جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سیاست جنایی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Psychological pressure in committing criminal acts and in punitive reactions towards delinquent children and teenagers, who themselves are silent victims of unstable living conditions, poses a significant challenge that requires deep reflection and urgency in addressing it, given the current social situation. This matter needs a novel interdisciplinary study, which this article aims to do, to achieve equal and vast judicial justice.

This article employs a descriptive-analytical approach and gathers data through library research, relying on the opinions of relevant experts and scholars. The results are presented in the form of diagrams. Therefore, this research has been conducted using a combined method, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative (Likert scale) research foundations.

Ethical Considerations:

 Throughout the process of writing this research, ethical considerations of library research, including authenticity, text integrity, honesty, and trustworthiness, have been observed.

One of the most significant findings of this study is presenting the "fundamental role of psychological pressure factors in most delinquent actions of children and teenagers, who violate criminal laws". This was achieved through a systematic analysis of the factors that contribute to psychological pressure, the analysis of reactions, and the explanation of coping strategies using qualitative research. According to 82% of legal experts and specialists, "psychological pressure on children and teenagers has a more significant impact on their involvement in criminal activities than their bad upbringing".

The need to consider the extensive dimensions of psychological pressure on children and teenagers, who violate criminal laws, in the commission of criminal acts, demands the adoption of preventive measures that are appropriate to the current time and place in Iran’s criminal policy. Furthermore, the aspect of psychological pressure in certain legal punitive reactions towards children and teenagers, who violate criminal laws, and the inadequacy of their correction and upbringing within the framework of Islamic educational principles and international documents, in some cases show a significant distance between the current situation and the desired state.

The political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, based on the two basic principles of Islam and the Republic, has a special attitude towards ensuring the public health of society. This is so important that in upstream documents such as Article 29 of the Constitution and the 20-year vision document and laws five throughout the countrychr('39')s development, attention to public health has always had a special place. Paying attention to public health and combating actions that harm it requires that appropriate structural and institutional structures be established for it, that laws clearly and delicately draw the boundaries of prohibited behaviors that threaten public health, and that combating organizations. With such behaviors, the exact boundaries of the activity should be defined and recognized, and finally, a correct and universal judicial organization should be established to judge and determine the punishment. This study seeks to first examine whether there is a precise boundary for crimes threatening public health. Is there a separation of criminal behavior from deviations in this area? Secondly, where is the competent authority to explain and define anti-social behaviors? Third, what are the legal responses to these behaviors? And finally, what is the executive and leadership institution to this reaction?

As one of the criminal policy’s dimensions, preventive criminal policy underlines the penal and non-penal aspects as a way of preventing the criminal and unlawful actions. This policy can take an ethical color when it is deployed before the violence against children. The present study tries investigating the ethical basics of the preventive criminal policy in the face of the violence against children.

In the present study, a descriptive-analytical method has been applied. The materials have also been gathered by taking notes and referring to the legal texts and other related documents and articles.

 In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

Preventive criminal policy focusing on moral principles, including the inherent dignity of human beings in general and children in particular, helping children because of their age and biological conditions to prevent them from entering delinquent environments and being victimized, preventing children from being harmed when committing delinquent acts and after that, and so paying attention to children's imitability and role modeling of delinquent and criminal behaviors, it considers preventive criminal measures.

Ethical solutions in the field of preventive criminal policy are responding to violence against children in the non-criminal field, including eliminating delinquent and violent acts in the family environment, modifying the behavior of family members specially parents, modifying the environment and educational places such as schools and educational institutions that affect children, producing media and cultural content to help children to report cases of victimization and delinquency, creating a friendly environment for children to depend on family members. In the criminal field, applying differential criminal policy, separating children and adults from criminals in environments such as courts and prosecutor's offices, strengthening socialistic approaches and tolerance towards children's criminal acts with the aim of correcting their behavior are among the approaches that can prevent violence against children.

As human interventions surpassed the power of natural regeneration, its adverse effects became apparent. The evidence for these destructive effects is such that everyone understands well by comparing the current environment with the past. Increasing the change of use and illegal occupation of government and public lands in recent decades in Iran, despite the existence of laws and regulations in this field and the activity of various executive and judicial organizations to deal with this phenomenon, is one of the basic problems of our country.

This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the data collection is library which has been done by referring to documents, books and articles.

 In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

How to determine the nature and type of land in Iran's criminal policy is not sufficiently coherent and there is no specific definition for the trustees and even the conditions for executors not stated in the law, which leads to severe weakness of diagnostic votes and consequently easily reverse them in the judiciary.

The Iranian legislator has not paid enough attention to the causes of the crime of unauthorized change of land use. This issue has caused that agricultural lands, which are known as the most fertile lands, cannot be preserved for the future generations by maintaining the principles of intergenerational justice, and this condition has provided the basis for the violation of the natural rights of future generations.

The phenomenon of violence and its increasing trend among students is one of the issues that has caused concern among families and those in charge of education today. This article examines the Possibility of existence Dark Figure of victims and the need to formulate a differential criminal policy in order to prevent violence against students in the city of Ahvaz.

This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles.

Various causes at the individual, relational, community-based and community levels are effective in the development and perpetuation of violence. Increasing this phenomenon and the need to support one of the most vulnerable groups in society, it is necessary to study this phenomenon and adopt strategies to prevent it. What is felt before the need is to make fundamental changes and reforms in the field of legislation in order to adopt a coordinated, coherent and differential preventive criminal policy in the field of prevention of violence against students.

Ethical considerations:

 In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

A new and proven tool in the prevention of violence against students is the use of codes of conduct or a moral charter, and its foundation is based on awareness, warning and education.

Globalization is a procedure existing in different contexts of human life. Regarding the expansion of delinquency at the international level, globalization can be examined as a necessity in criminal sciences. Economic corruptions bring heavy costs for society so that, they are hard to discover and detect due to their complicated forms. Hence, a decisive criminal policy is required to cover such costs. The present study was conducted to examine criminal policy made by the Iranian legislature to remove corruption and economic crimes with an emphasis on new rules of Regulations and Instructions for investigating the Crimes of Disruptors in the Economic System approved in 2018 and amendments 2020 through a descriptive-analytical study.

The extant paper was designed and written by using the descriptive-analytical method and bibliographic references.

Findings indicated the anticipated need for a differential approach to economic criminals in the new Islamic Penal Code 2013 and Directive of 2018. Although the term "economic crimes" has been used, there is no specific definition for economic crime. These crimes have not been taken into account clearly, so the law has not taken a decisive step to fight against economic corruption. However, Articles 47, 35, and 109 of the new Islamic Penal Code 2013 include unlimited examples of economic crimes that comprise the crimes listed under the note of Article 36 and the crime of fraud.

This study was designed based on confidentiality and honesty principles.

The legislature has adopted enemy criminal law to fight against moderate and macro crimes by taking strict penal measures to determine punishment, including the introduction of macroeconomic criminals, deprivation of moderate and macroeconomic offenders from suspending judgment rendering, and deprivation from prosecution prescription and penalty execution. In this case, the legislature has emphasized the confidence and certainty of punishment execution regarding criminal prevention of economic crime.

Criminalization is one of the tools and mechanisms of criminal policy in any country in dealing with crime and social deviations. In the case of crimes that have many instances in society, such as the crime of forgery, if criminalization is not done based on appropriate, reasonable, logical and sound policies, not only will it not have the desired consequences, but it will cause many social problems.

This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles.

Iran's legislative crime policy does not have a uniform process and suffers from a kind of disorder, deviation and lack of coherence, which is the biggest and at the same time the most important criticism that can be made about this issue in Iran.

 In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

Overall, the evaluation of the existing legislative policy in this area shows that there is no coherent discipline in the criminalization of forgery and the goals and values of the legislature are not clear. In addition, there are ambiguities in the legislative criminal policy approach to forgery.

The protection of agricultural and horticultural lands has an important role in preserving the environment and the continuation of human life, and their protection constitutes the protection of the environment and human life. The change of use of agricultural and horticultural lands is the result of the shortcomings of the existing laws and the inadequate implementation of these flawed laws by its implementers and the disregard for its importance and the opportunism of some profiteers.

This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles.

Adopting criminal measures to combat this phenomenon is one of the measures that legislators have resorted to. During the stage, the law considered the change of use of agricultural lands important and criminalized it; Such as the Law on the Development of Agricultural Centers approved in 1975 and the Law on Conservation of Agricultural Lands and Gardens approved in 1995. The last law enacted in this regard was the Law on Amending the Law on Preservation of the Use of Agricultural Lands and Gardens, approved in 2006, and its by-laws, which in Article 3 provide for the punishment of demolition and fines for perpetrators of this crime. There will also be imprisonment.

In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

It seems necessary for the legislator to take greater steps to deal with this phenomenon by removing the ambiguity of this law and determining more practical solutions and using prevention and culture-building methods.

Abortion, as a challenging social and moral phenomenon, has occupied the minds of human beings and governments since time immemorial. Today, we are witnessing the spread of this phenomenon along with the development of societies and subsequently led to different reactions of governments in accordance with the adopted criminal policy. In this article, while examining the evolution of abortion legislation in Iran, the approach of Iranchr('39')s criminal policy in this field is realized. In the category of criminal policy, the response to the criminal phenomenon is either repressive or preventive; A penal policy that is limited to repressive punishments will not be very successful, especially in the case of abortion, which has one of the highest black numbers. Iranchr('39')s criminal policy towards this phenomenon should be considered as a punitive approach and lacks a preventive attitude. After the Islamic Revolution, the crime of abortion and its rulings were written with a strict view; Although with the passage of the Medical Abortion Law, the legislature sought to moderate its absolute criminality, in recent years there have been whispers about abrogations or severe restrictions on this article. However, Iranchr('39')s criminal policy, at least on the phenomenon of abortion, has been shaky and on a downward trend

Patients With AIDS Have the Same Rights as Other Citizens of the Society. The First Thing That Can be Mentioned as a Manifestation of Support and Tolerance for Victims of AIDS is the Protection of the Right to Health of This Group of Victims, Which is Referred to as Victim-Oriented Criminal Policy. This Right is one of the Fundamental Human Rights. If a Person is Infected With a Virus, the Basic Rights of Those Infected With it Should not be Ignored, Because Because AIDS is Considered as a Disgraceful Disease in Most societies, it Causes the Patient not to be Admitted. It Happens in the Family and the Community. Our Aim in this Study is to Express the Rights and Guarantees of Criminal Executions in the Field of Criminal Policy of AIDS Patients and to Fill the Legal Gaps in this Field.

This Article is Descriptive-Analytical and has been Prepared and Compiled by the Library Method, Using Phishing Tools.

Ethical Considerations: 

In This Article, From the Beginning to the End, It Adheres to the Principles of Ethics, Honesty, Confidentiality, the Principle of Observance of Rights, the Principle of Material and Intellectual Property.

The Findings of the Study Indicate that this Disease in Terms of Causing Many Social Problems, Negative Thoughts Governing Society and Social Stigma, not Only in Terms of Physical Health but Also in Terms of Mental and Social Health Affects the Condition of Patients and Leads to Many Problems in It is Useful Activities and Interests of Patients.

Despite the Problems that Exist for Sufferers, it is Therefore Essential That we Pursue a Criminalized Victim-Oriented Criminal Policy on AIDS Patients, Following the Example of Leading Countries in This Field, Especially the United States. Experiencing Discrimination in Various Areas, Such as Discrimination in Access to Appropriate Treatment. The Right to Employment, the Right to Freedom of Movement and Immigration, Etc. In Addition to the Negative Impact on the Patientchr('39')s Physical and Mental Health, it Will Hide the Disease and not Seek Treatment, thus Increasing the Disease. Therefore, the Involvement of Legislatures and the Implementation of Penal Policies in Relation to Violators of the Fundamental Rights of People Living With AIDS can be Somewhat Prevented From Accelerating the Spread of AIDS. This Article Examines Current Regulations and Possible Shortcomings in the Rights of Victims of AIDS, Including the Right to Work, the Right to Health, and the Right to a Fair Trial, With a Look at U.S. Law.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder in childhood. It is characterized by three levels of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and compounding. The most dangerous situation is when so-called "comorbiditychr('39') is associated with one or more other mental disorders. If this involuntary disorder (Lack of control over activity and impulses) is not treated scientifically in childhood, during adolescence and adulthood, within severely diminishing the therapeutic effects of childhood, will adversely affect individual and family functioning and it will be a factor for be evasive person and have personal and social anomalies that lead to deviance and delinquency And, ultimately, these factors lead to the perversion and delinquency of the individual, and the community faces significant challenges in various dimensions. One of the most important gaps and damages in the medical Scientific and practical response in line with some of the pioneering countries is especially the lack of screening and supervision in primary education level. Therefore, according to the analytical-descriptive research method and interviews with some psychiatry professors, Iranchr('39')s criminal policy faces with severe inefficiency in all three legislative, judicial and executive sectors. And taking into account the scientific facts and psychological requirements for those with the disorder, it needs to proceed at the level of medical and social via the set of scientific approaches of Criminal policy with government responses and the participation of psychiatry specialists to deal with such phenomena which is increasing day by day.

Inefficiencies and criticisms of the traditional model of curbing the criminal phenomenon, as well as the achievements of special criminal sciences in recent decades, have led to a fundamental and new change in the ideas, patterns and tools of litigation. And new species have been punished. Today, one of the main challenges in the discussion of laws is that excessive resorting to the guarantee of criminal enforcement has limited the freedoms of individuals, imposed high costs on the government and disrupted the functioning of the judiciary. Decriminalization is one of the levers and mechanisms used by the legislature as a policy of retreating the penal system, thereby depriving criminals of their criminal titles. The findings of the present study show that the Iranian legislature, inspired by the basic principles of criminal law, can take a new step, or in other words, a justice-oriented reading in order to decriminalize and adapt Iranchr('39')s criminal policy based on global model and model of criminalization.

In recent years, the atmosphere of victimology has been influenced by the principles and rules of the field of ethics. Issues such as the protection of victims, the impact of indecent acts and behaviors that are perpetrated by violence, etc., have all led to the formation of new approaches in criminal law, especially the category of victim orientation. Victims will generally face a number of problems, including future delinquency, mental and physical illness. In the process of establishing criminal justice, determining the status of the victim is the most important factor for the realization of his rights. Influenced by new approaches, various criminal policies have been adopted in relation to victims of rape crimes. In the present study, which has been collected analytically-descriptively and based on the teachings of law and criminology, it will be observed that in the Iranian criminal law system, the legislatorchr('39')s attention, considering the latest results of criminology, more than ever. It has focused on the victim and the methods of compensating him. At the same time, there are various gaps and challenges in this field that require the adoption of specific criminalization and penal policies with an emphasis on compensation mechanisms for victims of these crimes.

stem cells technology as a new Therapeutic approach brings many hopes for treament of sever diseases. By considering the progress for our country in this regard and the importance of stem cells science in country’s comprehensive scientific map, legal and institutional infrastructure development is one of the main priorities for a decent position, in the region and world on the horizon of 1404. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the criminal policy of stem cells by looking at French and England politics. this research is a descriptive study using library and documentary method, by study of books and papers and researches and other authoritave scientific references. undoubtly, the benefits of this technology depends on its ethical considerations. Elimination of moral barriers also requires drafting laws compatible with regional and cultural beliefs of peoples in the country. As Iranian law in the field of stem cells is not clear and Unfortunately, our laws in the face of it, could not keep up with these advances, to continue research activities, legal and institutional infrastructure is the main feature. First it is necessary to discuss this issue among scientists in the field of ethics, law, jurisprudence.
Then therewith studying laws of active countries in this technology which have worked out precise rule, by adopting a purposeful criminal politic facing the application of this technology, took into action to make bans and to determine the guarantee of appropriate criminal procceding.

Agree mental or contractual justice is a novel theory in criminal sciences and one of the new approaches in criminal policy which believers in interaction between judge (and other brokers in criminal justice) and accused in legal procedure. According to this theory، talking and reaching to an agreement with accused in dealing with crimes، determining the punishment and implementing the victim is one of the effective ways of exploring and preventing the crimes and criminal amendment and vindication of the victim has application in all of the areas of criminal sciences such as the science of criminalities and legal medicine. In this essay first، the concepts and goals of agree mental justice will be stated and then besides of defining of criminal policy and its kinds and features، application of contractual justice in this area and how the contract with defendants and offenders affects prevention of crime and fight against، especially in the area of criminal law with stating it’s different legal examples، will be assessed. It should be noted that the goal of agree mental justice is not criminal flexibility against offenders and toleration of dangerous and professional offenders، but this theory is seeking new ways of exploring the crimes and reforming the criminal with utilization of maximum social potential. Thus، its implementation should be regarded with some issues which needs designing of its executive model and anticipation of its required set up.