جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « drivers » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Nowadays, accidents are one of the significant public health problems in the world, especially in Iran. The purpose of this study was to perform an exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire on socio-economic factors affecting the accidents of injured drivers in West Azerbaijan province, Iran.

In this cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study, 310 drivers who had a traffic accident and were hospitalized in 2020 were recruited. This research consisted of six stages (identification of variables, determining the explanatory indicators, controlling the data fitness, determination of the method and number of factors to be extracted, selection of the method for factor generation, interpretation and naming of factors) and provides recommendations to achieve desired results. The data were analyzed using SPSS v.25 software.

According to the KMO and Bartlett tests, respectively, the correlation and the adequacy of the sample size showed that the indicators could be a factor. By using the method of maximum likelihood analysis and factor rotation method, two factors with eigenvalues greater than one were extracted, and the Scree plot confirmed those two factors. These two factors explained a total of 64.24 of the variance of all variables. Varimax factor rotation was also used to identify items. These factors were direct and indirect factors that affected the occurrence of accidents. In addition, Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.84) showed the reliability of the above results.

The results showed the validity of the constructs of this questionnaire, and this tool be used in research related to traffic, job promotion, income increase, car safety, education, and public health.

Considering the high number of traffic accidents in Iran, it seems necessary to investigate the factors related to the severity of traffic accidents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between compliance with safety precautions and the severity of injuries caused by traffic accidents in Urmia, Iran.

This was a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted retrospectively on available data of the trauma registration system from 2017 to 2022. The research population included 428 drivers who were admitted to a teaching hospital for trauma caused by the traffic accident in Urmia, Iran. Chi-square and Fisher's statistics were used to investigate the relationship between demographic variables, damaged area, behavioral factors, use of safety equipment (air bag and seat belt) and severity of injury.

From 428 drivers injured in traffic accidents, the most injuries were in the head and neck areas. Non-use of seat belts and absence of airbags were reported in 277 and 340 cases of accidents, respectively. 287 people had a history of alcohol consumption, 284 people had a history substance abuse, and 346 people had a history of drug use. A significant relationship was observed between age, gender, injured area, use of seat belts, having airbags, alcohol and drug consumption with injury severity (P<0.05). While the relationship between substance abuse and injury severity was not significant (P=0.517).

The results showed that age, gender, lack of seat belt use, lack of airbags, drug use, alcohol, and the injured area were the most factors related to the occurrence of higher severity injuries.

The risk of musculoskeletal disorders due to various work factors such as ergonomic factors in truck drivers is considerable. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ergonomic risk factors on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in truck drivers.

This cross-sectional was a descriptive-analytical study that was performed on 200 professional truck drivers by two-stage cluster sampling. The ergonomics and safety of drivers’ questionnaire including demographic characteristics, working conditions (stress and job satisfaction), pain in nine areas of the body in the last 12 months based on body map were used. The central indicators and Spearman non-parametric statistical tests were used to analyze the data.

The mean (±standard deviation) age of drivers was 47.5±9years, who drove an average of 10.66 hours in 24 hours. 99.5% of drivers complained of low back pain, of which 40% were mild and 59.5% were severe. Also, 59.5% reported severe pain in the knee area. The relationship between pain in the elbow and foot with moving and carrying of loads as well as neck and wrist pain with hand and arm movements was significant (p<0005). No significant relationship was found between pain in nine areas of the body and job satisfaction.

Ergonomic risk factors play an important role in the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain in drivers, which requires special training and attention to this occupational group along with preventive and therapeutic measures.

The purpose of this research was to analyze thecultural and social drivers of self-governance in the firstsecondary schools of Ahvaz city in order to provide a model.

The research method wasqualitative. In the qualitative part, determining the drivers ofschool self-governance to present the model with 18 experts inthe field of school self-governance in the city of Ahvaz usinga semi-structured interview approach, and the results of thispart were analyzed and interpreted with the coding method ofCorbin and Strauss (2001). which finally led to thepresentation of the initial research model.

The findings of this research in the qualitative partof the drivers of school self-management in five drivers,including economic drivers (1- attracting the participation offamilies, institutions and organizations, 2- government supportand budget, 3- cost and income management and 4- incomegeneration schools), drivers of policy and decision-making (1-decentralization, 2-determining the limits of authority andresponsibilities, 3-revision, amendment and approval of laws),drivers of facilities and equipment (1-educational space, 2-hardware and software equipment), drivers of knowledge andinformation (1-Training of managers and teachers andbeneficiaries 2-Knowledge of educational management 3-Knowledge of experts) and cultural and social drivers (1-Culturization and awareness of families about educationalissues 2-Responsibility of executive agents 3-Using culturalinstitutions for awareness ) identified.

Cultivation and awareness of families abouteducational issues is one of the main elements of parents'participation in school issues. The participation of parents andthe main elements of the school in the management of schoolaffairs makes them have a positive attitude towards the schooland the role of the teaching staff in the growth and educationof their children.

Between expert and novice drivers there are differences in terms of different driving skills. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing manual dexterity, visual tracking and focused attention between expert and novice drivers.

This study was a cross-sectional from type of comparative causal. The research population was expert drivers of the members of national team of the Islamic Republic of Iran Motorcycling and Automobile Racing Federation and novice drivers, which numbers of 30 of them (15 people in each group) were selected as a sample by voluntary sampling method. The tool of the present research was the standard test system of Vienna and the data obtained from it were analyzed with the parametric test of analysis of variance and the non-parametric test of Kruskal-Wallis in SPSS model 22 software.

The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the expert and novice drivers in terms of focused attention of correct and incorrect functions (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between them in terms of manual dexterity and visual tracking (P>0.05).

The results indicated a significant difference between expert and novice drivers in terms of focused attention and no significant difference in terms of manual dexterity and visual tracking. Therefore, focused attention training can help to better drive.

The severity of accidents and mortality rate varies between countries with different socio-economic statuses. This study aimed to model the socio-economic factors affecting the severity of injuries in traffic accidents of drivers referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia using logistic regression.

This cross-sectional-analytical study included 250 drivers who had a traffic accident in 2020 and were referred to Imam Khomeini Medical Center in Urmia, Iran. For evaluating the relationship between socio-economic factors and the severity of injuries, the Injury Severity Score (ISS) scale was used to determine the severity of the injury, and logistic regression was used to model and study the relationship. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16), and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The results showed a significant relationship between the high severity of the injury with, marital status (OR=0.43, P=0.029), level of education (OR=4.45, P=0.005), monthly household income (OR=5.40, P=0.037), car monetary value (OR=3.22, P=0.011), and the share of health care costs (OR=0.31, P=0.004). In contrast, there was no significant relationship between job and the high injury severity.

The results showed a significant relationship between most of the socio-economic factors and the severity of the injury. It seems that paying attention to welfare and public health strategies, material and spiritual support for the recovery of patients, increasing the purchasing power of families, improving cultural views, specialized training, and upgrading the automotive industry may reduce accidents and the severity of injuries.

Driving and providing services to passengers is not a new topic, but providing these services by online operators is relatively new. The analysis of traffic accidents has shown that the development of technical methods and driving equipment has not effectively reduced injuries and accidents. Human factors, including drivers’ mental health still play a significant role. Therefore, behavioral and psychological evaluation of human resources of any group, especially those directly related to the client, is essential. Considering that the relationship between mental health and driving behaviors is significant and requires comprehensive psychological studies, many researchers in developed countries have studied driving behavior. Still, little research has been done on behavior in developing countries such as Iran and there is a research gap in this field. So, the present study was conducted to design and develop a mental health questionnaire for drivers working for online taxi operators.

The present study was has an instrumentation design with standardization. The research was conducted in two parts: qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative section was dedicated to preparing and compiling the research questionnaire. We studied all books, articles, and dissertations related to mental health, especially drivers’ mental health. In the second step, the relevant data were extracted by thematic analysis techniques and driver –related mental health components. This process was continued until data saturation. The validity and reliability of the “Online Taxi Driver Mental Health Questionnaire” were examined in the quantitative section. The statistical population consisted of taxi drivers working for online operators in Tehran City, Iran. To determine the content validity, the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were employed. To evaluate the construct validity and determine the factor structure of the study tool, exploratory factor analysis was performed. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated to determine the internal consistency on 311 completed questionnaires. To evaluate the reliability via the test –retest method, 50 drivers who had responded to the questionnaire in the previous stage were asked to complete the questionnaire again after two weeks. The retest coefficient was calculated using the obtained data. The significance level in the tests was considered 0.05.

Results based on CVR showed that questions 5, 6, 8, 21, 28, 33, 43, and 49 were unnecessary. The CVR for 46 items of the questionnaire ranged from 0.60 to 1%. CVI was estimated to be 0.70. Exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate the construct validity. Considering that the KMO value was 0.918 and the significance level of the Bartlett test was 0.001, it was permissible to continue and use other stages of factor analysis. The results of factor analysis showed that this questionnaire includes seven factors and the total cumulative variance of the factors was 58.75%. According to the factor load of questions, there were six questions for the stress tolerance factor, six questions for the impulse control factor, five questions for the emotional stability factor, five questions for the effective communication factor, seven questions for the flexibility factor, six questions for the conscientiousness factor, and six questions for the anger management factor. The Cronbach alpha coefficient for questions ranged from 0.71 to 0.88; it ranged from 0.83 to 0.90 for subscales, and 0.85 for the whole scale. The coefficient of test interval for subscales ranged from 0.69 to 0.84, and the coefficient of test interval of the whole scale was 0.66.

The results showed that the “Online Taxi Driver Mental Health Questionnaire” has acceptable validity and reliability. Accordingly, this questionnaire can assess the mental health of drivers working in online taxi companies.

Exposure to vibration is one of the occupational agents that causes a variety of health effects. The aim of this study was to determine the association between exposure to human vibration and the physical performance of mining drivers.

In the present study, 65 drivers working in one of the Iron Ore mines, were asked to complete the standard questionnaire for assessing the level of disability of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH). Exposure to human vibration was measured using Svantek 106 vibrometer. Drivers' physical performance was assessed based on grip strength, Pegboard dexterity, and monofilament finger sensory tests. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software.

The average vibration acceleration whole body (WBV) and hand-arm (HAV) were 1.00±0.23 and 2.46±0.68 m/s2 respectively. There was a significant relationship between exposure to HAV and grip strength and hand dexterity (p <0.05). According to the DASH score, 56.9% of drivers had mild and 43.1% had moderate upper limb disability. The results of the multiple regression model with a coefficient of determination of 0.207 showed that the WBV in the presence of other predictor variables had a significant effect on DASH score (p<0.05).

In mining truck drivers, WBV exposure was higher and HAV exposure was lower than the national exposure limits. The results confirmed that WBV caused by mining trucks is the most important risk factor affecting the level of drivers' disability.

Traffic violations and accidents are serious problems of social and public management in most societies. While much research has been done on the etiology and human factors associated with traffic violations and accidents, the role of psychological factors, especially personality and cognitive variables, less attention has been paid. This study aimed to compare the sensitivity to punishment, sensitivity to reward, and driving risk perception in two groups of offending and non- offending drivers.

In this cross-sectional study, 80 drivers (42 individuals in the offending group and 38 individuals in the non-offending group) from Iran, bojnord, in 2020 were selected by purposeful and available sampling. Data was collected using the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaires -Revised and Clarified (SPSRQ-RC) and the Driving Hazard Perception Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

There were statistically significant difference in sensitivity to punishment between the two groups of offending and non-offending drivers, and the offending group had less sensitivity to punishment than the non-offending group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in sensitivity to reward (p>0.05). also, results showed that there were significant difference between the two groups in driving risk perception; driving risk perception in offending drivers was less than non- offending drivers (p<0.05).

Lower sensitivity to punishment and driving risk perception is associated with more driving violations. Accordingly, Strategies generating campaigns that focus on negative sanctions that could activate the BIS may be particularly effective in reducing illegal and risky driving behaviors. Also, the driving risk perception can be considered an essential factor in screening drivers for a driver's license.

Violence and aggressive behaviors are major risk factors for traffic accidents. The driverschr('39') attitudes and behaviors can also be influenced by personality traits. The purpose of this research was to identify the relationship between violent behaviors in driving and personality traits.

In this study, a 20-item researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data related to violence and the revised 60-item Neo Personality Inventory was used to collect data about personality traits including extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness. Psychometric evaluation was performed for data collection tools from September to January 2018. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric statistical analysis including Mann-Whitney and Kruskal were used to analyze the data.

In this study, 87.3% of the participants were male and 12.7% were female. The mean age of the participants was 42 years. The dominant personality trait was conscientiousness among the drivers (30.2%). The results showed a significant correlation between the degree of violence and neuroticism (P= 0.02). Based on regression analysis, 19% of violence could be explained based on the personality trait.

Neuroticism can potentially indicate driving behavior and the degree of violence. Therefore, it is essential to predict the drivers’ behaviors to improve road safety. It can provide useful information regarding road safety interventions for road users to target drivers who are more exposed to undesirable driving behaviors.

Human errors, which can be caused by factors such as mental and personality conditions, are the most important factors causing irreparable loss of life and property in traffic accidents. Depression is one of the most common and complex medical and social issues, and if left untreated, it can affect a person's abilities. The aim of this study was to determine and investigate the prevalence of background depression and related factors in drivers of passenger cars with an accident, Trauma Center.

The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study of 195 drivers with a car accident in the first half of 2018 at Shahid Beheshti Hospital. Demographic information was collected by a questionnaire and depression was collected by a Beck questionnaire. The questionnaire took an average of 10 minutes to complete. The questionnaire was conducted by a physician who was familiar with the interview. The presence and severity of depression were measured based on this questionnaire and based on the score obtained from the Beck test in the category of very mild or normal depression (grades 1 to 10), mild (11 to 16), borderline and need for counseling (17 to 20), moderate or they were depressed (21 to 30), severely depressed (31 to 40) and overly depressed (41 to 63). Version 3.6.1 R software was used to analyze the data. Based on the type of data collected, statistical tests were used for student analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirinov, Spearman, Mann Whitney, Croscale Wallis, Fisher's meta-analysis or accurate test for analysis.

The results indicated that the average age of drivers was 37.6 years. 55.36% of the study population were married, 46.67% had a university degree, 89.33% of the study population had a normal and low level of economic satisfaction and more than 60% of them did not have job satisfaction. The average depression score was based on the Beck 16 questionnaire, and only 28% of drivers were depressed and healthy, and about 14.36 percent had an alcohol consumption culture.

The results of the present study indicated that the prevalence of depression in drivers in Yasuj was high, out of 9 factors studied, only four factors of smoking, alcohol consumption, economic status and job satisfaction showed a significant correlation between depression and depression. Contrary to popular belief and culture that alcohol is not consumed, consumption among drivers with accidents was widespread.

Annually, many people die or suffer from irreparable injuries in road accidents worldwide. One of the causes of accidents is drivers, cognitive factors and the vehicle color is one of the factors that affect the cognitive performance of the drivers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between vehicle color and type of accidents leading to death and injury.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 300 randomly selected cases of accidents in Kerman. Information including the manner of accident, name and color of vehicle, location, cause, time, area of protection, weekday, season and type of accident were collected from traffic police and traffic department statistics and analyzed by using SPSS software.

The results of the study showed that most of the accidents occurred during daylight hours. Motorcycle, black and white vehicles had the highest and yellow and beige vehicles had the least frequency. There was no significant difference between vehicle color (dark and light) and other variables with the type of accidents leading to the driver's death and injury.

According to the results of this study, no significant relationship was observed between vehicle color (dark and light) and the type of accidents leading to death and injury on. One of the reasons seems to be the difference between the methods of statistical analysis. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between the type of accidents and vehicle color.