جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « social trust » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Social trust is considered as one of the key elements in achieving sustainable and comprehensive development in societies. Several factors can be involved in the realization of this concept. The aim of this study was to determine the moderating role of gender in the relationship between religiosity and social trust in students.

This is a descriptive-correlational study. Participants included students of Payame Noor University of Semnan Province, out of whom 384 (200 females and 184 males) were selected using relative stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the Religiosity Measure Questionnaire (Glock & Stark) and Social Trust Questionnaire (Alizadeh Aghdam and Mohammadi). Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis test were used to analyze the data. In the present study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

The mean (and SD) scores related to students' religiosity and social trust were 199.61 (±12.12) and 119.39 (±10.71), respectively. According to Pearson correlation coefficient, the relationship between the total score of religiosity and its dimensions with social trust in students was statistically positive and significant (P<0.001 & R=0.597). The average dimensions of religiosity and social trust in female students were significantly higher than those of male students. The results showed that religiosity and each of its dimensions including rituals, beliefs, emotions and consequences among students positively and significantly predicted social trust. The moderating role of gender in the relationship between religiosity and social trust in participants was also confirmed; this means that the effect of religiosity on students' social trust was different in the two groups of girls and boys.

According to the research findings, social trust in students is most affected by the ritual component of the variable religiosity. These findings confirm the implications of functionalist theories about the positive effect of religiosity on social health.

Physical and mental disorders are abundantly observed in veterans and disabled people, and in addition to causing concern, they have very adverse effects on various aspects of their lives. Considering that physical and mental health can play an important role in the general health of veterans and disabled people, it is vital to address these aspects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to predict social trust, self-control, and self-efficacy based on the level of physical activity in veterans and disabled people.

The method of the study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population was composed of veterans and disabled people of Yazd province. One hundred and nine people (62 veterans and 47 disabled) were selected as a statistical sample using the convenient method. Sharkey's physical activity (1997), Tanji's self-control (2004), Safarinia and Sharif's social trust (2009), and Sherer et al.'s self-efficacy (1982) scales were used to examine the research variables. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient to determine the relationship between variables and simple linear regression to predict variables.

The findings showed that physical activity level scores can significantly predict self-control (r=0.39) and social trust (r=0.31) variables in veterans and disabled people (P<0.01). However, due to the low correlation with the self-efficacy variable (r=0.14), the level of physical activity does not have the ability to predict this variable (P=0.19) significantly.

According to the results, it is suggested that appropriate planning should be considered for the participation of veterans and disabled people in regular physical activities to increase self-control and social trust and consequently increase life quality.

Social capital is a very important factor in the occurrence and prevention of crime that can help us explain crime and criminal behavior, but social capital does not necessarily lead to positive results and can lead to criminal groups. To negative results. The purpose of this article is to investigate the negative consequences of social capital on delinquency in criminal groups according to criminological theories in the three crimes of murder, robbery and drugs in the city of Karaj, so it is practical.

Descriptive and causal-comparative and data collection tools were documents and a researcher-made questionnaire. The investigation community found the convicts convicted of robbery, murder, and drugs in the Karaj penitentiary and ordinary people in 1397. For this purpose, 200 people were randomly selected as a statistical sample. Two methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.

Ethical Considerations:

 From the beginning of this article, we have adhered to the principle of fidelity, lack of scientific bias and the principle of honesty.

The findings showed that although in general the increase in public social capital leads to a decrease in crime, but an increase in social capital in the group of criminals (robbery) compared to ordinary people can not lead to a decrease in crime and this has negative consequences. Social capital is a group.

The higher the social capital in the society, the lower the crime rate, but the increase of the same capital between criminal networks and neighborhoods with high crime rate can lead to aggravation of crime, so that the causal relationship between the two It may flow in both directions, ie it is effective both in reducing social capital and in creating social crimes. Therefore, the results showed that increasing social capital in criminal groups (robbery) based on the two components of trust and Social support, which is one of the characteristics of measuring social capital in this study, has a negative effect on delinquency, although increasing social capital in the normal group leads to reducing delinquency.

The main purpose of this study was to identify the "relationship between social capital and resilience among medical staff (physicians, nurses and social workers)."

The research method was descriptive and explanatory. The statistical population of the present study included all physicians, nurses and social workers in hospitals of Ahvaz, Mazandaran, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Tehran, Kerman and Tabriz. The sampling method is simple stratified and random. A total of 413 public and private hospitals in the cities of Ahvaz, Mazandaran, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Tehran, Kerman and Tabriz, two (2) hospitals in each city were selected and selected hospitals in these cities were surveyed. In 14 selected hospitals of the mentioned cities, 384 physicians, nurses and social workers were studied by simple random sampling.

The findings showed that the correlation coefficient of social support was 0.367 and the level of significance was 0.000, the correlation coefficient of social trust was 0.306 and the level of significance was 0.000, the correlation coefficient of participation was 0.000. Social and significance level of the test in the whole sample is equal to 0.401 and 0.000, the value of social cohesion correlation coefficient and the significant level of the test in the whole sample is equal to 0.305 and 0.000. Considering the positive value of the correlation coefficient, it can be said that there is a positive correlation between the variables of social capital and resilience and the relationship between the variables is direct.

Among other research results, the mean of social capital variable was the highest level of social capital in Tehran and the lowest level of social capital in Tabriz. The mean of resilience variable was the highest level of resilience in Kerman and the lowest level of resilience in Ahvaz.

Due to the nature of their profession, the medical and nursing profession is exhausting and has many stresses and challenges, so that it affects the quality of life of physicians and nurses. so; It is important for community leaders to maintain and promote their resilience.

The present study was a model for shaping the social trust model of high school students. The present study was applied (qualitative-quantitative) of consecutive exploratory type in terms of purpose of application type, depending on the type of data. The method of the present study was qualitative content analysis and quantitative survey. The sample size in the qualitative part of the participants in the interview were 14 experts, experts and specialists in the field of education who were purposefully selected and interviewed semi-structured. Also, a small part of the statistical population included the principals and deputies of secondary schools in Tehran, which numbered 380 people. Data collection tools in the qualitative part of the interview were semi-structured and in the quantitative part of the questionnaire including social trust of the interview results and the theoretical foundations of the research background were designed based on the 5-point Likert scale. To analyze the research data, exploratory factor analysis method and structural model were performed using AMOS software. Findings of this study include that in shaping students' social trust, factors such as positivity, social discipline, respect, social commitment, social participation, flexibility, social support, perfectionism, emotional stability, self-efficacy, self-confidence, work discipline, perseverance, kindness and Humility was identified and confirmed in quantitative terms based on inferential statistical analysis. Therefore, in order for the formation of students' social trust in schools to grow and develop, all the factors raised in schools must be developed in a coordinated manner.

The human mental health is a multidimensional and complex issue affected by a wide range of biological, psychological, sociological, economic and cultural factors. Considering the social nature of human life, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between some social variables, e.g., social support, social bond, social trust and social status, and teachers’ mental health.

This study was a cross-sectional quantitative survey using a questionnaire to collect. The sample included 373 primary school teachers (first and second grades) in Najafabad, Isfahan, Iran selected in 2020 by multi-stage random sampling.  Data were analyzed using the structural equation modelling technic, with the SPSS-25 and Amos-23 software.

The confirmatory factor analysis of the items showed that they could explain 63.25% of the variance of the teacherschr('39') mental health variable, the social support, social status and social trust variables affecting it (0.65, 0.45 and 0.18, respectively), with a confidence interval of 99% and p<0.001. On the whole, the independent variables could explain 76% of the variance of the teachers’ mental health. In addition, moderation analysis showed that in general gender moderates the effects of social variables on the teachers’ mental health, the female gender having stronger effects in these relationships.

The results of this study show that primary school teacherschr('39') mental health, which is an individual/private phenomenon, is greatly affected by their quality of social life, some factors such as social support, social status and social trust potentially influencing it. Moreover, this effect is much more pronounced among women than men.

This study studies the relationship between television use and social trust. We have considered trust in three types: interpersonal trust, general and institutional trust.

The research method used in this research is survey method that research data was collected using a questionnaire in the field. Also, 383 samples were selected and operated by systematic cluster sampling.

The results show that there is a significant relationship between the use of domestic television and general trust and institutional trust. Also, the use of entertainment programs significantly affects all types of trust, foreign news programs affect the level of institutional trust. There is a significant relationship between the level of domestic TV usage, the variables of generalization interface and evaluation of the environment. The use of domestic TV news programs significantly affects the evaluation of officials and the sense of social security.

In general, it can be said that the results of regression analysis show that the total effect of independent and intermediate variables in the research, namely the variables: domestic TV, foreign TV, environmental assessment, sense of security, social commitment, universalism and evaluation Of the officials on social trust in the general sense is equal to ( (0.168 + 0.287 + 0.091) =  0.546 coefficients for determining independent variables on social trust) is 0.546 percent, which indicates this The independent and intermediate variables in this study explain more than half of the changes in the dependent variable, ie social trust.

Understanding the multifactorial nature of health has shifted the traditional narrow focus on women's reproductive health to an acknowledgment of the influence of socioeconomic and cultural characteristics on their health status. The changing roles of women have also affected their health status. Social support refers to the emotionally sustaining qualities of relationships. In addition to social support, social trust is considered a key element of social capital and has received great attention, particularly in the area of public health. Family life is associated with multiple tensions and pressures for female–headed households. Thus, these women encounter numerous psycho–socio–economic problems that adversely impact their health. Women play a major role in family and community health; thus, it is essential to examine women's health in the community. Accordingly, this study aimed to develop a social health model based on social support and social trust in female–headed households.

The present correlational study employed a structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all female–headed households in Rasht City, Iran, in 2019. Based on the ratio of the number of participants to the observed variables, the sample size was estimated as 380 individuals. To select the research sample, the city of Rasht was clustered based on different areas of the municipality. After randomly selecting 4 of the 5 districts, 2 neighborhood houses were randomly selected. Finally, considering the odds of sample dropout, 380 eligible individuals entered the study. Accordingly, after sample dropout, their number reached 358. The inclusion criteria of the research included female–headed households, no chronic physical illnesses, and substance dependence, and not receiving pharmacotherapy for chronic and specific physical or mental illnesses in the past 6 months. The exclusion criteria of the study were the violations of any of the inclusion criteria; all of which were assessed using a researcher–made demographic questionnaire answered on a yes/no scale. The Social Wellbeing Questionnaire–Short Form (Keyes, 1998), Family Social Support Questionnaire (Khodapanahi et al., 2009), and Social Trust Questionnaire (Saffarinia & Sharif, 2014) were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, were used to analyze the obtained data. Structural equation modeling and Pearson correlation coefficient were also applied in AMOS and SPSS to analyze the collected data. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

The path coefficient between social support and social trust (β=0.351, p=0.001), the path coefficient between social trust and social health (β=0.324, p=0.001), and the coefficient of the direct path between social support and social health (β=0.460, p=0.001) were positive and significant. Additionally, the total path coefficient between social support and social health was positive and significant (β=0.574, p=0.001). Finally, the indirect path coefficient between social support and social health with the mediating role of social trust was positive and significant (β=0.114, p=0.012). The present study results suggested that the hypothesized model had fitness with the collected data (χ2/df=3.31, CFI=0.934, GFI=0.912, AGFI=0.875, RMSEA=0.081).

According to the obtained findings, social trust mediates the relationship between social support and social health among female–headed households. Therefore, the role of social support and social trust in the health of women heads of households should be considered.

Nowadays, social trust, which has a great role in the development and health of societies, is considered one of the most important aspects of social capital and human communications. Therefore, this study aims to compare the patients' social trust (before and after hospitalization) toward the medical staff of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad hospitals.

A total of 400 patients admitted to Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad hospitals were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling and evaluated by a researcher-made questionnaire of social trust. The study includes patients who were (according to the decision of the treatment staff) hospitalized for at least one day and then were discharged.

The patients' trust toward nurses and operating room personnel is not significantly different before and after hospitalization (P> 0.05). However, patients' trust toward physicians before and after hospitalization is significantly different (P <0.05), with an increase of 0.27 percent in patients' trust toward physicians after hospitalization. It was also shown that patients' trust toward admission personnel has a significant difference before and after hospitalization (P <0.05), with a decrease of about 0.24 percent in patients' trust toward admission personnel after hospitalization.

Considering the decrease in patients' trust toward the operating room personnel and admission staff after the treatment process, it is expected that some measures be taken to increase the patients' trust toward this group.

Trust among people is an essential characteristic of every society. Eric Erickson, the famous psychologist, believes that trust is a fundamental basis for any personal relationship. Social trust is one of the indicators of social capital and is a new concept that has been introduced in the socioeconomic studies of developed societies. Investigating social trust in the partially–sighted and blind individuals, especially the elderly, is crucial but has received little attention. Sport and physical activity could contribute to individuals’ interaction in a social setting; a sports environment has more capacity than other environments in this respect. Researchers have reported that performing a regular sports activity is a factor for preventing and delaying, or even treating problems associated with aging. It has also been argued that sports and physical activity could increase social development in individuals. Besides, sports could provide a desirable basis for developing social trust in the blind and partially–sighted elderly. The present study compared social trust in blind and partially–sighted athletes and non–athlete elderly.

This was a causal–comparative study, and the convenience sampling method was used for selecting the study participants. The statistical population consisted of all athletes and non–athlete blind and partially–sighted elderly, referring to the Blind Society of Arak City, Iran, in 2018. The statistical sample included 101 blind and partially–sighted elderly (43 athletes and 58 non–athletes). All of the study participants provided consent to attend the present study and aged >55 years. The research instrument was the Social Trust Questionnaire (Safariannia and Sharif, 2010). This questionnaire has 25 questions, and 5 subscales, including the behavior–based trust, cooperative tendencies, preciseness, honesty, and confidence. The validity and reliability of this questionnaire have been approved by Safarinia and Nasim Sharif (2010). The questionnaire’s validity was confirmed by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the questionnaire based on Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient for the dimensions of trust–based behavior, cooperative tendencies, preciseness, honesty, and confidence was measured as 0.97, 0.97, 0.96, 0.96, and 0.96, respectively. Moreover, Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient for the total reliability of the questionnaire was obtained as 0.95. The questionnaire was provided to the study participants and completed by the interview. The collected data were analyzed using One–Sample t–test and Independent Samples t–test in SPSS. 

The obtained results indicated that the social trust status was moderate in all studied blind and partially–sighted elderly. The average sample in athletes and non–athletes was significantly lower than the theoretical mean of society (p=0.001). The achieved results revealed no significant difference between the dimensions of social trust and total social trust in the blind and partially–sighted elderly athletes and non–athletes. However, the comparison of mean scores suggested that in all dimensions, athletes obtained higher scores than the non–athletes.

The status of social trust was unfavorable among the partially–sighted and blind elderly sample of the present study. However, there was no significant difference between the total social trust score and its dimensions scores among the studied athletes and non–athletes. However, observing average scores indicated that athletes had a higher mean score than the non–athletes. These achieved results highlighted the role of sport and physical activity in improving social interactions and enhancing social trust. The attained results revealed that the consideration of the social trust in blind and partially–sighted elderly populations requires further attention. Sports and physical activity, especially group activities, may significantly increase the social trust in this group.

Trust is one of fundamental preconditions for economic, social, cultural, and political development of any society. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and social and family support with social trust in prisoners.

310 prisoners in Sepidar prison were enrolled in this study. Bar-on Emotional quotient inventory, Mary procidano and Kenneth heller’s social support questionnaire and Sharif & Safarinia social trust questionnaire were administered to collect data. Multistage regression and correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data.

There was a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and social and family support with social trust (P<0/01, r=0/29, 0/17). Social and family support could predict 8 percent of the variance of social trust. In addition, coping with stress, adaptation, and interpersonal skills could predict 7 percent of the variance of social trust.

Social trust can be upgraded by enhancing emotional intelligence and social and family support in prisoners.

The basis of a cooperative company is based on the participation of members in the cooperative affairs office, and this partnership is affected by several factors, including social factors. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the social factors affecting the participatory action of members of production cooperatives in the city of Lorestan.

This research was conducted in a survey method and an applied research objective. The statistical population of the study was composed of members of active productive cooperatives of Lorestan province in 2017 and five-hundred-ninety-one of them were selected as samples based on Cochran formula. The research instrument was a questionnaire which face validity was determined by reviewing the views of fifteen members of the studied cooperatives outside the original sample, and the validity and reliability of the content of the research tool was determined by reviewing the views of three members of the university faculty and eight experts from the cooperative sector and the content validity ratio (CVR), 0.85, Cronbach's alpha of 0.73 was obtained. Data analysis and descriptive statistics were used in descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS and AMOS software.

The results of the regression test of the research variables and the analysis of the structural equations of the research model indicate that there is a direct and significant relationship between the independent variables of research social trust, social cohesion, accountability, shared beliefs of members and dependent variables participatory action of members in production cooperatives.

Regarding the results of regression test and analysis of structural equations that indicate a meaningful relationship between independent variables of research and dependent variable, and the direct correlation between these variables, it can be stated, with increasing the level of each studied social factors, the level of participation of members of the production cooperatives  also increases.

Objective Empowerment is a process that helps the physically-handicapped people to break the poverty loop, achieve self-reliance and self-sufficiency, and join the mainstream of life. This study aimed to investigate the empowerment (sense of meaningfulness, effectiveness, autonomy, self-efficacy and sense of security, and their related factors) of the physically-handicapped people (motor, visceral and sensory disabilities) under the support of Welfare Organization of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province in 2015.
Materials & Methods The research method was survey-based; a type of cross-sectional and analytical method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire (including four demographic questions (level of education, gender, disability type, and age) and 46 research-specific questions (10 questions about social trust, 9 questions about social participation, 8 questions about sports activity, 4 questions about sympathy behaviors and 15 questions about empowerment of people with disabilities) with 5-point rating Likert-type scale. The statistical population comprised all the physically-handicapped people (motor, visceral, and sensory disabilities) who were under the support of Welfare Organization of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. They comprised about 10189 people in each city. A total of 370 subjects were selected as a sample using Kokaran formula and then randomized sampling was used between eight cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province. Therefore, in the first stage, 8 cities were selected. In the second stage, the physically-handicapped people of each city were selected with the help of the welfare organization of the city. In the third stage, a group of physically-handicapped people was randomly selected. In the final stage, they were visited personally. In this study, the validity of the questionnaire was tested through content validity, i.e. by referring to common sense, expert judges, books and related subjects. In other words, a completed questionnaire was delivered to counsellor professor and 10 experts and professors in the field of Methodology, Psychology, and Sociology. Then, their comments and views about indices, reagents and research subjects were taken and the final questionnaire was compiled. In order to assess the reliability of the questionnaire before its final completion, 40 questionnaires were prepared and its alpha values were found using Cronbach method as 0.84 for the empowerment of the people with disabilities, 0.72 for the social trust, 0.77 for the social participation, 0.85 for the sports activity, and 0.90 for the sympathy behaviors. The data analysis was done using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient tests, variance analysis, t test for two Independent samples, multivariate regression, and path analysis) in SPSS V. 21.
Results Results of the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis indicate a significant relationship between the social trust (with three dimensions of interpersonal trust, generalized trust and institutional trust), social participation (with two dimensions of formal and informal participation) and sports activities (with two dimensions of the promotion of physical and mental health) with the empowerment of the physically-handicapped people (P<0.001). There was no relationship between the variables of age (P=0.418) and sympathy behaviors (P=0.395) with the empowerment of the physically-handicapped people. According to the results of t test in terms of the demographic characteristics of the physically-handicapped people, there was no significant difference between gender and empowerment of the physically-handicapped people (P=0.756). Based on the results of the variance analysis test in terms of the demographic characteristics of the physically-handicapped people, there was no significant difference between the type of disability and empowerment of the physically handicapped people (P=0.174). However, there is a significant difference between the education level and empowerment of the physically handicapped people (P<0.001). People with disability, who were highly educated, had higher empowerment ability. The results of regression test analysis showed that the most important variables affecting the empowerment of the physically-handicapped people were institutional trust (β=0.327), environmental trust (β=0.133), informal participation (β=0.132) and educational level (β=0.118). In addition, the variance of the empowerment of the physically-handicapped people was affected by 28% than the significant independent variables existed in the model. Among the effective variables, social participation had the highest influence on the empowerment of the physically-handicapped people and then social trust, education level and sports activities in the descending order.
Conclusion The study results indicate that four variables of age, gender, type of disability and sympathy behaviors failed to explain the changes of the empowerment of the physically-handicapped people, but four variables of social trust, social participation, sports activities and educational level could explain the changes of the empowerment of the physically-handicapped people. It is recommended that research studies about the empowerment of the physically-handicapped people should be continued in order to better understand the facilitators and barriers to the empowerment of the physically handicapped.

Health is one of the main pillars of sustainable development and an essential part of flourishing and promoting quality of life. The health of the community depends on the physical, psychological and social health of individuals and individuals in a healthy society that is being raised. On this basis, in order to be aware of the level of health of women, both in their health and in the health of the family and the community involved. In this research, it has been tried to analyze the factors affecting the social health of women.
The present study was a descriptive survey that was conducted by cluster sampling and by the standard questionnaire of Keyes and Shapiro on 380 married women aged 25-45 years old in Uremia in 1395. In order to test the hypothesis of the research, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, variance analysis, multivariate regression and spss software were used. The reliability coefficient of the standard social health questionnaire was 0.86 based on Cranach’s alpha.
research`s results showed that there is a direct and positive relationship between the level of social support of the family, religiosity and social trust of women and the social health of married women. Regarding the regression model, family social support and social trust have the greatest impact on the social health of married women. Also, the social health of women varies according to employment. But the social health of women is not different from their education.
Considering the findings of the research, family is the most important source of social support for married women in Uremia. Therefore, it is necessary to provide support in such a way that families can create a friendly and friendly atmosphere in their families by increasing their level of knowledge

Work alienation is related with negative consequences on the employees and the organization's efficiency. Persons, who experience alienation, have problems with their family, society and even themselves. Their physical and mental health is threatened. To avoid the disadvantages of the work alienation, organizations need to identify factors affecting the work alienation. The aim of this study was to identify factors affecting the work alienation in employees of East Azerbaijan province health insurance organization.
Material and This study was a descriptive cross sectional survey. The study population consisted of all employees of the East Azerbaijan health insurance organization. The sample size of the study was determined 143 people in accordance with the Cochran's sample size formula.The sample size was chosen randomly. Preliminary data were obtained by a standardized questionnaire. In order to gather the data, the Persian version of Job Alienation (Boeree, 2001), organizational justice questionnaire of Niehoff and Moorman (1993) and Minnesota’s job satisfaction (1967) questionnaires were used. Social trust, social efficacy and social satisfaction were measured by a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaires was approved and the questionnaires reliability with Cronbach’s Alpha was obtained higher than 0.70. The collected data were analyzed by statistical methods of T-test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Tests,Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis by SPSS-16 (Chicago, IL, USA).
Findings showed that the average work alienation in women was significantly higher than men (P=0.015) but not significantly different at different levels of education. Work alienation was significantly reduced by increasing age (P=0.045) and it was significantly lower in married people than singles (P= 0.018). The findings indicated significant negative impact of social satisfaction (P According to the study findings, the work alienation is a function of social satisfaction, job satisfaction, social trust, job characteristics, organizational effectiveness and social justice. In order to reduce the work alienation, it is necessary to strengthen the mentioned components between staff.

Trust and optimism are integral parts of social life. Social trust is an important aspect of human relations that underlie collaboration and cooperation among members of the society. The aim of this study was to determine the possible relationship between social trust and prosocial tendencies. In this correlational study, 370 female students of Isfahan University were selected in cluster sampling completed Prosocial Tendencies Measure Revised (PTM-R) and Social Trust Questionnaire (Safarinia & Sharif, 1389). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and regression methods. The results of this study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between social trust and prosocial tendencies (p<0/01) also there is a significant relationship between social trust and dimensions of prosocial tendencies such as public prosocial tendencies, altruistic prosocial tendencies, emotional prosocial tendencies, and compliant prosocial tendencies (p<0/01), and results of linear regression showed that social trust is a predictive factor for prosocial tendencies (β=0/558, p<0/01). According to the results reinforcement of social trust can be effective in enhancement of prosocial tendencies and improving the mental and social health.

Background and Social context that encompass individuals, are from the most important predictors of their health and well-being. This study was done with aim of surveying the relationship between social trust and psychological disorders in general population of Kermanshah, Iran. This cross-sectional study was done in 476 people of Kermanshah city, winter 2013 and multistage sampling method was applied. Study tools were demographic scale, the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and social trust questionnaires. Data analyzed by SPSS-18 using Pearson and canonical correlation tests.Times New Roman (font size: 10). Mean age of respondents was 30.33±9.72 and 57.6% of them were female. Results of Pearson correlation test showed that "trust to people" variable have had the most negative correlation with "paranoid ideation" and then "depression"subscales.Canonical correlation results showed that from predictor variables, the weight of "trust to government" subscale was equal 0.91 and have had the most relationship with first combined (latent) variable of dependent variables (psychological disorders subscales). The Willkslambda was 0.871 that means about 13% of dependent variables variance was predicted by trust variables. The social trust variable, comprised from trust to government and trust to people variables, can explain mental healthsignificantly and is related withdecrease of psychological disorders. Therapists can consider trust issue in the treatment of psychologicaldisorders examined in this study.

Altruism is a high social value and moral & social duty, so its weakness will lead to the social discipline disorders. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the study of how and why these actions occur in the society. By recognizing altruistic actions and the effective factors on its appearance, we can identify other cultural and social components and recognize moral and socio-cultural situations in the society. This research aims to identify the impact of different components of social capital on altruism in social relations in order to facilitate more altruistic aspects of development conditions as much as is necessary. In this document search study, by using secondary analysis, data was collected and analyzed from Iran University of Medical Sciences, World Health Organization, Tehran Municipality and Jihad University in form of "assessment tools and justice response in urban health" in all parishes of Tehran city on August- September 2008. About 20,670 citizens (over 18 years old) were selected and studied in this study. According to the results, people with high social capital are more altruistic than others. The results of regression due to social capital components such as social trust, formal partnership, informal partnership, social relationship, values and sense of belonging show that among social capital components only social trust, sense of belonging and informal partnership have a meaningful and positive effect on altruism. Regarding all independent variables, the components such as social trust, sense of belonging, informal partnership and education have meaningful and positive effects on altruism. The results show that social capital and its components have a significant effect on altruistic actions. Therefore, with strengthening social capital, some measures should be taken in order to develop a comprehensive and balanced personality and social system and to promote the level of society and personality system, ethical practices and more specifically altruistic actions increase.

Social capital consists of individual's communicational networks, social norms such as mutual trust and cooperation in social networks. The aim of this study was to develop a model to assess the implication of different determinants such as age, gender, occupational status, mental and physical health on social capital components to draw a correlation network for social capital determinants.

For the purpose of this study, data was used from ‘social capital' section of Urban HEART-1 survey, which included 22,500 households from all 22 districts of Tehran, who were approached in a randomized multistage cluster sampling method. Path analysis is a statistical method to test hypothetical causal models, which requires various causal (path) diagrams. To demonstrate the causal models of social capital, the hypothetical paths of various components were developed and the final model of social capital was drawn using multiple regression analyses.

Path analysis indicated that social capital components are influenced by various variables: A) Individual trust, by occupational status, marital status, and physical component of health-related quality of life; B) Cohesion and social support, by education, age, and marital status; C) Collective trust and associative relation, by family size, age and physical health. Direct effect of these variables on social capital components was more than their indirect effects (through mental health and physical health).

Social capital components are directly affected by occupational, marital, educational status, family size, physical health and duration of local residency. Planning to improve educational and occupational status, strengthening family bonds and provision of local facilities, may improve social capital.