جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « tabriz » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 Opportunistic pathogens such as Cryptosporidium, Isospora belli, Blastocystis, etc. cause various gastrointestinal and non-digestive diseases in people with HIV. These symptoms are especially severe in people with HIV who have a CD4 count of less than 200. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of parasitic infections in people living with HIV in Tabriz.

 This cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed on137 people with HIV referred to Behavioral Disease Counseling Centers in Tabriz, 2019-2021. Then, after receiving written consent, fecal samples were collected and evaluated for the detection of parasitic infections using direct methods, Ziehl-Neelsen and Trichrome Weber stain.

 A total of 137 stool samples were collected, including 93 males and 44 females. Most of them were in the age range of 20-60 years. The overall frequency of parasitic infections was 57.7% and the highest prevalence was related to Blastocystis 24.1% and Cryptosporidium 14.6%.

 Due to the relatively high prevalence of parasitic infections, especially Blastocystis and Cryptosporidium in people with HIV in Tabriz, which can endanger the health of these patients, essential interventions, including personal hygiene training to control and prevent infection with these pathogens, seem to be necessary.

The increase in antibiotic resistance of bacteria to aminoglycosides, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae, in recent years has caused concern among scientists and the World Health Organization. The aim of this study is to evaluate the rmtB and aac (6')Ib genes in clinical isolates resistant to gentamicin and amikacin antibiotics in Klebsiella pneumonia .

The current study is a descriptive-cross-sectional type, which includes 550 clinical samples from different wards of Alinasab Hospital in Tabriz. Identity of all isolates was reconfirmed using standard laboratory methods.The antibiotic resistance test for amikacin and gentamicin performed with using disc diffusion method based on CLSI standards. Also,The frequency of rmtB and aac (6') Ib genes was evaluated using the polymerase chain reaction.

In this study, 100 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from 550 clinical samples, 52% of which were women and 48% were men. The highest rate of resistance to gentamicin was observed with 34% and the highest sensitivity to amikacin was observed with 78%. Meanwhile, in the molecular results of polymerase chain reaction, 27.77% of isolates had rmtB gene and 16.66% had aac (6') Ib gene.

The results of the present study demonstrated that the increase of antibiotic resistance is a serious threat for human health. For this reason, in order to prevent the increasing prevalence of this risk, it is logical to optimize the use of antibiotics and culture in the society.

 Ensuring hamburgers' microbial safety is crucial for consumers' well-being. This study aimed to assess the microbial quality of hamburgers served in Tabriz City.

 During the months of January to March 2022, a total of 50 hamburger samples were collected from supply centers in Tabriz City. These included 25 samples of industrial hamburgers and 25 samples of traditional hamburgers, selected at random. The microbial culture method was used to determine the total bacterial count, level of Salmonella contamination, and presence of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, mold, and yeast. Chi-square and t-tests were used for statistical analysis.

 The average amount of total bacterial count, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, mold, and yeast in industrial hamburgers was 4.87±0.14, 0.31±0.21, 0.27±0.11, 0.46±0.16 (log cfu/g), respectively, and in traditional hamburgers, they were 5.90±0.16, 0.95±0.33, 1.18±0.24 and 2.75±0.28 (log cfu/g), respectively. None of the samples were infected with Salmonella. Furthermore, when it comes to unauthorized samples, the industrial hamburgers had an 8% total bacterial count and an 8% coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus count. There were no observations of contamination exceeding permitted levels with Escherichia coli, mold, or yeast. Nearly half of all traditional hamburgers (48%) had unauthorized samples with high bacterial counts, while 16% have coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus, 16% have Escherichia coli, and 28% have mold and yeast contamination. In the comparison, traditional hamburgers showed higher amounts of contamination than industrial hamburgers.

 Microbial contamination in traditional hamburger samples was more than the industrial hamburger. According to the results, regular and periodic control is recommended for the microbial quality of hamburgers consumed in Tabriz City.

Considering the fact that insufficient study has been done on the effect of malocclusion on the quality of life and confidence among Iranian children and the high prevalence of malocclusion in the Iranian population, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of malocclusion on Oral Health Related Quality of life(OHRQoL) in children aged 8-11 in Tabriz in 2020.

Five hundred children aged 8-11 participated in this study. Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used to assess the participants’ malocclusion. Furthermore, the participants answered a standardized questionnaire namely child perception questionnaire to determine their social and emotional well-being in relation to the malocclusion.   Clinical examinations were performed by the same researcher. One way Anova with LSD follow up tests under SPSS18 software for Windows 10 were utilized for analysis of data. P< 0.05 were considered significant. 

The study sample consisted of two groups of 216 boys and 284 girls. The results showed that malocclusion had a statistically significant effect on quality of life related to oral health and emotional health of children.(Pvalue<0.05).  However, malocclusion did not affect the social health of these children.(p value>0.05)

In the present study, the effect of malocclusion on Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in children aged 8-11 in Tabriz in 2020 was assessed. The results of this study showed malocclusion and its severity has a significant effect on quality of life.  It also had an effect on a person's emotional health, but no significant relationship was found between a person's social health and malocclusion.  Therefore, in general, it seems that malocclusion had a significant effect on the quality of life and emotional health of individuals, but the social health of children is not affected by malocclusion.

Determining the efficiency of kidney transplantation, the survival rate of patients after surgery, and the role of factors affecting this survival is of particular importance. The present study aimed to assess the survival rate of recipients of cadaveric-donor kidneys in the transplant unit of Imam Reza (AS) Hospital in Tabriz during the last five years.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on the recipients of cadaveric-donor kidneys. The data were collected from documents of donor patients, evaluation of blood and urine tests, and follow-up. The required examinations included height, weight, body mass index, age of recipient and donor, blood group, and RH of donor and recipient, donor-recipient kinship, duration of dialysis, year of transplantation, duration of transplantation, duration of patient survival, other drugs (aspirin, heart, hypertension, and cholesterol-lowering medications).

In the present study, the survival rates of kidney transplantation at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years were 97%, 90.9%, 79.1%, and 67%, respectively. Moreover, 1, 2, 3, and 5-year survival rates of patients were reported as 98%, 95.5%, 90.9% and 87.4%, respectively. Furthermore, gender and age of kidney donor and recipient were not significantly correlated with renal transplant survival.

Kidney transplantation is the most appropriate treatment option for end-stage renal disease patients, leading to better survival and improved quality of life.

This study was conducted to investigate the long-term temporal trends and spatial variations of ambient PM10, PM2.5, O3, concentrations in Tabriz city during the years 2006-2017.

Real-time hourly concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, O3 measured at nine air quality monitoring stations (AQMSs) were obtained from the Tabriz Department of Environment (TDoE) during 2006-2017 and analyzed. Spatial and temporal variations of pollutants using the Mann-Kendall's test and Moran’s I index were analyzed.

The results of this study showed that the annual trend of PM10, PM2.5 was decreasing but remained almost constant for O3 during the study period. During some of the studied days, PM10, PM2.5 levels were exceeded greater than the WHO AQG and National standard levels. Moreover, the highest monthly mean concentrations of PM10 in October (80.3 µg/m³), PM2.5 in January (42.9 µg/m³) and O3 in June (77.8 µg/m³) were observed. Comparison between the stations indicated that the Raste Kuche station was more polluted than other stations.

Effective control planning and implementation policies are essential to improve the air quality of the Tabriz environment. Hence, information provided in this research can be used as a key step for city managers, policymakers, and health officials to reduce the health impacts of air pollution.

Prescribing medication for the elderly is an important health issue. In this study, the status of prescribing inappropriate drugs for the elderly in general practitioners prescriptions was investigated.

Methods & Materials: 

The sample size consisted of 16842 prescriptions of general practitioners belongs to two insurance systems (Social Insurance and Health Insurance Organizations) in Tabriz city during 2019. Among the sample, 1500 prescriptions were evaluated for adults 65 years and older. The Beers criterion (version 2019) was used to assess inappropriate medications and suggestion of their alternatives if needed.

The mean number of drugs in each prescription was 3.93±1.5 and the average of inappropriate drugs in each prescription was 0.74±0.8. Polypharmacy was 32.6%, and 53.9% of the prescriptions had at least one inappropriate medication. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics and antihistamines were the most inappropriate prescribed drug groups for the elderly (24.2, 21.4 and 10.9%, respectively). The most common inappropriate prescription medications were Adult cold, Diclofenac, Glibenclamide, Ketorolac and Diphenhydramine, respectively.

The results showed that about 54% of the prescriptions by general practitioners for elderly people contained inappropriate medications and polypharmacy was present in about one third of the prescriptions. In order to improve this condition, it is necessary to modify the educational methods of medical students and appropriate training and continuous retraining courses in the elderly medicine field will be provided for the students and general practitioners. Moreover, supervisions by Ministry of Health and Medical Council of Iran can play an important role in improving the current situation.

Safety is one of the main dimensions of quality of health services. Considering the expansion of imaging equipment in diagnosis of diseases and the importance of maintaining and improving the safety of patients and staff in these wards, this study aimed to investigate the safety status of imaging wards in hospitals.

This study is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. The sampling method was the census so that all public and private hospitals in Tabriz city of Iran (7 public hospitals affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and 6 private hospitals) were enrolled in the study. The instrument used was a researcher-made checklist whose content validity ratio was 0.82 and the Content Validity Index was 0.86. The safety status of the wards was evaluated in 9 domains. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 24 using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test.

The mean safety score of imaging wards was 79.78 ± 6.2 The average safety scores in public hospitals were 79.7±5.91 and private hospitals were 79.8 ±7.29. Radiation safety was the highest score in public and private hospitals (92.85 ± 8.09) and private (95.8 ± 9.17). The lowest standards compliance in public hospitals was related to electrical safety (69.28 ± 10.96). In private hospitals, employee safety had the lowest score (62.96 ± 9.07). There was a significant difference between the mean score of employee safety and the type of hospital ownership (public and private) (p value=0.019).

Safety improvement in imaging should be studied as one of the priority issues in all hospitals. Employee safety had the lowest score thus it is necessary to implement strategies to improve employee safety including providing appropriate protective clothing, daily distribution of milk and proportionate compensation such as paying to work with radiation, reducing working hours and increasing annual leave according to existing laws.

A drug brochure or Patient Package Insert (PPI) is a folded sheet of paper in drug package that provides necessary information for effective and safe use of the drug. PPIs are one of the main sources of drug information, so, they should be clear and easily comprehensible to the general public. The purpose of this study was to determine the awareness and satisfaction of patients with Iranian PPIs.

In this cross-sectional study, 200 patients attending pharmacies of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were selected using simple random sampling in 2018-2019. A questionnaire was designed as a five-point Likert scale to determine the patients’ awareness and satisfaction with the Iranian PPIs. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed and internal consistency was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient in SPSS (V. 17). The Cronbach’s alpha
was 0.81.

According to findings, the average awareness of patients about Iranian PPIs was 50%. The highest satisfaction with PPIs was for “pregnancy and lactation warnings” and “warnings for children”. The overall satisfaction of patients with PPIs was found to be moderate (57%).

The current study reported a moderate level of patients’ satisfaction with the Iranian PPIs in Tabriz, Iran. Therefore, appropriate mechanisms should be adopted in the regulations relating to preparation of PPIs and more supervision on pharmaceutical companies by Iran Food and Drug Administration.

Some individuals from various professions and mindsets, especially in Tabriz-Iran, had published many newspapers after issuing the order of forming the National Assembly in the period of the Mozaffar al-Din Shah Qajar in 1285 A.H. These newspapers, although some ended their activities with a limited number of volumes for various reasons, had significant impacts on motivating the people to form the constitutional revolution. Some of these newspapers, their managers, and founders have remained unknown until the present. Majd-al-Ateba, whose first name is still unknown, is one of these managers/founders who was the director of “Etehad Melli” and “Eghbal" newspapers in Tabriz. We first aim to investigate the rare journal called Eghbal published in Tabriz in more detail. Then, the main purpose of this study is to identify some famous individuals with the title called Majd-al-Ateba who was one of the possible options for the director of these newspapers, in Tabriz, Iran, in the period of the Mozaffar al-Din Shah Qajar.

The research method is based on the documentary and collection of information by the library method. The authors carried this study out on the two mentioned newspapers called Etehad Melli and Eghbal.

Due to the lack of independent research, 14 people’s nicknames, known as Majd-al-Ateba in the Qajar period, have been identified and briefly introduced in this study.

From the beginning to the end of the article, the principle of honesty and trustworthiness has been observed.

This study concludes that the manager of Eghbal, called Majd-al-Ateba, decided to change the name of this newspaper from Etehad Melli (volumes 1 and 2) at the end of the period of Mozaffar al-Din Shah to Eqhbal (volumes 3 and 4) at the first week of the period of Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar due to some unclear reasons. We also find out that Majd-al-Ateba, as a medicine, had also translated some articles (from unknown resources) and left them in the newspaper in a medicine part of Eghbal called Hefz-Alsehe. This research provides more information about one of the possible options called Mirza Habib Allah Majd-al-Ateba (one of the famous Physicians in the Qajar period).

Citrus lemon and lime juice, which contain high levels of vitamin C and natural antioxidant in the form of polyphenols, have a special place in the food basket of Iranian households. Flavonoids are among the polyphenolic compounds and Eriocitrin, Naringin and Hesperidin are among the most important flavonoids. Investigating the amount and type of polyphenols and flavonoids in this food is one of the tools to discover the authenticity of this juice.

In this research, 65 samples of lime juice (42 samples of packed lime juice and 23 samples of bulk lime juice) were purchased from Tabriz and total amount of phenolic compounds were determined using spectrophotometry. Also, the quantities of Eriocitrin, Naringin and Hesperidin were analyzed using liquid chromatography method in order to investigate possible counterfeiting.

The average amount of total polyphenolic compounds of packed and bulk juices were 275 and 303 mg/l, respectively and totally, 9 samples (13.8%) did not conform to the Institute of Standards of Iran rules and were considered as not consumable. Regarding flavonoids, the results showed that the average amount ​​of Eriocitrin, Naringin and Hesperidin were 17.32, 28.31 and 80.44, respectively. Accordingly, 33 samples (50.78%) were not consistent with the Institute of Standards of Iran rules. In the present study, the reason for the non-standardization of most lemon juice samples (78.8%) was presence of the Naringin flavonoids.

In determining flavonoid compounds in comparison with the method of measuring total phenolic compounds, 24 more samples of lime juice (36% of samples) were found not to be standard, so due to the increasing adulteration that occurs in the various food industries, it is imperative that food health monitoring institutions use new and effective methods for food authentication to ensure community health.

Nowadays, consumers are demanding more accurate and clear food information than ever before, and meat products are no exception. Given the relatively high cost of raw meat, the possibility of adulteration is not unthinkable. The importance of detecting fraud meat products is due to the inclusion of other types of meat or cheap carcass components or the non-compliance of the ingredients listed in the product label. It is important to identify frauds in meat products for economic, security, religious and health reasons, so institutions concerned with the quality and health of food products must monitor this issue in various and precise ways.

In this study, chemical properties (fat, protein, carbohydrate, ash and moisture contents) of 58 samples of meat products offered in Tabriz were evaluated by the methods mentioned in the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. Also, the meat authenticity of 47 samples of raw meat and red meat products in terms of mixing meat or other parts of chicken carcass with them was investigated using PCR technique.

The results showed that 41.38% of the tested samples had values ​​contrary to the permissible limits set by the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. Also, cases of fraud in the samples through mixing poultry meat in the samples were found whether in standardized products such as processed and semi-processed products or in raw meat samples, so that overall, 87.23% of the obtained samples were not confirmed for product authenticity.

This study showed that fraud and incorrect information on the label of red meat products in terms of poultry meat adulteration in them in Tabriz city is very high and this fact further reveals the need for accurate, continuous and regular monitoring of health institutions on this high-consumption food product.