جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "هوش معنوی" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

 Discovering the interaction of psychological structures and the collective effect on attitudes towards marriage in our society seems to be a vital issue and addresses a significant gap in psychology and marital counseling. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship of self-esteem and spiritual intelligence with fear of marriage in college students with the mediation of mental toughness.

 The present study was descriptive-correlational in nature. The statistical population comprised all male and female students at the Islamic Azad University, Sardasht Branch, totaling 670 individuals, of whom 358 were selected through purposive sampling. For data collection, standardized tools were employed including Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (1965), King's Spiritual Intelligence Scale (2000), Ahvaz Psychological Hardiness Scale (2006), and Richard's Fear of Marriage Scale (2007). Data analysis was conducted using Spearman's correlation tests and Structural Equation Modeling on SPSS and AMOS Version 24.

 Self-esteem had a significant inverse effect on fear of marriage (β = -0.330, P < 0.001). Similarly, spiritual intelligence significantly inversely affected fear of marriage (β = -0.210, P < 0.001). Psychological hardiness also had a significant inverse effect on fear of marriage (β = -0.20, P < 0.001). The indirect effect of self-esteem on fear of marriage through psychological hardiness was significant and inverse (β = -0.054, P < 0.001). Likewise, the indirect effect of spiritual intelligence on fear of marriage through psychological hardiness was negative and significant (β = -0.062, P < 0.001).

 Self-esteem, spiritual intelligence, and psychological hardiness significantly inversely affected fear of marriage, underscoring their diminishing role in this phenomenon. Specifically, it was found that self-esteem and spiritual intelligence not only directly but also indirectly reduced fear of marriage through enhancing psychological hardiness.

Pregnancy and childbirth are natural events in the life cycle of women, but at the same time, they are considered stressful experiences that are associated with extensive psychological and physical changes in pregnant mothers. Since spirituality as a hidden source of love, pleasure, and connection with divinity, helps to strengthen and protect human beings against confusion, distress, and the stresses of daily life, it seems that spiritual intelligence can be effective in reducing stress during pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and stress in pregnant mothers referred to Alzahra Medical Education Center in Tabriz.

This study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the current study consisted of 190 pregnant women who referred to Alzahra Medical Education Center in Tabriz in 2022. They were included in the study using the availability sampling method. Questionnaires on spiritual intelligence (with subscales of understanding and connection with the source of existence and spiritual life with reliance on the inner core) and perceived stress (with subscales of negative perceived stress and positive perceived stress) were utilized for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including an independent t-test, an analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

This study showed that there was no significant difference between the mean of total perceived stress and the positive dimension of perceived stress with the demographic characteristics of the participants. However, there was a significant difference between the mean score of the negative dimension of perceived stress and the history of abortion. A significant correlation was found between the negative and positive dimensions of perceived stress and the source of existence (a small scale of spiritual intelligence), with correlation coefficients of 0.154 (P= 0.04) and 0.224 (P<0.001), respectively. Also, the correlation between the score of spiritual life with reliance on the inner core (from the subscale of spiritual intelligence) and the negative dimension of perceived stress was significant, with a correlation coefficient of 0.234 (P< 0.001).

Given the results of this study with respect to the correlation between understanding the connection with the source of existence and perceived stress in the negative and positive dimensions, it seems that women's possession of spiritual intelligence and connection with the source of existence can reduce their stress during pregnancy and ultimately improve the health status of mothers and babies.

 In order to achieve its goals, namely the education and upbringing of individuals, the educational system requires the presence of diligent, compassionate, and committed teachers with high job compatibility and mental health. Therefore, the current study was conducted with the aim of examining the role of spiritual intelligence and Islamic work ethics in predicting the job compatibility of elementary school teachers.

 The research method used in this study was descriptive-correlational. The research population included all male teachers in the second stage of elementary education in District One of Baharestan for the academic year 2022-2023, from whom 300 were selected through convenience sampling based on the Krejcie & Morgan (1971) table. Data collection tools included the Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire by Farhoush et al. (2019), the Islamic Work Ethics Questionnaire by Ali (1988), and the Job Compatibility Questionnaire by Pourkabirian (2007). Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22 software, employing Pearson correlation tests and multiple regression analysis.

Ethical Considerations:

 After explaining the objectives of the study and assuring the participants about the confidentiality of information and their oral consent, the questionnaires were distributed to the participants.

 The results showed that the relationship between spiritual intelligence and Islamic work ethic with job compatibility is positive and significant (p<0.01) and the components of spiritual intelligence explain 39% and Islamic work ethics 22.6% of the variance of job adaptability.

 The promotion of spiritual intelligence and the institutionalization of Islamic work ethics in educational environments provide a suitable basis for improving job performance, which will ultimately lead to the job adaptation of teachers.

Spiritual intelligence significantly influences an individual's ethics, behavior, conscience, self-confidence, and integrity, as well as their sense of responsibility in personal, professional, and social contexts. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of spiritual intelligence on the responsibility of dental students at Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2023.

This descriptive-correlation study was carried out on dental students at Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2023. The Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire and the Costa and McCar Responsibility Questionnaire were used to examine the students' personality traits. The data were analyzed in SPSS22 software.

The mean total spiritual intelligence score was 13.138, which was at an average level according to the questionnaire. The responsibility score was 41.39. Examining the correlation of spiritual intelligence with the dimensions of responsibility showed that responsibility had a statistically significant relationship with self-awareness and fondness (P=0.05). The scores for the overall thinking and belief dimensions were higher in individuals under 23 years old, and this difference was statistically significant. Moreover, the score of spiritual intelligence was higher in married people than in single ones, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

The responsibility of students, as future workforce members, can be influenced by spiritual intelligence. This has a greater impact in treatment sectors, leading to better and more desirable service delivery, ultimately enhancing the quality of healthcare services provided to the community and increasing overall satisfaction

Spiritual intelligence can help to increase people's resilience in confronting anxiety caused by viral diseases outbreak such as COVID-19. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the relationship between spiritual intelligence and anxiety caused by coronavirus as a traumatic global crisis with the mediation of resilience.

The present research is one of the descriptive studies with correlation method. The statistical population of this research was all university students and graduates living in Tehran during peak of outbreak and epidemic of Omicron strain of coronavirus in 2021, from which 442 people were selected by convenience sampling. The tools used in this research included King's Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire (2008), Connor and Davidson's Resilience Questionnaire (2003), Alipour et al.'s Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (2020). The data were analyzed by structural equations modeling.

According to the results of the present research, the direct effect of spiritual intelligence on resilience (β=0.930, p<0.001), resilience on corona anxiety (β=-0.528, p=0.020) and also indirect effect of spiritual intelligence on corona anxiety were confirmed by the mediation of resilience variable (β=-0.491, p=0.021) at the significance level of 0.05.

The results of the present study showed that spiritual intelligence is one of the factors affecting resilience and coronavirus anxiety; therefore, it is recommended to use this concept in educational workshops and psychotherapy guidelines in order to increase people's resilience and deal with the anxiety caused by this virus and even other infectious diseases that may spread and cause anxiety in future, like COVID-19.

Since spirituality encompasses all dimensions of human, it is important to find its relationship with students' health. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between spiritual intelligence and mental vitality with psychological health in praying students.

The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population was all male students of the first secondary level of the 2nd district of Kerman, 225 of whom were selected using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Subjects responded to Badie et al.'s spiritual intelligence questionnaires (2009), Ryan and Frederick's mental vitality (1997), and Goldberg's (1979) mental health questionnaires. The findings were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression using SPSS version 26 software.

The results showed that there is a direct relationship between spiritual intelligence and mental vitality with psychological health. Spiritual intelligence and mental vitality, respectively, have the greatest role in explaining the psychological health of praying students (P<0.001).

According to the findings, it can be concluded that improving spiritual intelligence and mental vitality play an important role in increasing the psychological health of students who pray, and conversely, prayerful students have more mental health.

Investigating factors affecting academic ethics is of interest to researchers in this field. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between moral intelligence and academic ethics with the mediating role of spiritual intelligence.

Methods and Materials: 

The research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population, was all the students of Farhangian University of South-Khorasan in the Academic year of 2022-2023, in the number of 2612 people, with the random sampling method and based on the table of Krejcie & Morgan, 336 people, King’s spiritual intelligence questionnaires (2008), ethical intelligence of Lennick & Kiel (2005) and academic ethics of GolParvar (2014). Pearson’s correlation coefficient test and structural equation approach and SPSS-26 and SmartPLS-3 software were used for data analysis.

Investigations show that all coefficients of the direct path related to the relationship between moral intelligence and spiritual intelligence and academic ethics of students are positive and significant (p<0.01). The results showed that the relationship model between spiritual intelligence and academic ethics is positive and significant (p<0.05). The results show that the path coefficient of the indirect relationship between moral intelligence and academic ethics, through the mediating variable of spiritual intelligence, is significant at the alpha level of 0.01 (p<0.05). Overall, obtaining the 0.688 value for GOF shows the overall fit of the research model.

The research results, while pointing to the key role of spiritual and moral intelligence in students’ academic ethics, point out the necessity of the aforementioned variables to the administrators of the higher education system.

High school students are in the period of adolescence, and adolescence is a complex period of growth that has always been considered more difficult than childhood years from the perspective of teenagers and parents. The adolescent years are an important stage of a person's social-psychological growth and development. Sudden and widespread changes that occur in all aspects of a teenager's life create a critical phase that will naturally bring problems and incompatibilities. The problems that exist in this period can prevent the use of all the abilities and potential of a person. Spiritual intelligence is one of the factors that have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years and is one of the valuable achievements of researchers in recent years. Spiritual intelligence is a framework for identifying and organizing required skills and abilities; In such a way that by using spirituality, the adaptability of a person increases. Spiritual intelligence is able to facilitate or enhance awareness or a sense of connection with a higher power or a sacred being. In general, the emergence of the structure of spiritual intelligence can be considered as the application of spiritual capacities and resources in practical contexts and situations. People use spiritual intelligence when they want to use spiritual capacities and resources to make important decisions and think about issues. existential or trying to solve daily problems. Recent studies have shown that spiritual beliefs and practices have a positive relationship with psychological well-being. Spiritual tendencies prevent the emergence of incompatible and destructive behaviors. In the discussion of spiritual intelligence, specifically or in general, the presence of adaptive applications can be effective. The results of research, especially in people who suffer from physical health problems, show a positive relationship between spirituality and adaptability, the results of studies conducted in the field of spiritual intelligence and psychological characteristics and physical consequences indicate that between spiritual intelligence and psychological well-being, there is a significant relationship. Therefore, another concept that has been the focus of researchers in the field of mental health in behavioral sciences in recent years is psychological well-being. New approaches to health emphasize being good instead of being bad or sick. They do not consider the absence of disease to be enough to feel healthy, rather they believe that having a sense of satisfaction with life, sufficient progress, a positive mood and proper communication with the community are the characteristics of a healthy person. Therefore, a therapeutic approach that can reduce people's psychological problems and improve their psychological well-being and quality of life is of great importance. One of the effective approaches in this field is the treatment based on mindfulness, which is highly effective for the treatment of clinical and mood disorders. The quality of students' learning in school depends on their peace and mental health. Mindfulness is a path towards well-being and effective coping with the inevitable challenges of life, and by facilitating health self-regulation behavior, it increases well-being. Therefore, the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on the spiritual intelligence and psychological well-being of first-year adolescent students.

The design of the research was semi-experimental, pre-test-post-test, with a control group and a follow-up period. The statistical population included all the students of Banu Nusrat Rahnama High School in Behrman city with a population of 135 people in 1402-1401, and 40 people were selected as the final sample by simple random sampling. The research tools included Bade's spiritual intelligence questionnaire (1389) and Rif's psychological well-being (1989). The results were analyzed using the statistical method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni test.

The results showed that the interaction effect between the measurement time and experimental groups (F(6,33)=26.99, P=0.000) is significant, in the result between the two groups at least in one of the stages. In other words, there is a significant difference between the measurement time and the experimental groups. Also, the results showed that the psychological well-being variable between the pre-test and post-test stages (P=0.000) (, pre-test-follow-up (P=-11.32, 0.000), there is a significant difference and the variable is increasing; but between the stages of post-test-follow-up (P=0.71, 1) , there is no significant difference. In the control group, the results showed between the pre-test-post-test stages (P=0.21, pre-test-follow-up (P=0.36). and post-test-follow-up (P=2.23, 0.112), there is no significant difference. In the variable of spiritual intelligence between the pre-test-post-test stages (P=7.39, 0.000 -= (, pre-test-follow-up (P=7.44, 0.000), there is a significant difference and the variable is increasing, but between the post-test-follow-up stages (P=18.139, 0.000) There is no significant difference. In the control group, the results showed that between the pre-test-post-test phases (P=0.12, pre-test-follow-up (P=28/1) (=-0, and post-test-consecutive (0.85, P=1.1), there is no significant difference.

The general results showed that mindfulness training is effective on spiritual intelligence and psychological well-being of first-year adolescent students. Also, in the follow-up, the effectiveness of mindfulness training on the spiritual intelligence and psychological well-being of first year adolescent students was permanent. Therefore, it is suggested to teach mindfulness techniques to students, develop training programs for teachers to familiarize with mindfulness techniques and implement these techniques during teaching.

 Global developments, environmental uncertainty and the need to adapt to the challenges posed by them, lead educational systems to train learners who have independent and self-directed learning competencies. The aim of this study was to model the structural relationships of self-regulated learning based on moral identity mediated by spiritual intelligence in high school students.

 The present study was descriptive correlational (structural equations). The statistical population of the study consisted of all male high school students studying in public schools in Ardabil. A total of 250 students were selected by available sampling method and answered the self-regulatory learning, spiritual intelligence and moral identity questionnaires online. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient statistical tests and structural equation modeling. In the present study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

 The results showed that self-regulation in learning has a positive and significant relationship with the total score in spiritual intelligence, moral identity and their components. Also, spiritual intelligence has a positive and significant relationship with the total score in moral identity and its components (P<0.001).

 The modeling results show that moral identity has a direct and indirect effect -through spiritual intelligence- on self-regulation learning; According to the obtained results, holding educational workshops by school psychologists is recommended to promote spirituality and moral identity and to teach self-regulatory learning strategies.

Suicidal thoughts have been increasing in recent years, and having multiple intelligences, including spiritual intelligence and aesthetic intelligence, can be effective in reducing them. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between spiritual intelligence and aesthetic intelligence and suicidal thoughts in the students of Asadabad School of Medical Sciences.

This descriptive study was conducted in the academic year 2022-2023 on the students of the School of Medical Sciences of Asadabad City. The statistical population included 267 students of Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, who were investigated by census. Data collection tools were Beck's Suicidal Thoughts, King's Spiritual Intelligence and Aesthetic Intelligence Questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, and Spearman's correlation coefficient.

A total of 165 people participated in the study. The results showed that the mean scores of all variables in the group with suicidal thoughts were significantly lower than the group without suicidal thoughts (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed between male and female students in terms of suicidal thoughts (p=0.155). Also, in the examination of the average scores of aesthetic intelligence and dimensions of spiritual intelligence, only the average of the personal meaning generation dimension among students had a significant difference (p=0.046).

The results showed that the higher aesthetic intelligence and spiritual intelligence people have, the less self-harming behaviors they probably have. Therefore, it is recommended to apply preventive policies in the form of educational workshops in the university in order to strengthen the spiritual intelligence and aesthetic intelligence of students.

Job burnout is one of the challenges of the health system and medical residents are among the most important pillars of service delivery, especially in epidemic conditions, and spiritual intelligence can be proposed as a way to relieve job burnout. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between spiritual intelligence and job burnout in clinical teaching residents of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study is a questionnaire-based survey (cross-sectional study) that was conducted in 1400 with the participation of 36 residents from 3 educational groups of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Maslach job burnout and King spiritual intelligence questionnaires were used for primary data collection and correlation analysis was done by calculating Pearson's coefficient (r) and statistical description and analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 25 software.

The average burden of job burnout was 84.44 and the average burden of spiritual intelligence was 47.69. The production of personal meaning had a direct and significant correlation with job burnout, which was also observed in infectious residents. In emergency medicine residents; Job burnout has had a direct and significant correlation with spiritual intelligence and the subscales of critical existential thinking and the production of personal meaning and transcendental consciousness.

According to the findings of the research, there is a need for more studies to examine the correlation between spiritual intelligence and burnout.

intelligence covers a range of abilities and non- cognitive skills that increase an individuals success in fighting against environmental stress contingency, especially job stress.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence with depression nursing students of medical sciences Ardabil.

The research method is descriptive in type of correlation. The population of this study was 245 students of nursing that was selected as a multistep random sample of 165 students. Data collected from the questionnaires on Emotional Intelligence features shot, spiritual intelligence Abdullah Zadeh and Beck Depression. Data analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression and path analysis using simultaneous SPSS21 LISREL8.80.

There was a positive relationship between the components (tools excitement, assessment of your emotions, emotion regulation and emotional benefits of solving the problem) with depression. But there is no relationship between other components of depression. Regression analysis showed that (means excitement, emotion regulation and emotion classification) predicts that depression. Other findings showed that there was a significant relationship between the components of spiritual intelligence with depression. Regression analyzes indicated that spiritual intelligence (relying on the inner core) predicts depression.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in many countries of the world, including Iran, the stress caused by this disease has affected different groups, including the elderly. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between corona anxiety, death anxiety and spiritual intelligence in the elderly of Lorestan province in 2020.

In this cross-sectional study, the statistical population consisted of all the elderly residents of the nursing home of Lorestan province in 2020, who were included in the study according to the inclusion criteria. Then demographic information, COVID-19 anxiety, death anxiety and spiritual intelligence questionnaires were provided to them for completion. Descriptive statistics, the calculation of central and dispersion indices for quantitative variables and frequency and percentage for qualitative variables were used to describe the data. Correlation tests were used to measure the linear relationship between the anxiety of coronavirus disease, the anxiety of death and spiritual intelligence. Data analysis was done in Stata 14 software.

A direct, positive and significant correlation was observed between the anxiety score of the coronavirus disease and death anxiety in the elderly (P<0.001), but a negative and direct and significant correlation was observed between the anxiety score of the corona disease and the score of spiritual intelligence in the elderly (P<0.001). 0.001) Also, a negative and significant correlation was observed between the anxiety score of the coronavirus disease and other items of spiritual intelligence, including critical existential thinking, production of personal meaning, transcendental awareness, and expansion of the state of consciousness in the elderly (P<0.001).

According to the results of the study, spiritual intelligence training can be effective in reducing the anxiety of contracting coronavirus disease and the subsequent anxiety of death.

High quality of married life has a supportive role for people, on the other hand, low quality of married life plays the role of a high-risk factor, so the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the role of alexithymia and spiritual intelligence in predicting the quality of married life.

The current study was descriptive-correlational, the research population was all married female educators of the elementary school of one vineyard district in the academic year 202-2023 (260 people), according to the table of Kejarsi and Morgan (1971), 150 people qualified according to the method Available sampling was selected; And they answered the alexithymia questionnaires of Bagbi et al. (1994), the spiritual intelligence of Farhoush et al. (2014) and the quality of marital life of Busby et al. Data analysis was done using Pearson's correlation coefficient test and stepwise regression using SPSS version 18 software.

The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between alexithymia and quality of life (r = -0.467) and a positive and significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and quality of life (r = 0.572) (P < 0.01). Spirituality and alexithymia could significantly predict 36.2% of changes in quality of life.

The findings of the present study indicated the importance of alexithymia and spiritual intelligence in explaining the quality of women's married life

social health is one of the pillars of health, along with physical and mental health. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the contribution of the components of perfectionism and spiritual intelligence in predicting the social health of students.

The research method was descriptive-correlation, the current research population included all the tenth grade students of Raz and Jergalan in the academic year of 2021-2022 (220 people), of which 132 people were selected by convenience sampling and answered the questionnaire. Besharat's perfectionism (2006), King's spiritual intelligence (2008) and Keyes's social health (1998) answered. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 22 software and Pearson's correlation coefficient test and multiple regression.

The results showed that the correlation between dimensions of perfectionism and social health was inverse, but the correlation between spiritual intelligence and social health was direct (p<0.01). The components of perfectionism explain 38.9% and the components of spiritual intelligence explain 49.4% of the variance of social health.

The results show the importance of spiritual intelligence and perfectionism in the social health of students.

Successful intelligence is one of the most comprehensive and efficient concepts in the field of intelligence and intelligence testing which has the ability to engage the learners in the learning process and increase their creativity and problem- solving skills.Therefore, the present study was performed to investigate the mediating role of achievement goals in the relationship between spiritual intelligence and successful intelligence and also to provide an appropriate model.

The nature of research is descriptive (correlational) and survey. Its statistical universe was all the male students of the ninth to number 3836 people grade in high schools of Birjand in academic year 2020-21. The sample size was 400 people selected by the cluster random sampling. To collect information, the questionnaires of spiritual intelligence, achievement goals, and successful intelligence were used. The study data was analyzed by using softwares spss-23 and LISREL 8.8 by structural equation modeling.

The study results showed that the spiritual intelligence had a positive and significant effect on the orientation of the mastery and functional- approach goal and the successful intelligence and also had a negative and significant effect on the avoidance- functional orientation (p<05<0). Furthermore, the orientation of the mastery and functional – approach goal had a positive and significant effect on the successful intelligence and the avoidance- functional orientation had a negative and significant effect on it (p<05<0). In addition, the results indicated that the achievement goals mediate the relationship between the students spiritual and successful intelligence.

The results of the present study supported this hypothesis that the achievement goals mediate the relationship between the students spiritual and successful intelligence.

Heart failure is one of the important cardiovascular diseases, affecting 1% of people in their 50s and 10% of people in their 80s. People with heart failure, in addition to physical pain, often experience stress, anxiety, depression, and poor quality of life (QoL). Considering the importance of illness-related worries and spiritual intelligence (SI) in these people, this study aims to determine the relationship between SI and illness-related worries in people with heart failure in Mazandaran, Iran.

This is a descriptive-correlational study. Participants were 247 patients with heart failure admitted to Fatemeh Al-Zahra Hospital affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. To measure the variables, a demographic form, the spiritual intelligence scale of King & Decicco (2009), and the illness-related worries questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (No.[%], Mean±SD) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation test, independent t-test) were used to analyze the data in SPSS software, version 16. Significance level was set at 0.05.

The mean total scores of SI and illness-related worries were 61.20 ±16.10 and 86.70 ±19.97, respectively. Pearson correlation test results showed a negative significant relationship between illness-related worries and SI (r=-0.608, P=0.001). Cognitive independence domain of illness-related worries was strongly correlated with all SI domains, including critical existential thinking, personal meaning production, transcendental awareness, and conscious state expansion. The SI had a significant relationship with gender (P=0.001), marital status (P=0.014), economic status (P=0.002), employment status (P=0.018), education status (P=0.001), insurance coverage (P=0.001). The illness-related worries had a significant relationship with gender (P=0.001), history of diabetes (P=0.04), marital status (P=0.001), educational level (P=0.044), and insurance coverage (P=0.01).

To reduce the illness-related worries of people with heart failure, their SI should be improved using related interventions such as SI training programs.