جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « type 1 diabetes » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The present study was conducted to investigate The effectiveness of psychological capital training on health promotion behaviors and self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes. The research method was semi experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a 3 month follow-up phase. The statistical population of the study included people with type 2 diabetes, members of the Diabetes Association, who referred to Bushehr medical centers and clinics in the second half of 2022. 35 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental (18 people) and control groups (17 people). The experimental group received ten ninty-minute sessions of psychological capital training during ten weeks. The applied questionnaires included Health Promotion Behaviors Questionnaire (Walker et al, 1987) and Self-Care Questionnaire (Galiana et al, 2015). The data from the study were analyzed through mixed ANOVA method via SPSS23 software. The results showed that psychological capital training has significant effect on the health promotion behaviors (F=71.28; Eta=0. 68; P<0001) and self-care (F=52.56; Eta=0. 61; P<0001) of patients with type 2 diabetes. According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that psychological capital training can be used as an efficient method to improve health promotion behaviors and self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes through applying the mechanisms such as optimism, self-efficacy, resilience and hope.

Diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder associated with chronic hyperglycemia and a disfunction in carbohydrate metabolism, fat, and protein. Oral complications of diabetes include gingival hyperplasia, periodontitis, dental caries, and xerostomia. Although diabetes can be effective on oral and dental health, limited studies have investigated the increase of oral and dental caries in children with type 1 diabetes compared to healthy children. This study compares oral health and quality of life in two to five-year-old children with type 1 diabetes with healthy children in Sari City in 2022.

In this case-control study, 33 children aged 2-5 with type 1 diabetes (case group) and 33 healthy children matched in terms of age and gender (control group) referred to BuAli Hospital in Sari were included using the census method. After obtaining informed consent from the parents, the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) was provided to them. This questionnaire was classified into two areas: the child impact section (CIS) and the family impact section (FIS). Generally, the sum of the raw scores of this index varies from 0-52, which includes 0-26 scores for the CIS section and 0-16 for the FIS section. The higher score in the ECOHIS index suggests worse oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL). Children were examined for dmft index under sufficient light. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22 statistical software.

In this investigation, 36 boys (54.5 %) participated, of which 19 (57.6%) were in the case group and 17 (51.5%) were in the control group. The girls also made up 45.5 % (30 cases) of the sample size, of which 42.4 % (14 cases) were in the case group and 45.5 % (16 cases) were in the control group. The findings revealed that the mean FIS, ECOHIS, and dmft scores in the case group were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the CIS score. The mean scores of CIS and ECOHIS in the control group were statistically significant between boys and girls (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found in these variables in the case group (P>0.05).

According to the current results, the oral health-related quality of life according to the ECOHIS index in type 1 diabetic children is more inappropriate than healthy patients at the same age. Moreover, as the child with type 1 diabetes grows older, the oral health-related quality of life decreases. The results of the present study also show that children with type 1 diabetes are at risk of dental caries (more dmft), which increases with age but does not have any significant association with sex.

Hepatic glucose release is one of the most important causes of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetics. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of intense interval training on RBP4 gene expression of in liver hepatocytes, as well as blood glucose and insulin levels in type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats.

For this purpose T2D induced by intraperitoneal nicotinamide and STZ in 14 male Wistar rats (10 week old, 220 ± 10 g), then they were divided into control (n=7) and interval (n=7) groups. Rats in the interval group performed a 4-week interval training program (5 sessions per week) in the form of running on a treadmill. The control group did not participate in the exercise program. 48 hours after the last training session, RBP4 gene expression in hepatocytes as well as serum insulin and fasting glucose were compared between groups by independent t-test.

Interval training led to a significant decrease in fasting glucose (p = 0.001) and RBP4 gene expression in liver cells (p = 0.031) compared to the control group. Also, serum insulin increased significantly in response to interval training compared to the control group (p = 0.001).

Based on these findings, the improvement of fasting glucose in response to interval training may be attributed to the reduction of RBP4 in liver hepatocytes. However, knowing the mechanisms responsible for the effect of exercise on glycemic profile requires more studies.

Diabetes can be a life-threatening condition, and maintaining blood sugar levels, proper nutrition, and regular physical activity are crucial for controlling diabetes and preventing its complications. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of twelve weeks of resistance band training on the levels of spexin and insulin resistance indices in women with type 2 diabetes.

In this semi-experimental study, 22 women with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups: resistance band (n=11) and control (n=11). The exercise program consisted of 12 weeks, three sessions per week, and each session lasted for 45 to 60 minutes. One-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used for within- and between-group changes.

The results showed that the interaction changes in serum spexin levels were significant between the experimental and control groups (p=0.012). However, no significant changes were observed in glucose (p=0.229), insulin (p=0.116), and insulin resistance index (p=0.178). Within-group changes in the insulin resistance index were significant (p=0.04). According to the Bonferroni post-hoc test, there was no significant difference in serum spexin level between pre-test and the eighth week (p=0.141) and between pre-test and the twelfth week (p=0.429).

Resistance band training, compared to the control group, significantly increased spexin and led to a considerable improvement in fasting glucose concentration, insulin, and insulin resistance index. Therefore, it is suggested that resistance band training can be implemented as a suitable alternative to home-based resistance training for individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Prediabetes (Pre-DM), an intermediate dysglycemia characterized by isolated impaired fasting glycemia (i-IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT), or combined IFG-IGT, affects about 30% of middle-aged adults. Pre-DM increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular diseases, and death. Little is known about the possible factors affecting the likelihood of Pre-DM regression/progression. This study aimed to review the current evidence obtained from observational studies and clinical trials investigating the association of dietary factors with either the progression of Pre-DM to T2D or its regression to normoglycemia. Observational studies’ findings imply the protective effects of dairy products, fruits, and vegetables and adherence to healthy dietary patterns like the Mediterranean diet and those with a low-glycemic index (GI) against Pre-DM progression, favoring its regression to normoglycemia. The findings of clinical trials indicate that compared to common therapeutic approaches, lifestyle interventions, including dietary modifications and adherence to healthy dietary patterns, have similar/superior significant and sustained effectiveness in delaying or preventing Pre-DM progression. Dietary modifications focusing on restricted energy intake aiming to favor at least a 5% body weight (BW) loss or maintain the ideal BW, diets with higher protein and fiber content, and adherence to low-GI and Mediterranean diets may increase the chance of Pre-DM regression and returning to normoglycemia.

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a critical challenge that healthcare providers face. Lifestyle modification, dietary changes, and regular exercise are essential in preventing CKD in people with T2DM. Along with lifestyle interventions, screening, early diagnosis, and then drug treatments have emerged as powerful tools against diabetic kidney disease. A therapeutic approach focused on blood pressure and glucose control is essential to treat CKD. To improve outcomes and reduce the detrimental impact of CKD in patients with T2DM, healthcare providers must be aware of new strategies for kidney protection. By implementing a comprehensive approach that uses lifestyle changes, timely screening, proven pharmacological interventions, and new therapeutic agents, we can work to improve outcomes.

Diabetes self-care leads to blood sugar control in diabetic patients. Adherence to medication is one of the methods of self-care. This research to improving medication adherence in type 2 diabetic patients in Zahedan based on the Health Action Process Approach model.

In this intervention study, 210 type 2 diabetic patients referred to diabetes clinics in Zahedan city in two intervention groups (105) and control group (105) were selected from the diabetes clinics of Zahedan hospitals during June and September in 2022. Sampling was done by available methods among diabetic patients. After collecting the data, a pre-test was conducted using the medication adherence questionnaire and the model constructs questionnaire. CVI = 0.7, CVR = 0.6 and Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaire was 0.97. One and three months after the educational intervention, the questionnaire on model structures and self-care behavior was completed by the patients and collected for analysis. Data were analyzed using independent t, Chi-square, and Shapiro-Wilk tests in SPSS version 23. A significance level of 0.05 was considered.

The results showed that all the Health Action Process Approach model constructs including risk perception, outcome expectancies, behavioral intention, action self-efficacy, coping self-efficacy, recovery self-efficacy, action planning and coping planning, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, and self-care behavior had significant differences in one month and three months after the educational intervention (P<0.05), which indicated the effectiveness of the education in the intervention group. However, no significant difference was observed in the control group (P < 0.05).

The intervention with the Health Action Process Approach model showed that the structures of the model after the training had a significant impact on the self-care of patients in the field of medication compliance. Appropriate programs with details in the field of automatic coping self-efficacy and action planning should be designed to promote medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Mitophagy is a type of cell death that regulates the quality of mitochondria and can lead to disorders in diseases such as diabetes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the content of proteins related to the mitophagy pathway (LC3 and BNIP3L) in muscle tissue soleus of rats with type 2 diabetes.

In this experimental study, 18 three-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats with an average weight of 270±30 g were selected. Rats were infected with type 2 diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of a streptozotocin and nicotinamide solution. Rats were randomly divided into two groups: diabetic and diabetic. A healthy control group was also included. The training group performed HIIT for eight weeks at an intensity of 85-95% of the maximum speed. Data analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA test in GraphPad Prism version 9.5 software. A significance level of P≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The levels of LC3 and BNIP3L proteins significantly increase after eight weeks of HIIT compared to both the diabetic and healthy control groups (P= 0.0001).

It can be concluded that HIIT by increasing the factors related to mitophagy can cause the cleaning of dysfunctional mitochondria in the muscle of diabetic subjects; However, excessive mitophagy can also cause functional defects in regulating the quality of mitochondria.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, like other inflammatory diseases, causes a change in the levels of pro-inflammatory (such as gremlin-1) and anti-inflammatory (such as pentraxin-3) markers. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of 10 weeks of aerobic and resistance training on serum levels of pentraxin-3, gremlin-1 and insulin resistance in men with type 2 diabetes.

In this semi-experimental study, 29 men with type 2 diabetes in the age range of 25-45 years were selected and randomly divided into three groups: aerobic training, resistance training and control. Aerobic training program with an intensity of 55-75% of the maximum heart rate and resistance training with an intensity of 55-75% of one repetition maximum was implemented during 10 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Before and after the intervention period, serum levels of pentraxin-3, gremlin-1 were measured and also insulin resistance index was calculated.

In both aerobic (P= 0.039) and resistance (P= 0.019) training groups, pentraxin-3 serum level increased significantly compared to the control group; but there was no difference between the two groups (P= 0.703). Also, serum levels of gremlin-1 and insulin resistance of the aerobic (P= 0.022 and P= 0.040, respectively) and resistance (P= 0.037 and P= 0.031, respectively) training groups showed a significant decrease compared to the control group; Although there was no difference between the training groups (P= 0.815 and P= 0.659, respectively).

This findings demonstrate that both types of aerobic and resistance training are equally effective in improving inflammatory markers and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes patients.

Despite the increased use of complementary medicine by diabetic patients, there is no clear estimation of complementary and herbal medicine use by these patients in Iran. This study was conducted to investigate the uses of herbal medicine among patients with type II diabetes in Yazd, Iran, in 2022.

A cross-sectional study was carried out on 633 patients with type II diabetes referred to the Diabetes Research Center in Yazd City from June to September 2022. A questionnaire-based theory of planned behavior developed and validated by the researcher was used for data collection. In addition to demographics and disease-related information, the instrument included questions about using herbal medicine used. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and linear regression tests were used to analyze the data.

The most common herb used was cinnamon (34.7%). The majority of patients used herbs daily (56.9%). Using herbal medicine was significantly associated with Attitude (r= 0.48, p< 0.001) Subjective norm (r= 0.39, p< 0.001), perceived behavior control (r= 0.38, p< 0.001) and intention (r= 0.4, p< 0.001). Constructs of the theory of planned behavior 73% predicted intention to use herbal medicine. Subjective norm structure had the highest predictive power of intention to consume herbal medicine (ß= 0.49, p< 0.001).

Subjective norm is the most predictor of intention to use Herbal medicines in patients with diabetes. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to the beliefs, customs, and culture of the surrounding community in the correct self-management of disease control and the use of effective drug control.

This review aims to investigate and analyze recent studies related to the effects of various exercise training on adipokines secreted from adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Search in Persian and Latin databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Magiran, and SID with the keywords aerobic exercise, resistance training, High-intensity interval training, diabetes, Adipokine, Leptin, Adiponectin, and Resistin, resistance training, intense interval training, aerobic exercise, combined exercise, adipokine, leptin, adiponectin and resistin were performed to retrieve articles published in the period from 2010 to 2023.

The results obtained from the study showed that aerobic exercise with moderate intensity (60 to 80%) reduces the leptin levels of diabetic patients, however, the effect of combined exercises (aerobic and resistance) is much greater than other types of exercises. In addition, aerobic exercises with moderate intensity (50 to 70%) lead to an increase in adiponectin levels in diabetic patients, however, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) had a greater effect in increasing adiponectin levels than other exercises. Also, studies showed that all three types of activities, aerobic exercise (50-70% intensity), intense intermittent exercise, and resistance exercise (30-70% 1RM) have the same effects in reducing the resistance levels of diabetic patients.

Aerobic exercises with medium and high intensity and especially combined exercises (aerobic and resistance) while improving adipokines, decreasing leptin and resistin levels, and also increasing adiponectin in diabetic patients.

This study aimed to determine the association between the quality and quantity of dietary carbohydrate (CHO) with the risk of pre-diabetes (pre-DM) progression to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the chance of returning to normal glycemia.

 Dietary CHO quantity (total CHO and dietary fiber) and quality (glycemic index, glycemic load, insulin index, and insulin load) were assessed using a 168-item, semi-quantitative, valid, and reliable food frequency questionnaire in 334 men and women with pre-DM at baseline. The participants were followed for a median of 9 years. Fasting and 2-hours (after oral loading of 75 g glucose) plasma glucose concentrations were measured at baseline and subsequent examinations.

 During the study follow-up, 39.8% of the pre-DM subjects progressed to T2D, and 39.8% returned to normal glycemia. Dietary total CHO, glycemic index, glycemic load, insulin index, and insulin load were not significantly associated with pre-DM regression and progression during the study follow-up. A 25% reduced risk of developing T2D was observed per 5 g/1000 kcal per day by the increased dietary intake of fiber (odds ratio: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58-0.98; P=0.038).

Total CHO intake and its quality were not associated with the change of glycemic status in pre-DM subjects, while higher intakes of dietary fiber decreased the risk of pre-DM progression to T2D.