), each lasting about 45 minutes. The subjects were assessed three months after the intervention, and the results were analyzed using SPSS version 22.

Three months after the intervention, the mean HbA1c level (9.28±1.318 vs. 8.33±1.422) and illness perception (132.53±12.971 vs. 159.47±9.772) changed significantly in the intervention group, compared to the pre-intervention phase. According to the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), the serum level of HbA1c significantly changed after the intervention, compared to the pre-intervention phase (P<0.001).

According to the present findings, the intervention could improve illness perception in diabetic patients, leading to higher glycemic control.

Lynch’s model is a new transdiagnostic model that explains the development of internalizing disorders. The present study has examined essential parts of this model regarding social phobia as an internalizing disorder. 

In this study, 521 students were recruited from three universities (Tehran University, Shahed University, and Islamic Azad University-Tehran Medical Branch) in the academic year of 2015-2016 using the convenience sampling method. They responded to the Social Phobia Inventory, Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (maladjusted perfectionism subscales), Ambivalence over Expression of emotion Questionnaire, Social Safeness and Pleasure Scale and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. Data analyzed through structural equation modeling, SPSS-22, and AMOS-22 software. 

The model showed good fit ( : 2.9, RMSEA: 0.06, CFI: 0.98, GFI: 0.98, AGFI: 0.96). According to the results, over-controlling coping style (including over-perfectionism, emotional ambivalence, interpersonal problems and lack of social safeness) mediates the relationship between parental perfectionism and social phobia (indirect effect of parental perfectionism on social phobia via over controlling: 0.35, p < /em>< 0.001). 

It seems that Lynch’s transdiagnostic model for internalizing disorders got support regarding social phobia. Accordingly, the parental maladaptive perfectionism leads to an over-controlling coping style. This coping style, in turn, leads to social phobia.

Employee exposure assessment through long-term monitoring is not feasible due to the complexity of sampling and analysis methods in all operating conditions. The use of chemical exposure risk assessment methods is an appropriate way to evaluate the exposure status of chemical workers in some situations. Of course, there is a need for special considerations to provide a comprehensive technique and to address the shortcomings of current methods such as disregard for existing control measures.

In this study, three factors influencing the risk of exposure to chemicals were considered based on the Control Banding (CB) approach, including the Health Hazard Index (HHI) indicating the inherent toxic properties of chemicals, Chemical Occupational Exposure Index (OEI) aims to show the characteristics associated with process conditions and material properties and exposure modes, as well as the Control of Effectiveness Index (CEI), taking into account the engineering and management measures that affect chemical exposure. Then, according to the above method, the risk of exposure to chemicals was investigated in Marun petrochemical Complex. 

Chemical exposure risk index (CRI) was calculated from the factors affecting exposure.Based on the findings of the study, exposure to benzene and 1,3 butadiene with a risk score of 20/01 and 14/35, respectively, obtained highest risk score in the HD unit and in the whole complex Due to the inherent hazards associated with these substances and other factors including exposure duration and poor effectiveness. Also, in all units, due to the low exposure time to chemicals, the lowest risk numbers were reported for similar exposure groups as the Boardman and the head of the unit. 

The present method can be used as a non-sophisticated and valid tool for risk assessment of occupational exposure to chemicals. Also, considering the role of control measures and their impact on risk score, this method will be able to provide a more accurate calculation of the working conditions of the personnel when exposed to chemicals.

Regarding the industrialization process, many accident control strategies have been proposed. One of the best solutions to control accidents is to improve the organizations' safety culture. The present study investigated the safety culture among profiling factory workers and implemented the Plan-Do-Check –Act (PDCA) approach to promote the safety culture.

The present study was conducted over three years from 2016 to 2019. In the first step, the safety culture of the organization was measured and then the control measures were taken with a view to the Deming Cycle and the audit process approach. In the final year, the safety culture of the organization was reevaluated. The effectiveness of interventions was evaluated by statistical tests such as paired t-test and SPSS 19 software.

The safety culture mean score was negative before intervention (±18433.62), which changed into the positive value of 279± 25.38 after implementing the control measures. Considering 10 dimensions of the safety culture, dimensions of training, employee attitudes, participation and communication, and product safety priority did not received a good score. Statistical tests showed a positive effect of control interventions (P = 0.001).

In recent years, existence of a safety management system has dramatically improved the rate of accidents and loss of time. Safety interventions in engineering design and operational processes lead to the promotion of the safety culture.

Air pollution reduction is important in health being of people and environment. Applying of an effective and efficient strategy is key consideration in facing with environmental challenges of management and control of air pollution. Recently, the main effort of environmental researchers is finding low cost and effective methods to control of environmental pollutants. Pollution prevention and control account as main techniques of pollution reduction. However, the prevention role is important than pollution control. Implementation of control practices and using of effective devices and technical equipments is necessary to achieve control strategy of pollution. One of the most important steps in air pollution control is selection the appropriate control equipment. Several factors included in selection of proper and technical equipments such as; cost, designing, efficiency, and etc. Choosing of proper control devices with lower emission rate of pollutants would result in lower destruction and environmental costs. Desired decision should be based on different criteria of socio-economic, and management. Choosing of appropriate control devices by consideration of various characteristics is complicated. Recently, one of the management challenges is selection of control devices based on the socio-economical, technical and environmental criteria. MADM models are one of the supportive decision systems applied for priority, and selection of best alternative. These methods seek for choosing the best and effective alternative by considering of multiple criteria. The aim of the present study is selection of air pollution control technologies with considering appropriate aspects of socio-economic and techno-practical criteria. Selection of suitable and effective control devices is key factor in prevention of losing human and financial capital. In this research, MADM technique based on fuzzy TOPSIS method has been used for appropriate selection of air pollution control equipment and pollution management. By literature review and cooperation of air pollution experts, common technologies in fields of air pollution included in petrochemical industries have been identified and keyed. Firstly, primarily questionnaire is prepared and then its reliability and validity were done using Lawshe's method. Five criteria including filtration efficiency, cost, maintainability, design ability and size for rating the control technologies related to air pollutants include of (NOX, SOX and CO) have been considered.  Criteria weighting has been done using Shannon entropy and Fuzzy TOPSIS technique has been applied for prioritize of indicators. Data bank of primarily questions including pollution control technologies about three categories of air pollutants (NOx, SOx, and CO) has been collected and organized to provide final questionnaire. Then, questionnaire has been distributed between expert panel with air pollution discipline to complete it. After that, the weight of study criteria (including; cost, treatment efficiency, size, maintenance, design and build up) is identified using Shannon entropy method. The answers of expert panel to questionnaire were verbal. So, there was a need to be converted as scales with analytical property. As, doing mathematical operations on descriptive qualitative variables were impossible. Therefore, descriptive variables have been converted to fuzzy scales. In this research, triangular fuzzy values have been used. Fuzzy TOPSIS technique has been applied for ranking of indicators. Accordingly, it is implemented during 7 steps including; choosing proper fuzzy scale of measurement, provide decision matrix (calculation of importance degree of each indicator for every criterion), weighting of decision matrix, normalize weighted decision matrix, determination of positive and negative fuzzy ideal responses, identify distance of each indicator, and determination of closeness coefficient of indicators to ranking indicators.   The results of study illustrate that final weighting of study's criteria based on expert panel opinions and using Shannon entropy technique is different for each pollutant (Table 1).
Table 1. Final weighting of study's criteria based on Shannon entropy technique in terms of each pollutant




No.
Final weighting for each pollutant
Cost
Size
Maintenance
Efficiency
Designing


1
Wi ( NOX)
0.212
0.063
0.047
0.378
0.300


2
Wi( SOX)
0.278
0.165
0.059
0.390
0.107


3
Wi( CO)
0.111
0.154
0.042
0.651
0.042



Fuzziness decision matrix of control technologies for three types of pollutants is given in Table 2.
Table 2. Fuzziness decision matrix of control technologies



Pollutant
Control technology
Cost
Size
Maintenance
Efficiency
Designing


NOx
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
(1.13, 1.52, 2.26)
(0.61, 0.86, 1.06)
(0.45, 0.67, 0.89)
(0.68, 0.88, 0. 99)
(0.4, 0. 61, 0. 82)


Non Selective catalytic reduction (NSCR)
(1.14, 1.48, 2.18)
(0.51, 0.75, 0.97)
(0.46, 0.73, 0.96)
(0.54, 0.74, 0.88)
(0.6, 0.83, 1)


Non- thermal plasma
(1.26, 1.64, 2.35)
(0.56, 0.78, 0.97)
(0.5, 0.7, 0.9)
(0.69, 0.88, 1)
(0.53, 0.73, 0.9)


Plasma- catalytic hybrid process
(1.12, 1.5, 2.14)
(0.55, 0.79, 1)
(0.51, 0.76, 1)
(0.73, 0.91, 1)
(0.55, 0.78, 0.96)


Scrubber
(1, 1.25, 1.76)
(0.53, 0.76, 0.99)
(0.51, 0.76, 0.98)
(0.49, 0.69, 0.86)
(0.6, 0.82, 0.98)


SOX
Scrubber
(4.67, 6.53, 8.2)
(5, 6.93, 8.6)
(4.13, 5.93, 7.47)
(6.07, 7.8, 8.93)
(5.67, 7.4, 8.6)


Catalytic
(2.53, 4.13, 5.93)
(4.33, 6.13, 7.87)
(3.93, 5.73, 7.27)
(5.93, 7.67, 8.73)
(4.33, 6.13, 7.53)


Flare
(2.87, 4.4, 6.13)
(3.4, 5.2, 6.93)
(3.27, 4.93, 6.6)
(4.6, 6.47, 8)
(4.4, 6.27, 7.73)


High Stack
(3.8, 5.2, 6.53)
(3.27, 4.73, 6.27)
(4.2, 5.8, 7.13)
(3.07, 4.57, 6.14)
(4, 5.53, 6.87)


Active carbon
(2.6, 4.2, 6)
(4.13, 5.93, 7.6)
(3.27, 4/.93, 6.73)
(4.47, 6.07, 7.6)
(4.4, 6.13, 7.67)


CO
Non- thermal plasma
(2.73, 4.27, 5.93)
(3.87, 5.8, 7.53)
(4.27, 6, 7.67)
(7, 8.73, 9.73)
(4.87, 6.8, 8.4)


Plasma- catalytic hybrid process
(3.2, 4.87, 6.6)
(4.33, 6.33, 8.07)
(4.27, 6.13, 7.87)
(6.87, 8.53, 9.6)
(5.07, 6.8, 8.2)


Flare
(3.33, 4.87, 6.47)
(3.13, 4.87, 6.73)
(3.4, 5.07, 6.73)
(4.33, 6.07, 7.6)
(4.13, 5.73, 7.13)


High Stack
(3.07, 4.6, 6.2)
(2.93, 4.6, 6.47)
(4.2, 5.93, 7.53)
(2.93, 4.4, 6.07)
(4.4, 6, 7.4)


Scrubber
(4.07, 5.87, 7.47)
(4.4, 6.27, 7.8)
(3.8, 5.47, 7.07)
(5.53, 7.07, 8.13)
(5.07, 6.67, 8)


After weighting of decision matrix it has been normalized and then positive and negative fuzzy ideal answers are determined. Then, distance of each indicator has been identified and closeness coefficient of indicators is reported to ranking of control technologies based on pollutant type (Table 3).
Table 3. Priority of selected optimum technologies for air pollution treatment in present study 



Control technology of NOx
+D
-D
CCi
Rank
Control technology of SOx
+D
-D
CCi
Rank
Control technology of CO
+D
-D
CCi
Rank


Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
0.104
0.143
0.5782
4
Scrubber
0.272
0.201
0.4254
4
Non- thermal plasma
0.011
0.313
0.9657
1


Non Selective catalytic reduction (NSCR)
0.102
0.142
0.5808
3
Catalytic
0.038
0.435
0.9194
1
Plasma- catalytic hybrid process
0.022
0.302
0.9316
2


Non- thermal plasma
0.046
0.199
0.8129
1
Flare
0.172
0.304
0.6384
3
Flare
0.217
0.108
0.3327
4


Plasma- catalytic hybrid process
0.054
0.189
0.7769
2
High Stack
0.382
0.098
0.2049
5
High Stack
0.313
0.011
0.0341
5


Scrubber
0.181
0.063
0.2584
5
Active carbon
0.123
0.351
0.7407
2
Scrubber
0.138
0.211
0.6049
3





As we can see from Table 3, Cold plasma technology with closeness coefficient of 0.8129 was identified as the most appropriate filtration technology for treatment of NOX pollutant at the petrochemical industry. It has been choose as proper and selective option due to selective and effective treatment efficiency of this technology for NOx pollutant, very low energy consumption and safe performance of reactor because of very low amperage. Plasma- catalytic hybrid process has been selected as secondary priority because of costly selective catalyst and also generation of unwanted byproducts. Catalytic based methods with closeness coefficient of 0.9194 possess higher ranking for SOX control compared to other techniques and carbon active technology placed at the secondary rank. The main reasons in catalytic priority are high efficiency, availability of absorbent chemical materials, easy and low cost of designing and build up that technology. In priority of control technologies for CO removal, non- thermal plasma technology with closeness coefficient of 0.9679 has been identified as the best technology and plasma catalytic hybrid process placed at the next priority. It has been known that one dimensional attitude to proper decision-making process is inefficient. Also, comprehensive considerations in management methods to make appropriate decisions are undeniable. Fuzzy TOPSIS technique is a reliable method to achieve effective and efficient technology based on different and multiple criteria. Selection of appropriate control equipment using multi attribute decision making methods and consideration of multiple criteria using Fuzzy TOPSIS method are possible. In present study, selection of appropriate control technologies using Fuzzy TOPSIS technique is addressed for some pollutants including NOX, SOX and CO. Recognition, prioritize, and selection of proper technologies with low cost and effective performance in field of environmental pollution control according to effective criteria are undeniable requirements of optimum consumption of project's resources. Thus, new designs of control technologies with emphasize on effective efficiency should be identified. Multi attribute decision making method known as efficient tool in this subject. It is applied for prioritize treatment technologies with low uncertainty especially, in petrochemical industries with high level of some considerations including; socio-economic, techno-operational, and environmental.

Nowadays, the ability to communicate with employees has become an essential skill in providing and supporting organizational performance and survival of the organization. But managers have a weak performance while confronting early activities of relationship management. This has led to the reduction of the productivity of the organization and the inability to compete in national and international arenas. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the correlation between interactional management and organizational performances of the staff of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.
The present study was a descriptive one. 150 office workers of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, with a job history for at least five years, participated in this study in 2016. For data collection, two questionnaires of measurement of the relationship between managers and employees and employees’ organizational performance were used. The obtained data were analyzed using t-test and one way ANOVA.
The results of the Pearson’s correlation test indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between managerial relationship and organizational performance (r=0.759, p According to the results, it can be concluded that improving staff-management relationship brings an increase in the organizational performance of the staff.

Attachment Styles as mechanisms to regulate emotions can determine anger patterns in childhood and adolescence because adult attachment patterns also remain. Lack of Anger self-control not only would lead to interpersonal problems but also can cause a variety of physical and psychological problems.
The present research has been done to study the mediator role of self-control in relation with Attachment Styles and anger. The research is a kind of correlative studies which is considered as structural equations. The statistical population of the research consisted of all secondary school students in the city of Ilam. 235 girl students were selected as the sample with cluster sampling. The research instruments include adult styles of interest (RAAS), Tangeny self-control (2004), and Anger Scale (STAXI-2). Structural equation modeling was used to assess the proposed model.
Findings: The results demonstrate that there is a significant relationship among Attachment Styles of self-control and anger PDiscussion & Conclusively, having an eye on the results of the research and clarifying the relationships and the role of the Attachment Styles and self-control to predict student anger, it is suggested that special training programs be available to professionals in the field of education and the family

Hospital personnel are exposed to various occupational hazards because of their job circumstances. The aim of this study is to investigate the ergonomic problems of hospital from the perspective of human-system interface technology and to recommend the strategies for improvement.
In this qualitative study, the conceptual framework of hospital ergonomic problems was extracted through the literature review from the perspective of human-system interface technology. Eighteen staffs and experts were participated in the semi-structured interview and focus group discussion according to the conceptual framework. Theme analysis was used to extract the ergonomic problems and their corresponding solutions.
In total, 14 ergonomic problems were categorized based on a human-system interface framework. Their corresponding solutions were extracted based on the hierarchy of controls, including elimination and substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls and PPE.
Some of the ergonomic problems related to working posture, shift work, workload, job satisfaction and personal relationships are more important problems. The control framework extracted from this study can be used to reduce the ergonomic problems and to recommend the strategies for improvement.

Nowadays, eating fast food among youth is one of the health issues in Iran as well as other countries around the world, and nearly one-third of these people eat such food. This study was meant to evaluate attitudes, normative and control beliefs as well as self-efficacy of students regarding consumption of fast food among students of Hamadan University of medical sciences. This is a descriptive-analytic and cross-sectional study which was carried out on 250 students in 2012. Students completed a researcher-made questionnaire that its reliability and validity were certified. Data were collected and were analyzed using SPSS 16. There seen a significant correlation between students’ attitudes with their type of diet and living place. Moreover, normative beliefs had significant correlations with gender and education of students. Also, there found a significant correlation between self-efficacy of students with their age and gender. Indeed, females more like to eat fast food than males. Control beliefs showed no relations with any of the studied variables. Data from this study indicates that fast food consumption is high among dormitory residents and males represents the need to correct the attitudes and beliefs in relation to fast food consumotion among students.