جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Spiritual health is defined as an inner and satisfying feeling of being constructive with oneself and others and a feeling of superiority in the specific cultural framework of each society, which means life and death. On the other hand, self-efficacy is one of the results of self-confidence and self-mastery, which always has valuable results in the behavior and performance of people in different fields, especially in the field of treatment and medicine. Based on the evidence, spiritual health, and self-efficacy have a close relationship with cooperation, so the belief in self-efficacy and spirituality can cause it to be in the level of utilization and quality of self-efficacy. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between spiritual health and self-efficacy of medical interns at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.

The method of this research is descriptive of the correlation type and the statistical population of the research includes all medical interns (320 people) studying at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 1402. 176 internship students participated in this study. After obtaining permission, all samples were informed about the purpose of the research. To collect information, Palutzian's (1982) spiritual health questionnaire, which includes 10 religious health questions and 10 existential health questions, and Sherer's (1982) self-efficacy questionnaire, which has 17 items, were used. This scale measures three aspects of behavior, which include: the desire to initiate the behavior, the desire to try harder to complete the task, and resistance to facing obstacles. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire have been proven to be 79% in Barati Bakhtiari's research and 73% in Malek Shahi et al.'s research. The information obtained by Pearson's correlation coefficient method and stepwise regression of the measured item and independent t-test to compare spiritual health and self-efficacy in sex. Male and female were used.

According to demographic data, among the 176 people who entered our study, 103 (58.5%) were male and 73 (41.5%) were female. In this research, 12 people (6.8 percent) had high spiritual health and only 6 people (3.4 percent) had low spiritual health. In general, the students' spiritual scores vary between 30 and 114, and the average was 78.71±34.16. 146 people (84.4%) had high self-efficacy 25 people (14.5%) had medium self-efficacy and finally, only 2 people (1.2%) had low self-efficacy. The self-efficacy score of the participants in the present study is between 0 and 85 with an average of 60.11±12.38. There is a significant relationship between the religious part and the existential part of spiritual health with self-efficacy (P=0.001 and P<0.000, respectively). In addition, the results of the independent t-test showed that the spiritual health of female interns is higher than that of men. However, in the self-efficacy component, female interns scored lower than male interns.

Considering the meaningful correlation between spiritual health and self-efficacy, it is appropriate to design spiritual education through the elements of spiritual curriculum in educational curricula, which will lead to the development of all-round learning. In medical education, to improve the level of self-efficacy of interns, it is possible to use the strengthening of the belief base, and it is also suggested to hold training courses to improve spiritual well-being and self-efficacy beliefs along with providing appropriate educational content.

Background &

Clinical education is one of the critical stages of medical education, which plays a major role in shaping the professional capabilities of learners. Due to the importance of this, practical medical education has undergone significant changes in the last two decades and has gone towards the expansion of clinical skills training centers. The main goal of clinical skills training centers is to simulate a clinical environment so that clinical skills training can be controlled and practiced. Obviously, these centers only complement the real clinical environment and do not replace it in any way. Planning for teaching, training during the clinical encounter, and reflection on the clinical experience. Skills training in the skills center leads to learning the standard "procedure". It becomes "skill performance". Learning clinical skills in the clinical skills training section provides an opportunity for students to practice their clinical skills in a simulated educational situation that is designed and equipped to learn a number of basic skills. Develop through training on mannequins and their attached equipment as part of an organized program. In response to the changes made in the way of education, the clinical skills section provides an opportunity for students of medical sciences to practice their clinical and communication skills in a calm and controlled environment by using a variety of teaching aids, models, and mannequins. to increase The clinical skills learning center provides an opportunity for medical students to practice their clinical and communication skills in a calm and controlled environment by using a variety of teaching aids, models, and mannequins, before entering the increase scientific environment. Based on a survey about the satisfaction of the students with the clinical skills center, 90% believed that the clinical skills center actually creates a link between theoretical content and practical skills. Self-efficacy is defined as a motivational factor that activates, empowers, maintains, and guides behavior towards the goal. Self-efficacy is one of the key variables in Bandura's cognitive-social theory. Self-efficacy beliefs refer to the feeling of self-esteem and self-worth, the feeling of sufficiency and efficiency in dealing with life. Self-efficacy plays a vital role in improving clinical issues such as fearlessness, depression, social skills, and self-expression. Self-efficacy is one of the most important components of achieving success and reconciliation and it is placed in the field of positive psychology. People with high self-efficacy can be more involved in challenging situations. With their curiosity, they can use appropriate solutions to solve their problems and show more perseverance to solve academic problems. From the researcher's point of view, our current universities have not yet been able to effectively introduce their scientific findings, especially in medical sciences, into the field of simulation in educational affairs. Therefore, in order for students to benefit as much as possible from the scientific potentials of the clinical skills training center of the country, it is necessary to follow up the equipment of the clinical skills training centers in a more serious manner, which requires the identification of the factors It is effective on teaching clinical skills in research projects of universities of medical sciences. On the other hand, due to the fact that many ideas of researchers in various fields are left unused on the shelves of libraries and that the energy of these people is wasted on creating knowledge that cannot be properly used in practice, this shortcoming causes students and researchers to be disappointed. The creation of knowledge and in some cases the spread of science is beyond the borders of the country; According to the above, the aim was to study the effect of clinical skills training on academic self-efficacy in students and assistants of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.

This study was conducted with a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative). A semi-structured interview was used in the qualitative approach. The statistical population in the qualitative section was 29 professors of medical sciences universities in the first region with a doctorate degree and the academic rank of associate professor or higher, and based on the saturation law, 14 people were determined and selected as a statistical sample. In the quantitative part, 312 people were selected as a statistical sample among the 1665 graduate students and assistants of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences based on Cochran's formula. The research tool included a researcher-made clinical skill training questionnaire and Farman's (2015) self-efficacy questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS21 and PLS software.

The results showed that clinical skill training has become significant in self-efficacy at the level of 0.95.

In general, it can be concluded that by focusing on clinical skills training, the self-efficacy level of graduate students and assistants can be improved, therefore it is important to pay attention to clinical skills training. One of the limitations of the present study is the problem of communicating with some professors of the university and determining the time required to conduct the interview, as well as the low interest of some samples to participate in the research process and complete the questionnaires of the quantitative stage of the research, as well as due to the current conditions. The ruler of the society pointed out that due to the epidemic of Covid-19, the process of distributing and collecting questionnaires was accompanied by many time and place restrictions, although the distribution and collection of some questionnaires were in virtual space and online. According to the results, it is suggested that the members of the academic staff and the program coordinators of the higher education system should familiarize themselves with the basics of educational strategies and techniques and how to teach and strengthen them in students in educational courses. Therefore, professors can use methods based on educational technology and cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies to improve the academic progress and self-efficacy of students. Also, the training of practical clinical skills should be given serious attention by the officials of the universities of medical sciences, and sufficient intellectual, human, and material investment should be made in this field.

The purpose of this study was to provide a model for recruiting and retaining human resources of medical sciences universities in Mazandaran province under the conditions of the epidemic of the disease of covid-19.

The current research was a mixed type of research. The statistical population of the qualitative section included 25 human resources experts from Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, who were selected by a purposeful random method using a snowball sampling method. The statistical community of the quantitative department included 600 senior expert managers in the field of human resources at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 148 of whom were selected as the statistical sample of the quantitative department from a random sampling. To collect information, a semi-structured interview tool and a questionnaire obtained from the interview were used.

According to the research results, 2 general dimensions of attracting and maintaining human resources were identified. Also, 11 components were identified, out of a total of 62 identified indicators, 17 indicators were assigned to recruitment and 45 indicators were assigned to human resources maintenance, and the value of the GOF index equal to 0.669 was obtained, which is suitable.

In general, it can be stated that the senior management of medical sciences universities must pay attention to the categories that are effective in maintaining human resources so as not to face a shortage of human resources.

In expressing the relationship between servant leadership and knowledge sharing, it should be said that despite the comprehensiveness of the concept of servant leadership style within the organization, there is little research on its relationship with knowledge sharing and social capital in organizations. It doubles the research in this area. In expressing the relationship between servant leadership and social capital, it should be said that servant leadership style can affect all aspects of social capital; In other words, by creating mutual trust and influence in followers and modeling, empowering followers, creating their competence and merit, increase the social capital of the organization. In other words, one of the factors affecting the level of social capital is the type of leadership style adopted by managers. In fact, leaders can grow people by adopting a service-oriented leadership style and investing in people by building trust between themselves and their followers, serving them, and sacrificing personal interests against them in the organization's decisions and missions. Through spiritual nourishment, involvement of followers in organizational affairs, giving responsibility to the followers with authority and being flexible and steadfast, it helps to promote social capital and in this way, in addition to benefiting from people with high human capital, Benefit from the advantage of expanding social capital in your organization. The present study seeks to design a model on the concepts of servant leadership style and knowledge sharing in relation to each other and social capital as a mediating variable in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and thus helps to expand the existing knowledge in this area. N. Given the above, it is clear that "servant leadership style" is associated with the variables "social capital" and "knowledge sharing" and can be a source of positive effects on the organization, so the researcher's preoccupation to answer this question. What is the model of the relationship between servant leadership style and knowledge sharing with the mediating role of social capital in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences?

This research was method-mixed in terms of method. The study population in the qualitative part included the president of the university, managers of the department, the director and managers of the eight vice-chancellors of the university and the director of the nine affiliated faculties) of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences with an approximate number of 45 people and in the quantitative part included the staff of Mazandaran health services and sub-faculties were in 2016. In the qualitative part, sampling was done by snowball sampling method and 20 people were selected and in the quantitative part, it was done by sampling multi-stage relative classes with Cochran's formula and 323 people. In this study, considering that the data collection method was a researcher-made questionnaire, which consisted of two parts, including general questions and specialized questions (including 95 items). Delphi technique was used to analyze the data in the qualitative part and the structural equation method (SEM) and AMOS software were used in the quantitative part.

The results showed that the direct standard coefficient of the servant leadership style variable on knowledge sharing was 0.57, t value was 5.220 and P-value was less than 0.05. There is a significant relationship between servant leadership style and knowledge sharing. The direct standard coefficient of the servant leadership style variable on social capital is equal to 0.55, the t value is equal to 4.731 and the P-value is less than 0.05, the result is that the relationship between the servant leadership style variable and social capital is meaning. The coefficient of direct standard of the social capital variable on knowledge sharing is equal to 0.39, the value of t is equal to 3.932 and the value of P-value is less than 0.05, therefore, the relationship between social capital and knowledge sharing, the relationship. The results also showed that the value of chi-square in the model 1450/4503, the degree of freedom of the model is equal to 3208, the result of their ratio is equal to 1.404, which is an acceptable value. On the other hand, the fit indices of the main model such as CFI and IFI are all in an acceptable and appropriate level and the SRMR index is 0.061.

In general, the more widespread the service leadership in an organization, the greater the sharing of knowledge and social capital. Social capital also facilitates people's access to other resources inside and outside the organization, increases people's willingness to engage in two-way interaction, and improves the effectiveness of knowledge creation and sharing. The dimensions of social capital, especially trust, networks, relationships and cooperation, with the effective sharing of information, control of information change and reduction of executive and managerial costs, encourage people to participate and cooperate with each other, as well as create and share new knowledge. This, in turn, facilitates knowledge management processes in the organization. To create and share knowledge, there must be a high level of trust and optimism in the relationships of members of the organization with each other. In some organizations, rewards are set or employees are forced to pass on their knowledge to others in order to encourage employees to share knowledge. The danger that may arise is that employees, in order to be rewarded or to satisfy higher authorities, seem to share knowledge and do not transfer their real knowledge and only share some useless information with others. This is usually due to mistrust and lack of social capital among individuals. Indeed, improving an organization's social capital can enhance the acquisition, coding, and transfer of knowledge; Because by facilitating the combination and exchange of resources, it helps the organization's ability to create innovation.

In reverse learning; Instructors changed the place from direct teaching in a large group learning environment. The aim of the present study was to model the reverse learning process in education of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.

The research design is also of exploratory mixed type. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes academic experts and members of the Education and Empowerment Committee of Medical Universities (Mazandaran, Tehran, Babol, etc.) and in the quantitative section includes Employees of the Department of Management and Resources Development, Health and Education Branch of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences; In the qualitative section, in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 experts using the snowball sampling method, and in the quantitative section, a questionnaire was used to measure the model using the multi-stage relative stratified method among 310 samples. The face and content validity of the questionnaire and the reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. Data were analyzed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with SPSS and Smart PLS software.

The results showed that the reverse learning process has 12 dimensions in terms of learning motivation, individual factors, organizational culture factors, structural factors, the establishment of reverse learning, facilitation measures, organizational barriers and challenges, non-organizational barriers and challenges, bedding and planning, awareness, quality of education and quality of learning. The results of the quantitative section showed that all dimensions of the research paradigm model were confirmed.

It is Recommended to the officials of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences to provide the necessary conditions for the establishment of reverse learning, make the necessary arrangements according to the results of the present study.

Lack of learning motivation, large amount of information that must be learned in a short time, and lack of up-to-date content are among the limitations of effective learning. Flipped learning is suggested as a solution in which direct teaching in classroom environment is replaced by teaching and individual learning using educational tools and technologies. In this study, we investigated flipped learning process in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, aiming in-service training of employees, 2020.

A qualitative study using grounded theory approach was performed. The participants (n=16) included elite university experts and members of the education and empowerment committees in Mazandaran, Babol, and Tehran universities of medical sciences. They were selected via purposeful sampling. In-depth interviews were done and data were analyzed by MAXQDA 2018.

Flipped learning process in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences has 12 dimensions, including learning motivation, individual factors, factors of organizational culture, structural factors, establishment of flipped learning, facilitating measurements, organizational barriers and challenges, non-organizational barriers and challenges, planning, awareness, the quality of education, and learning quality.

Acknowledging flipped learning, as an independent approach, by senior managers, providing and improving the quality of e-learning infrastructure and facilities, and improving management capabilities and performances through recruiting professors who are familiar with this phenomenon can be of great benefit in implementing this approach.

The purpose of this research is to provide a decision model for the directors of medical universities, which in terms of purpose, is practical and with a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods based on data theory (grounded theory).

In the qualitative part of the statistical population, including the managers of the Crisis Department and the faculty members of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, sampling by purposeful method and interviews were performed Semi-structured to theoretical saturation and analytical methods have been coding methods. In the quantitative section of the statistical population, including senior and middle managers of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, a simple random sampling method based on the sample size determined by Cochran's method, Data collection was made from a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed for non parametric statistical experiments, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, SPSS software, SMARTPLS, Excel and structural equation modeling method with partial least squares approach.

The path coefficient of each of the four dimensions extracted from the qualitative stage was effective and significant in explaining the decision in conditions of uncertainty. It was 0.137, which was an appropriate and acceptable value.

The implementation of this model is a change in decisions related to the health system in conditions of uncertainty and will increase the ability of medical university administrators and the resilience of the health system.

Since education is a profession and is the foundation of sustainable human development, the observance of professional ethics in teaching and/or education will lead to the realization of educational goals in universities. Therefore, the present study or the purpose of evaluating the professional ethics of the teaching of professors from the Viewpoint of medical and pharmacy students was conducted in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.

The present study is descriptive cross-sectional. The study population included all medical and pharmacy professional doctoral students entering the 99-98 Iranian academic year in which 118 people were randomly selected. The data collection tool was the professional ethics questionnaire of Professor prepared by Sobhaninejad et al. That was in the form of 6 components and 48 items.The scoring scale of the items was based on the Likert five-choice scale from one to five. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and analytical statistics (single group t-test and independent t-test) using SPSS21 statistical software.

The total score of teachers chr('39')professional ethics from the studentschr('39') point of view was 3.59±0.63 and there was no significant difference (p = 0.231) between the views of male (3.5±0.65) and female (3.65±0.61) students. The results of comparing the components of teaching between students of the two fields showed that score of components of standard evaluation and learner cognition from views of medical students were higher than pharmacy students.

Although the total average score obtained by the professional ethics of teaching professors in the two schools was at an average and relatively desirable level, is still far from the desired and standard situation and needs more planning by educational planners in order to improve the level of professional ethics of teaching.

Social capital is a set of norms and social relationships that enable people to interact together to achieve desirable goals and reduce the cost of interaction and communication. Considering the importance of social capital, the aim of this study was to evaluate the social capital and related factors among students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 400 students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. They were selected using quota sampling based on the students’ population of each faculty. Demographic characteristics and Onyx social capital questionnaire with 8 items were used for data collection. Data were analyzed by one-sample T test and multivariate regression tests using SPSS-20.

The mean score of total social capital obtained from the total dimensions was 2.31±0.41. The minimum and maximum means were measured for dimensions of “participation in local community” (1.72) and “family and friends’ connections” (2.68). The study also showed a significant relation between social capital with gender, economic status, age and educational level.

Based on the study results, to increase the social capital, it is recommended that manager and administrators of university provide a good context for improving social capital through reinforcing individual and group interactions, and encouraging of involvement in social activities.

Considering the current unstable environment, organizations are faced with numerous changes and should adapt to various environmental factors. The present study aimed to evaluate the dimensions and components of organizational inertia at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Iran.

This applied study was conducted based on an exploratory design approach. The sample population consisted of the administrators in the qualitative section and faculty members in the quantitative section. Data were collected via note-taking and semi-structured interviews in the qualitative section and using a 64-item researcher-made organizational inertia questionnaire in the quantitative section. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 21 and the PLS software using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equations.

The results of exploratory factor analysis indicated that organizational inertia had organizational, environmental, and individual dimensions. The organizational dimension consisted of seven components, including supportive climate, continuous staff training, inertia in procedures, inter-organizational learning activities, environmental scrutiny, organizational structure, and leadership. The environmental dimension had two components of flexibility and environmental changes, and the individual dimension had eight components of knowledge inertia, continuous education, inertia in thought, inertia in practice, inertia of experience, inertia of learning, psychological inertia, and insight inertia.

From the viewpoint of the faculty members of MUMS, there is organizational inertia in the individual, organizational, and environmental dimensions of the university. Therefore, the university officials must modify the components of organizational inertia in order to counteract this phenomenon.

The implementation of Islamic dress code and behavior at universities is a part of the Islamic etiquette which reflects the cultural form and content of the Islamic society. The present study aimed to evaluate the awareness of the faculty members of these regulations and their drawbacks and strengths. For the purposes of the study, the faculty members were asked about the extent of the success in the implementation of those regulations at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional study was carried out using a descriptive approach. The required data were collected through a questionnaire that included demographic information and 33 main questions about the subject. In total, 68 faculty members were selected from all the faculties. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 20) using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation coefficients.

Based on the findings, 72.1% of the professors were aware of the dress code and behavior regulations, while 55.9% of them stated that they were not properly informed about these regulations. Moreover, 48.5% of the professors adhered to these regulations and 17.2%, 46.6%, 31%, and 2.5% of them considered these regulations highly, moderately,  hardly, and very scarcely successful, respectively.

The majority of the professors of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences had a positive attitude towards the implementation of Islamic dress code and behavior at the university and believed that it would maintain the expediency and dispose of the moral harms. Furthermore, they insisted on persuasive and informative attempts as precautionary policies.

Background and Research has shown that attending congregational prayer has constructive effects on spiritual guidance and mental relaxation of humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effective factors in the presence of university students attending congregational prayers of Masjid-Al-Nabi at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Moreover, this study aimed to propose influential approaches to encourage participation in congregational prayer. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on students studying at Payambar Aazam Complex of Mazandaran University of medical science, during 2016. A total number of 500 students were selected randomly out of 4000 students of this university. The data were collected using a questionnaire, which included demographic information and effecting factor on congregational prayer. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed and data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20). The survey showed that there was a significant relationship between the investigated variables (including family factors, friendship tendency, participation of authorities and teachers, coincidence of prayer and class time, personal motivation and education level) and the presence of students in congregational prayer. According to the results of this study, supporting students, adjustment of class time, and attendance of the instructors at the mosque will encourage students to participate in congregational prayer. University authorities can appropriately prepare the ground for the presence of students in congregational prayer.

Background and purpose: Internal evaluation is the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information to determine the benefits and disadvantages of a program and the extent to which its objectives are achieved. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of internal evaluation in clinical departments of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in two consecutive academic years. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in all clinical departments of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences during 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. Data from eight domains of internal evaluation were collected using a checklist and some researcher-made questionnaires. Then, we studied the status of departments in eight domains of internal evaluation in relation to the standards and the status of all departments in two consecutive academic years. The evaluations for the years were compared and the dynamic trend was assessed. Data analysis was done applying descriptive statistics in SPSS. A good status of clinical departments was seen in most of the domains. Best performances within the two academic years studied were associated with courses, educational curriculum, and graduate affairs (74.53%, 78.66%, and 88.61%, respectively). Total scores for all clinical departments were 64.22% and 70.69% in 2015-2016 and 2016-2017, respectively. Continuous internal evaluation reveals the strengths and weak points of the clinical departments. Therefore, more appropriate planning would be done and the departments could apply for further residency programs.

Background and Continuous evaluation of the functions of Islamic Knowledge courses is critical in responding to the needs of students and transfer of Islamic values. Therefore, the present study was carried out to examine the student's attitude toward Islamic courses in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2015-2016.
In this quantitative descriptive-analytical study, according to the Morgan’s table, 352 subjects were selected by random stratified sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose Cronbach’s alpha reliability was estimated at 0.874. Data were analyzed in SPSS, version 16, using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and ANOVA.
Considering mean scores in each domain as a cut-off point, 58% and 42% of the students were satisfied and dissatisfied with the content of Islamic Knowledge courses, respectively; in the domain related to professors’ performance, 77.4% and 22.6% of the students were satisfied and dissatisfied, respectively. Further, in the domain of educational environment, 67.8% and 32.2% of the students were satisfied and dissatisfied, respectively. In general, the obtained data indicated the students’ positive attitude towards the performance of the three domains, particularly the professors’ performance domain.
In this study, students had a positive attitude towards the content, performance of professors, and educational environment of Islamic Knowledge courses. Continuous and periodic assessments must be conducted to improve students’ views regarding the drawbacks of these courses.

Contrary to industrial economy, in knowledge economy, knowledge or intellectual capital plays a more significant role in achieving competitive advantage and attaining organizational goals compared with other assets. The aim of the current paper is to study the effect of intellectual capital on knowledge management processes influenced by the organizational culture in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.
The statistical population included all the university staff (total number = 230). The number of the participants who received the questionnaires was finally 183. The study was descriptive, and correlational which was used to collect the data; moreover, Bontis’s intellectual capital questionnaire (42 questions) and Lawson’s knowledge management questionnaire (24 questions) were exploited. The validity and reliability of questionnaires were firstly dermined.
The results of statistical hypothesis testing based on SMART PLS 3.2.4 as well as those of test statistics (t) and path coefficients (ß) showed that intellectual capital had a positive and effective influence on knowledge managements steps including creating, receiving, saving, organizing, publishing and applying knowledge.
Organizations fully understood that they should pay more attention to intellectual capital and knowledge to guarantee surviving and effective activities. In other words, identification, development, and empowerment are some of the main features of organization in creating, sharing and applying organizational knowledge which can increase the knowledge base activities and improving knowledge management strategies.

Background and Nosocomial infections are one of the health problems of the present century. The rate of these infections increases by increase in the length of hospital stay and results in high rate of morbidity and mortality and high hospital costs. Moreover, such infections could easily spread in the community. Successful control of nosocomial infections requires appropriate preventive measures. Applying these principles of infection control by hospital staff can prevent further costs. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in staff working in operating theaters of hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2011. The data was collected using personal information questionnaire, a questionnaire on infection control and environmental checklist and operating room equipment. Through random sampling 200 staff were assessed regarding implementing principles of infection control in the morning, evening and night shifts using direct observation. SPSS was applied to analyze the data. Among the samples 26.5% were male and 63.5% were female. Most of the staff (89%) had acceptable behavior regarding implementing principles of infection control. The design and construction of the operating theaters and facilities were also in good condition. A significant relationship was found between the gender and implementing infection control principles (P=0.029). The studied population followed the principles of infection control regarding personal hygiene, sterilization and aseptic technique.

Background and Lack of spirituality, remoteness of real purpose and a defeat versus cultural offense, is one of the many anxieties that families and compassionates, along with society and educators encounter. Without any doubt, knowledge of the Quran and positive attitude, are reasons for promotion of spirituality, recognizing and reaching the real goal of creation and protection against cultural offense. The aim of this research is the study knowledge and attitudes of academic members from the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, related to Quran and finding strength and weakness in this connection, in order to establish cultural programming. This research is a cross sectional in which 88 board members completed a questionnaire, with the reliability and validity being proved. Knowledge and attitude of the members pertaining to the Quran was researched by the questionnaire. This study was performed in the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2007. Statistical methods were SPSS 15, ANOVA and T tests. Sexuality and marital status was not effective in the Quranic test grade. In an action environment, along with the type of official order, a meaningful difference was found in the Quranic test grade. Consequently, individuals who received higher test scores had special features that were extracted separately. It appears that Quranic education in the age of 10 or less and attending in comprehension sittings, in addition to paying attention to Quranic meaning at the time of reading and comprehension of Quran at home, may have an effective role in promotion of board member’s knowledge regarding the Holy Quran.

Background and The methodological aspects, as well as the quantity of papers published in a scientific journal are important factors regarding its periodic evaluation. The study was conducted by Mazandaran Thalassemia Research Çenter, Sari Ïran. This descriptive study was conducted on all issues published to the date. Â questionnaire consisted of 48 items was prepared according to authors instruction of the journal and educational workshops and the reference booklet. Validity of the questionnaire was achieved through expert consultations and reliability by test –re test method. Four hundred and seven papers were evaluated in 2 groups. The 1st group (n=43) consisted papers published in volumes 1-12, from 1992-1995. The second group n=364 was divided in two subgroups, each consisted of 182 articles, according to dates of publications.Descriptive statistics was used to show the data. Papers in the 1st group were mainly case reports, translations and nonsystematic reviews. Ôriginal researches were exceptional. Ïn second group, however, descriptive, clinical trials and experimental designs were mainly. Üsed by researchers. The time gap between the research and issue date in 3 periods were 1±1.6, 1.34±1.5 and 1.22±1.3 years respectively. The number of references of each article was significantly more in the recent period (P<0.000) but the number of Farsi references was the same in 3 periods. The number of articles in each issue was 5.8±3.2, 9.8±2.9 and 14.5±3.6 respectively. The first author affiliation during the years was from Mazandaran university of medical sciences. Çonclusion: Quantity and quality of papers of the journal were growing during the years of activity.

Background and Major changes occur in an individuals life after his acceptance in the university which cloud be considered as every important period of his life. This new condition is stressful and can affect the newly admitted student’s mental health. Ïn this article we analyze the mental health status of newly admitted students to Mazandaran university of medical sciences in the academic year 1999-2000. Ïn this descriptive study all the newly admitted students in 1999-2000 Âcademic year at Mazandaran university of medical sciences were evaluated. These students were requested to fill a demographic Questionair and SÇL-ao-R. The findings indicated that newly admitted students were suspected to suffer from paranoid ideation (55.4%) depression (44.3%) inter personal sensitivity (40.7%) obession (40.7%) and anxiety (36%). The results also showed significant differences between mental health scores in variables such as sex, marital status, educational majors, economic self dependency and interest in their educational majors in at least one or more dimensions of check list. 51.8% of students (56.5% of female and 41.5% of males) were suspected to suffer from a kind of mental disorder. Çonclusion: Ïncreased mental health problems and suspected rate of mental disorders among university students in this study as compare to previous studied requires, the officials and authorities responsible in this field, to pay more attention to the problems of mental health among the students and it necessitates the activation of students consuling centers, comprehensive devices, regular adequate consuling and psychiatric services, regular and continous mental health training can improve and promote the status of mental health among the students especially among the freshmen.