جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « درمان شناختی رفتاری » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

One of the reasons for patients' resistance and the poor effectiveness of treatment approaches is the comorbidity of depression and anxiety disorder. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy" on difficulties in emotion regulation, intolerance of uncertainty and thought fusion in people suffering from comorbid depression and anxiety.

The present research was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all the people who had referred to psychological centers in Isfahan city with comorbid symptoms of depression and anxiety in 2019. The samples were selected by convenience method from the counseling center of the 5th and 7th regions of Isfahan city. After passing a clinical interview according to DSM-5 and completing the "Beck Depression Inventory, Version 2" and "Beck Anxiety Inventory", finally, 32 people were eligible for the study. The samples were randomly assigned to intervention (16 people) and control (16 people) groups. Data collection was Done with demographic questionnaire, "Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale", "Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale" and "Thought Fusion Instrument". Content validity and face validity were measured by qualitative method and reliability was also measured by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy" was implemented for 10 sessions of 90 minutes for the intervention group and the control group was on the waiting list. The data was analyzed with SPSS .21.

“Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy” in the intervention group caused a significant improvement in the intolerance of uncertainty, difficulties in regulating emotions and mixing thoughts in the post-exam stage. However, the effectiveness of “Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy” was stable only on the uncertainty intolerance variable until the follow-up stage (P<0.05).

The effect of "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy" has shown more lasting changes on the uncertainty intolerance variable than other variables. Considering the negative prognosis and the high complexity of  comorbid depression and anxiety, it is suggested that this intervention be combined and strengthened with complementary therapy for the long-term effectiveness of this intervention on other correlates of this disorder.

Cognitive behavioral therapy is used for psychiatric disorders and several medical conditions, including sleep disorders. The aim of the study was to find a significant relationship between improving sleep quality and the severity of migraine headaches using cognitive behavioral therapy.

This is a clinical trial studythat has performed on 80 paitents whom were suffering from in Migrainein 2 Healthy Centerin Esfahan. We divided patients to two groups of Control and Intervention. Every group had 45patients.The patients of Intervention groups received 5 academic meetingson the subject of Cognitive Behavioral Treatment. The methods of academic meetings were including: lecturediscussion and conversation. The aims of meetings were: recognition of sleep mechanism, sleep promotion and well-being. Standard questionnaires of sleep quality of Pittsburgh and Midas were completed by patients before and 3 months after finishing of intervention.

The education of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Sleep Quality and Headache Intensity in Migraine Patientshad a positive virtually effect on all sleep quality components(P < 0.001), Except using of sleeping drugs user, and had a negative virtually effect on  number of headache days during 3 months ago and number of attacks during last month (P = 0.02).

These study findings have emphasis on effectiveness of:education ofCognitive Behavioral Therapy on Sleep Quality and Headache Intensity in Migraine Patients, and offer this strategy for dealing with pain, number of attacks and sleep well-beinga.

Since older people suffer from many physical and psychological problems due to their age, improving physical and psychological health is essential for planners and practitioners in any country's social health field. Among the risk factors in old age is the increased concentration of lipids in the plasma, which can increase the problems of patients in the health field. Another problem for older people is the reduction of their cognitive abilities, which can lead to emotional and behavioral problems. In this regard, finding low–cost and low–risk ways to reduce older people's problems is one of society's main and important issues. On the other hand, nowadays, paying attention to psychological treatments as an alternative without complications and high costs to reduce the problems of patients has gained particular importance. Therefore, the present study compared the effectiveness of cognitive–behavioral therapy combined with self–compassion and cognitive–motor activities with cognitive–motor therapy alone on the plasma lipoproteins and executive functions of older people.

The research method was quasi–experimental, with a pretest–posttest and follow–up design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of older people over 60 living in Mashhad Cirt, Iran, in 2021. Among these, 42 volunteers (21 women and 21 men) who met the inclusion criteria were recruited and randomly assigned to the three groups: the first experimental group (cognitive–behavioral therapy combined with self–compassion and cognitive–motor activities), the second experimental group (cognitive–motor activities), and the control group (without intervention). The experimental groups were subjected to 18 sessions of 90 minutes during 9 weeks of interventions. The research tool was the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) (Gioia et al., 2000(. To analyze the research data, descriptive statistics indices, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used. Also, inferential statistics, including analysis of covariance to examine blood lipoproteins, analysis of variance with repeated measurements to investigate scores of executive functions, and Bonferroni post hoc test for intergroup comparison and variable measurement steps, were used. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software, and the significance level of the tests was set at 0.05.

The results indicated that only the two variables of triglyceride (p<0.001) and high–density lipoprotein (HDL) (p=0.003) had a significant difference between the three research groups in the posttest after removing the effect of the pretest. However, there were no significant differences between study groups regarding cholesterol (p=0.233) and low–density lipoprotein (LDL) (p=0.408). Both interventions significantly changed the amount of triglyceride (p=0.007) and HDL (p=0.006). Also, the effect of time, group, and the interaction effect of time and group on the variable of executive functions were significant (p<0.001). The difference between the averages in the first and second test groups between the pretest, posttest, and follow–up was significant (p<0.001). In both experimental groups, the difference between the average scores of the posttest and the follow–up was not significant, which indicated the persistence of the intervention's effect (p>0.05).

Based on the research findings, cognitive–behavioral therapy combined with self–compassion, cognitive–motor activities, and cognitive–motor therapy alone are effective and efficient in reducing plasma lipoproteins and improving the executive functions of older people. In comparison, cognitive–behavioral therapy combined with self–compassion and cognitive–motor activities has more effectiveness in triglyceride and HDL variables.

Women heads of households face psychological and social difficulties and challenges to achieve psychological well-being. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and existential therapy on the psychological well-being and hope of female heads of households in Rasht city.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up plan with two experimental groups and a control group. The statistical population includes all female heads of households in the city of Rasht and the sample size includes 60 people who were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (20 people in the existential therapy group and 20 people in the cognitive behavioral therapy group) and a control group (20 people). were given. Then, eight 90-minute group sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy and existential therapy were presented to each of the two experimental groups.

The results showed that the main effect of time is statistically significant in the variables of psychological well-being and hope, which means that between the three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up in the variables of psychological well-being and hope of women heads of households in the two experimental groups (cognitive-behavioral therapy and existential therapy) there was a significant difference, which indicated the significant effect of both treatment methods on the dependent variables of the research.

Both treatment methods have been able to increase the psychological well-being and hope of female heads of the household to the same extent.

Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most prevalent eating disorder not linked to physical hunger. Psychosomatic theory suggests that some individuals fail to recognize hunger and instead eat in response to emotional states, resulting in an emotional eating pattern. Maladaptive thought patterns and negative automatic thoughts regarding body shape result in eating disorders, emotional issues, and problematic behaviors by altering maladaptive cognitions. Research indicates a connection between maladaptive schemas and eating disorder symptoms. Individuals with BED feel intense cravings for food during periods of stress and emotional dysregulation, as well as higher levels of neuroticism and negative mood. Early experiences and emotional abuse create templates for processing subsequent experiences, activating schemas and cravings, and present a significant challenge for effective treatment. Consequently, this study aims to compare the effectiveness of cognitive–behavioral therapy and schema therapy in addressing emotional eating and perceived maternal rejection in women with binge eating disorders.

The current research method was quasi–experimental, with a pretest–posttest and follow–up design using a control group. The research population consisted of women suffering from BED referred to the Nutrition and Diet Therapy centers of Naein City, Iran, in 2021. Of whom 27 eligible people were included in the study through a targeted sampling method. The data collection tools included the Binge Eating Scale (Gormally et al., 1982), the Adult Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ–Adult) (Rohner et al., 2005) and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (Van Strien et al. 1986). In this study, 27 participants were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria after visiting nutrition and diet therapy centers in Naein. They were assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group underwent cognitive–behavioral and schema therapy, each lasting 90 minutes, across ten weekly sessions. The control group did not receive any treatment. SPSS version 22 software was used to analyze the data. At the descriptive level, mean and standard deviation and inferential level, variance analysis with repeated measurements, and Bonferroni post hoc test were used at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed a significant difference between the schema therapy group and the cognitive–behavioral therapy group in the posttest and follow–up in variables of emotional eating and perception of the mother's rejection (p<0.001). In the posttest and follow–up, a significant difference was observed between the schema therapy group and the control group in the variables of emotional eating and perception of the mother's rejection (p<0.001). In the comparison of the cognitive behavioral therapy group and the control group, there was a significant difference in the variable of emotional eating (p<0.001). However, this difference was not significant when comparing the cognitive behavioral therapy group and the control group for the variable of perception of the mother's rejection (p>0.05). In the follow–up phase, the effect of schema therapy was more stable compared to cognitive–behavioral therapy.

Based on the findings, schema therapy is suggested as a more effective treatment for reducing emotional eating and the perception of maternal rejection in people with binge eating disorder.

Marriage is considered the most significant event in an individual’s life and the most fundamental human connection.

The present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on the dimensions of emotional reactivity and brain-behavioral systems in individuals prone to extramarital relationships.

This research was a semi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The study population consisted of married women prone to extramarital relationships referring to psychological counseling centers in the city of Babol during the first quarter of 2023. A sample of 30 individuals was selected using a convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two groups: Experimental (n=15) and control (n=15). The Emotional Reactivity Scale (Nock et al., 2008), the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) scales (Carver and White, 1994), and the Cognitive Therapy Protocol (Epstein and Baucom, 2002) were used for eight 90-minute sessions to collect data. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) using SPSS version 24 was employed to analyze the data.

The results indicated a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of dimensions and factors of emotional reactivity and brain-behavioral systems (BIS/BAS) (P=0.001). The results of the covariance analysis demonstrated revealed that CBT increased BIS scores and decreased BAS and emotional reactivity scores.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that CBT has a positive impact on the brain-behavioral systems and emotional reactivity of individuals prone to extramarital relationships.

Emotions and emotion regulation play a significant role in interpersonal relationships, especially in marital life..

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of therapy based on the bio-energy economy approach and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on emotion regulation in women.

The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design, along with a control group. The population of this study consisted of married women aged 20 to 40 years who visited counseling centers in District 7 of Tehran in 2022. From this population, 45 women were selected using convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to two intervention groups and one control group. The research instrument was the Gratz and Roemer Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2004). The experimental groups received eight sessions of bio-energy economy therapy and eight sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, and repeated measures ANOVA was used, with a significance level of 0.05.

Data analysis showed that both cognitive-behavioral therapy and bio-energy economy therapy significantly improved the ability to regulate emotions (P < 0.05). The results of the Bonferroni post-hoc test indicated that the effects of both treatments were stable during the follow-up period (P < 0.05). Moreover, bio-energy economy therapy had a greater impact than cognitive-behavioral therapy on the components of difficulty in impulse control, lack of emotional clarity, and the overall score of emotion regulation (P > 0.05).

Bio-energy economy therapy is a more effective method for improving emotion regulation compared to cognitive-behavioral therapy. It is suggested that this approach be used in treating emotional regulation disorders.

Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases, which if not properly managed, can lead to not only physical health issues but also reduced psychological well-being and efficiency. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on depression and self-efficacy in patients with hypertension.

The present study was a quasi-experimental intervention, conducted as a pre-test, post-test design with experimental and control groups, and with a 90-day follow-up. The study population consisted of all hypertension patients who referred to healthcare centers in Tehran in 2023, from which 38 subjects were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The data collection tools included a demographic form, the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE-17). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with a significance level of 0.05, using SPSS-21 software.

Cognitive-behavioral group therapy was effective in reducing depression (F=78/6, P< 0/001) and increasing self-efficacy (F=12/7, P < 0/001) among patients with hypertension. Additionally, the effect size of cognitive-behavioral therapy was 70% for depression and 27% for self-efficacy, with the effects persisting up to three months post-treatment.

The finding indicated that cognitive-behavioral therapy can lead to improvements in depression and an increase in psychological self-efficacy in patients with hypertension. Therefore, this cost-effective and affordable treatment method can be utilized alongside routine treatment (medication) to enhance the psychological well-being of these patients.

Considering the extensive psychological effects caused by the spread of Covid-19 in societies, there is strong evidence that hospital treatment staff, due to their jobs, are prone to many psychological disorders such as reduced self-efficacy, resilience, mental health and sleep disorders. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy on self-efficacy, resilience, mental health and sleep disorders of treatment staff facing patients with covid-19.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a follow-up period and a control group. The research sample consisted of 45 medical staff involved in the care of patients with covid-19 in Shahid Modares Hospital in Tehran, whom were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. Cognitive behavioral therapy and cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy sessions were held individually in 8 sessions of 120 minutes and one session per week. To analyze the data, Variance analysis test with repeated measurements and SPSS version 25 software were used at a significance level of 0.05.

The findings of the research showed that both cognitive behavioral therapy and cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy were effective on self-efficacy, resilience, mental health and sleep disorders in the treatment staff dealing with patients with covid-19 (P<0.05) and no significant difference was observed between two treatment groups.

According to the findings of the research, these methods can be used to treat the disorders of the medical staff in the conditions of the outbreak of the Covid-19 disease.

Due to its nature, social anxiety can disturb the social adjustment of adolescents. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the social adjustment of adolescents with social anxiety disorder. 

This research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-/post- test format alongside a control group. The statistical population consisted of male students diagnosed with social anxiety disorder in the second year of high school within the first district of Babol city during the 1401-1402 academic year. A total of 45 participants were selected from this population using purposeful sampling, ensuring they met the study's inclusion criteria. These participants were randomly assigned to three groups: 15 in the CBT group, 15 in the ACT group, and 15 in the control group. Data were collected using social adjustment questionnaire, and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was utilized for data analysis.

The findings indicated that both CBT and ACT significantly improved social adjustment in adolescents with social anxiety disorder (p<0.001), with no significant difference in effectiveness between the two treatments.

CBT and ACT, both can be recommended for enhancing social adjustment among adolescents with social anxiety disorder.

Stress and psychological cohesion are related to the tendency to addiction and threaten the physical, mental, and social health of humans. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy training and acceptance and commitment therapy on stress coping strategies and psychological cohesion in addicts treated with methadone in Kerman City.

The current research was semi-experimental, with a pre-post test design, and a control group. The statistical population of the study was addicts treated with methadone who were referred to addiction treatment clinics in Kerman City in 2023. Based on the selection criteria, 60 drug addicts were randomly assigned to three groups cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and control group (20 people in each group). The experimental groups underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes of intervention. The participants were evaluated with questionnaires: Endler and Parker's (1990) stress coping strategies and Flensberg-Madsen's (2006) psychological coherence. The data were evaluated by multivariate covariance analysis at a significance level of P<0.05.

The average score of strategies for dealing with stress and psychological integration were not significantly different in the groups: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and control in the pre-test (P < 0.05). After the intervention, the average stress management strategies and psychological integration scores in the cognitive behavioral therapy group and avoidance strategy in the acceptance and commitment therapy were significant (P<0.001). The highest effect size was related to the avoidance strategy (0.40) and the lowest was related to the emotional strategy (0.13) of the stress components.

The results indicate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy intervention on stress management strategies and psychological cohesion, acceptance, and commitment-based therapy on improving avoidance strategies. According to the requirements of the conditions, the mentioned treatments can be used.

The purpose of this study was to comparison of effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy with cognitive-behavioral coaching on psychological well-being of women victims of domestic violence.

This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up 2 month. In this research, the statistical population was all women who were victims of domestic violence (by their husbands) who referred to counseling centers and psychological services in Tehran in 1401. In the first stage, using convenience sampling method, 75 people were selected and then randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (each group 25 people) and one control group (25 people) were replaced and experimental groups underwent cognitive-behavioral therapy  and cognitive-behavioral coaching, but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. To collect data wife abuse questionnair (WAQ) of Ghahari and et al (2005) and psychological well-being scale (PWBS) of Ryff (1989). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-28 software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni).

The results of the study showed that of cognitive-behavioral therapy and cognitive-behavioral coaching in post-test and follow up had a significant effect on psychological well-being of women victims of domestic violence (P<0.05) and cognitive-behavioral coaching is more effective in psychological well-being (P<0.05).

Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that cognitive-behavioral therapy and cognitive-behavioral coaching can be used as a treatment method to on psychological well-being of women victims of domestic violence and the priority of use i with cognitive-behavioral coaching.

Marital adjustment has a favorable effect on the physical and mental health of couples suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is necessary to use interventions and training based on psychological approaches to influence the level of psychosocial adjustment of couples. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of cognitive behavioral training on the psychosocial adjustment of couples with T2DM.

The current research is a semi-experimental study conducted on 40 patients and spouses of patients with T2DM. The samples were selected as available and the participants were evaluated with the scale of psychosocial adjustment before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements and with the help of SPSS software version 22.

The average age of the participants in the study was 54 years, and they had been married for 25 years on average, and they had at least ten years of T2DM. The psychosocial adjustment scores of the participants of the experimental and control groups were 73.60±8.31 and 45.33±2.35 before the intervention and 101.70±5.99 and 47.83±7.74 after the intervention, respectively. The analysis of variance test with repeated measurement showed that these differences are statistically significant (P≤0.05) and the cognitive-behavioral intervention improved the psychosocial adjustment of couples with T2DM.

According to the results indicating the effectiveness and efficiency of the treatment based on the cognitive-behavioral method, it is suggested that counselors and therapists use this method to improve the psychosocial adjustment of couples with T2DM.

In addition to physical health, premenstrual dysphoric syndrome has a negative effect on psychological health. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the emotional regulation and intensity of pain in girls with premenstrual dysphoric syndrome.

This study was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population was made up of female high school students suffering from premenstrual dysphoric symptoms in Tabriz, Iran. In total, 30 people were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into two groups (15 people each). Members of the experimental group received their treatment in eight sessions of 1.5 hours. The control group did not receive any treatment. Both groups answered the 36-question difficulty regulating emotions Gratz and Romer and the 20-question pain intensity McGill before and after the intervention, as well as a follow-up test after 3 months.

There was no significant difference between the scores of emotional regulation and intensity pain in the experimental and control groups in the pre-test. The results showed that ACT increased and reduced emotional regulation and intensity of pain, respectively, in girls with premenstrual dysphoric syndrome in the post-test, compared to the control group. The effect of ACT on emotional regulation and intensity of pain was lasting in the follow-up phase.

Our data indicate that the ACT can probably improve emotional regulation and reduce the intensity of pain in girls with premenstrual dysphoric syndrome.

Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic functional disorder of the gastrointestinal system. Besides physical problems, it can also affect the patient’s cognitive, emotional, and psychological processes. The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and schema therapy on health anxiety and psychological flexibility in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

The study method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and a 2-month follow-up period with a control group. The study population included all patients with irritable bowel syndrome referred to Velayat and Shahid Rajaei hospitals in Qazvin City in 2022. Based on specialist diagnosis and clinical interviews, 48 patients with irritable bowel syndrome who scored higher than 35 on the health anxiety questionnaire were selected through purposive sampling. They were also divided into three groups based on a table of random numbers, including schema therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and control groups (16 people in each group). The research instruments were the Health Anxiety Questionnaire by Salko-Sakis and Warwick (2002) and the Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire by Dennis and Vanderwaal (2010). The experimental groups received Yang's schema therapy and Leahy's cognitive behavioral therapy in nine 90-minute sessions once a week, and the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS-23 software.

The results showed that schema therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy were effective in reducing health anxiety and increasing psychological flexibility in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (P<0.001). Furthermore, comparing the two treatment methods, no significant differences were found between the mean scores of the variables studied at post-test and follow-up.

According to the results, schema therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy can be used as an effective treatment for health anxiety and psychological flexibility of patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Considering that the category of stability of marriage and reduction of marital problems is important for ensuring the mental health of the family and society, identifying therapeutic interventions that are effective in reducing these problems is very important from a theoretical and clinical point of view. This study aims to compare the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy (CBCT) and emotionally focused couple therapy (EFCT) on interpersonal emotion regulation of couples with emotional divorce.

The method of this study was semi-experimental with pre-test- post-test with the control group. The statistical population was formed by couples who referred to Tabriz counseling centers in 2022. In total, 54 people (27 couples) were selected by the purposeful sampling method and randomly (by drawing lots by throwing dice) divided into three groups (9 couples in each group). Members of both experimental groups received their treatment, respectively, in 8 and 10 sessions of 1.5 hours; however, the control group did not receive any treatment. The measurement tools were Hoffman et al.'s interpersonal emotion regulation questionnaires and Gottman's emotional divorce. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance and bonferroni's post hoc test.

The results of covariance analysis showed that cognitive-behavioral couple therapy 55.39±4.64 and emotion focused couple therapy 55.94±5.03 compared to the control group 43.33±4.56, increased interpersonal emotion regulation in couples after the test (p<0.001).  The effect of these two treatments on increased interpersonal emotion regulation at posttest was not different (p>0.05).

It seems that cognitive-behavioral couple therapy and emotion-oriented couple therapy can increase the interpersonal emotion regulation of couples, so they can probably be a useful therapeutic strategy for improving couples' relationships.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent and costly psychiatric disorders globally. Among the common problems faced by individuals with MDD are procrastination and deficits in problem-solving abilities, which can negatively impact their quality of life, occupational functioning, and social relationships. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in reducing procrastination and enhancing problem-solving skills among individuals with MDD.

In this multiple-baseline experimental study, four participants diagnosed with MDD were selected using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected during baseline, intervention (CBT), and follow-up phases through direct observations, self-reports, and standardized measures of procrastination and problem-solving. The data were then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including visual analysis of graphs, calculation of non-overlapping data percentages, and effect size estimation.

The findings of this study revealed that CBT significantly reduced procrastination and substantially improved problem-solving abilities in the participants. The calculation of statistical indices, such as the percentage of non-overlapping data (88%) and Cohen's d effect size (d=2.41) for procrastination, and the SMD=-2.42 for problem-solving, confirmed the positive and substantial impact of this therapeutic approach in alleviating these difficulties.

Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that CBT can be an effective and efficient treatment approach for reducing procrastination and enhancing problem-solving skills in individuals with MDD.

Substance use disorders are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, little is known about the effectiveness of treatment for patients with both diseases. Also, standard drug treatment has shown mostly negative outcomes. This study aimed to determine the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on ADHD symptoms in men with substance use disorder.

Methods and Materials:

 This research is a semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test research design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research consisted of people with substance use disorder with ADHD symptoms referring to the clinics of district 10 of Tehran. The sampling method was purposeful and based on the criteria for entering the research, 30 people were selected. To collect data, the individual clinical profile form, Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-V), Wechsler et al.'s Adult Self-report Scale of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ASRS) were used. In this research, data analysis was done in two parts, the first part was dedicated to descriptive findings, in which indicators such as mean, standard deviation, percentage and frequency were used. The second part was related to inferential findings, in this part, univariate covariance analysis was used in quantitative data and was used in SPSS version 26 software.

Findings:

 The findings of the research showed that after controlling for the effect of the pre-test, the difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the two groups for the variables of attention deficit and hyperactivity is significant, and the average scores of the experimental group in the variable of attention deficit and hyperactivity is also significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05).

The results of the present study show the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on attention deficit and hyperactivity in men with substance use disorder.

Hospital medical staff are highly susceptible to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, leading to a heightened risk of developing psychological disorders. The primary objective of this study was to explore the impact of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on the self-efficacy, resilience, mental health, and sleep disorders of medical professionals working in COVID-19 wards.

The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre- post-test structure and a control group. The sample comprised 30 medical staff from Shahid Modares Hospital in Tehran, caring for COVID-19 patients, selected through purposeful and accessible sampling. They were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. CBT sessions were conducted individually over eight sessions lasting 120 minutes each, held weekly. Data were collected using General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (GSE-10), Resilience Scale, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis.

The results indicated that CBT had a significant positive effect on self-efficacy, resilience, and mental health, while it had a significant negative effect on sleep disorders (p<0.001). 

Overall, the findings suggest that CBT can be an effective intervention for addressing psychological issues among medical staff in corona wards. Implementing this therapy could be beneficial in managing the mental well-being of healthcare workers in such high-stress environments.

Different biological, environmental, cognitive, motivational, individual, and collective factors affect the student’s academic achievement or failure. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on academic procrastination and self-efficacy of female students.

This research was experimental with pretest-posttest control group design. The population included all the female students at grade 11 in Rasht during the academic year 2018-2017. A sample of 30 students with the highest academic procrastination score and lowest self-efficacy score were selected by cluster sampling and then assigned to the experimental and control groups (15 students per group). The most recent Iranian standardized version of Academic Procrastination Questioners of Solomin& Roth Bloom (1984) and Self-Efficacy Questionnaire of Sherer (1982) were carried out on the groups at the pretest and posttest stages. After conducting the pretest, the experimental group underwent eight 45-sessions of Ellis’s cognitive- behavioral therapy (2004), while the control group received no training except the routine school education.  Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 and univariate covariance statistical method.

Findings showed that the cognitive-behavioral therapy was significantly effective on students' academic procrastination (F=15.61, p<0.01) and students' self-efficacy (F= 7.64 and P<0.01).

In general, results indicated that cognitive-behavioral therapy was significantly effective in improving the student’s psychological charectristics. Therefore, it is suggested to use this method to decrease academic procrastination and to increase self-efficacy in schools and clinics.