جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « primary school children » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Social anxiety disorder in children and adolescents is associated with some psychological problems that require effective treatment. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-focused cognitive behavioral therapy on emotion regulation and sleep habits of children with social anxiety.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research population included primary school students in the fourth to sixth grades in Qom City, Iran in 2019 academic year. In total, 46 students whose scores were higher than 29.5 in the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, were selected and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The participants answered the pre-test Emotion Regulation Checklist and Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Afterward, the intervention group participated in 16 sessions of therapy and the control group remained on the waiting list. Finally, the participants were evaluated at the post-test stage and the collected data were examined by analysis of covariance and SPSS software.

Based on the results of multivariate analysis of covariance, after the control of pre-test effects, there was a significant difference in the linear combination of emotion regulation and sleep habits variables of the two groups (Wilks' lambda=0.063, F10,23=34.182, P=0.001). The tests of univariate analysis of covariance also showed a significant increase in emotion regulation and a significant decrease in emotional lability/negativity and sleep disorders (except the sleep onset delay) in the intervention group after the therapeutic sessions.

Emotion-focused cognitive behavioral therapy is an important and effective treatment for emotion regulation and sleep habits in socially anxious children who are referred to mental health professionals.

Depression in children is especially related to social anxiety. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (ECBT) in depression and its components in children with social anxiety.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. Among the primary school students of Qom in the 2019 academic year, 46 students whose score was higher than 29.5 on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (n=23) and control (n=23) groups. Firstly, both groups responded to Children's Depression Inventory as the pre-test. Thereafter, the experimental group participated in the 16 sessions of ECBT, and the control group remained on the waiting list. Finally, the two groups were administered the post-test.

The results of Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) demonstrated that after the control of pre-test effects, there was a significant difference in the linear combination of depression components of the two groups (Wilks' lambda= 0.065, F33,5= 94.662, P= 0.001). The results of univariate tests of ANCOVA also showed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in all depression components (and also the total score) in children of the experimental group after the ECBT sessions.

As evidenced by the results of this study, ECBT is an effective treatment for depression in children with social anxiety. It is suggested that mental health professionals prioritize this treatment in their therapeutic programs.

Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one the most prevalent disorders in childhood and adolescence. Children with ADHD have usually different problems in controlling their behaviors. Their families are confronted with many doubts and conflicts in managing the behaviors of these children. This study aimed to design a family-centered behavioral management program (FBMP) and assess its effectiveness in reducing the symptoms of ADHD in the primary school students.

This study was an applied research with quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design and follow-up stage. The statistical population included the parents of all primary school children with ADHD in Tehran city in the academic year 2018-2019. 64 parents out of this population were selected by convenience sampling and then randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The experimental group received ten 90-min sessions of FBMP, while the control group was put on a waiting list to receive it. Data were collected by Conner's Teacher and Parent Rating Scale (1999). Repeated Measures ANOVA was used to analyze the data. 

Data analysis by repeated measures ANOVA revealed that FBMP was significantly effective in reducing the symptoms of ADHD in the primary school children. Findings showed that there was a significant difference between the groups in the posttest (55.13) and follow-up stage (46.75) (P≤0.05). Therefore, results showed that the program was significantly effective in reducing the symptoms of ADHD and this efficacy was stable during the 2-month follow-up period.  

Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that FBMP makes a better transaction between the children with ADHD and their parents and shapes a better understanding between them, which ultimately leads to improvement of child's behavior.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Quranic stories on school-age children’s self-concept. This study was conducted as a pretest-posttest experimental design on 60 primary school children aged 7-12 years old in the city of Gonbad-e-Kavos in 2017, who were assigned to two groups of intervention and control through simple random sampling. The intervention group received eight sessions of storytelling (two sessions per week for 60 minutes). The participants completed the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale twice. The data were analyzed though SPSS 16 and using independent t-test and paired t-test. Based on the results, overall self-concept was 57.20 ± 4.57 in the control group and 62.63 + 3.85 in the intervention group, which shows a significant difference (p=0.001). Independent t-test showed no significant difference among the dimensions of self-concept scale in the intervention and control groups. However, independent t-test showed a significant difference between the mean of self-concept dimensions of school-age children in the intervention group and that in the control group. Also, there was no significant difference in the self-concept of children before and after the storytelling in the control group (p=0.31), but there was a significant difference in the children’ self-concept before and after the storytelling sessions in the intervention group (p <0.005). Self-concept increased in the group receiving Quranic storytelling. Therefore, it can be said that storytelling intervention influenced the level of self-concept of school-age children. The Quranic stories make children aware of themselves and lead to their good mental health.

Enterobius vermicularis is a human parasitic nematode and lives in the cecum and the distal parts of the digestive system. It is estimated that about one billion people are infected with this parasite worldwide, and children are more commonly infected than other age groups. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of E.vermicularis and the relevant factors among primary school children in Bushehr.
After coordination with the ministry of education, 12 schools were randomly selected from six districts in two stages, and 203 male and female students at different educational levels were examined using Garaham method. First, parents were trained how to sample properly and were given the necessary equipment. Then samples were collected and examined microscopically. Data were analyzed in SPSS 18.0 software using appropriate statistical tests.
Of the participants, 13.3% of cases (7.9% male and 5.4% female) were infected with E.vermicularis. The highest prevalence was observed in the fifth-grade students. There was no significant relationship between some symptoms such as drooling, sucking fingers and nail-biting and their gender, but it was significant for tooth grinding during sleep. The infection rate increased with the increasing family size.
Given the prevalence of E.vermicularis among school children was relatively considerable in this study and that it causes sleep, growth and learning disorders in children, it is suggested that training courses be held for parents and preventive measures be taken to improve health in the region.

TV commercials are mentioned as factors influencing food choice of children. In the current study content of food commercial messages during children's program in two TV channels of Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (I.R.I.B.) were analyzed. At the same time, any relationship between recalling food commercial messages with an interest in consumption of the same food products was investigated by an experimental study with primary school children, as well.
The study was conducted in two phases simultaneously. In the first part 73.5 and 35 hours of TV children's program of channels II and Education were recorded for a week (May 6th to 12th, 2015), respectively. Then the content of recorded commercial messages was analyzed based on a predetermined procedure. In the second part, 403 students (50% girls ) in grades fourth, fifth and sixth from four state primary school in Shirvan took part in a cross-sectional study and answered to the questions including duration of TV viewing, names of remembered TV food commercials, definition of desired TV food commercials and whether they like to consume the related food products via a self-administered questionnaire.
Part I: TV food commercial messages in view of frequency and duration ranked the fifth and the sixth, respectively. Snacks (fruit leather and plum paste) were the most frequent (75%) broadcast commercials. "Superiority over other food products" (47.4%) was the most frequent message used to promote sale of a food product. "High quality / accuracy in the preparation" (28.3%), "novelty" (21%) and "stimulating thirst and hunger" (15%) were the most frequent appeals of food commercials for stimulation of the audience for purchasing, respectively. Part II: More than half (62.5%) of the recalled food commercials were desired by the students (P Despite the dramatic decline in television food commercials compared to previous studies, the nutritional value of food commercials was still low. In addition, in some cases there was a significant relationship between remembering commercial message with interest in or consumption of the same food products. This study provides policy makers and officials with evidence to make effective decisions on food commercials directed at children.

Malnutrition and none healthy dietary habits may lead to physical and mental growth disorder and cognitive function. This study aimed to determine the relationship between dietary habits and educational achievement among primary school children in Kermanshah suburb areas.

A cross-sectional study was designed and 704 primary school children recruited from the Kermanshah suburb area. Food Frequency and demographic questionnaires applied for data collection. The body weight and height measured and body mass index (BMI) percentile for age and gender were calculated. Educational achievement based on age and dental status of decays, missing and filling (DMF) was also investigated.

The average age was 9.58 ± 1.03 years, % 48.4 boy and %51.6 girl. According to the BMI percentiles the prevalence of wasting, overweight and obesity were %16.7%, 13.2 and 4.3% respectively. The number of decayed teeth among children was 3.42 ± 2.5. 3.3 % of children attended to school without having breakfast and 17.3% of them attend with irregular breakfast eating. There was a positive relationship between children average marks and using milk, meat (P=0.001), chicken(P=0.007), yogurt(P=0.01), rice(P=0.004), salad, dates and nuts(P=0.007). A negative significant correlation observed between consumption of traditional soup (P=0.03), stew and lentil soup (P=0.01).

High prevalence of malnutrition (over and under) and inappropriate eating habits especially low diary and meat products consumtion with attending in school without having breckfast may negative affect children health and educational atchivements. Healthy eating and increasing more nutritional knowledge of primary school children and parents may help to combat the problem.

Background and Pediculosis is a worldwide public health concern. This descriptive study was performed on primary-school-aged children to determine the prevalence of pediculosis and its risk factors in Mazandaran Province, Iran, on basis of geographic information system (GIS). A random sampling method was used to select 45237 school-aged children from Sari to Ramsar cities during September 2012 to June 2013. Data were collected from the selected schools by five trained nursing inspectors. A detailed questionnaire was filled for each child prior to hair examination following which examination was carried out to detect head lice as well as eggs/nits. Data were analyzed chi-square test. Finally, the GIS map was obtained in province informational chart. 823 primary-school children (of 45237) were infected with lice in Mazandaran Province. The mean infection prevalence was 1.4% in cities 5.64% in rural area from Sari to Ramsar. There were significant relationships between pediculosis and some factors (P < 0.05). GIS map revealed that the contamination was less in west than in east and central regions. Increasing awareness and training of teachers and parents, as well as improving standards of personal health can significantly reduce the prevalence of pediculosis.

Pediculosis (Pediculuscapitis)، a parasitic disease، used as an important factor to determine health status of a community. This study was performed to survey the factors concerning with Pediculosis epidemiology among primary-school children of Sari، Mazandaran Province، in 2012-13. 4712 primary school children (boys and girls) were visited for head lice using cluster sampling method. Data was collected by five trained individuals using a questionnaire that included the information on the diagnostic result of head lice، eggs، and nits infections as well as the sex، age، grade، and residence place. Data were analyzed through chi-square test and the confidence level was set at 95%. Out of 4712 primary school children 78 individuals were infected with head lice. The prevalence of infection was calculated as 1. 65%. Significant correlations were observed between prevalence of pediculosis and factors such as bathing facilities، using personal instruments، parents educations، having health care consultant، complying with personal health، and fathers job (p<0. 05); while there was no significant relations between head lice infection and hair shape and student grade (p>0. 05). The results illustrate the role of education and guidance of teachers and parents towards improving personal hygiene and public health and subsequently on reducing the Pediculosiscapitis rate among school students in the regions studied.