جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "alt" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

This study investigated the effects of lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC4356 on the oxidant and antioxidant factors of the liver and levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) before and after streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male rats.

Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=6): Control (C), Control probiotic (CP), Diabetic (D), Diabetic Pretreatment with lactobacillus (DPB[A1] ), and Post-treatment with lactobacillus (DPA) groups. C group received daily 1 mL of normal saline for 6 weeks. CP group received daily 1×109 cfu/mL L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 for 6 weeks. D group received daily 1mL normal saline for 2 weeks before and for 4 weeks after diabetes induction. DPB group received daily 1×109 cfu/ml L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 for 2 weeks before and for 4 weeks after diabetes induction. DPA group first received daily 1mL normal saline for 2 weeks before diabetes and then received daily 1×109 cfu/mL L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 for 4 weeks after it.

 L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 decreased liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 concentration and serum AST significantly in both pre- and post-treatment groups compared with the D group. Catalase activity (CAT) and serum ALT showed a significant decrease in the post-treatment group compared with the D group. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity showed a significant increase in the post-treatment group compared to the D group.

The present study showed that L. acidophilus ATCC4356 had more protective effects on the liver in the post-treatment group compared with the pretreatment one.

Synthetic drug-induced liver injury is the main concern of many pharmaceutical companies to obtain drugs with high safety level through continuous development in the international clinical treatment industry. Carbamazepine is one of the safest drugs for its users, but it has been found that some of these patients may develop cases of acute hepatitis. This study aimed to investigate the side effects of carbamazepine in liver injury and to elucidate the mechanism of liver toxicity caused by carbamazepine in mice.

Twenty-four mature male Balb-C mice (Mus musculus) were divided into three groups, each group containing 8 animals: The control group was given 1 ml of normal saline for 30 days, Group II received 2.85 mg/kg/day of Carbamazepine for 30 days, and Group III received 5.7 mg/kg/day of Carbamazepine during 30 days. Then, histological and enzymatic changes were evaluated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD test.

Histological evaluation showed severe liver damage and acute inflammation of the liver tissue in mice that received oral carbamazepine. The serum level of liver enzymes and coenzymes showed a significant increase compared to the control group (p≤0.05).

Biomarkers can be used as a warning about the pre-sensitivity of some patients to carbamazepine. Also, carbamazepine treatment may change the capacity of the liver to detoxify many toxic compounds.

 Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease, it seems that liver abnormalities are also prevalent in the patients.

 The present study aimed to evaluate liver enzymes in COVID-19 patients.

 This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 111 COVID-19 patients admitted to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah during September-November 2020. The required data were extracted from the hospital files, and data analysis was performed in the Excel software and SPSS version 21.

 The mean age of the patients was 60.87 ± 15.85 years. 50.5% of patients were female. Among the patients, 38.7% had hypertension, 19.8% had diabetes, and 7.2% had cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, 34.2% of the patients had abnormal aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 17.1% had abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and 100% had abnormal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).

 According to the results, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases were the most common comorbidities among the COVID-19 patients. AST, ALT, and LDH are important indicators of hepatic disorders, which were abnormal in these patients as well. Moreover, the patients aged less than 60 years, male patients, and those with renal disorders had a higher mean ALT.

The microRNA‐122 (miR‐122) is a liver‐specific microRNA that can be used as a potential molecular marker for predicting liver injury. There is a positive correlation between miR‐122 level in serum and hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in patients infected with this virus. The present study was conducted to study the clinical importance and expression of miR-122 in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with HBV infection in comparison to the healthy group.

This study was performed on 60 samples to examine the presence of HBsAg and total HBc antibody (IgM-IgG) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HBV-DNA extraction and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay were performed on all samples via the Real ART HBV LC PCR kit on a LightCycler instrument. RNA was extracted from the serum of all participants. Next, miRNA expression was assessed using quantitative real time reverse-transcription PCR. Also, ALT levels were measured as a surrogate parameter for liver injury using Pars Azmoon Biochemical assay Kit on Hitachi autoanalyzer. The Levene , Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Spearman’s correlation tests were used for assessing the differences between the studied groups.

  Based on the obtained results, miR-122 expression in patients with HBV without clinical symptoms was 1.6 times, while in patients with clinical symptoms was 2.7 times more than the control group (p=0.001). A significant increase was observed in the ALT enzyme of symptomatic patients (p=0.001). HBV DNA in the people with clinical symptoms was higher than 105 copies/mL and in the asymptomatic group was less than 103 copies/mL, suggesting a statistically significant increase in a group with clinical symptoms (p=0.001). Finally, it was found that the miR‐122 serum concentration correlated with HBV DNA and serum ALT (p=0.001).

Based on the obtained results, measuring the miR-122 levels can serve as a biomarker and an indicator of hepatitis B replication, especially in cases where ALT levels are unchanged; however, more research and more samples are needed.

Our study is assessing the epidemiological aspects of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Iranian population and evaluates the relationship between NAFLD and metabolic syndrome.

We conducted this cross-sectional study on 145 subjects who were diagnosed with NAFLD and referred to the Gastroenterology clinics of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran in the year of 2013. Using ultrasonography method, we diagnosed NAFLD as a fatty liver manifestation in the absence of other liver complications. We used National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria (ATPIII) as a guideline to establish metabolic syndrome diagnosis.

Metabolic syndrome had an overall prevalence of 49.7% among our subjects. The results showed no difference in mean AST and ALT levels between the groups of patients with and without metabolic syndrome. Our results were unable to maintain an association between our targeted liver enzymes (AST and ALT) and different features of metabolic syndrome. In multivariate linear regression models, the presence of metabolic syndrome was unable to predict AST (p=0.631, r2=0.002) or ALT (p=0.122, r2=0.017) abnormalities.

The present study has shown a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Iranian patients who diagnosed with NAFLD. Contrary to previous reports, despite the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome conditions in NAFLD patients, we found that the presence of metabolic syndrome had not increased the risk of NAFLD in the population undergone our study.

Roaccutane, Acuten, and Isotretinoin are derivatives of the vitamin A naturally found in human body. Since vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin, it is prescribed through controlling the amount of skin oil by forcing low-secreted sebaceous glands to treat severe skin acne with the risk of permanent scarring. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of Roaccutane on evolution of ovarian follicles and uterine, and possible attendant liver changes in adult NMRI mice.

Roaccutane was orally administered by gavage at the doses of 0.5, 10, and 20 mg/kg for 21 days. Then, the mice were dissected, and the uterine, ovarian, and liver tissues were separated. The levels of Estradiol (E2), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST), and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were examined by ELISA test and chlorometric biochemical method.

Increase in the Roaccutane dose led to the damage to endometrium layers, and there were no significant changes in myometrium and perimetrium. Observations of the tissue of ovaries indicated the maturity of them. Significant reduction in the number of hepatocytes and rise of glands and blood vessels were the results of the liver damage. High level of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP) was the important reason for the liver damage. Hormonal findings through the increase of E2 and FSH also showed tissue damage.

The results revealed the harmful effect of Roaccutane on evolution of ovarian follicles and uterine and liver changes of adult laboratory NMRI mice (either tissue or hormone).

Beta-thalassemia is a common hematological disorder. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oral administration of Cichorium intybus on reduction of liver enzymes in patients with major thalassemia. This study was randomized clinical trial study that was conducted on 100 patients with age over 2 years and major thalassemia referred to Mohammad Kermanshahi Hospital of Kermanshah city (Iran) in 2019-2020. Eligible patients were randomly divided into two intervention (n=50), and control (n=50)groups.The intervention group received 0.028mg/kg/day Cichorium intybus as a medicinal supplement and control group received placebo for 3 months. All patients were evaluated and followed up for 6 months. The Liver enzymes levels (AST and ALT) were measured at four time periods (baseline, 1.5, 3 and 6 months after intervention). Ferritin was also measured at three time periods (baseline, 3, and 6 months after the intervention).The SPSS software version 24.0 was used to data analysis. The results of Repeated Measure ANOVA test showed that therewere significant statistical differencebetween the two groups of intervention and control in term of ALT and AST at different time periods, so that the means of ALT and AST after the interventionwere lower in intervention group than control group(p <0.05). However, there wasno significant statistical differencebetween the two groups of intervention and controlin term of ferritin at different time periods (P>0.05).  Oral administration of Cichorium intybus can reduce liver enzyme levels (ALT and AST) in patients with thalassemia major. Therefore, Chicory administration in patients with major thalassemia is suggested.

Objectives:

 Traditional medicines have been widely used to prevent and treat diseases for thousands of years. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of ginger feed on cardiac biomarker in isoproterenol induced myocardial toxicity.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty male wistar rats were grouped into six groups of 5 rats each: Control; ISO- induced toxicity; ginger fed ; ginger fed before; ginger fed+ isoproterenol simultaneously and ginger fed after. Freshly prepared solution of isoproterenol was injected subcutaneously at a dosage of 20mg/kg, while the control recieved distilled water. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture after two weeks of administration, the serum was used to evaluate biomarkers.

Results:

The CK-MB of ginger fed groups was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to ISO group(8.2 ± 0.5µ/L). The CK of the ginger fed groups showed significant decrease (p>0.05) compared to isoproterenol group (39.36±5.28 µ/L), there was no significant difference in the CK-MB and CK levels of all the groups fed with ginger compared to the control(2.2± 0.3µ/L; 17. 07 ± 3.4.90 µ/L) except the group that was fed with ginger after isoproterenol induction, which was significantly higher compared to the control(p>0.05). The mean value of LDH were lower in all ginger treated groups compared to the ISO group (67.17± 0.88; p≤ 0.05), but significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to the control(26.45 ± 2.52). The mean value of ALT were lower in all ginger fed groups compared to the ISO group (83.11± 4.88; p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion:

Ginger feed hindered toxic effects of isoproterenol.

The liver as a highly metabolic organ, has a crucial role in human body. Its function is often impressed by changes of the blood flow, hypovolemic shock, transplantation, etc. Maintaining liver function is a major challenge and there are many approaches to potentiate this organ against different stresses. Antioxidants protect organs against oxidative stress. P-coumaric acid (PC) as an oxidant has many beneficial effects. Therefore, PC was used as a pretreatment to test its potential against oxidative stress induced by liver Ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.  In order to test the potential hepatoprotective effect of PC against IR injury, five groups of rats were used: Normal (NC; intact group); Sham; p-coumaric acid (PC); IR-CO, and PC-IR. PC, Sham, NC, PC-IR and IR-CO groups that received vehicle or p-coumaric acid at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days as pretreatment before IR induction. Animals in PC-IR, and IR-CO groups underwent hepatic IR injury. Liver levels of antioxidants were determined and functional liver tests were done. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was done to determine the structural changes of the liver. Gene expression of caspase-3 was also assessed.  Hepatic IR injury disrupted liver function by increasing the levels of AST, and ALT, and decreasing GSH, SOD and catalase. PC significantly decreased liver inflammation, reverted liver functional enzymes and antioxidants levels to normal, reduced the gene expression of caspase-3 in PC-IR rats compared to the IR-CO group. These findings revealed that PC through improving liver´s antioxidants, liver functional tests and down-regulating apoptotic gene protein, caspase-3, protects the liver against injury induced by IR.

 Measuring serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme is a routine clinical test commonly used to evaluate abnormalities in the body in general, and in the liver function in particular. Higher ALT levels are associated with some metabolic disorders. The upper limit normal (ULN) is considered as a reliable threshold for the definition of high ALT.

To assess the existing evidence on the ULN for ALT in the general population.
DATA SOURCE: PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science (ISI) were searched using a specified search strategy.

 We collected documents published from 1980 to 2018 in the English language, focusing on human samples at the population level and extracted the data after qualitative evaluation.

We conducted this study in accordance with the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. We used specific search terms and their combinations to find documents from relevant databases. We used a snowballing approach to find documents not captured in the main phase of the search. Two authors separately conducted the search, screened the articles, and selected documents that were qualified for data extraction based on the defined inclusion criteria. Finally, data extraction was conducted by two authors using PRISMA checklist. Reported ULNs for ALT and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were documented in previously developed datasheets.

Out of 15242 studies, 47 articles were included for data extraction and analysis. Data were sparse and lacked the consistency to precisely estimate ULN for serum ALT. The ULN of ALT was significantly diverse across various geographical locations and sexes. The lowest value of ULN for ALT was 19 IU/L in Chinese children (age range: 7 to < 10 years), and the highest value of ULN for ALT was 55 IU/L in children from Ghana aged < 5 years. LIMITATIONS: The main limitation of the current systematic review was the scarcity of the reported measures for ULN of ALT.

 Based on the results of the current systematic review, it is suggested that the normal range of ALT be redefined, but this redefinition should be done according to the localized data. In order to redefine the ULN for ALT, regional differences, methods used in ALT measurements, and ULN determination should be considered.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease which is correlated with overweight, obesity, and insulin resistance. Recently, the use of probiotics has been suggested for these patients as they have considerable outcomes. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of GeriLact on patients with NAFLD.
In this randomized clinical trial, 61 patients with NAFLD were recruited and randomly assigned to groups receiving GeriLact, 500 mg, twice per day, or placebo (with the same dose) for sixty days. Weight, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and sonographic grading were evaluated before and at the end of the study.
In the GeriLact group, there was a significant decrease in ALT (p=0.002) and AST (p<0.001) levels, while the placebo group showed a significant decrease only in ALT level (p=0.01). There was a significant decrease in cholesterol levels in the intervention group compared to the placebo group (p=0.01), but there were no significant changes in FBS, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL levels between the two groups. The fatty liver grade was improved by 63.6% in the intervention group and by 46.4% in the placebo group.
The results showed that probiotics caused significant improvement in ALT, AST, and cholesterol levels but had no effects on FBS, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Overall, treatment with GeriLact was found to be effective, safe, with low cost and well-tolerated in the long term use by the patients.

Owing to the decrease in the level of physical activity in today’s world, it seems that weight gain and fat mass are among the most important causes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Studies have also reported the beneficial effects of regular and long-term aerobic exercise on disease prevention. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in active and inactive women.

In this quasi-experimental applied study, 40 female students purposefully selected (20 active and 20 inactive) based on availability who were divided into the passive group (n = 10 in the training group and n = 10 in the control group) and the active group (n = 10 in the training group and n = 10 in the control group). Then the training groups performed the selected HIIT for 6 weeks and three sessions per week. The levels of research variables were measured in the serum pretest and post-test.

The findings showed HIIT decreased ALT serum levels in the active training group (P = 0.03, MD = 3.50) and inactive training group (P = 0.002, MD = 5.30) compared to the active control group; however, there was no significant difference in terms of AST levels in the research groups (P = 0.46, F = 0.86).

It seems that HIIT independently of weight changes and body mass index can decrease ALT in active and inactive women.