جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « hepatitis » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 The epidemiology of cirrhosis, a significant public health issue, remains poorly understood in Iran.

 This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics, etiologies, complications, and outcomes of patients with cirrhosis who were registered in the Shiraz cirrhosis registry in Iran.

 In this descriptive-analytical study, a total of 2937 patients with cirrhosis from 2009 to 2016, and 683 patients from 2017 to 2022 were enrolled at Shahid Motahhari clinic in Shiraz and included in our database. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected at baseline and every six months thereafter. Mortality, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver transplantation occurrences were monitored biannually. Statistical differences between groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test, depending on the data distribution and the nature of the variables.

 The average age of patients during the first period was 47.4 ± 21.5 years, and for the second period, it was 54.8 ± 14.1 years. Biochemical levels and the prevalence of most complications were higher in the second period compared to the first. Ascites was the most common complication in the first group (52.1%), while esophageal varices were more prevalent in the second (40.1%). Hepatitis B and C were common among patients, especially in men. Patients registered in the earlier period had higher mortality and liver transplantation rates than those in the later period.

 The findings suggest that patients registered in the later period displayed better laboratory and clinical outcomes, likely due to improved management strategies over time. Viral hepatitis B and C were identified as the predominant etiologies among the patients with cirrhosis included in the study.

The hepatotropic viruses are the most common causes of hepatitis worldwide; however, other infectious and non-infectious reasons can play a role in disease progress. In this study, we examined the infectious and non-infectious causes, and diagnoses of clinical signs of acute hepatitis in children admitted to Tabriz Children Hospital.

In this study, the files of the children hospitalized between 2006 and 2016 with acute viral and non-viral clinical signs were extracted in Tabriz Children Hospital and patients’ information including age, sex, place of residence, type of disease, and their recovery status were investigated.

Of all patients, 62 were boys (48.4%) and the mean age of the hospitalized children was 6.92±0.46 years. The most common cause was hepatitis A, followed by autoimmune hepatitis. There was no significant relationship between age, gender, and place of residence with diagnosis, but there was a significant relationship between diagnosis and hepatitis type.

The most common type of hepatitis in our study was hepatitis A, and according to its method of transmission, observing health tips is of high significance. Based on the obtained results, autoimmune hepatitis is chronic and requires long-term follow-up. 

Kidney-liver crosstalk plays a crucial role in normal and certain pathological conditions. In pathologic states, both renal-induced liver damage and liver-induced kidney diseases may happen through these kidney-liver interactions. This bidirectional crosstalk takes place through the systemic conditions that mutually influence both the liver and kidneys. Ischemia and reperfusion, cytokine release and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, metabolic acidosis, oxidative stress, and altered enzyme activity and metabolic pathways establish the base of this interaction between the kidneys and liver. In these concomitant kidney-liver diseases, the survival rates strongly correlate with early intervention and treatment of organ dysfunction. Proper care of a nephrologist and hepatologist and the identification of pathological conditions using biomarkers at early stages are necessary to prevent the complications induced by this complex and potentially vicious cycle. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of this crosstalk is essential for better management. In this review, we discussed the available literature concerning the detrimental effects of kidney failure on liver functions and liver-induced kidney diseases.

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is the most common pediatric renal disease. Immune dysregulation, prolonged immunosuppressive treatment, and recurrent prolonged proteinuria in NS cause alterations in serum immunoglobulins, especially hypogammaglobulinemia. Thus, anti-HBs titer may be reduced in NS patients. We assessed anti-HBs titer among hepatitis B-vaccinated children with NS.

This case-control study was conducted at the Department of Paediatrics of the Institute of Child & Mother Health, Dhaka, from July 2020 to June 2021. Sixty-one children with primary and recurrent NS previously vaccinated according to the expanded programme on immunization program were evaluated for anti-HBs titer and compared with 61 age- and sex-matched healthy children.

Protective anti-HBs titer was found in 29(47.5%) and 40(65.6%) cases in the case and control groups, respectively. The mean anti-HBs titer was 37.2±35.5 IU/L in the case group and 55.7±28.3 IU/L in the control group, which showed a significant difference between the groups. The mean anti-HBs titer was 52.9±35.5 IU/L in the first attack, 33.9±36.8 IU/L in the infrequent relapse nephrotic syndrome (IFRNS), and 22.2±27.41 IU/L in the frequent relapse nephrotic syndrome (FRNS), respectively. The difference was also significant statistically. The mean anti-HBs titer was lower in the FRNS and IFRNS and significant in the FRNS compared to the first attack. The mean anti-HBs titer was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the IFRNS and FRNS compared to the controls.

Anti-HBs titer was found significantly lower than the protective level in the first attack and relapse cases of NS.

Mobile-based self-care applications can help patients with hepatitis increase their awareness about various aspects of the disease. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a self-care mobile app for viral hepatitis.

This study was conducted in three steps. In the first step, a questionnaire containing 24 topics in four sections was used to determine the potential app contents. In the second step, the app was developed using the Android Studio 3 development environment and Kotlin programming language. In the third step, the quality of the app was evaluated using mobile app rating scale (MARS). The Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction (QUIS) was used to evaluate user satisfaction.

A high priority was given to the following contents of the medical and health information section; describing ways of transmitting hepatitis (81.7%), dealing with high-risk behaviors (80.6%), and methods of preventing hepatitis (79.6%). The MARS and QUIS evaluations’ results showed that the quality of the app and the user satisfaction with it were at a good level.

Since according to the participants, the topics related to the “medical and health information” section were the most important contents, we recommend addressing this part in designing other self-care apps.

Viral hepatitis is increasingly being recognized as a public health problem, requiring special attention. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that in 2019, 296 million people globally (3.8%) had chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and 58 million people (0.8%) were living with hepatitis C virus (HCV). To add to this, every year, about 1.5 million people are newly infected with either hepatitis B or C viruses. The Global Health Sector Strategy (GHSS) has aimed to eliminate viral hepatitis as a major public health problem by 2030.

We conducted a desk review to identify strategies for preventing viral hepatitis and develop a roadmap to attain the sustainable development goals (SDG) target by 2030 (particularly in low- and middle-income countries). A search was done in PubMed via Medline on 1 December 2022.

The focus has to be on key interventions, including hepatitis B vaccination (part of the routine child immunization along with rescheduling the birth dose to up to 7 days post-term, adult vaccination, for targeted groups like health care providers, rag pickers, waste handlers, and sanitation workers), ensuring safe injection practices and blood transfusion, harm reduction interventions for people who inject drugs (PWID), adequate testing for early diagnosis, and ensuring appropriate treatment.

It is the need of the hour to prioritize key interventions identified in the review for preventing viral hepatitis.

Currently, liver fibrosis is growing worldwide; unfortunately, there is no definite cure for this disease. Hence, understanding the molecular pathways involved in the development of liver fibrosis can help to find a proper treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of isorhamnetin as an antifibrotic agent on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC)-T6 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. We have also attempted to assess signaling pathways that may affect liver fibrosis.

PDGF-BB was used to activate the HSC-T6 rat hepatic stellate cell line. The activated cells were treated with Isorhamnetin for 24 h. Finally, we compared the mRNA expression level of COLA1 α-SMA and also the level of phosphorylated AKT protein with the control group.

The obtained data revealed a significant increase in the expression level of the COLA1 and α-SMA genes (p > 0.05), as well as phosphorylated AKT protein, in the cells treated with PDGF-BB. In addition, 75 and 100 µM concentrations of Isorhamnetin markedly declined the COLA1 and α-SMA expression and also the phosphorylated AKT protein level in the HSC-T6 cells.

Our findings suggest that Isorhamnetin decreases HSC-T6 activation, the expression of COLA1 and α-SMA, in vitro, which could act as an antifibrotic element to reduce and treat liver fibrosis disease.

The most common symptoms in neonates with severe COVID-19 infection have been respiratory problems. The virus may adversely affect organs such as the liver. 

Studies focusing solely on liver involvement in newborns with COVID-19 infection were searched in Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Eight studies were finally reviewed.

Direct viral invasion (COVID-19-induced hepatitis or systemic inflammatory response) and drug-induced may contribute to liver damage in neonates. SARS-CoV-2 may be the latest spark in toxoplasmosis, other agents, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes infections, and fetal liver involvement may be induced by transplacental transmission. 

Hepatic dysfunction is infrequent but important in neonates with COVID-19 infection and the mechanism of liver damage associated with COVID-19 may differ from that in adults.

 Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related hepatitis has been increasing in the past decade.

 This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of plasma exchange (PE) and a double-plasma molecular absorption system (DPMAS) for ICI-related hepatitis.

 A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with ICI-related hepatitis treated at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University (China). The collected data included biochemical indices, treatments, the use of an artificial liver support system (ALSS), and outcomes.

 From June 2021 to January 2023, 16 patients were treated and included in the analysis. Eight patients in group A received general support. The other 8 patients in group B received general support, plus 3 rounds of ALSS every 2 - 4 days (4 patients were treated with PE and the others with DPMAS + PE). There was no significant difference in age and treatment days between the two groups. Before treatment, there was no significant difference in direct bilirubin (DBIL), glutamine transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase (ALT), procalcitonin, the international normalized ratio (INR), model for end-stage liver disease scores, albumin, globulin, and hemocyte count between groups A and B (in all cases, P > 0.05). However, the total bilirubin (TBIL) of group B was significantly higher than that of group A (P = 0.029). After treatment, TBIL and DBIL were significantly decreased in group B (both P < 0.05), and group B had a significantly lower GGT (P = 0.028) and higher INR (P = 0.004) than group A. The ALP level of group B was also lower, but the difference was not significant (P = 0.068). No allergic reaction or severe adverse effect was observed.

 Both PE and DPMAS + PE can effectively improve ICI-related hepatitis within the short term and are more effective for patients with hyperbilirubinemia. Liver function should be monitored continuously during treatment.

Tebuconazole is a systemic fungicide whose toxicity has been reported in animals and humans due to direct and indirect exposure. Our study aimed to assess the hepatotoxic effects of tebuconazole at subacute doses in rats.

Tebuconazole was administered by oral gavage at doses of 6, 12, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg daily. Serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP were determined. Histopathological analysis was performed using liver sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Parameters such as cell inflammation, accumulation of lipid vacuoles, and hepatocyte necrosis were assessed. 

The results showed that the serum levels of AST, ALT, and ALP enzymes elevated in all Tebuconazole doses compared to the control group. This elevation was statistically significant in the 50 and 100 mg/kg groups compared to the control group. Histopathological results revealed the increased necrosis and destruction of hepatocytes and accumulation of lipid vacuoles in the study groups compared to the control group.

The study’s results showed significant hepatotoxic effects at subacute doses of tebuconazole. These results are alarming in the widespread use of tebuconazole as a fungicide. It is recommended to take the necessary precautions, including wearing gloves or a mask.

Buprenorphine (BUP), a synthetic opioid, treats pain and opioid use syndrome. The potential of BUP to cause liver toxicity has not been fully evaluated. The present literature review was designed to investigate the impact of BUP treatment on liver function in patients without a previous history of liver diseases.

A literature review was implemented within databases of Scopus, PubMed, ISI, and Cochran until February 2022. Studies published in English were included in this study. Retrieved citations were screened and data were extracted by at least two independent reviewers.

Of the 1853 studies screened citations, 14 research reports were eligible. Overall, among the randomized controlled trial, four studies reported hepatotoxicity in patients who had a history of hepatitis C or hepatitis B seroconversion under BUP treatment.

No strong evidence was found for hepatotoxicity of BUP in this study. Elevation in the liver enzyme levels in some patients may be related to other factors such as infectious diseases, illicit drugs, alcohol consumption, environmental pollutants, and chronic diseases. More experimental and clinical studies should be conducted to address this question.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer, and different hepatitis viruses might affect the prognosis of patients with HCC.

This study aimed to reveal the differences in the postoperative prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-related HCC (HBV-HCC), hepatitis C virus-related HCC (HCV-HCC), and non-HBV non-HCV hepatocellular carcinoma (NBNC-HCC).

The databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for articles published until April 2022. Stata software version 12 and Review Manager version 5.4 were used to conduct the meta-analysis, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was adopted in this study.

In the present study, 26 papers on a total of 20381 participants who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The 5-year overall survival in the HBV-HCC and HCV-HCC groups was lower than in the NBNC-HCC group (HBV-HCC vs. NBNC-HCC, P = 0.005; HCV-HCC vs. NBNC-HCC, P = 0.001). Patients with HBV-HCC and HCV-HCC had worse 5-year recurrence-free survival than patients with NBNC-HCC (HBV-HCC vs. NBNC-HCC, P = 0; HCV-HCC vs. NBNC-HCC, P = 0). In addition, the 5-year recurrence-free rate in the HCV-HCC group was lower than in the HBV-HCC group (P = 0). The observed association between serum alpha-fetoprotein levels and the postoperative prognosis was inconsistent in different subgroups.

Patients with NBNC-HCC had a significantly better postoperative prognosis than those with virus-related HCC. The alpha-fetoprotein levels significantly correlated with the postoperative prognosis of patients with HCC.

COVID-19 has spread out all around the world and seriously interrupted human activities. Being a newfound disease, not only many aspects of the disease are unknown, but also there is not an effective medication to cure the disease. Besides, designing a drug is a time-consuming process and needs large investment. Hence, drug repurposing techniques, employed to discover the hidden benefits of the existing drugs, maybe a useful option for treating COVID-19.

The present study exploits the drug repositioning concepts and introduces some candidate drugs which may be effective in controlling COVID-19. The suggested method consists of three main steps. First, the required data such as the amino acid sequences of targets and drug-target interactions are extracted from the public databases. Second, the similarity score between the targets (protein/enzymes) and genome of SARS-COV-2 is computed using the proposed fuzzy logic-based method. Since the classical approaches yield outcomes which may not be useful for the real-world applications, the fuzzy technique can address the issue. Third, after ranking targets based on the obtained scores, the usefulness of drugs affecting them is examined for managing COVID-19.

The results indicate that antiviral medicines, designed for curing hepatitis C, may also cure COVID-19. According to the findings, ribavirin, simeprevir, danoprevir, and XTL-6865 may be helpful in controlling the disease.

It can be concluded that the similarity-based drug repurposing techniques may be the most suitable option for managing emerging diseases such as COVID-19 and can be applied to a wide range of data. Also, fuzzy logic-based scoring methods can produce outcomes which are more consistent with the real-world biological applications than others.

Female sex workers are vulnerable and at high risk to acquire sexually transmitted infections, and act as a bridge in the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to the general population. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of the main viral pathogens responsible for STIs, including Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in female sex workers in the world.

A systematic search was carried out for relevant literature in international databases from database inception to September 25, 2019. The pooled prevalence for each STI of interest was estimated by a DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model using the inverse variance method.

The lowest pooled prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HSV-2 infections was seen in the Republic of Mauritius (0.17%; 95% CI: 0.01%-2.64%), Panama (0.20%; 95% CI: 0.05%-0.80%), and Iran (14.12%; 95% CI: 6.66%-27.48%), respectively. The highest pooled prevalence of HBV infection was found in Slovakia (22.22%; 95% CI: 8.60%-46.47%), while for HCV and HSV-2 infections was observed in Scotland (64.29%; 95% CI: 54.35%-73.13%) and Indonesia (90.30%; 95% CI: 84.76%-93.97%), respectively.

A decreasing trend was observed in the prevalence of STIs of interest among female sex workers during recent years. However, the prevalence has remained high in some regions, and therefore it is important to improve prevention programs and conduct surveillance regularly in all parts of the world to decrease the risk of transmission of infections to the general population.

The purpose of the current study is to analyze the potential association between viral hepatitis and the severity of COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide concern that has created major issues with many aspects. It is important to identify the risk factors for severe outcomes of this disease. To date, no association between viral hepatitis and severe COVID-19 has not been established.

Through November 5th, 2020, the databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, and medRxiv were systematically searched using specific keywords related to the focus of the study. All articles published on COVID-19 and viral hepatitis were retrieved. The Mantel- Haenszel formula with random-effects models was used to obtain the risk ratio (RR) along with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous variables. The two-tailed p-value was set with a value ≤0.05 considered statistically significant. Restricted-maximum likelihood meta-regression was done for several variables, such as age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, and other liver disease.

Results:

Analysis results included a total of 16 studies with a total of 14,682 patients. Meta-analysis showed that viral hepatitis increases the risk of developing severe COVID-19 (RR 1.68 (95% CI 1.26 – 2.22), p = 0.0003, I2 = 21%, random-effect modeling). According to the meta-regression analysis, the association between viral hepatitis and severe COVID-19 was not influenced by age (p = 0.067), diabetes (p = 0.057), or other liver disease (p = 0.646).

An increase of severe COVID-19 risk is associated with viral hepatitis. To reduce the risk of COVID-19, patients with viral hepatitis should be monitored carefully.