جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « لپتین » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Leptin and adiponectin are two peptide hormones that regulate energy balance. Physical activity can improve plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic training on plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin in overweight and obese children and adolescents. 

The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SID, and Magiran databases until January 2024. The present meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of aerobic training on plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Mean difference and %95 confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random effect model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 test and publication bias was evaluated by visual analysis of the funnel plot and Egger's test. 

A total of 21 studies with (28 interventions) 816 overweight or obese children and adolescents were meta-analyzed. The results showed that aerobic exercise caused a significant decrease in serum leptin [P=0.001, (-0.57 to -0.19) SMD=-0.387] and a significant increase in serum adiponectin [P=0.001, (0.25 to 0.60) WMD=0.430] became overweight and obese compared to the control group. 

In general, the results of this meta-analysis demonstrate that aerobic exercise is an effective and beneficial exercise method for reducing leptin blood circulation and increasing adiponectin in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Therefore, it seems that types of aerobic exercise may be a non-pharmacological and practical intervention to regulate adipokines and reduce disorders related to overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.

This review aims to investigate and analyze recent studies related to the effects of various exercise training on adipokines secreted from adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Search in Persian and Latin databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Magiran, and SID with the keywords aerobic exercise, resistance training, High-intensity interval training, diabetes, Adipokine, Leptin, Adiponectin, and Resistin, resistance training, intense interval training, aerobic exercise, combined exercise, adipokine, leptin, adiponectin and resistin were performed to retrieve articles published in the period from 2010 to 2023.

The results obtained from the study showed that aerobic exercise with moderate intensity (60 to 80%) reduces the leptin levels of diabetic patients, however, the effect of combined exercises (aerobic and resistance) is much greater than other types of exercises. In addition, aerobic exercises with moderate intensity (50 to 70%) lead to an increase in adiponectin levels in diabetic patients, however, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) had a greater effect in increasing adiponectin levels than other exercises. Also, studies showed that all three types of activities, aerobic exercise (50-70% intensity), intense intermittent exercise, and resistance exercise (30-70% 1RM) have the same effects in reducing the resistance levels of diabetic patients.

Aerobic exercises with medium and high intensity and especially combined exercises (aerobic and resistance) while improving adipokines, decreasing leptin and resistin levels, and also increasing adiponectin in diabetic patients.

Leptin and adiponectin are adipokines produced by fat cells and play an important role in obesity. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of low-calorie diet (LCD) and exercise (Exe) on leptin and adiponectin in middle-aged and elderly adults with overweight and obesity.

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, SID, Magiran, and Google scholar databases for English and Persian articles published until August 2023. The effect size and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the random effect model.

The results of 25 studies with 2063 middle-aged and elderly people with overweight and obesity showed that the combination of exercise and diet compared to exercise alone causes a significant decrease in serum leptin [SMD=-0.4, P=0.001], and a significant increase in serum adiponectin [SMD=0.17, P=0.02] in middle-aged and elderly adults with overweight and obesity. Also, findings showed that the diet compared to exercise alone causes a decrease in serum leptin [SMD=-0.16, P=0.1], and a significant increase in serum adiponectin [SMD=0.05, P=0.7] in middle-aged and elderly adults with overweight and obesity. Also, diet compared to exercise alone does not cause a significant change in serum leptin [SMD=-0.11, P=0.2], and serum adiponectin [SMD=0.02, P=0.8] in middle-aged and elderly adults with overweight and obesity.

It is suggested that middle-aged and elderly people to achieve hypoleptinemia and hyperadiponectinemia, use a combination Include exercise training and low-calorie diet in your lifestyle.

Background and Objectives Obesity-induced metabolic disorders are related to the metabolic syndrome. The present study aimed to assess the effect of high-intensity interval training on body mass index (BMI) and serum levels of leptin, asprosin, insulin, and fasting glucose in inactive obese women. Subjects and Methods In this quasi-experimental research, 24 sedentary obese women were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to two groups of exercise and control(n=12 in each group). The intervention involved three sessions of high-intensity weekly interval training per week for 10 weeks. The control group did not receive any exercise intervention. Fasting blood samples were obtained 24 hours before the commencement of the intervention and 72 hours after the last training session. Statistical analysis involved paired sample t-tests and covariance analysis. Results Based on the results, after the intervention, there was a significant decrease in asprosin (η2=0.352; F=0.390; P=0.003), leptin (η2=0.478; F=19.229; P< 0.001) and insulin (η2=0.681; F=44.828; P<0.001) levels in the intervention group compared to the control group. Nonetheless, no significant difference was observed in BMI and fasting blood glucose (P>0.05). Conclusion As evidenced by the results of this research, high-intensity interval training had positive effects on cytokines related to energy homeostasis and hyperinsulinemia in obese women without causing any weight change.

Exercise and diet are two major interventions that control obesity. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training during the ketogenic diet (HIIT-KD) and moderate-intensity continuous aerobic training during the ketogenic diet (MICT-KD) on the appetite, appetite hormones, and body composition in overweight and obese females.

In this semi-experimental research, 36 overweight or obese inactive women participated in this study and were randomly divided into three groups, including ketogenic diet (KD), MICT-KD, and HIIT-KD. The training groups exercised six weeks and three sessions per week interval running with 85-95 % HRmax or continuous running with 60-70 % HRmax along with following KD. Fasting blood sampling was performed before and after the intervention to measure hormones. Body composition was measured by the electrical bioimpedance method, and appetite was measured by visual analog scale. The mixed two-way ANOVA test, Bonferroni’s test, and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis.

No significant differences were observed in the serum level of leptin, acylated ghrelin, and leptin to ghrelin ratio between the three groups (P>0.05). The feeling of hunger, satiety, and fullness did not differ significantly between the three groups (P>0.05). The Prospective food consumption in the MICT-KD group showed a significant decrease compared to other groups (P=0.001). There was no significant difference in body weight, body fat percent, body water, and muscle volume between the groups (P>0.05).

There were no differences between the two types of exercise during a ketogenic diet on appetite hormones and body composition in overweight or obese women. Furthermore, both types of exercise during a ketogenic diet had no superiority over the ketogenic diet alone. Prospective food consumption was reduced in the MICT-KD group compared to the other two groups.

Asprosin and leptin are two adipokines related to appetite and metabolic disorders. The present study aimed to determine the effect of ten weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training on body mass index and serum levels of leptin, asprosin, insulin, and fasting blood sugar in sedentary obese women.

In the current semi-experimental research that was conducted on obese women in 2023 in Tehran, Iran, 24 sedentary obese women were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of 12, including training and control groups. In the training group, sports intervention was performed for ten weeks and three sessions per week, and during the research, the control group did not receive sports intervention. To evaluate the investigated variables on two occasions, 24 hours before the start of training interventions and 72 hours after the last training session, fasting blood was taken. For statistical analysis, dependent t-tests and covariance analysis were used. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 26 software and significance level (p<0.05).

The average age and body mass index in the training group were 41.33±2.74 years and 32.46±2.53 kg/m2, and in the control group, was 41.0±3.19 years and 32.21±3.48 kg/m2, respectively. After the intervention period, a significant decrease in body mass index (0.951 kg/m2), asprosin (0.116 ng/ml), leptin (2.816 ng/ml), and insulin (14.34 units/l) was observed in the training group compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in FBS (p>0.05).

According to the results, moderate-intensity continuous training with asprosin and fasting leptin modulation has positive effects on the metabolic status of sedentary obese women.

Considering the roles of resistin, leptin and adiponectin in metabolic activities, especially in relationship with exercise and adipose tissue, and the lack of research in a related context this study was carried out to examine the effect of aerobic training and high-fat diet on leptin, adiponectin and resting serum levels of resistin in male rats.

This research was conducted using an experimental method. For this purpose, 28 male rats with an average weight of 152 ± 5g and the age of four weeks were divided into four groups: normal diet (N = 7), high-fat diet (N = 7), training (N = 7) and high-fat diet+ training (N = 7) groups. High-fat diet groups underwent high-fat diet (HF: 5/817 kcal/g) for 30 days. From the 60th day of life, a normal fat diet (NF: 3/801 Kcal/g) was applied Aerobic exercise wascarries out on a treadmill, for four weeks, three times a week (12 weeks from 60th to 98th days of life), 40 minutes with 50 cm/s speed. ELISA method was used to measure the biochemical markers including resistin, adiponectin and leptin. Factorial analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. If post hoc comparisons were needed to compare groups two by two, Turkey’s post hoc test was used according to the results of Levine’s test.

The resultes showed that high fat diets cause a significant increase (p = 0/001) in serum levels of leptin (12/77 ± 1/12), leptin to adiponectin ratio (0/62 ± 0/13) and resistin (4/22 ± 0/58), and a decrease in (p = 0/01) adiponectin (21/12 ± 4/28) in male rats. However, aerobic exercise was accompanied by a significantdecrease(p = 0/003) in serum levels of leptin (6/17 ± 0/96), leptin to adiponectin ratio (0/14 ± 0/03), and resistin (2/42 ± 0/69). Moreover, an increase in (p = 0/001) adiponectin serum levels (42/74 ± 4/9) was observed.

Aerobic exercise might have beneficial effects on adiponectin, leptin, and leptin toadiponectin ratio in people with high-fat diet. On the other hand, high-fat diet is associated with detrimental effects on these cytokines and resistin.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as leptin play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Exercise and food supplements are two suitable approaches to prevent the phenomenon of overweight and obesity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of total body resistance training (TRX) and omega-3 supplementation on serum leptin levels and body fat percentage in overweight and obese women.

In this semi-experimental research, 48 overweight and obese women were purposefully selected as a statistical sample and randomly divided into four groups of 12 people: 1) training, 2) supplement, 3) training +supplement, and 4) control. The subjects of the first and third groups performed the exercise training protocol (TRX) for eight weeks (Three sessions per week). Also, the subjects of the second and third groups received two 1000 mg capsules of omega-3 supplement daily, and the first and fourth groups received the same amount of placebo (Oral paraffin). At the beginning and end of the study, measuring body fat percentage using a body composition measuring device and venous blood samples were collected to measure biochemical values. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of less than 0.05.

Chronic low-grade inflammation caused by obesity disrupts the balance of adipokines. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet includes anti-inflammatory foods that have positive effects on body composition and adipose tissue. This study aims to compare the effects of the DASH diet with a low-calorie diet on serum levels of Spexin, leptin, and adiponectin in overweight and obese adults.

This randomized controlled clinical trial enrolled 120 overweight and obese adults who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) a DASH diet with reduced calories, 2) a restricted calorie diet, and 3) an isocaloric diet (control group). The intervention period lasted 12 weeks, during which serum levels of adipokines, Spexin, leptin, and adiponectin were measured at the beginning and end of the study.

After the intervention, serum levels of adiponectin significantly increased and leptin significantly decreased in the DASH group. In the low-calorie group, only the effect on adiponectin was significant. The reduction in these variables was greater in the DASH group than in the low-calorie group. The difference between the three groups was significant for leptin and adiponectin, but no significant changes were observed in Spexin levels.

The DASH diet with reduced calories was found to improve serum levels of Spexin, leptin, and adiponectin, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular factors compared to the low-calorie diet.

Obesity leads to impaired secretion and expression of adipokines in humans and causes the onset of type 2 diabetes. Although the role of regular exercise in the prevention of metabolic diseases has been reported, the mechanism of high-intensity exercise is still not well understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training on the changes in insulin, leptin and adiponectin levels in male Wistar rats with type 2 diabetes.

In this experimental study 20 male Wistar rats aged 8-10 weeks were randomly divided into four groups: Control, type 2 diabetes, exercise, and diabetes-exercise. Type 2 diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet and a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ). The rats in the exercise and diabetes-exercise groups completed 8 weeks of HIIT training (running at an intensity of 85-95% of maximum speed, intervals of 4-10). Insulin, adiponectin and leptin levels were measured in serum. Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), the Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance-beta (HOMA-β) and the Quantitative Assessment of Insulin Sensitivity Index (QUICKI) were calculated to assess insulin resistance and sensitivity.

Diabetes decreased the level of insulin, adiponectin and leptin in serum. HIIT reversed the impairments caused by diabetes. HOMA-IR, HOMA-β and QUICKI also improved in the diabetes-exercise groups.

Overall, our results confirmed that diabetes has detrimental effects on serum leptin, adiponectin and insulin indices and that HIIT training can improve these disorders.

The association of leptin with psoriasis is currently controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum leptin levels in patients with psoriasis and its relationship with the severity of the disease.

In this case-control study, serum leptin levels were measured in 40 patients with psoriasis and 40 age- and gender-matched healthy controls by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The severity of psoriasis was assessed by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.

Of 40 patients, 35 (87.5%) had plaque psoriasis, 3 (7.5%) had palmo-plantar, and one of the remaining two patients had erythrodermic psoriasis while the other one had a pustular type. The mean disease severity based on PASI was 10.2 with a range of 0.8 to 39.9. The most common sites of involvement were generalized (27.5%), upper and lower extremities together (20.0%), lower extremities alone (15%), and trunk and lower extremities (15%) in descending order. Leptin was higher in the patient group than the control group (19.2±16.3 ng/ml versus 15.5±16.1 ng/ml) (P=0.227). The correlation between leptin and body mass index was positive and significant in both groups. No significant relationship was found between the severity and duration of disease and leptin.

The findings of this study showed that similar to most studies, serum leptin levels were higher in patients with psoriasis than in healthy subjects, and in obese people, this difference was greater than in normal-weight individuals

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide that account for 82% of all deaths in developing countries. miRNA-93 (miR-93), ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), and serum leptin levels may be involved in the process of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of combined exercise on miR-93, reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and serum leptin levels in patients following coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).

A total of 20 middle-aged men (aged 50 to 60 years) were randomly assigned into two groups after CABG: experimental (n=10) and control (n=10). Combined exercise (aerobic + resistance) was done three times a week (55-60 min per session/8 weeks). mir-93, ABCA1 and serum leptin levels were measured before and after the intervention. Paired t-test was used to evaluate within group changes and analysis of covariance was used to study the differences between the groups.

Combined training led to a significant decrease in mir-93 (P=0.000) and a significant increase in the expression of ABCA1 (P=0.001) in experimental group compared with the control group. Serum leptin levels decreased significantly in experimental group (P=0.000) but they were not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.094).

It seems that combined exercise by increasing ABCA1and decreasing mir-93 and leptin levels can help in prevention and control of CAD as well as speeding up the healing process in CABG patients.

Leptin is associated with metabolic disorders and promotes the development of liver steatosis to steatohepatitis. It selectively increases the secretion of Tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-a) in response to saturated fatty acid. The general purpose of this research was to determine the effects of eight weeks of continuous training and silymarin supplementation on the serum levels of TNF-α and leptin in Wistar rats with fatty liver disease.

In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats aged three weeks and weighting 159±3 grams were randomly divided into five groups: normal diet/saline, high-fat diet/saline (control), high-fat diet/supplemented, high-fat diet/exercise/saline, and high-fat diet/exercise/supplement. The rats were fed 10 grams per 100 grams of body weight (standard diet 13% fat and high-fat diet 41% fat) for eight weeks, and silymarin (140 mg per kilogram body weight) were given by gavage for 2 weeks. The continuous aerobic exercise protocol consisted 30 minutes of treadmill running at 70-75% of VO2max for eight weeks, five days a week. After sacrificing the animals, samples were taken and sent to the laboratory for histological analysis. The expression of leptin and TNF-α in the liver was measured using commercial ELISA kits.

The findings showed a greater decrease in hepatic leptin concentration in the high-fat diet + continuous exercise + supplement group (P<0.05) compared to the high-fat diet + continuous exercise + saline group (P<0.05). Tukey's post hoc test showed a greater decrease in the concentration of hepatic TNF-α in the high-fat diet + saline group (compared to the high-fat diet + supplement group) (P<0.05), and the high-fat + exercise + saline group (P<0.05). The weight of the rats in the normal diet + saline group differed significantly from other groups (P<0.05).

The results indicated that the combination of continuous training with silymarin supplementation can help reduce leptin and TNF-α in rats with a high-fat diet, an effect not observed by silymarin supplementation alone. Therefore, the combination of continuous aerobic exercises and silymarin supplementation can further oxidize fat and reduce inflammation in the body.

Today's modern man is experiencing two parallel trends, a decrease in average sleep duration and an increase in body mass index. As an important process, sleep plays an important role in most body functions. Human and animal studies suggest that short sleep duration is a new risk factor for weight gain and obesity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mutual effect of sleep deprivation and exercise on the response of neural and hormonal mediators of satiety centers in the hypothalamus.

Literature review was performed inresearch databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar with keywords sleep deprivation, sleep deprivation, short sleep, insomnia, obesity, weight gain, body mass index, exercise, and physical activity.

It seems that people participating in special weight loss exercises should be informed about the increase in fasting hunger so that they eat fewer caloriesat least for breakfast. Also, considering the effect of an exercise session on increasing the satiety induced bya meal, it is suggested that breakfast be postponed until after the end of each exercise session as much as possible.

Lycopene is a lipophilic carotenoid found in high quantities in tomatoes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lycopene on serum concentrations of leptin, cholecystokinin, neuropeptide Y, and body weight changes in adult female rats.

In this experimental study, 32 adult female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 8 including control, Sham, and two experimental groups receiving lycopene (at concentrations of 5 and 10 mg / kg). Lycopene was administered to the animals by gavage. Twenty-nine days after the start of the experiment and after weighing the animals, blood samples were taken from heart and serum concentrations of cholecystokinin, leptin, and neuropeptide Y were measured. Results were analyzed using ANOVA statistical test and Duncan's test at significance level of p≤0.05.

Lycopene at concentration of 10 mg/kg significantly increased leptin and cholecystokinin while  significantly reduced neuropeptide Y, and decreased average body weight compared to the control group (P).

Obesity and overweight in addition to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, greatly effects reproductive health as well. Although the positive effects of exercise on weight control and minimizing cardiovascular risk factors has been proven, the effects may vary depending on the type and intensity of the exercise. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of 6 weeks of aerobic, resistance and combined training on the serum leptin levels and cardiovascular risk factors in inactive obese girls.

Twenty-eight obese inactive girl volunteers of age between 20-27 years old participated in this study. The subjects were randomly placed into one of four groups (aerobic, resistant, combined and control). Serum levels of leptin, body mass index, body fat percentage, lipid profile and WHR were measured at baseline and after exercise training. Training program lasted for six weeks and it was carried out 3 times per week. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis at a (P < 0.05).

After 6 weeks of exercise training, serum levels of leptin in all three groups decreased significantly compared to the control group
(P < 0.001). Also, six weeks of aerobic, resistance and combined training significantly reduced body fat percentage, body mass index, cholesterol and triglycerides (P < 0.001). In comparison between the groups, combined exercises had a more favorable effect on reducing leptin levels and cardiovascular risk factors.

Combined exercise appears to be more effective in reducing serum leptin and cardiovascular risk factors in inactive obese girls

Besides a source of energy storage, adipose tissue acts as an endogenous tissue and plays an important role in maintaining the balance of the body's metabolism through secreting specific hormones and cytokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of date palm pollen extract and resistance training on adipose tissue metabolism and expression of secretory factors in male rats.

This experimental study was conducted on control and test groups. Thirty male Sprago-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups of: control, resistance training, date pollen extract treatment, testosterone treatment, date pollen extract treatment + resistance training, testosterone treatment + resistance training. Date pollen extract was prepared and fed to rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg for four weeks. Testosterone enanthate at a dose of 2 mg/kg was injected into the target groups every day. The resistance training protocol, including ladder climbing with weights equivalent to 65% of the body weight of rats was performed for four weeks. Histopathological assessments were performed by H&E staining and the expression levels of leptin and IGF-1 genes were evaluated by real-time PCR. The resulting data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests at a significance of p<0.05.

The results showed that taking date pollen extract and doing resistance exercises at the same time caused a significant decrease in leptin gene expression (p<0.05). Also, treatment with testosterone + resistance training led to a significant decrease in the expression of IGF-1 (p<0.05) and leptin (p<0.05) genes.

It could be concluded that resistance training combined with treatment with date pollen extract may be effective in the reduction of IGF-1 and Leptin gene expression as well as decrease in the number of adipocytes in the adipose tissue.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise on serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in obese children and adolescents.

A systematic search of the published Persian- and English-language studies from PubMed, Web of Science, SID, and Magiran databases was done using related keywords up to February 2022. After selecting articles based on the inclusion criteria, a result meta-analysis was performed. Effect size (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Also, the I2 test was used to determine the heterogeneity, and the Funnel plot test and Egger’s test were used to determine publication bias.

The results of 24 studies on 985 obese children and adolescents showed that exercise caused a significant decrease in serum leptin [SMD=-0.94 (CI:-1.25 to -0.62) p=0.001] but a significant increase in serum adiponectin [SMD=0.85 (CI:0.48 to 1.22) p=0.001]. Also, the meta-regression results showed that the duration and effect of exercise were not significantly correlated with serum leptin levels in obese children and adolescents (r=-0.03, P=0.13) but were significantly correlated with serum adiponectin levels in obese children (r=-0.07, P=0.001).

The present study results showed that both types of exercises (resistance and aerobic) reduced the circulating levels of leptin but increased adiponectin in obese children and adolescents.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6 weeks of aerobic, resistance, combination (aerobic + resistance) training on serum leptin levels and cardiovascular risk factors in inactive obese girls.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical sample of this study included 28 inactive obese girls who did not participate in any specific exercise program and were voluntarily selected and randomly divided into 4 groups (control, aerobic, resistance). , Combined) were divided into 7 people. Subjects in the aerobic exercise group (3 sessions per week, 40-60 minutes, 60% -70% of maximum heart rate), resistance training and the combined training group (resistance + Aerobic) practiced three sessions a week. Blood samples were collected one day before and 24 hours after the last training session.

The results of this study showed that the mean difference in the amount of leptin in the experimental group compared to the control group showed a significant decrease (P = 0.001). Also, 6 weeks of aerobic, resistance and combined training (resistance + aerobic) caused a significant reduction in fat mass (P = 0.001), body mass (P = 0.002), cholesterol (P = 0.001) and triglyceride (001). / 0 = P). The results of the variables show a significant increase in the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = 0.002).

Combined exercise (resistance + aerobics) seems to be more effective in reducing serum leptin and cardiovascular risk factors in obese people.

Adiponectin and leptin are two peptide hormones that regulate energy balance. In this study, ratio of leptin to adiponectin, along with the insulin resistance index, is a good indicator for the diagnostic purposes of obesity and diabetes.

Sixty obese women aged 35-45 years (BMI ≥30) were divided into four groups: control, exercise, massage, and exercise+massage. Aerobic exercise included aerobic training, 8weeks, 3days/week, that bigan with 25 minutes and 55% of HRmax, and in the last week reached 40 minutes and 85% of HRmax. Massage was performed by LPG device for 30 minutes, 3days/week and 8 weeks. The combined group performed an exercise program after 30 minutes of massage. Blood samples were taken from the vein of the left hand, bifor and 48h after the exercise and massage intervention, and after 12h of fasting. were measured the Leptin, adiponectin,insulin and glucose levels . In order to analized the data, one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test was used at a significance level of p≥0.05.

The levels of glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, fat percentage, BMI, leptin, adiponectin, and leptin/adiponectin in the post-test of exercise+massage group were significantly changed compared with post-test of three groups, (p=0.001).

Performing aerobic exercise with massage on glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, leptin and adiponectin levels seems to be more effective than exercise and massage alone.