جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « وضعیت بهداشتی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Providing, maintaining, and improving the health level of children under 5 years old is important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the trend and main causes of death of children under the age of five years in Guilan Province.

In this descriptive study, 343 of children under 5 years old in Guilan University of Medical Sciences have been investigated in 2018 to 2022. The demographic information of the child and parents and the cause of death were collected. The data was reported descriptively (percentage and frequency).

The highest frequency of deaths of children under 5 years old was in 191 male children (55.6%). The highest age frequency of death was children under one year, 177 children (51.6%). Two hundred and eighteen children (63.5%) lived in the city, 124 children (35%) lived in the village, and 1 child (1.5%) was nomad. The most common causes of death were congenital disorders, 62 cases (18%).

A significant number of children's deaths were due to congenital disorders. Perhaps it can be said that it is caused by mothers' lack of knowledge about screening tests to prevent congenital disorders. It is also recommended to increase hospital equipment and facilities.

Examining the death trend of children under 5 years old can help in planning and policy making in the health field. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mortality trend of children under 5 years old in Rafsanjan City from 2011 to 2020.

In this descriptive study, 257 deaths of children under 5 years old in all areas covered by Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences has been investigated. The data collection tool was a checklist including the demographic information of the child, parents, cause of death, and criteria related to the economic and health status of the families. The information was obtained through the Health Deputy of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences and from the death registration system. The information was reported in the form of number and percentage, and the death rate in each region was calculated and displayed as a map.

The mean and standard deviation of children’s age was 14.90±14.79 months. 153 people (59.5%) were girls, 225 people (87.5%) were natives, 82 people (31.9%) were non-Iranians, and 154 people (59.9%) were city residents. 24 people (9.3%) died due to traffic accidents. 18 (7%) of the mothers also had a history of stillbirth. 255 people (99.2%) of these families had access to medical centers.

The death rate was higher in the villages than in the city. Also, a significant number of deaths of children living in the city were non-Iranian, perhaps it can be said that this is caused by less favorable conditions of healthcare facilities and services as well as the economic conditions in the villages. As a result, it seems that increasing the equipment and facilities of neonatal intensive care units can play an effective role in reducing child mortality.

Due to the rapid growth of tourism industry, appropriate management and supervision of tourism centers by improving the sanitary, welfare and security situation of these centers is essential. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate sanitary and welfare status of tourism centers in Lorestan province.
Material and This research is a qualitative study conducted through semi-structured Interview with tourists. Data analysis was done using content analysis. After collecting and analyzing data, findings were classified into themes and sub-themes.
The findings were categorized into 6 main themes and 24 sub-themes. The main themes were general sanitary conditions, welfare facilities, transportation, healthcare services, security, and management and supervision.
According to the findings and participants’ points of view, tourists are not satisfied with health care status of tourist centers. Therefore, in order to minimize the health problems of tourism centers and maximize attracting tourists, short-term and long-term plans should be put on the agenda of tourism managers and stakeholders of the Lorestan province.

School is a place for nurturing the children talents and plays a substantial role in constructing healthy people. This study conducted to compare the environmental health and safety status of governmental and non-governmental primary schools in Kashmar in 2015-2016.
This is a descriptive/cross-sectional study conducted on 31 governmental and 14 non-governmental primary schools in Kashmar city in 2015-2016. To collect data, the designed checklist approved by ministry of health was filled through interview, observation and inspection. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 and Excel 2007 software using Fisher's exact test and Chi-squared test.
Based on the obtained results, regarding the building status, safety status, buffet status and environmental health indices, 86.51%, 83.87%, 49.7% and 95.16% of governmental schools and 77.67%, 83.68%, 78.58% and 88.57% of non-governmental schools were in suitable situation, respectively. Governmental schools were significantly better than non-governmental schools as a matter of school area and proper school plan (p˂0.05). On the other hand, non-governmental schools were significantly better in terms of buffet health than governmental schools (p˂0.05).
In conclusion, the results show that privatization do not necessarily improve environmental health indices in primary schools. To have a healthy and safe school, proper management, increase in allocated budget for schools and strict monitoring by health centers are required.

Womanish barber shop is one of the public places that looking into health conditions (personal and environmental) are important. Because, the lack of health standards and inadmissible activities such as tattooing and Threat to the health of the community. As one of the public place can barber shop will carry a variety of diseases Like HIV - hepatitis B&C-bacterial infections - viral - fungal skin diseases such as eczema - trachoma - wart – ringworm Often is transported because use of contaminated equipment. This study was conducted to determine the Health Conditions of Womanish Beauty Shops and female makeup knowledge about the infection disease transferable in this Profession in Gorgan in 2012.
In this descriptive study for determine individual health status and their knowledge about diseases associated with profession and environmental health condition, all of womanish barber shop in Gorgan in 2012 were inspected. Information collected from observation, interview and completed of questionnaire and checklist in all of the Gorgan city womanish barber shops.
Barbers mean Age was 32.98±7.51 years.80.7 % of barbers has License. 84% have participated in retraining hairdressers. 89.33% have participated in the training of public health. 50.66 %had medical card. All structural conditions parameter were cceptable.41.3% use disinfectant. Knowledge of barbers about related diseases like HIV - Hepatitis - trachoma - tetanus and ringworm were moderate. 84% were aware that HIV and hepatitis are contagious disease. 94 %believed that hairdressing equipment can be transmitted hepatitis and HIV.
In general, structural conditions in womanish barber shop in Gorgan were acceptable. Some parameters, such as medical cards and certificates of public health and personal health care were not appropriate and more training is needed and Monitoring should be more from environmental health inspectors. Barber knowledge about the related diseases in the three diseases (trachoma - tetanus and ringworm) is not good and need more education is Necessary.

Slaughterhouse plays an important role in community health as a place to supply basic food source for human. Due to the effect of meat and products health on causing zoonosis diseases، this research was carried out to evaluate environmental health conditions of Yazd province slaughterhouses. In this descriptive-analytical research، questioners were completed for all of slaughterhouses (14 cases) in Yazd province، by environmental health experts. To respond to any question، we were considered three options including «good»، «undesirable»، «medium». The Environmental Health experts trained on how to score during four meetings. The results of this study indicated that 7% of personal health، 43% of facility، 64. 5% of building، 57% of instruments، 14% of wastewater disposal، 93% of water and 57% of solid waste disposal were acceptable. This research showed that only new slaughterhouse in Yazd had essential environmental health standards، and other slaughterhouses had several health problems. This problem needs more attention for improving the health conditions of slaughterhouses.

Malnutrition is a clinical disorder and a usual risk factor in older people، that was considered as a natural part of geriatrics process in the past، but nowadays it is found that malnutrition is detectable، preventable and treatable and its early diagnosis can lead us to on time intervention. Thus، older people’s nutritional status and detecting its causes can help caregivers to plan and implement appropriate interventions. The aim of this study is nutritional status assessment in the retired senile by some demographic characters in two parts: screening and complementary. This study is a descriptive-cross sectional one on 194 senile retired from governmental organizations who were assessed by simple sampling. In this study، we use a questionnaire consisting of two parts: one part for demographic data and the other called MNA (Minimal Nutrition Assessment) that has 18 items and two parts: screening and complementary parts. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using statistical tests including Krauskal Wallis، Man Whitney and Spierman. Findings showed that 87. 1 percent of the participants had normal nutrition and 12. 9 percent of them had probable malnutrition and 4 percent were with malnutrition. Among the demographic factors (age، sex، marital status، educational status، income and co morbidity)، nutrition was found to be related to sex (0/002) and income (p<0. 013) significantly. Thus، the normal nutritional status was high in female older people and in senile with higher income. Considering the high probability of malnutrition demonstrated in this study، it is necessary for the clinicians and authorities to receive related education and become aware of this issue and respective consequences. Also، it is necessary to implement plans and programs to relieve poverty as a main risk factor in malnutrition.

Identifying the problems and difficulties related to rural areas can be useful and effective in future planning. Since looking into the current situation is the first step in planning economical, social and cultural development, this study was carried out with the aim of investigating aspects of health, cultural and social conditions of the rural population of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary province.

In this descriptive-cross sectional study 1638 family guardians were chosen through simple sampling. Around 90 villages were chosen for this research (the same area in which the Tarhe Hejrat was carried out in the year 2008). The data was gathered using multi-sectional questionnaires (Cronbach’s Alpha 89%) with 47 questions including demographic information, state of education, employment, financial state, family planning, diet, hypertension, smoking and personal hygiene and was analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Unemployment in the rural areas was 31.6%. 86% had their own homes, 30% had a personal car and 87% had bathrooms in their homes. 43.22% wished to emigrate. The awareness of problems arising from not paying attention to family planning was 75.74% and the most practiced method was using oral contraceptive pills (45.1%). The biggest amount of red meat (46.09%), chicken (36.23%) and fish (62.56%) intake was 1 to 5 times a month. The amount of people suffering from hypertension was 26.25%. Knowledge of the side effects of smoking was 91.81% and the average age of smokers was 57.81±14.51. Families with a child aged fewer than 10 who had been in an accident were 16.65% and males had the most accidents (70%).

The social, cultural and health status of the people living in the country-side in the province is not at its optimal level in certain aspects. Finding the causes however, requires more research.

Aquatic ecosystems pollution with heavy metals, especially mercury, has always been a major concern for aquatic organisms health. Hence this study not only described an innovative method for analyzing organic mercury compound, but also evaluated total and organic mercury concentrations in great cormorant and compared them with world health standards. In this cross-sectional study, 18 great cormorants were randomly captured in March, 2009. Total and organic mercury of muscle, kidney, and liver tissues were analyzed by an advanced mercury analyzer made in the United States (Model; Leco, AMA 254), and statistical analysis was done by Mann-Whitney U, and Kolmogrove-Smirnov tests. Mean accumulated total mercury in liver, kidney, and muscle tissues were 5.67, 3.59, and 2.26 mg kg -1 w.w., respectively and organic mercury formed 82, 79, and 58 % of the total mercury. The levels of accumulated mercury in all tissues of great cormorant were more than the established limits by WHO, FAO, and EPA. These results can be a serious warning for consumers of these birds, especially vulnerable people.

The hygienic status of catering centers, especially in touristic areas, is of high importance due to the potential risks of communicable and non-communicable diseases to the clients who usually have no control over the process of catering in these centers. The aim of this study was to assess the hygienic status of Chelo-Kababi restaurants in Ardabil city, a touristic area in Iran. In this descriptive study which was conducted in 2006, all of the 104 Chelo-Kababi restaurants in Ardabil city were evaluated using five checklists. The checklists were developed based on the fields of personal hygiene with 23 items, food and raw material hygiene with 13 items, services quality with 9 items, cooking tools and dishware hygiene with 17 items and environmental hygiene(cooking, eating and storing place) with 50 items. Checklists were designed based on the section 13 of the Iran’s Eating and Drinking Materials Act of 2001. Checklists were evaluated by 11 trained questioners. Data were analyzed using STATA 11 statistical software package. Ardabil city Kebab restaurants’ mean hygiene score was 62 on environmental hygiene, 53 on cooking tools and dishware hygiene, 39 on service quality, 33 on personal hygiene and 32 on food and raw material hygiene. Overall average was 44. Kebab restaurants in Ardabil city did not have good hygienic status. Since Ardabil is a touristic area and many tourists have their meals at restaurants, effective interventions to improve hygienic status of these places are essential. Among these interventions, regular and targeted training and development of automated controlling methods such as informing the performance of these centers to the public are recommended.

Background and It is believed that insecure attachment styles and immature defense mechanisms render individuals vulnerable to cigarette and substance use; these people experience more negative emotions and have fewer options for reducing psychological distresses. The aim of the present research was to investigate the role of attachment styles defense mechanisms and health status in discriminating cigarette-smoker students from non-smokers. Methods and Materials: This research is a case-control study. The research sample consisted of 100 cigarette-smoker and 100 non-smoker students selected from among the students of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. Data collection was done through the use of Attachment Styles Scale Defense Style Questionnaire and General Health Survey. In order to analyze the data discriminant analysis was used in SPSS 14. The results indicated that 71 percent of the variance of insecurity of attachment style immature defense mechanisms and health status can account for the only function between groups of smokers and non-smokers. The discriminant function obtained was classified correctly with the concurrent method for 94.5% of smokers and through step-by-step method for 93.5% of non-smokers. The results indicated that cigarette-smoking and nonsmoking university students can be discriminated through their immature defense mechanisms insecure attachment styles and health status.

Health is a right for humans. The most health service givers at health organization are nurses. Hence, they have important role at improve health status of community. But, they are exposed with different stressors that decrease health status. Hence, this study has been conducted to examine health status and evaluate correlation between health status and occupaitonal and demographic variables of them. This study is a descriptive research that conducted on nurses of hospitals dependent to shahroud medical university. Demographic and occupaitonal characteristics questionnaire and also short form health survey (SF-36) were used to data collection. Nurses respond by s elf-administered method to questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistic with SPSS software, windows version. 158 nurses participated in this study. Upon to result, 75.8% of subjects were female, 24.2% male and average age were 32.48±8.31 year. The range of mean of health status scores in different domains was variants from 38.20±25.26 for bodily pain to 71.94±24.38 for physical functioning. There were significant relations between health status different dimensions and variables of age, recuritment status, work shift, clinial ward and years in profession. The statistical tests didn’t reveal significant relations between sex, marital status and educational level with health status different dimensions. The findings of this study showed that nurses suffer critically of bodily pains problem in comparison with other health status dimensions. Therefore attntion to health status of nurses especially bodily pains problem and its relations with demographic and occupaitonal variables to improvement health status of nurses is necessary.

AIMS. Using health measures is one of the principles to protect human societies. Regarding the importance of hygiene in society and specially among military troops their health protection is necessary to protect the society, special attention to soldiers hygiene and keeping them healthy is essential to increase the defense power of country. In this study, hygiene status of soldiers and their hygienic knowledge level and attitude of duty personnel in hygienic problems were analyzed. METHODS. This is a cross sectional study done among 215 duty personnel in a military training center. Information is collected by a questionnaire. RESULTS. More than 85% of soldiers have vaccination records, 94.5% have received tetanus and diphtheria vaccine and 99% have received meningitis vaccine. Addiction to smoking was very low in the studied society and is about 1%. 96% of soldiers brushed their teeth at least once a day. However, personal health care like washing hands before eating and bathing were done in 87.3% and 86.9% respectively. Soldier's knowledge about AIDS transmission methods was very low. CONCLUSION. Vaccination coverage among duty personnel is higher than normality of society. Health status and knowledge level of duty personnel about personal and social health is not satisfied. Increasing soldier's hygienic knowledge level during military trainings must be of more attention.

Breads are the major food in Iran. Recent studies in Iran have shown that dialy broad consumption was 300gr. 40.2% of the total energy per person was obtained from bread. This cross-sectional study was done in 81 bakeries in Rafsanjan. The main objectives were to determine some properties of the bread, such as pH, NaCl, doughness …, in various breads (Taftoon, Sangak, Fantezi). The studies showed that 10.36% of each broad was doughy. The mean pH was 5.4, but 22.2% of breads had a pH above standard. The mean NaCl was 3.27 gr/bread, which was under the standard of Iran. Only 16% bakeries had good hygienic condition. The education of Bakeries’s workers, continous control of hygeinic condition, precision in the preparation of good quality primary materials, to accompolish continous investigation for increasing of bread quality and elimination of chemical harmful materials from bread can be effective for improvement of affairs.

Developing in medical care has increased life expectancy. As a result population has been increased. Therefore programming to provides services requires the identifying the elderly real needs. Having knowledge and achieving to their real needs helps the programmers to have a plan according to their needs. This study was performed to determine the elderly health, social and economic conditions and that how they spend their leisure time. In an analytic and descriptive research, 1024 old men and women were surveyed through using questionnaire and cluster sampling. To analyze the qualitative data, data were changed into the quantitative ones, and named with ranking ″good, average, poor″. The chi-2 tests and Spirman correlation coefficient were used in the 5% meaningful level. Data showined that most of the elderly (69.23%) have the average economic condition, and the social condition of most of them is average (69.02 %.). Health condition of the elderly is showing some disturbances, hypertension (80.6%) and excrement problems (76.7%). However sight problems (46.9%), hearing (29.3%) and movement (28.2%) are considerable. There also existed a meaningful relation between the economic condition and gender (P=0.0003), age and social condition (p=0.000). But in the other cases, there did not exist any significant relation. The elderly average economic condition showing that this class of society needs more care, financially. Results showed that social activity condition of them was at the average level, resulting from age increase and removing the life motivation. Totally, they have a lot of physical problems and should be considered by health and treatment planners.