جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « نوزادان نارس » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

To control complications in infants with respiratory distress syndrome, surfactants and auxiliary drugs such as budesonide are used to reduce the inflammatory reactions of the airways. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of intratracheal administration of survanta and survanta with budesonide in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

This clinical trial included 50 premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome, hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit in Qazvin Children's Hospital, in 2019. The patients were divided into two groups. One group (25 cases) received intratracheal survanta (1 milliliter) + budesonide (0.25 milligram) and the other group (25 cases) received only intratracheal survanta. Using SPSS 21 software, data were analyzed by  descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact and T-test (p<0.05).

In the survanta+budesonide group, we found intraventricular hemorrhage in 50% and also death in 50% of the cases. In the pregnant women over 31 years of age and female infants receiving survanta + budesonide, no complications were seen. The effect of Survanta + budesonide compared to survanta on reducing complications in the infants (p = 0.048), in regard to the mothers' age group; 31 years and under 31 years (p = 0.049), and over 31 years of age (p = 0.046), female (p=0.047) and male (p=0.050) showed  significant differences.

Administering survanta with budesonide resulted in better efficacy and fewer side effects. Budesonide can be used as an adjuvant treatment. Appropriate therapeutic measures are important for the improvement and survival of the newborns with respiratory distress syndrome.

Mothers of preterm infants have some challenges in comprehending the maternal role. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention on maternal role adaptation and anxiety among mothers with preterm infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).

This was an interventional study with pre- and post-test design. Participants were 72 mothers selected through convenience method. Then they were divided in two groups randomly (36 samples per intervention and control groups). Data were collected by demographic questionnaire, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Adaptation to Maternal Role Questionnaire (AMRQ). Interventions included seven training sessions to clarify and practice intended topics. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 24 software.

The mean maternal role adaptation after the training course increased and showed a significant improvement compared with before the intervention (130.78, SD = 9.94 vs. 113.64, SD = 15.90; P = 0.001). Also, a significant decrease was observed between the mean anxiety score of mothers in the intervention group before and after education (101.89, SD =7.82 vs. 91.83, SD = 8.83; P =0. 001). No significant difference was observed among the control group either for maternal role or anxiety.

Mothers training reduces anxiety and increases maternal role adaptation of mothers of preterm infants. It is suggested that mothers training be used as one of support programs to reduce the anxiety level of mothers in the neonatal intensive care unit.

 Antibiotics are one of the most commonly used drugs that help to heal and treat diseases, but improper administration and excessive use of them can increase length of stay and cost of hospitalization. The purpose of this study was to analyze relationship between experimental use of antibiotics and duration of stay of premature infants admitted to Mahdiyeh hospital in Tehran.

This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out in 2019 on 159 premature infants admitted to intensive care ward of Mahdiyeh hospital in Tehran were investigated. The study tool was a questionnaire that validity of questionnaire was measured by content analysis method and reliability of questionnaire was measured by Cronbach’s alpha method. Data analysis was done using SPSS software, with help of descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage and statistical test of one-way analysis of variance and independent t-test.

The results showed that 52.2% of infants were girls and 79.9% of deliveries were performed by cesarean section. The average length of stay of infants was 31.47 days and average birth of infants was 30 weeks. According to results of study, there was a significant relationship between length of hospitalization of infants with duration of antibiotic treatment and number of periods of receiving antibiotics (P<0.05). The duration of hospitalization of infants with a period of receiving less than 14 days of antibiotics was almost half of duration of hospitalization of infants with more than 14 days of receiving antibiotics. Also, there was a significant relationship between number of antibiotic courses and length of hospitalization of patients (P<0.05). With increase in number of antibiotic sessions, duration of hospitalization of infants increased significantly. The results of study showed that there was a significant relationship between birth weight of babies, cost of bed, and total cost of experimental administration of antibiotics (P<0.05).

Considering that rational use of antibiotics reduce length of stay of hospitalized infants, Ministry of Health should develop an updated and transparent antibiotic adminstration protocol for premature infants and awareness physicians to inform particularly prescription of antibiotics and implementation of stewardship antibiotic programs in neonatal intensive care unit. Also the publication of standard treatment guidelines, instructions including importance of prescribing antibiotics with correct dose and clinical education of physicians are necessary.

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is one of the congenital disorders in premature neonates, which is strongly associated with increased mortality in them. Currently, echocardiography is the method of choice for detecting PDA, and due to the high cost of this method and its lack of easy access, finding a suitable and low-cost alternative method, including the use of clinical parameters to quickly detect PDA in premature neonates and determine the cases in need Treatment is very important. Therefore, in this study, we decided to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of clinical criteria in the diagnosis of PDA in comparison with the echocardiography method.Preterm neonates refer to neonates who are born before 37 weeks from the first day of the last menstrual period (1) due to developmental delay and also weakness in the immune system, these neonates are about 40 times more than neonates with normal weight at risk ofmortality (2). The ductus arteriosus is a vein that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta. This duct is the fetal vascular connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta artery, which diverts blood from the pulmonary bed to the systemic circulation during the fetal period (3). In the uterus, blood is shunted from the lungs due to the high pressure in the lungs. Therefore, the blood leaves the right ventricle, enters the ductus arteriosus, and from there enters the aorta (4). The ductus arteriosus contracts after birth and usually closes within 72 hours after birth. If this active contraction does not occur after birth, the ductus arteriosus will remain open. Usually, within 10 to 15 hours after birth, this contraction causes the functional closure of the ductus arteriosus, which starts from the side of the pulmonary artery and finally progresses to the end of the aorta (5). Therefore, keeping this duct open causes the oxygen-rich blood in the aorta to mix with the deoxygenated blood flowing in the pulmonary artery. Therefore, a lot of blood is transferred to the lungs, which increases the pressure on the heart, increases the blood pressure in the pulmonary veins, and also impairs the ventilation of the lungs (6). A large blood shunt from the ductus arteriosus increases pulmonary blood flow and also decreases systemic blood flow (7). Neonates with reduced systemic blood circulation are exposed to dangerous complications such as increased systolic and diastolic pressure, increased oxygen demand, pulmonary edema, tachycardia, active pericardium, heart failure, intracerebral hemorrhage, pulmonary hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis (8).

This cross-sectional study was conducted on preterm neonates with PDA and preterm neonates without PDA who were admitted to the NICU department of Akbarabadi Hospital in Tehran during 2017 and 2018. In this study, 124 preterm neonates with a gestational age of 25 to 37 weeks were included in the study. Preterm neonates with convulsions, life-threatening infections, clinical or radiographic evidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, evidence of hemorrhage, congenital neurological disorders, metabolic and genetic syndromes, pulmonary hypoplasia syndrome, congenital heart anomalies, and other fatal abnormalities. , were excluded from the study. Also, a checklist was provided in which case and demographic information related to preterm neonates was recorded. Parameters such as birth age, height and weight, gender, duration of hospitalization in NICU, duration of mechanical ventilation, history of any underlying or congenital disease (such as heart and lung disease, sepsis, other infectious diseases, diseases respiratory, history of cardiac arrest, etc.), neurological diseases, type of birth (NVD or cesarean section), gestational age, mothers' age were also recorded. After initial examinations and selection of patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, various clinical parameters in newborns including heart rate, peripheral pulse status, precordial pulse status, heart murmur status, cardiothoracic ratio, first minute Apgar score and Fifth, the deterioration of the respiratory condition was investigated in terms of physical and clinical examinations. A heart rate less than 160 was given a score of zero, a heart rate between 160 and 180 was given a score of 1, and a heart rate greater than 180 was given a score of 2. Cardiothoracic ratio less than 0.6, 0.6 to 0.65 and more than 0.65 were determined with zero, 1 and 2 scores, respectively. The status without murmur, systolic murmur and diastolic murmur were defined with 0, 1 and 2 scores, respectively. Normal peripheral pulse score zero, brachial banding score 1, brachial and dorsalis pedis banding score 2, precordial pulse not visible and not palpable with score 0, palpable precordial pulse with score 1 and visible precordial pulse with score 2.  The scores of each of the clinical criteria were added together and a score equal to or greater than 3 was considered to be associated with the incidence of hemodynamically significant PDA. Then echocardiography was performed in the examined neonates by an experienced pediatric cardiologist. The results of this research were analyzed by SPSS software. In this study, p value equal to or less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. To determine the sensitivity and specificity of clinical factors in determining PDA requiring treatment, the ROC diagram and the area under the ROC curve were used. The results related to the sensitivity and specificity of each of the physical and clinical examinations as a factor in the diagnosis of active PDA in need of treatment were compared with echocardiography results.

Based on statistical analysis and ROC curve performed in this study, the relationship between scores calculated based on Clinical criteria were demonstrated with PDA. Based on this, it can be said that by measuring clinical criteria and calculating the score can be detected PDA.  Also based on the ROC curve analysis at point (score) 3, the sensitivity value is 65% and the specificity value is 95%, and at point (score) 2 the sensitivity value is 90% and the specificity value is 87%.

AUC = 0.94 for the diagnosis of hs-PDA indicates the fact that the definition of the score parameter based on the clinical criteria presented in this research can help in the diagnosis of PDA without echo. Only the difference between the pre-ductal and post-ductal oxygen saturation and the intensity of the dorsalis pedis pulse should be taken into account. Also, since the level of sensitivity is higher in the score of two, and this means that the false negative cases are less in the score of two, therefore, the score of two can be a more appropriate score for detecting cases that need treatment. According to the ROC curve of 5 clinical criteria for the diagnosis of hemodynamically PDA, the order of effectiveness of these 5 criteria are CTR, precordial pulse, heart murmur, heart rate and peripheral pulse respectively.

The birth of a premature baby shocks parents a lot. Although fathers also experience high levels of anxiety, they have received little attention and research. In order to focus on family care, this study was conducted to determine the effect of the first skin contact of fathers with premature infants hospitalized on their anxiety in the neonatal intensive care unit.

This study was a randomized clinical trial with two experimental and control groups. 72 fathers of premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Shohada-e-Kargar Hospital were selected. In the experimental group, fathers made skin-to-skin contact with their infants for half an hour. In the control group, no intervention was performed. The level of anxiety in the experimental and control groups before and after the intervention was determined using the Spielberger Anxiety Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using t-test and Chi-square statistical tests in SPSS 16 software.

The results showed that before the intervention in the experimental group, the mean scores of trait and state anxiety were 54.28±16.26 and 50.36±14.66, respectively, these mean scores in the control group, were 59.81±14.48 and 58.86±15.41, respectively, which was not statistically significant. However, after the intervention, the mean scores of trait (47.92±10.1) and state anxiety (48.47±9.7) of the experimental group compared to the mean scores of trait (57.72±14.65) and state anxiety (62.47±14.16) of the control group decreased, which showed a statistically significant difference (p<0/05).

According to the results, making the first skin contact reduces the level of anxiety in fathers of premature infants.

Objective (s):

Hospitalization of premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is associated with stress and anxiety. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of stress management training on stress and anxiety level of the mothers of premature infants admitted to NICU.

The present study was a quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all mothers of infants admitted to NICU in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital. Using convenient sampling method, 60 mothers were selected and randomly assigned in two groups the experimental and the control groups. Both groups completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale Questionnaire (DASS-21) in the pre-test and post-test stages. Experimental group received stress management for eight weeks including a 90-minutes training session twice per week. The control group receive the routine care. The pre- and post-test data was analyzed to achieve the study objective.

The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of the stress and anxiety scores of the experimental group were 16.33 ± 1.88 and 15.30 ± 2.18 in the pre-test and 12.13 ± 1.91 and 10.41 ± 1.99 in the post-test. also the mean and standard deviation of the stress and anxiety scores of the control group were 15.97 ± 1.81 and 15.07  ±1.96 in the pre-test and 15.63 ± 2.15 and 14.90 ± 1.82 in the post-test. Therefore, stress management training has significantly reduced the stress scores and anxiety of mothers of premature infants admitted to the intensive care unit in the experimental group (P<0.001).

Stress management training can be used as an effective intervention to reduce stress and anxiety in preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care units.

Neonatal care have changed dramatically over the last year by coronavirus epidemic in the world .Besides, the current situation seems to continue for a long time .in addition premature infants are at risk for various disorders in their motor and cognitive development compared to adult infants. Therefore, in order to minimize the developmental problems caused by prematurity, this community needs to receive timely interventions in the golden time of hospitalization in neonatal intensive care units and after discharge. Researches are looking for an alternative way to provide services in case the coronavirus has affected the outcomes of the parents and neonates and the necessity of providing early intervention .Therefore using telemedicine for giving services from distance can be a helpful method .Consequently, by considering the corona pandemic and limited studies about telemedicine in this field, the present study is a review of the history of telemedicine in neonatal care and it's uses, to collect related documents in a single article, as a result it can be helpful for cilinical use of this method.The use of telemedicine in the field of infants dates back to 1998, when equipment was used to communicate live with the parents of premature infants admitted to the NICU to see their infants (2).  After the outbreak of coronavirus, there has been a significant increase in the use of this method by therapist(3). The advantages of this method include the following:  1- Ease of providing medical services by doctors and therapists to clients at long distances without physical presence. 2. Improving the accessibility and usefulness of services  3- Ability to provide information in the form of multimedia and multidimensional (audio, text, photos, videos, etc.)  4. Cost-effectiveness and savings in resource use (4).Most of the published articles on telemedicine in the field of neonates are related to the diagnosis of premature retinopathy (2). As a result of this research, Isaac et al. Believe that depending on the location and number of premature infants, using telemedicine to diagnose ROP may be more cost-effective and a good economic choice compared to individual and face-to-face examinations (5).Another group of researchers preferred the video calling method to find the most effective way to provide information through telemedicine. (6, 7) Despite presenting the results of the effectiveness of telemedicine on parent-infant factors such as increasing mother-infant attachment, reducing maternal stress and parent-infant relationships, other researchers conducted clinical trials and compared the effectiveness of providing services on parental and neonatal factors through telemedicine. In contrast, the face-to-face approach encourages (8-10).

This study is a review study that used domestic and foreign databases for collecting information between 2015 to 2020 . A total of 126 articles were found, which after reading the title and number of abstracts of 94 articles were excluded from the study due to lack of relevance or repetition of topics. Out of the remaining 32 articles, 15 were excluded from the study after reviewing their full text, which did not meet the inclusion criteria, and finally 17 articles were included in the present study.

Preterm infants are at risk of various disorders in their motor and cognitive development compare to term infants. Therefore, parental education is important because the main caregivers of infants are their parents. Due to the recent improvment of communication technologies, the use of telemedicine in the field of infants is developing day by day. The evidence of using telemedicine has shown that using this method increases the access of specialists to infants, reduces unnecessary transfer of infants, reduces referrals after discharge and thus reduces costs and mother_infant separation. In addition, the use of this method of treatment in the current situation leads to the observance of the principles of quarantine and social distance and also does not interfere with the use of golden time in the treatment of infants.Considering the increasing use of telemedicine in the field of infants and the importance of leading issues for organizations and institutions for the practical implementation of this program, further studies in the field of laws and regulations governing it, examining its effectiveness compared to face-to-face method, how to present the program Remote evaluations in the field of neonates, funding, and how to determine the target group are suggested.

With the prevalence of coronavirus and emphasis on minimal interpersonal communication and avoidance of referrals to medical centers as much as possible and also considering the condition of premature infants and the importance of productivity of golden time in order to get the best results Health professionals are looking for an alternative way to provide services to parents of premature infants. It seems that one of these ways is to provide remote services by using new technologies. Telemedicine is a suitable platform for providing services and multi-purpose information This way makes it easier to work, increases access and reduces economic costs.So far, various specialists use this method in diagnosing neonatal retinopathy, parents education and home care training And other purposes. Therefore, due to the importance of this field and increasing use of it And the importance of leading issues for organizations and institutions to implement this program in practice, Further studies in the field of laws and regulations governing it, examining its effectiveness in comparison with the face-to-face method, How to provide programs and remote assessments in the field of infants, Funding and how to determine the target group is suggested.

Health literacy as one of the effective social components in community health needs special attention. This is especially important for mothers who are responsible for caring for their premature babies. Nurses, as the front line of communication with these mothers, are obliged to recognize and select effective methods to promote health literacy in this group. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of teach-back education on the health literacy level of mothers of premature neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).

In this quasi-experimental study, 128 mothers with premature neonates who had referred to the NICU of hospitals affiliated to the Iran University of Medical Sciences were. Mothers were nonrandomly divided into experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, the educational needs of the mother were determined through the Parent Health Literacy Activities questionnaire. Then, education to the mothers was done in a teach-back approach. In the control group, mothers received routine care. Maternal health literacy levels in both groups were assessed before and three months after discharge.

There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of health literacy score before the intervention (P=0.372). However, the health literacy score was higher in the experimental group compared to control group three months after the intervention (P<0.001). In addition, there was a significant difference in the health literacy score before and three months after the intervention in the experimental group (P<0.001). In the control group, there was no significant difference in terms of the health literacy score before and three months after the intervention (P=0.059).

This study showed that teach-back education improves the health literacy of mothers with premature neonates. Therefore, it is suggested that nurses use this educational method to improve the health literacy of mothers with premature neonates during discharge.

This study compares feeding behaviors and problems of in term Infants and preterm infants at 6 months corrected age.

The study was of observational-sectional type (descriptive and analytic) and sampling was one-step cluster probability of the available population in the form of the whole number. Feeding behaviors of 90 infants, including 60 term infants and 30 preterm infants, were assessed by speech and language pathologists through interviews with parents and recorded in a questionnaire. The information in this questionnaire includes feeding behaviors, feeding problems, feeding period, infant weight at 2, 4, 6 months and the age of the child to start complementary feeding . SPSS software version 24 was used to analyze the data. In all the present study, P value less than 5% was considered as a significant level.

The results showed that the two groups were significantly different in the mean score of feeding behavior (p = 0.001), feeding problems (p = 0.047) and weight gain (p <0.001). While in feeding duration (p = 0.53) and Frequency of feeding (p = 0.1) there was no significant difference. Of the 90 infants studied, more than 80% of them started feeding in the form of puree in the age group of 4-6 months.

Conclusions:

 Premature infants have more feeding problems and less weight gain than normal infants. It is recommended that the speech and language pathologist evaluate and intervene appropriately for oral skills and nutrition of premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.

 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a syndrome with some symptoms and caused by exposure to life-threatening accidents. Listening to the Holy Quran is one of interventions that can reduce the severity of this disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Voice of Holy Quran on post- traumatic stress in mothers of premature infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit.

 This clinical trial study was carried out on 46 mothers of premature neonates hospitalized in Yazd Shohadaye Kargar Hospital in 2018. Samples were selected by convenience sampling and then they were randomly assigned to two groups of the Holy Quran voice and control. For the Holy Quran voice group, Maryam sura with the sound of Parhizgar was playing for 20 minutes daily in the evening shift during two weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.

 Mean severity of post-traumatic stress disorder in the experimental and control groups was not significantly different before the intervention (p= 0.55) but after intervention, this difference was significant (p=0). It was lower in the Holy Quran voice group than the control group.

Voice of Holy Quran can be used as a valuable, effective and low cost method to reduce post-traumatic stress disorder in mothers with premature infants in accordance with Islamic culture in Iranian society.

Prevention or reduction of pain is especially important in premature infants who are subjected to more repetitive painful procedures that are necessary for their survival and uncontrolled pain in this type of infant leads to permanent damage to the components of growth and cognitive development and changes in response to subsequent painful stimuli. The present study aims to study the effects of oral 20% sucrose on severity of pain during venipuncture in premature neonates in Motahari hospital of Urmia, Iran, 2019-2020.

In this a double-blind randomized controlled trial, 100 premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Motahhari Educational and Medical Center in Urmia in the second half of 2019) were assigned to three groups of sucrose 20% (50 infants) and control group (50 infants). Then, the behavioral response of infants with NIPS instrument before, 2 and 7 minutes after the vasodilation process was evaluated and recorded as a processor by direct observation of the infant by the researcher.

The results showed that the mean score of pain before and 2 and 7 minutes after the intervention in sucrose group was equal to (4.78±0.91), (3.18±1.15) and (3.02±1.02) and in the control group (4.84±0/79). 4), (4.94±0.79) and (4.72±0.96). The trend of variable response (pain scores) was not the same over time between the two groups of sucrose, and control, and statistically significant differences were observed in the mean pain scores at different times (P <0.001). Prior to the intervention, the mean of all three groups was approximately the same and in the control group, during the following periods, the averages were almost similar and did not change significantly with each other.

According to the findings of the present study, oral solutions of sucrose 20% is effective in relieving pain in infants after venipuncture. Because this method is simple, safe, and easy to use, it is recommended for clinical routine use as an effective intervention.

This study aims to investigate the complications and outcomes of premature neonates with very low birth weight in Shahid Motahari Hospital of Urmia in 2017. In this longitudinal descriptive study, all the premature infants with less than 37 weeks of gestation and birth weight less than 1500 grams that were born in Shahid Motahari Hospital of Urmia during the second six months of the year 2017 and were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of this center were included in the study. Information regarding the complications of the prematurity and low birth weight were recorded on the checklist. All the data were analyzed by SPSS version 21. Of the 97 infants, 52 (53.6%) were male and 45 (46.3%) were female. The mean birth weight was 1392.06±137.7 gr. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was the most common disorder among neonates and it was observed in 70 premature infants (72.1%). Of the 82 neonates born with cesarean section, 55 neonates (67.1%) were discharged from the hospital and 27 neonates (32.9%) died. It can be concluded that the rate of neonatal recovery and discharge in the study population is comparable to that in most developing countries. In other words, increasing the healing rate, especially in newborns weighing less than 1500 grams, improving the quality of perinatal cares, reducing preterm labor and the rate of the births with low birth weight, leveling the perinatal services and personnel training to restore standards in the delivery room, the early use of the NCPAP, improving the parenteral nutrition status, and the transmission process of infants, and standardizing the care protocols of these newborns will decrease mortality and morbidity without long-term complications in this group of infants in the future.

preterm birth is a stressful event for families. This study was conducted to determine the parental stress sources and some related factors in mothers of premature s Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units. In a cross-sectional design study, a total number of 153 mothers with Premature Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units were recruited through the convenient sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, and Miles’s parental stress tool. This Likert scaled tool contained three dimensions of “sights and sound, baby looks and behaves and change in parental role. The factors related to sight and sounds (3.43±1.33) were considered as the most important stressor for mothers. The factors related to change in parental role (3.30±0.86) and baby looks and behaves (2.90±0.87) were in the next order, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient showed a direct significant correlation between the gestational age and birth weight and an indirect significant correlation between the number of hospitalization days with parental stress (p<0.05). Also, based on Spearman's correlation coefficient, the connection of newborns to ventilator had a direct and significant statistical relationship with parental stress (p<0.05). Based on the results, the necessity of interventions to reduce the stress of mothers of premature infants admitted to the intensive care unit is necessary, especially in the context of environmental factors causing tension in mothers of neonates with lower birth weight, lower gestational age and mothers of neonates connected to ventilator and mothers of infants who are stay for a longer period in NICU

One of important factors in developing postpartum depression is social support This is known that those mothers who have premature or sick babies need to earn more social support to reduce their extra anxiety during postpartum period in comparison with other members of the society. So in this study we decided to evaluate the relation between postpartum depression and the level of social support in mothers who have premature newborn infants. The current research is a descriptive-correlative study which held on 100 mums of discharged premature neonates from Shahid Sadoughi NICU in 2016. The sampling method is available case selection. A checklist reviewing social support items and postpartum depression was given to the mothers. All collected data were entered to the statistic software SPSS v.17 in order to processing by the means of analytic and descriptive statistical indices with considering p-value<0.05 as the level of significant association. The final results revealed that there were some significant association (p-value<0.05): between the number of mother’s child and her social support in 3 categories(Parents, spouse parents and all), between her husband’s job and social support in 2 categories(Wife and all) and between family economical condition and social support in 3 previously mentioned categories(Wife, relatives and all). The results of this study revealed that there is a significant association between postpartum depression and the job of mother’s husband, the educational status of mother’s husband and the economical level of mother’s family. It can be concluded that the more available social support the less incidence of postpartum depression.

Canonical babbling is a crucial stage in speech and language development. Researchers have suggested that preterm infants show delay in canonical babbling plus speech and language development in future. Beckman Oral Stimulation is a sensory non-speech oral approach. Gender is one of the risk factors for delay and language impairment in preterm infants. In the present study we made an attept to investigate the effects of Beckman Oral Stimulation approach on the frequency of canonical babbling in preterm infants after six months.
Material and

A randomized clinical trial was performed on preterm infants with 28-34 weeks gestational ages in "Imam Reza" and "17th of Shahrivar" NICU hospitals in two groups. After visiting the inclusion-exclusion criteria, the recruited infants were randomly assigned to Beckman oral stimulation (n=13) and control (n=13 per group) groups. We compared and studied the infant's sensory stimulation and the effects of gender and canonical babbling between the two groups.

The findings revealed that the babbling frequency was more in girls (p : 0.021) than in boys (p: 0.029).

It seems that Beckman sensory stimulation has more effects on canonical babbling in preterm girls than in preterm boys.

The birth and hospitalization of a preterm infant in the intensive care unit is a stressful experience for parents. But on the other hand, supporting parents has been suggested as one of the main nursing roles. This study has been conducted to determine the relationship between nursing support and parents stress in mothers with premature infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units.
Material & In a descriptive correlative study, 153mothers with premature infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units participated in convenient sampling method continuously. Data was collected through using demographic questionnaire, Mile's Nurse- Parent Support Tool and Parental Stress Scale. The Parental Stress Scale included light and sounds of NICU environment, the infant's appearance and behaviour and parent's role changes. The Nurse –Parent Support Tool included four dimensions: emotional support, information-communication support, self –esteem support, and qualitative support. Data was analysed by utilizing descriptive and analytic statistics including Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression analysis in SPSS software.
Pearson correlation coefficient showed that among stressors, only factors related to light and sounds of NICU environment in all dimensions had direct relationship with the total score of received nursing support but it was poor (r=0.283p 0.05) and it was not meaningful according to multivariate linear regression analysis.86% of mothers received low nursing support and only 13.1% received high nursing support and 60.8% of them reported a lot of parental stress.
It seems that the amount of received nursing support by mothers to decrease parental stress was not enough so, planning to promote professional nursing support of mothers with premature infants in neonatal intensive care units is necessary