جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « occupational injuries » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses faced unprecedented challenges they had not experienced before, leading to multiple psychological health issues. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on fatigue, post-traumatic stress disorder, and cognitive job failures among nurses in the post-COVID-19 era.

The current research utilized a semi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest approach, employing a control group. The study population consisted of nurses from hospitals in the six provinces of Tehran in 2022. The study sample included 36 nurses who were selected purposively and randomly allocated into the experimental and control groups. The data collection tools included questionnaires assessing the severity of fatigue, post-traumatic stress, and cognitive job failures. The experimental group received eight sessions of 90-minute mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, while the control group did not receive any intervention.

The results indicate that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy significantly reduces fatigue, post-traumatic stress disorder, memory, attention, motor skills, and estimation among nurses.

The findings demonstrate that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy significantly contributes to the reduction of psychological disorders resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic among nurses. Therefore, it is essential to identify and provide psychological treatment for nurses involved in the care of COVID-19 patients in specialized units during the pandemic.

Prevalence of posture and skeletal-muscular disorder will result in consequences such as reduction of power and quality of work, increase in treatment costs, and premature disability. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of postural disorders and their relationship with focal points of pain in traffic police employees.

 This research is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2022 at the traffic police station. 200 available samples were selected according to the entry criteria. The data were collected using a body analysis device, a metal goniometer, a deviation measuring device, a checkerboard with a vertical line, and a standard Nordic questionnaire, and then analyzed by applying the chi-square statistical test at a significance level of p < 0.05 using SPSS 16 software.

In this research, which was conducted with the presence of 200 male employees of traffic Police with an average age of 39.00 ± 3.31 years, an average weight of 84.98 ± 4.27 kg, and an average height of 174.98 ± 2.31 cm, it was determined that the highest prevalence of posture disorders. In order, the bent knee (49.5%), hyperlordosis (49%), torticollis (47.5%), forward head (44%), kyphosis (42.5%) and uneven shoulder (42.5%), and the lowest prevalence of the described disorders was Genu recurvatum (3.5%), Genu valgum (4.5%) and Genu varum (5%). There was a significant relationship between bent knee syndrome and pain in the knee of the right leg (p<0.05) and left leg (p<001), but between pain in the neck, back, and torticollis, head forward, kyphosis, uneven shoulder, and lordosis were no significant.

The highest prevalence of posture disorders among traffic police officers is bent knee and lordosis, respectively. There is no connection between pain in the neck, back, torticollis, forward head, scoliosis, uneven shoulders, and hyperlordosis, but bent knee and pain in the knee are related.

Employees of Traffic Police Headquarters suffer from musculoskeletal pain due to inactivity, sitting for a long time, and being sent to exhausting missions outside the province to solve the country’s traffic problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of focal points of pain in the employees of traffic police headquarters.

This descriptive-analytical research was conducted in 2022 at traffic police headquarters with an available statistical population of 200 employees. After a face-to-face interview and examination of pain points using a Nordic questionnaire and a body map under the supervision of a relevant specialist at the health center of traffic police headquarters, the desired data were collected. The data were analyzed by applying Pearson’s chi-square statistical test at a significance level of p<0.05, and SPSS 16 software was used to analyze the desired data.

In this research, 160 staff members with an average age of 39.00±3.31 years, average weight of 84.98±4.87 kg, and average height of 174.98±2.98 cm and 40 staff members with an average age of 39.00±3.60 years, average weight 89.98±2.51 kg and average height 172.86±3.71 cm were studied. The results in all the studied samples were as follows: the most reports of pain were in the back (58.00%), neck (44.50%), back (39.00%), and right knee (37.50%), respectively. Moreover, the left knee (37.50%) and the least reported pain were in the left ankle (9.00%), right ankle (13.50%) and left wrist (20.00%), respectively. The chi-square test results showed a significant difference in pain in the shoulder, wrist, thigh, knee, leg, and ankle on the right side of the body between the official and official operational groups (p<0.05). However, this difference in the left wrist, neck, back, and waist points was not statistically significant (p<0.05).

According to the job differences between official and official-operational staff, the focal points of pain in these two groups differ. Pain in the knee, shoulder, ankle, leg, and thigh joints is more prevalent in the official operational staff group than in the official group. On the other hand, pain in the wrist and forearm joints is more common in the official group than in the official operational group, but the prevalence of pain in the back, neck, and back is almost the same in both groups.

In any country, the prevention and management of occupational injuries lead to the improvement of the health of the workers of that society. Recognizing occupational injuries is of special importance to achieve the above goal. In this regard, the present study was conducted to determine occupational injuries in the referrals to the Forensic Medical Occupational Compensation Commission of Isfahan during the years 2017 to 2022.

This descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted in 1400 on all those who referred to forensic medicine with occupational compensation complaints. The sample size based on the number of patient visits in the last 5 years was equal to 120 people who were included in the study by the census. Data were collected by checklist and analyzed in SPSS version 22 software at a significance level of less than 0.05.

115 people (95.8%) were male, 48 people (40%) were between 40 and 50 years old, 93 people (77.5%) were married, and 58 people (48.3%)had a diploma. Most injuries were related to skeletal injuries in 66 (55%)of the patients. The work experience of 58 people (48.3%) was less than 10years, 27 people (22.5%) were from other industries and 119 people (99.2%)were from service jobs. The employment status of 88 people (73.3%) was contractual. There was a significant relationship between the organ involved and work history (P<0.05).

Considering that most injuries are related to musculoskeletal disorders, necessary measures, correct policies, appropriate training and protective equipment should be provided to reduce these injuries.

Occupational injuries are an important human resource management challenge with negative effects on employees and organizations. A knowledge of the prevalence of occupational injuries is the first step in eliminating or reducing them. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of occupational injuries among financial employees of hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

This was a cross-sectional questionnaire survey conducted in 2019 in 13 hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences using a valid questionnaire to gather data. A total of 162 questionnaires were randomly distributed among the financial staff of the hospitals, but only 147 subjects completed the questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software.

Analysis of the data showed that 52.6% and 50.2% of the financial staff of the hospitals were suffering from physical and mental occupational injuries, respectively. Most of the occupational physical injuries were related to headache, neck pain, back pain and visual impairment, and most of the occupational psychiatric injuries were stress and anxiety. Female and single employees experienced significantly more occupational injuries. Working in a sitting position for a long time, lack of proper equipment operation, lack of safety and health facilities, insufficient training and carelessness of staff were the causes of musculoskeletal injuries.

About half of the hospital financial staff were found to suffer from occupational injuries. Occupational injuries had had direct and indirect costs for the employees and the hospitals. Hospital managers should plan and implement measures to eliminate or reduce occupational injuries at an individual, group, and organizational level.

Most critical accidents in different industries are observable, but their severity is also predictable and can be controlled. Provided that accident analysis is properly managed with a preventive approach and based on correct findings, in a principled and realistic manner, root causes, corrective actions, and safety measures regarding accidents are performed.

The present research was a descriptive-analytic study, and the reported and recorded fatal occupational accidents were analyzed in the onshore section of one of the construction refinery projects in the South Pars Gas Refinery over a decade using the Tripod Beta method and then main risk factors, pre-conditions, and underlying causes, as well as the existing protective barriers, were identified, and an accidents tree was drawn.

The analysis of fatal occupational accidents showed that 26 immediate causes, 39 preconditions, and 50 underlying causes were involved in those accidents. Six key risk factors include lack of responsibility/organizational impact (57.8%), training (22.2%), hardware or tools and equipment (6.7%), maintenance management (6.7%), work procedures (4.4%), and Error Enforcing conditions (2.2%) had the largest share of the occurrence of accidents.

More than 80% of fatal occupational accidents can be controlled by modifying the two main factors, responsibility and organization and training. Therefore, implementing the total productive maintenance method, effective monitoring of staff work, hiring staff with sufficient knowledge and skills, and improving training indicators will increase understanding of hazard sources, improve safety and reduce accidents.

Occupational accidents impose a lot of direct and indirect costs on the national economy of the country. Because, as a fact, resources are  limited  for  reducing  the  risks  and  costs  can  affect  the  optimal  investment  in  safety issues, the aim of this study was to calculate the economic costs of occupational accidents in one of the South Pars Gas Refinery, Assalouyeh, Boushehr Province.

The present research was a descriptive-analytic study, and the costs from 92 occupational accidents occurred in the South Pars Gas Refinery during the period of 2017 and 2018 is estimated. Estimation of these costs contributes to decision-making for cost control. The systematic accident cost analysis (SACA) method, which calculates their costs and information in the forms of each incident and calculates the total cost based on the type of incident after the analysis of the cost of the incident. Excel, SPSS version 17 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), Kolmogorov-Smironov and Chi-squared tests were used for data manipulations and statistical analysis.

The Most working days were lost in the Gas Refinery (12613 days). The evaluations of accident cost showed that 2/3 of the costs of occupational accidents are visible in the corporate accounting information systems reviewed while 1/3 is hidden from management view. As can be seen the costs due to the absence of the injured employee are the largest cost category with an average of 71%. The highest cost of occupational accidents for a company with 1500 employees was estimated to approximately 27,440,000,000 Rials.

The costs of accidents on employers and ultimately the country's economy are noticeable.  It is really important to recognize the accidents’ causes, control the rate of them and provide sufficient and appropriate occupational health and safety services.

Balancing work and life is one of the concerns of employees in organizations today. One of the tools to create work-life balance is effective organizational communication. The present study was conducted in this direction with the aim of analyzing the effect of effective organizational communication on work-life balance with the mediating role of occupational injuries in Sabalan Social Security Hospital in Ardabil.

In terms of purpose, the present applied research is descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population of this study includes the staff of Sabalan Social Security Hospital in Ardabil, whose number is 600 people. Morgan table was used to determine the sample size of employees and the number of samples was 234 which were selected by simple random sampling method. To measure the variables, Dibaj Occupational Injuries Questionnaire, Susman and Krinos Effective Organizational Communication Questionnaire and Wang and Ko Work-Life Balance Questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed and path analysis and structural equations and regression were used to analyze the research hypotheses.

Findings show that effective organizational communication with the mediating role of job injuries has a significant effect on work-life balance. Predicts effective organizational communication 0.76 and job injuries -0.67 predict changes in work-life balance of employees.

The relationship between the two variables of effective organizational communication and work-life balance of employees is intensified by the variable of occupational injuries if the occupational injuries increase, this effect will be weaker, and if the occupational injuries weaken, this relationship will naturally become stronger.

Needle sticking is one of the problems faced by the staff of health centers, especially nurses. Due to the importance of this issue, the aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and causes of needle head injury among nurses.

This study was a cross-sectional-analytical study and the study population consisted of all nurses working in teaching hospitals in Khorramabad in 1399 of this study.The data collection tool of the questionnaire is two main parts. The first part is about demographic characteristics and the second part includes specialized questions about Needle Stick. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 15 and logistic regression test.

In this study, 380 nurses were randomly selected from all educational hospitals in Khorramabad.out of 380 samples,204 nurses(53.7%) were needled and 176(46.3%) were not needled, 301 (79.2%) were female and 79 (20.8%) were male. They were. Of these,194 (52%) were between 20-30 years old, 142 (38.1%) were between 30-40 years old and 37 (9.9%) were over 40 years old. Statistically, the results showed that there is a significant correlation between shift work and needle sticking (P=0.003), statistically the results showed that there is a significant correlation between work experience and needle sticking (P = 0.027),in terms of The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the workplace and needle sticking (P=0.015). the results showed that there was no significant correlation between gender, age, hospital, education and needle sticking.

Considering that in our country, for various reasons, the use of new injection tools and methods is not common; Therefore,efforts to Changing nurseschr('39') job behavior should be done with more emphasis.

The present study aimed to identify and prioritization of injury risk to the EMS technicians of the Disaster and Emergency Medical Management Center in Semnan Province in 2018.

This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study conducted in 2018. The study population consisted of all managers and technicians of the Disaster and Emergency Medical Management Center in Semnan Province. A sample of 20 people was selected through purposeful sampling method. The required data were collected using the literature review and Delphi technique. In the quantitative step also the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and Expert Choice 10.0 software.

Based on the literature review and Delphi technique results, the occupational injuries to the pre-hospital emergency employees were classified into four groups of physical, psychological, family and occupational injuries. Based on the AHP results, the psychological, physical, family and occupational injuries, with the weights of 0.540, 0.176, 0.172 and 0.11, received the first to fourth priorities, respectively.

Regarding the inevitability of stress and uncontrollable stressors, decreasing the causes of psychological injuries through reducing working hours, adjusting night and evening shifts, organizing welfare programs, etc., as well as taking precautionary measures to reduce physical injuries, reorganizing the employment structure, and passing appropriate supportive laws are necessary.

To survive and achieve competitive successes in the dynamic milieu of modern global competition, organizations should not only coordinate with the evolutions of advanced society but also predict the trajectory of changes and transformations. They ought to be able to lead these changes towards the development of desirable performance in employees for giving rise to a better future. Since leadership is considered as a fundamental process of any organization; moreover, organizations praise or blame the leadership of organizations for any success or failure, we can claim that the attitudes and perspectives of individuals in organizations depend on the leadership style of organizations. Undoubtedly, one of the influential factors in the development of human societies is the leadership styles of managers over their subordinates. Occupational hazards are of the main difficulties in occupational health. Many employees spend more than one-third of their lives in their working environments, where they encounter varying occupational hazards. We witness numerous occupational diseases and events in different occupations every day. By inspecting them, we find out that unsafe behavior is usually the main causing factor. According to the occupational health and safety law, occupational diseases are considered as an illness raised because of exposition to any physical and chemical hazards or biological factors, such that they damage the normal physiological mechanisms and bring about health disorders in working individuals. It is because, in addition to triggering musculoskeletal disorders, hyperacusis, cancer, psychological disorders, cardiovascular side effects, etc., these hazards can eliminate the workforce and impose severe financial losses on the economic system of society by resulting in therapeutic expenses. Furthermore, by leading to occupational injuries, occupational hazards can impact the performance of personnel, increase the risk of job burnout, and decrease job satisfaction. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of the transformational leadership style on predicting occupational injuries in the employees of the Abadan Health Center.  Methods and Materials: The present study had a correlational design and employed structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the study was all employees of the Abadan Health Center (environmental health, schools, nutrition, mothers, professional health, and statistic offices). The samples were selected by the random sampling method. Since the distribution ratio of employees varied in the different parts of the organization, we took into account the same ratio in selecting the samples to reduce sampling error. Because the study was correlational and employed structural equation modeling, the minimum sample size was 15 individuals for every predictive variable. This research had four predictive variables, including leadership style, safety consciousness, safety-related events, and occupational injuries. Likewise, it had eight demographic variables, including gender, age, education, marital status, history, responsibility kind, employment status, and management experience. Since the statistical population of this study comprised 208 individuals, we, finally, used the Cochranchr('39')s formula and random sampling method and selected 135 employees as the sample size of our research.  To observe this minimum size and due to the fact that some questionnaires would not fully be filled out by the respondents or some employees might be disinterested in participating in the study, we selected more employees, almost 145 individuals, using the random sampling method. The inclusion criteria for the study were working in any organizational segments and being randomly selected from their colleagues, and the exclusion criteria to the study were filling out the questionnaires incompletely and displaying disinterest in taking part in the research. The return rate of the surveys was 95 percent. By considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, we imported 145 employees with an age range between 20 and 50 to the study. Among the employees participating in the research, 79.9% were female, 62.7% were married, 60% had an associate degree, 6.9% had over 20 years of working experience, 34.9% were sanitarian, 32.5% were permanently employed, and 19.4% had management experience. To measure the data, we used the The 12-Item transformational leadership style of supervisor Scale (Bass and Avoli. 1990). The questions of this scale are based on the transformational interaction style of a supervisor with his employees. For example, “my supervisor encourages me to assert my ideas and perspectives respecting the improvement in the safety of working environment” and "my supervisor talks with me about the significance of observing safety problems." This scale is based on a five-point Likert measure ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). We calculated the reliability coefficient of this research at 88% using the Cronbach alpha method. Safety consciousne With its five sections (Westaby and Lee 2003) measures the awareness and perception rates of employees towards safety issues. Example questions of this scale are, “I don’t use the equipment I feel they are unsafe.” and “I always use protective equipment or wear the requisite clothes for my job." This scale is based on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree). Using the Cronbach alpha method, we calculated the reliability coefficient of this scale at 84%. The safety-related events scale with nine items (Barling et al. 2002) provides us with information on the frequency of the safety-related events during the past month. An example of the questions of this scale is, “how many times have you been exposed to chemical materials or been in place without proper ventilation?” It is based on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (more than five times). The reliability coefficient of this scale was 77% for the present study. Occupational injuries scale which is a 10-item instrument (Barling et al. 2002) gives us information on the events that employees have experienced in their jobs during the past month. It is a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (more than five times). An instance of the questions of this scale is, “how many times have you suffered from pulmonary injuries?” The reliability coefficient of this scale was 0.77 for this research.We employed the SPSS 18 and AMOS software to analyze the data and determine the regression weights in the structural equations. To investigate the manipulating factors, we provided the sample members with a calm, no distraction, and intimate environment so that they could fill out the questionnaires, conveniently. Likewise, the employees verbally declared their consent regarding their participation in the study. To prevent bias in the responses, we assured the employees that their responses would not be disclosed. Moreover, in compiling the questions of the survey, we attempted not to include value statements; otherwise, they would provoke the employeeschr('39') sensitivity, and; consequently, result in bias in the responses.  

To test the hypothesized effects among transformational leadership style, safety consciousness, safety-related events, and occupational injuries, we employed regression analysis and structural equation modeling. The mentioned coefficients for every path are presented in Table 2. Concerning the findings of the Table, the safety-related events had a significant effect on occupational injuries, and the transformational leadership style had a significant effect on safety consciousness (p<0.05), indicating the significance of the two paths of the model. The transformational leadership style did not have a significant effect on safety-related events. The results of Table 2 demonstrate that the probability value is 0.5 at the 0.05% significance level. This hypothesis is rejected since the probability value is larger than the significance level. Similarly, the safety consciousness hypothesis did not have a significant effect on safety-related events since the probability value was 0.2 at the 0.05% significance level, and; thus, it was larger than the significance level. As observed in Table 2, the results of testing the total indices of the study’s model fit by the path analysis and AMOS software confirms the goodness of fit of the proposed model. Concerning Table 3, it was specified that the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) in this research equaled 76%, which was smaller than 0.1. Thus, we can conclude that the model’s goodness of fit is perfect.

According to the findings of the study, the employees of the Health center are always exposed to potential occupational hazards and work in hazardous conditions. This can negatively affect the mental and somatic health of the employees of these environments. Furthermore, the transformational leadership styles of managers reinforce safety relationships among the managers and employees of an organization. When employees perceive their managers’ support and infer that the managers of organizations care about their well-being and safety, they are more inclined to preserve their safety consciousness. Therefore, we recommend the organizations’ managers expend proper budgets to supply requisite equipment and minimize the occupational hazards of the employees in healthcare centers. Accordingly, we can claim that this research has both theoretical and applied consequences. Erecting regular sessions and encouraging employees to express difficulties and insufficiencies that exist in the working environment, along with embarking on solving difficulties and creating appropriate processes in organizations for the management of occupational injuries, are examples of applied consequences. Meanwhile, the sufficient financing of budgets paves the way for the periodical somatic and psychological examinations of the employees. At the theoretical level, the findings of this study can assist with the enrichment of the current theories associated with the transformational leadership style. Likewise, we suggest the repetition of similar questionnaires concerning the leadership style and occupational injuries of individuals in organizations at certain time intervals (for example, during biannual programs). Future studies may address the effect of environmental factors on occupational injuries and present new hypotheses within the framework of the researches related to occupational injuries. The main limitation of this study was the use of self-report instruments. Since the under-study variables dealt with humanistic variables, we could not easily conclude regardless of other influential factors such as the environment. Carelessness and negligence in filling out the questionnaires, small sample size, and time restriction are of the other limitations of the study. The present study was confined to the employees of an organization. Hence, we suggest future studies replicate this research in other organizations, as well as larger and more diverse populations, in terms of sample size and gender so that they can compare the results.

Occupational injury is an accident occurring during the work and can lead to fatal/ nonfatal injuries as a leading cause of the working time and workforce loss. It is among the most important complications of industrialization in all of the countries as an important health problem. Unintentional injuries are the second cause of death in the world. Although a lot of work has been done to reduce of work-related injuries, the incidence of them are high in Iran. The World Health Organization has registered these accidents as an epidemic public health problem and has considered them as very important economic, and social risk factors in the world. They are regarded as work-related incident problems that can lead to mental or physical occupational injuries, loss of work, work restraint, fatigue and burnout, or occupation change, also a change in the quality of life of individuals and their families and create irreparable effects. Some researches state that more attention should be paid to work place safety and employees’ health because cure expenses of injuries are increasing. Based on the differences in social condition, religion, gender, age distribution of working employees among different countries, it is difficult to generalize accidents statistics to all of the work places, but the rate of occupational accidents has been increase in in developing countries. Some workplaces are main and riskiest environments in health systems. Also, employees are exposed to many accidents such as sprains and muscle strains resulting from heavy loads lifting, falls or slips, needle-stick, blood and other body fluids contaminations and open wound exposing with blood, cut from knives or scalpels that are important cause of lost hours of work. Continuous exposure to many chemical materials, poor working conditioning, non-continuous job employment and continues work, and pollutants are the important factors which make a high-risk environment of workplace. Moreover, the risk of occupational injuries exists that increase the rate of accident and its damages. Although many important movements are performed to protect employees from occupational injuries, they have not been enough and much works are remained to be done. Having awareness about employees’ demographic characteristics can help health care providers to prevent occupational injuries resulted from their workload, unsafe and indecisiveness occupational behaviors and job-related mistakes with a direct relationship with safety issues. Some studies have suggested that tiredness related to heavy work and working patterns, including shift work, can lead to injuries and tensions among staff who providing services. Other factors such as the physical work environment, organizational and institutional management and policies, and personal habits cause to exposure of employees to many risks of injury and tensions. Exposure to kinds of occupational physical, chemical, psychological, biological, and environmental hazards may cause both short and long-term impact on their health and safety. On the other hand, abusive and incorrect behavior of them toward their clients, many times are being resulted from their bad work situation and health, insufficient quality controls and supervision in their work environment. These injuries are more serious in centers such as forensic medicine organization, and employees of it are at risk of various occupational hazards. They deal with the victims of violence or families of people who suffer from violence or harm. So far, no study has been done to investigate these injuries in our country. Accurate occupational accidents management based on scientific recommendation and analysis of rate statistics is necessary for implementing preventive strategies. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of Study of occupational injuries in employees of forensic medicine organizations in West Azerbaijan province 2016.

This research is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study carried out on 88 employees of forensic medicine organizations in West Azerbaijan province selected by an available and stratified random sampling method. Data were collected by the use of a researcher-made questionnaire including the following two parts: the first part consisted of demographic variables such as gender, age, years of work experience, and organizational position and the second part contained was Dibaj's occupational injury questionnaire designated based on the literature review and previous research that was related to the level of occupational injuries, in which the types of occupational injuries were divided into three general classes and several sub-categories. Data were analyzed by SPSS-18 software.

Various factors were effective on the incidence of occupational injuries rate as well as on severity, type and frequency of injuries resulting from work place accidents. Findings showed that 54 (61.4%) of participants were male and 34 (38.6%) were female, with an average age of 41.6 ± 7.1 years. Also, the average working experience of them was 14.1 ± 7.2 years. In examining occupational injuries, the level of ultra-individual injuries was with high severity in employees, intermediate and interpersonal score of injuries was average. In assessing inter-person injuries, emotional, physical and emotional injuries had a higher severity than other sub- categories. In interpersonal injuries, the damage to the employee relationship with the client was severe. Examining obtained scores from severity of ultra- employees’ damage; the damage related to salary, and occupational security and employee management had the highest score. Eventually, it was observed that there was a significant relationship between income and individual interpersonal injuries and job satisfaction with intra-personal injuries, interpersonal injuries and ultra-individual injuries (p≤0.05).

The findings of this study and other researches have revealed that work places are a high risk environment that its consequences can lead to many adverse accidents. Therefore, identifying the effective factors can help in the identification and prevention of risks and their analysis and correct management that can decrease the rate of occupational injuries on working sites. As mentioned above, the accidents frequency can be affected by demographic characteristics and environmental situation. In this regard, improvement of influencing factors is vital and can be recommended as effective method for prevention of accident. With regard to the relationship between demographic characteristics and environmental situation and occupational accidents, increased awareness of organization managers as well as its employees about safety knowledge, collaborative management, improved incentive system for employee safety and management of occupational stress and finding the affective ways to decrease of them can develop employees' abilities to work in a safe condition. People who are involved in heavy physical shifts were more likely to face with occupational injuries due to tiredness and lack of mental concentration, it seems that providing opportunities for motivation of accountability, gathering and analysis of work place information, appropriate selection, help to prepare a proper managing plan and assessing, and training workshops for in service skills education may be a useful method to improvement of motivation for employees. It is suggested that policy makers, by allocating sufficient resources to educating and increasing the skills of the employees and providing necessary equipment, and improving appropriate policy guidelines for progressing the work environment will decrease the number of occupational injuries occurrence. On the other hand, organizing purposeful meetings with employees of the organization and encouraging them to state their failures and problems in the workplace may help policy makers and managers to solve their problems. In view of the importance of the occupational injuries issues in different countries and resulted damages resulting, a standard registration system of injuries and skillful personnel is needed in order to get more exact and reliable results. Since a number of injuries may be prevented, programs such as using physical and mental safety equipment, employees’ education and controlling their work place can be effective in decreasing the number of the accidents. Following the work safety plans, knowing about work safety rules will prevent the occurrence of the resulting injuries. Therefore, promotion of risk perception through setting useful policies and education should be considered for general risk management. Moreover, it should be noted that organization managers’ special attention to providing particular protective tools for their staff in hazardous work place can significantly decrease accidents. On the other hand, educators are asked to use theories and patterns in preventive education when they are providing their educational programs in order to achieve a better result and promote the efficiency of training programs, as well as using the new methods and tools. Theories and models can be useful in different phases of assessing, managing, planning, implementation, and evaluation of any intervention, as they cooperate to the understanding of an optimal healthy behavior and explanation of its necessity and diagnosis of effective factors, so that the most useful goals can be accomplished for strategic programs. To improve planning, it is necessary to provide information to decision makers at a national level. Another important item is a training program that must be provided to protect employees at workplaces. Improvement of working standards, and progress of human resources and their occupational health should be considered vital elements of the national strategy with government collaboration are recommended.

Using databases in order to access electronic documents increases the necessity of reviewing the performance and coverage of the databases. The aim of this study was to assess the recall and precision of Persian databases for retrieval of scholarly information in the field of occupational injuries.

This descriptive study was done using observation and comparison. The investigated community included national databases of SafeLir, Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, and Irandoc, and the sample size included the number of documents retrieved from these databases in the last two decades. Keywords were determined based on the opinions of the members of the research team and review of the relevant documents. Finally, forty key words were chosen, and the sites were searched, and the number of recovered documents was recorded. Indices and graphs related to recall and precision were prepared.

The number of recovered documents from Magiran, SID, SafeLir, and Irandoc were 411, 153, 523, and 149, respectively. SafeLir database had a higher relative recall (83.7%) and SID had a higher precision (89.54%) in retrieving relevant documents than other databases. The greatest overlap was between Magiran and SafeLir (269 documents).

The findings of this study will help researchers in the field of injuries and related fields to identify the appropriate database (with an appropriate recall and precision) to retrieve documents in their specialized fields. If recall of the search or precision of the search or both of them are important, it is recommended to use SafeLir, SID, and SafeLir databases, respectively.