جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « seasons » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Mahabad dam was constructed to supply drinking water, irrigation, and electricity generation on the Mahabad river located West Azerbaijan, Mahabad. In this research, bacterial contamination of the water of mahabad dam was investigated. According to the geographical properties of the reservoir, 3 stations (near the dam crest, Koter branch, and Bitas branch) were selected and samples were taken via Rottner from different depths of the reservoir during 12 months. Bacterial contamination (Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms, and Fecal Streptococci) were studied after transferring the samples to laboratory. Results indicated that values of Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms, and Fecal Streptococci were varied between 2.33 ± 1.20 and 1166.67 ± 33.33, 0.0 and 30.33 ± 6.74 and 0.0 ± 16.67 ± 6.33 MPN/100 ml respectively during over all the year. These values were in the allowed range according to the drinking water and recreation standards of Iran.

Reservoirs serve as fishing and domestic water resources for the people living around the catchment area. However, natural activities threaten the water quality, therefore, constant and proper monitoring of the reservoir is necessary. This study aimed to examine seasonal variation in water quality parameters of Kubanni reservoir, Zaria, Nigeria.

Water quality data of Kubanni reservoir, Zaria, Nigeria, for 7 years (January 2014 to December 2020) were collected and analyzed to understand the seasonal variation. Ten water quality parameters including pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), chloride (Cl-), total Iron, nitrate (NO3-), and manganese (Mn) were analyzed. The data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to select the probability distribution which provides the best fit by EasyFit software. The functions included Weibull, Exponential, Fréchet, Gamma, Lognormal, and Normal. Seasonal variation was determined using Spearman’s rank-order correlation.

The results showed that pH, EC, temperature, TDS and NO3- approach the Weibull distribution. Turbidity and total Iron approach the Fréchet distribution. Mn approaches the normal distribution, while DO and Cl- approach the Gamma distribution. The output of non-parametric Spearman’s correlation coefficient and Spearman’s statistical criterion indicates a significant difference at 5% significance level between the pH and total Iron values recorded in both seasons. This suggests that season has an effect on the concentration of pH and total Iron.

Out of the 10 parameters examined, pH and total Iron are climatologically influenced.

 Despite the role of hot weather and activity at high temperatures in physical and environmental stress influencing the occurrence or recurrence of heart disease, the role of seasonal variations in temperature in this disease has not been well studied.

 This study aimed to investigate the relation of seasonal variations in temperature to the number of patients with ischemic heart disease and heart failure (HF).

 We extracted data, including file number, diagnosis, age, gender, hospitalization date, and discharge date, from the medical files of patients admitted to a referral center of heart diseases in a tropical region from 2013 to 2015.

 Diagnosed and studied patients (n = 4,041) were as follows: 625 (patients with HF), 2410 (patients with unstable angina), and 1006 (patients with myocardial infarction). A total of 57% of patients were male, and 43% were female. The average number of patients per day (P/d) in the cold season was higher than in other seasons (5.89 versus 5.53 in the moderate season and 5.18 during the warm season). The mean length of hospitalization for patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and HF in the cold season was longer than in other seasons, and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.035 and 0.021, respectively).

 All hospitalizations occurring with these diagnoses in cold seasons are longer, increasing the burden on the health care system. There are considerable seasonal variations in HF hospitalization and mortality. Immunization against pneumococcus and influenza and also more care are recommended in HF patients. There is a need for a season-based approach for better handling of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

It seems that the incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has seasonal trends depending on weather as well as environmental and demographic factors such as upper respiratory tract infection (URI). The aim of this study was to evaluate seasonality of GBS and its electrophysiological subtypes.

In this cross-sectional study, the records of all admitted patients to all wards of Dr. Shariati Hospital from March 2009 to March 2019 according to ICD-10 codes for GBS and other similar neuropathies were investigated and 87 patients were registered based on fulfillment of Brighton criteria and symptom onset during the recent 4 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed by IBM SPSS version 20. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Most of the patients (63.2%, n=55) were men. The mean age of them was 49.1±19.2 years, and 41.3% (n=36) and 10.3% (n=9) participants had recent URI and gastrointestinal infection, respectively. The frequency of GBS in different seasons was 35.6% (n=31) patients in the winter, 27.6% (n=24) in the autumn, 19.6% (n=17) in the spring, and 17.2% (n=15) in the summer. The most frequent electrophysiological subtype was acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) in all seasons. The most common GBS disability score was 1.

The highest and the lowest occurrence was seen in the winter and summer, respectively. AIDP was the most common electrophysiological subtype in all seasons. More studies are suggested to evaluate other aspects of GBS on more details.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Determining seasonal pattern of AMI may contribute to disease prevention and better treatment. 

The present study was conducted to investigate daily, monthly, and seasonal pattern for symptoms҆ onset in the patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and also other possible associated factors. 

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 777 patients diagnosed with STEMI admitted at the Imam Ali Cardiovascular Hospital affiliated with Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah province, Iran from March 2018 to February 2019. Data were collected using a checklist developed based on the study's objectives. Differences between subgroups were assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukeys҆ post‐hoc test and Chi-Square test (or Fishers҆ exact test). 

Out of 777 patients, 616 (79.3%) of them were male. Mean age of the patients was (mean±SD) equal to 60.93±12.86 years old. Occurrence of STEMI was most common in winter (38.4%), followed by autumn (27.8%), spring (22.9%), and summer (10.9%), respectively. Monthly occurrence of AMI was at the highest level in January (10.8%) and December (9.9%), and it was at the lowest level in July (4.9 %). Most patients were admitted on Fridays (15.8%) and Wednesdays (15.6%). Hypercholesterolemia, prior congestive heart failure (CHF), prior MI, prior stroke, prior atrial fibrillation (AF), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, total cholesterol, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) were significantly associated with seasonal pattern of STEMI (p-value<0.05). 

Results of the present study on Iranian patients with STEMI revealed that AMI occurred more frequently on Wednesdays and Fridays and during winter from December to January compared to the other days of the week, months, and seasons.

There is conflicting evidence regarding the impact of season on the assisted reproductive technology outcome.

To retrospectively compare three-year outcome of women undergoing their first intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle, across seasons.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 3,670 women who underwent their first intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle in Mehr Medical Institute, Rasht, Iran between April 2010 and May 2014 were studied. Women were divided into four groups according to the day of oocyte retrival as: spring (n = 808), summer (n = 994), autumn (n = 1066), and winter (n = 802). Basal and stimulation charecteristics were compared among groups.

While sperm concentration and motility were significantly lower during summer, the total number of retrieved and metaphase II oocytes were significantly higher (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001, p = 0.004, p = 0.02, respectively). Fertilization rate were significantly higher during autumn (p = 0.0001). Also, the number of high- quality transferred embryos were significantly higher during summer and winter (p = 0.03). A similar pattern was observed in implantation rate and pregnancy over the four seasons

Despite the fact that intracytoplasmic sperm injection minimize the seasonal effect on pregnancy outcome, changes in pregnancy rate still occur among different seasons without particular pattern. It seems that performing assisted reproductive technology procedures in a particular season should be considered as an effective factor.

In the present study, we aimed to compare the number of brain stroke cases presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) of a major referral hospital in Tehran during summer and winter.

A cross-sectional retrospective hospital-based study was carried out in 2016 - 2017 in Tehran, Iran. The study population consisted of all patients admitted with a diagnosis of brain stroke. The data of all patients were extracted from their medical profiles and analyzed via SPSS V.16 software using descriptive statistics (mean and percentage).

In this study, we enrolled 179 patients with a mean age of 68.0 ± 14.5 years (62.0% males). The rate of brain stroke was 63% in summer, and 37% in winter (62% vs. 38%; P = 0.014), and this difference did not correlate with sex or age of the patients (P > 0.05).

Comparing the prevalence of brain stroke in summer and winter in this study showed that the frequency of brain stroke was significantly higher in the three months of summer (warm season) than winter (cold season).

Fungi spores are virtually everywhere and can be seen under any circumstances. Aerobiologic studies have shown that Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Alternaria, and Fusarium from Ascomycetes are the most common fungi spores in the ambient air. These fungi are a cause of allergic and infectious respiratory diseases.

 The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dust storms on fungi spore’s diversity in hot and cold seasons in Ahvaz, Iran.

 In this cross-sectional study, three areas of Ahvaz were selected. The study took place during the summer and autumn of 2017. Ninety-three samples from the ambient air were taken by Quick take pump with 28.3 (L/min) flow rate in 3 minutes. Sampling was carried out on Potato Dextrose Agar based on Anderson method.

 The means of most isolated fungi spores in the summer were as follows: Cladosporium 239, Aspergillus flavus 88, Penicillium 82 and Aspergillus niger 58 CFU/m3. In the autumn season, the mean of most isolated fungi spores was as follows: Cladosporium 1,733, Penicillium 82, Aspergillus niger 55 and Ustilago 32 CFU/m3. Moreover, the mean of most isolated fungi spores in normal air days was: Cladosporium 440, Penicillium 97, and Aspergillus flavus 68 CFU/m3 and in dusty air days, they were: Cladosporium 2,277, Aspergillus niger 74, and Penicillium 49 CFU/m3.

 The results of this study showed that Ahvaz ambient air contains diverse fungi spores, and there was a significant difference between normal and dusty days in terms of the mean value of fungi spores. Also, a significant difference was found between the mean value of fungi spores in hot and cold seasons.
 

Appendectomy is one of the most performed surgeries worldwide. There are lots of factors involved in the incidence of appendicitis, and most of them vary among populations. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological aspects of appendicitis in Birjand, Iran, for the first time.

This prospective study included 666 cases out of 673 acute appendicitis patients treated surgically in Imam Reza Hospital in Birjand, Iran, from May 2017 to 2019. The data were analyzed regarding gender, age groups, and season in SPSS software (version. 22) using a t-test and the Chi-square test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The annual incidence of acute appendicitis in Birjand was 12.74 per 10.000 population with the mean age of 25.43±14.97 years. The highest frequency of appendectomy was observed in 11-20-year-old groups (32.1%) and then in 21-30-year-old groups (27.3%). The frequency of the appendectomy was higher in males than females (P=0.005), and the peak of the surgeries was in the summer. Moreover, the majority of the admitted patients in the summer were male (n=123), whereas the frequency of female patients in the autumn was higher than that of males (n=81). The most frequent pathological diagnosis in both genders was acute gangrenous appendicitis (i.e., 44% in females and 40% in the male). Furthermore, the incidence rates of advanced stages of appendicitis, such as "acute supportive appendicitis and periappendicitis" and "acute supportive appendicitis and priappendicitis with perforation" were significantly higher in male than female (P<0.05).

The findings of this study provide basic epidemiological information for the first time regarding appendicitis status in Birjand, Iran. Since the appendicitis was more frequent among youth and was more complicated in males, it is essential to inform these target groups about the signs and symptoms of this medical emergency.

Consumers may be contaminated by various food intakes as one of the most important sources of organic and inorganic pollutants associated with agriculture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and nitrate contaminations in watermelon and carrot samples and the associated risks to human health.

In this cross sectional study, 108 samples of watermelon and carrot samples were collected randomly from the supermarkets in Kashan, Iran, from October 2017 to September 2018. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and spectrophotometry were used to analyze Pb, Cd and nitrate in the collected samples, respectively.

 
The results showed that the carrot samples had the most concentrations of Pb, Cd and nitrate than those for watermelon (p<0.001). All of the samples except for some watermelons and carrots had lower contaminants than the permissible standard limits. The results of the target hazard quotient (THQ) and total THQ for the compounds were within the safe range (<1) and were not detected at harmful levels. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) of Pb and Cd were in the safe and unsafe range, respectively. However, the total cancer risk was higher than the standard level and was; therefore, unsafe to the consumers.

The study showed that the concentrations of the compounds in carrot and watermelon may potentially be hazardous to the health of Iranian consumers.

Regarding the association between climate, seasons and myocardial infarction, a cross-sectional study was carried out in Shiraz and Bandar Abbas in Iran.
All patients with diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction living in Shiraz and Bandar Abbas were included in the study during 2011-2013. Demographic data were extracted from the patients’ hospital records. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, student’s t-test, and Chi-square test with SPSS software.
A total of 2626 patients were admitted with acute myocardial infarction of which 1546 were from Shiraz and 1080 from Bandar Abbas. Admission rate due to myocardial infarction was 0.12 in Shiraz and 0.24 in Bandar Abbas. In Shiraz, 35.2% were female and 34% in Bandar Abbas, Mean age of female patients was 65.68 years in Shiraz and 62.46 in Bandar Abbas while mean age of male patients in Shiraz was 60.39 years and 57.22 years in Bandar Abbas. Difference of admissions in 4 seasons was statistically significant in Shiraz, but not significant in Bandar Abbas (P>0.05). Seasonal variation of myocardial infarction had no correlation with gender or age of the patients.
Incidence of myocardial infarction in Shiraz was half of the incidence rate in Bandar Abbas. In summer of low altitude humid areas, extra healthcare should be provided to high risk patients with coronary artery diseases, whereas this caution should be taken in high altitude areas with cold winter to minimize incident of myocardial infarction.

Changes in the trend of births among women have been studied worldwide with indications of peaks and troughs over a specified period. Periodic variations in the number of births among women are unknown at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH). This study sought to model and predicts monthly number of births at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G), KBTH.
Methods & Materials: Box-Jenkins time series model approach was applied to an 11-year data from the Department of (O&G), KBTH on the number of births from January, 2004 to December, 2014. Box-Jenkins approach was put forward as autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. Several possible models were formulated, and the best model, which has the smallest Akaike information criterion corrected (AICc) was selected. The best model was then used for future predictions on the expected monthly number of births for the year 2015. Analysis was performed in R statistical software (version 3.0.3).
Seasonal ARIMA (2,1,1) × (1,0,1)12 was selected as the best model because it had the smallest AICc. Furthermore, the forecasted values showed that the expected number of births were lowest in January (750 births) and highest in May (970 births) for the year 2015.
Seasonal ARIMA (2,1,1) × (1,0,1)12 was identified as the model that best describes monthly expected births and its use to forecast the expected number of births at the KBTH in Ghana will facilitate formulation of health policies and planning for safe maternal delivery and prudent use of hospital obstetric services and facilities.

Vitamin D has been suggested to play a considerable role in the function of the immune system in various infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune conditions. Otitis media with effusion (OME), defined as the presence of non-purulent fluid within the middle ear without signs or symptoms of suppurative otitis media, has a number of inflammatory predisposing factors. This study was designed to explore the association between vitamin D deficiency and OME.
In this cross-sectional study, 74 children aged 2–7 years with an obstructive indication for adenotonsillectomy were included. Patients were divided into two groups based on the need for ventilation tube insertion for OME. Thirty-two children were enrolled in the OME group and 42 in the control group. The mean vitamin D level was compared between the two groups.
Mean vitamin D concentration in all patients was 11.96±5.85 ng/ml (9.79±4.36 ng/ml in the OME group and 13.61±6.33 ng/ml in the control group; P=0.003). There was also a significant difference in levels of vitamin D in patients referred in winter (9.0±2.94 ng/ml) compared with the summer (19.85±4.21 ng/ml; P=0.001). Data analyzed based on the season in which the patients were referred showed no significant difference between the OME and the control group.
Although our results showed lower serum levels of vitamin D in OME patients, the difference was not significant when seasons were taken into consideration. Therefore, the season is an important confounding factor in any research related to vitamin D due to the effect of sun-induced vitamin D.

Glucose, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL-c), triglyceride, and high density lipoprotein (HDL-c) are the related biochemical factors to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to assess the seasonal changes in serum levels of these factors in healthy individuals.

In the present applied study, demographic information and written informed consent forms were completed for all the individuals referring to laboratory of Mustafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam, Iran during 2014-2015. Then, glucose, cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, and triglyceride levels in the subjects were measured. After all, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software and analyzed using Chi-square test and ANOVA. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

The results showed a significant increase in serum glucose and triglyceride levels in fall and winter compared to spring and summer (P<0.001). A significant increase was also observed in serum glucose level in winter compared to fall (P<0.001). On the other hand, serum HDL-c level significantly decreased in fall and winter in comparison to spring and summer (P<0.001). This biochemical factor also showed a significant decrease in winter compared to fall (P<0.001).

Identification of proper seasonal patterns can play a role in preparedness of transfer centers as well as emergency and treatment centers for sudden increase in the number of patients. It is also of great importance in providing the necessary facilities for treatment of such patients.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease leading to formation of brain lesions that could produce numerous devastating clinical problems. There are controversial reports related to the type of association of MS with the seasons of birth. This study aimed to rank and describe the effect of different months and days of birth on MS.Patients and The study was conducted in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. A total of 1484 patients with MS were included: 1111 females and 373 males. Demographic and clinical data were recorded in a database and were analyzed using SPSS. The population of females with MS had surpassed that of males (75% vs. 25%). The mean age of patients was 34.7 years (range from 7 to 88 years) with 85% of population being younger than 50 years old. The season of birth was winter in 21% of patients. There was a decreased risk of MS in those born in February and March. The prevalence of MS increased from April and reached a peak in May and September. Day of birth was associated with the birthday on 19th day of month in 44% of patients. This investigation supports earlier reports of increased and diminished prevalence of MS in those born in the spring and winter months, respectively. Pharmacotherapy using vitamin D might have beneficial effect in Iranian population, especially in females during pregnancy and their newborns. Therefore, further clinical researches focused on prescription of vitamin D, genetic, daily photoperiod, and geo-epidemiologic differences of disease are recommended.

Suicide is committed by a person himself or herself and whether conscious or semiconscious it is aimed to end one`s life. This action is not committed inadvertently or incongruously. However, it could be related to one`s unmet needs and feelings of despair. Studies on the prevalence of suicide are related to environmental and seasonal circumstances. As there are diverse populations in Bandar Abbas of different races due to its geographical position, and as its weather condition is different from the other parts of country there is no study with this regard. Hence, the aim of this research is to investigate the correlations between and among demographical variables and suicide in different seasons of the year.

This study is a cross‑sectional one. Participants included 80 persons who had attempted suicide and were hospitalized within 2011 in the Ebnesina Hospital of Bandar Abases, Iran. The variables under investigation are the suicidal patients` demographic characteristics, where, when, and how the person had committed suicide. All of these data were available in their profiles. These data were analyzed by using the SSPS software.

The results showed that 45% of the suicidal people were the young and adolescent. Also, 75.5% of these people were single and 22.5% of them were married. Most suicides occurred in summer, which makes up 41.3% of all the suicidal people. On the other hand 11.3% of the suicides were committed successfully and 88.7% of them had been unsuccessful; 42.5% of suicidal people had used drugs and 38.8% of them had used pesticides to commit suicide — 78.8% of these patients had psychotic disorders and 12.5% of them suffered from mental disorders such as schizophrenia. Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between seasons in which suicide was committed, marital status, age, mental illness, and educational and occupational characteristics of suicidal patients.

This study showed that the most vulnerable people committing suicide were from among the young and adolescent. Singles had attempted suicide more than the married. Most of suicide attempters had used drugs to commit suicide. Generally, in the current study, some variables including season, marital status, age, history of mental illnesses, and educational and occupational variables were all associated with committing suicide.

Context: Nutritionis the process of food procurement and supply. The current study aimed to evaluate the viewpoints of Iranian Islamic traditional physicians about nutrition in different seasons, to obtain healthy and native nutritional methods. Iranian traditional medicine, relying on thousands of years of scientific and practical experiences, has specific nutritional viewpoints which are not uselessto create a healthy society..Evidence Acquisitions: The current study was a library research which was conducted by evaluation of thetraditional medicine books, such as Canon in medicine, Al-havy, Exir Al-azam, Kholasat Al-hikmat, Alwah Al-seha by kharazmshahi, Jame Al-sharhain, Tohfat Al-sadiah, and Mofarrah Al-ghloub.. Style of nutrition is determined according to seasonal temperature, humidity, and dryness, temper of foods, and also digestive power and temperament of individuals; through these factors health is provided and the role of food basket in providing health is determined.. By evaluation, analysis and comparison the viewpoints of Iranian traditional medicine physicians, principles and regulations can be codified, and contemporary nutritional methodswill be achievable. It is also possible to make nutritional knowledge of Iranian traditional medicine more comprehensive and applicable..