جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Uncertainty » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Economic uncertainty, which means difficulty in predicting the economic environment, comes from various factors such as political instability, change and uncertainty of government policies, natural disasters and market fluctuations, which can affect the surplus efficiency of companies. Also, people's health is also considered as another important factor affecting the surplus efficiency of companies.

Accordingly; the main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of uncertainty of economic policies and people's health on the surplus efficiency of companies in different quantiles in the period of 1385 to 1401. Quantile regression is a statistical method that was first introduced by Koenker and Bassett (1978). One of the advantages of this model is to identify the shape of the distribution of the dependent variable of the model at different levels of the independent variable.

The estimation of the research model using the quantile regression method indicates that the transmission of the oil price to the surplus stock market, in addition to the direct route, also takes place indirectly through the exchange rate channel. So that in the higher quantiles, i.e. when the stock market is booming, the change in oil price return on the stock market is only indirect and through the exchange rate channel, and the decrease in oil prices (oil revenues) is the same as in the two sanctions periods, it strengthens the stock market through the increase of the exchange rate. In addition, it was observed that the increase in air pollution, which is a measure of people's health, causes people to invest less in stocks due to lower income and increased health risks; When the stock supply remains relatively constant and the demand decreases, the stock price and yield also decrease, and accordingly, air pollution at its higher levels can lead to a decrease in the excess yield of firms.

Based on the findings of the research, it is concluded that in examining the factors affecting the surplus efficiency of companies, the two factors of economic policy uncertainty and people's health should be considered, so that the increase in economic policy uncertainty leads to a decrease in surplus efficiency and Also, the increase in air pollution and the decrease in people's health also lead to a decrease in the surplus efficiency of companies.

The ever-increasing speed of changes in today's world has led to the emergence of an era called uncertainty, and an environment full of opportunities and threats has made the current complex systems a precursor. One of the challenges of accurate and big planning for the future is the uncertainty inherent in the future and rapid changes in various fields in health. A powerful tool that predicts future competitive environments and develops long-term strategy even in environments with the greatest uncertainty is the scenario planning tool. Scenarios are descriptions of future situations and possible events in those situations so that a person can move from their current situation to a planned future. Scenario writing is not only a planning tool, but also an effective learning tool. Thinking about scenarios helps us to understand the logic of development, to recognize driving forces, trends and challenges. Drivers are a set of future-shaping forces that affect different futures globally or locally. Proponents perform the task of advancing and solving challenges simultaneously. For its development and sustainability, nursing education needs drivers so that it can maintain its existence in a turbulent age. Drivers are the main factors consisting of several processes that cause change in a studied area. Nursing education in the country, while having many challenges and crises, has diverse and somewhat unknown capacities. Drivers and trends that, if identified and applied, can overcome some of the existing challenges. Therefore, the current research tries to identify the key factors and the main drivers involved in nursing education and then by designing the desired and probable scenarios in the future, it provides a framework for policy making and flexible planning according to the conditions. Therefore, the current research was carried out with the aim of scenario planning the future of nursing education in Iran.

This research was conducted with an exploratory nature and with the aim of knowing the leading futures in the field of nursing education in Iran in the undergraduate course. In the first stage, in order to identify drivers and trends, qualitative interviews with nursing professors of Iran and Delphi universities were used. Sandelowski and Barroso's seven-step method was used for synthesis. In the second step, a semi-structured interview was used. The participants were selected in a goal-based way from nursing professors who had managerial experience in nursing education. Interviews were conducted by phone and in person. The Shannon entropy method was used to analyze the content of the codes. In the third step, the Delphi method was used to confirm and evaluate the drivers identified. 30 people, including nursing specialists (members of nursing board and teaching assistants and managers of nursing departments in all nursing schools of medical sciences universities of the country) participated in the research by means of targeted sampling. A report of the drivers and trends obtained from the previous stage along with a summary of the research method and research objectives was sent to the members. For evaluation, scoring was used in the form of 0 to 5. This process continued in three consecutive rounds of e-mail and face-to-face visits. Then, using a panel of experts, the influence and uncertainty of the identified trends were scored. In the next step, using influence/uncertainty diagrams, the key axes for writing the scenario were determined. Scenarios were designed by Scenario Wizard software version 11/4 and strategies were presented. The validity of the scenarios was examined from the four perspectives of feasibility, internal consistency, usefulness and differentiation. All four conditions were acceptable according to the experts.

In the meta-synthesis stage, after internet search, 723 articles were reviewed, among which nine articles were used for the final analysis. At the end of this stage, the researcher identified 127 codes, which according to the purpose of the research and also based on the semantic proximity and the only verbal difference between some codes, the codes were merged and brought under a common title. Finally, 24 codes were identified. In the next step, considering the concept of each of these codes, they were categorized into a similar concept. In order to evaluate the quality, the results were given to one of the experts to be evaluated by the Kappa index. Using SPSS version 16 software, at a significance level of 0.05, this coefficient was obtained as 0.83, which shows the appropriate reliability of the codes. In the interview phase, 17 nursing professors (2 professors, 6 associate professors, 6 assistant professors, and 3 instructors) with an average clinical experience of 16 ± 1.2 years and an average managerial experience of 6 ± 3.1 years were interviewed. A total of 23 interviews were conducted with an average of 25-30 minutes. 15 of the interviews were conducted over the phone and the rest of the interviews were conducted in person. In this step, 356 codes were obtained. The findings of the content analysis were categorized using Shannon's entropy, and the results were entered into the next step for agreement and confirmation. In the third step, the experts agreed on 6 drivers and 31 trends. With five key uncertainties, the scenario was designed in three optimistic, intermediate and pessimistic assumptions. According to the size of the matrix and its dimensions (15 x 15), four problem-oriented, ethical, maintaining the status quo and closed educational system scenarios were reported for nursing education in Iran.

In the current study, four different scenarios were designed. Ultimately, each of these scenarios is believable and each has the potential to be realized, but which one will happen depends on today's plans. Scenarios have no prescription for the future itself, but rather a short film of the possibilities that may occur. This research is an analysis of the reliable results of our current possible actions. Further researches can obtain indicators for these scenarios. The application of future planning methods such as scenario in Iran's national health system can be considered as a warning system for awareness of opportunities and threats before the crisis. In order to improve the future of nursing education in Iran, it is recommended to form an expert working group with technical skills of scenario planning for more coordination in the strategic planning of specialized and sub-specialized fields and to formulate a comprehensive plan for the correct implementation of future planning projects. The manager or decision maker of the health field can see the serious part of the consequences of different decisions in the form of future scenarios of experience and future failure points right now.

Uncertainty is a multifaceted concept, inherently unavoidable, and can pose a significant obstacle to proper decision-making. In the nursing profession, which is marked by various challenges, nurses are expected to make precise and appropriate decisions. Confidence in decision-making is considered a vital element in the nursing profession. Given the ambiguities surrounding the concept of uncertainty, we aimed to conduct a concept analysis of uncertainty in nursing using the Walker and Avant’s approach.

Methods & Materials: 

This study is a concept analysis using the Walker and Avant’s approach to analyze the concept of uncertainty. Initially, a search was conducted on databases including Science Direct, SID, Medline, Iran Med, ProQuest, PubMed, and Scopus, using keywords such as uncertainty, nurse, and concept. A comprehensive review of articles published between 1990 and 2021 was then carried out, resulting in a total of 9 relevant articles.

The literature review showed that uncertainty is an abstract and intricate concept that poses challenges in making informed decisions. In the context of nursing, uncertainty shares similarities with terms like confusion and doubt, while standing in contrast to concepts like self-confidence and assurance. The antecedents of uncertainty include the inability to make decisions and a lack of accountability. The consequence of uncertainty is the recognition of information needs, active pursuit of answers, and ultimately making informed and appropriate decisions.

The findings of this study indicate that nurses encounter uncertainty when they are unable to make independent decisions. As uncertainty in nursing decision-making directly affects patient care, managers and planners can take proactive measures to mitigate this issue. By promoting knowledge and awareness, fostering motivation, and encouraging continuous learning among nurses, the level of uncertainty can be reduced. This, in turn, will contribute to the improvement and enhancement of patients’ health outcomes.

This study aims to provide a risk assessment method based on a fuzzy Bayesian network (FBN) to prevent the failure of firefighting systems (FSs).

In this research, the fault tree structure was validated, and the failure factors were identified. Triangular fuzzy numbers and the combined CoA/Sum-Product method were used to calculate the failure probability. Then, deductive and inductive reasoning and sensitivity analysis were performed using fuzzy logic and fault tree transmission in a Bayesian network (BN).

The results of a case study in methanol storage tanks showed that the combination of FBN and validation of structures can be presented as a suitable method to evaluate the reliability of FSs. The content validity index of the final basic events was over 0.79. The highest and lowest failure probabilities were related to foam system failure and valve failure, respectively. Also, the failure probability for the failure of FSs was 5.7E-6 based on a fuzzy fault tree (FFT). After updating with BN, the previous probability of failure of FSs with FBN was calculated to be 0.022978, which was greater than the value of the FFT. The reliability of the system was equal to 0.77022.

the present approach can help the decisions of managers and analysts of the petrochemical industry to prevent the failure of FSs in tanks due to changes in systems.

Patients with depression and comorbid anxiety experience more complicated and higher levels of psychological harm than the ones without comorbidity.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional schema therapy on the intolerance of uncertainty and the difficulty of emotion regulation in people suffering from comorbid depression and anxiety.

This study was a quasi-experimental research, applying a pre-test and post-test control group design. After interviewing a group of patients with depression and comorbid anxiety who attended counseling centers in Isfahan in 2019, 32 women participants were chosen. Then they were randomly assigned to two groups, including an experimental group and a control group. Each group consisted of 16 participants. The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (1994) and the Emotion Regulation Difficulty Scale (2004) were used as the instruments of the study. The experimental group went through emotional schema therapy, which lasted for ten 90-minute sessions. The data analysis was performed through repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test, using SPSS-22.

The results of the study indicated that emotional schema therapy had a significant effect on uncertainty intolerance and emotion regulation difficulty in both intra- and inter-group status (P<0.01). The effect of this intervention lasted until the follow-up session. The effect size for uncertainty intolerance and emotion regulation difficulty were 0.324 and 0.430 respectively (P<0.01).

Emotional schema therapy as a unified treatment can improve trans-diagnostic factors of depression and comorbid anxiety. If proven in various studies in terms of applicability, this intervention can be pioneering in the treatment of depression and comorbid anxiety.

This research focuses on developing a novel, eco-friendly approach for measuring ethanol levels in food products and beverages in line with the ISO/IEC 17025 standard. Its significance stems from the growing demand for Halal-certified products in Islamic communities and concerns regarding the ethanol content in these products. Traditional methods of ethanol detection have been hindered by drawbacks such as the use of harmful solvents and reliance on costly equipment.

The study utilized an innovative method involving aqueous extraction with magnetic stirring, combined with gas chromatography featuring a flame ionization detector (GC-FID).

The method demonstrated impressive results, including a low limit of detection (0.0003 mg/mL) and quantification (0.001 mg/mL), high linearity (R2 > 0.999), exceptional trueness (relative biases under 3%), outstanding accuracy (97-102% recoveries), and remarkable precision (RSD < 5%). These findings suggest that this method surpasses the AOAC 983.13 official method, particularly in analyzing solid matrices. Applied to 50 commercial food and beverage samples, the method accurately quantified ethanol levels. It detected ethanol concentrations exceeding the 0.5% permissible limit in four samples, while three samples - two vinegars and one fruit juice - hovered near this threshold. Based on a rigorous decision rule, ethanol levels in these samples were deemed to exceed the permissible limit. Overall, this study introduces a dependable and environmentally friendly technique for the quantitative analysis of ethanol in processed foods and beverages, crucial for verifying their compliance with Halal standards prior to certification.

Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are considered one of the most complex hospital units due to their high sensitivity. Therefore, nurses face challenges such as uncertainty that can affect nursing performance. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between resilience and uncertainty and intolerance of uncertainty among nurses working in ICUs.

The present study was a cross-sectional study. By using the stratified random sampling method, 237 nurses working in adult ICUs in hospitals affiliated to the Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected in 2022. Data were collected through demographic information questionnaires, uncertainty questionnaire and uncertainty intolerance questionnaire. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics at a significance level of less than 0.05.

The mean resilience score of nurses participating in the study was 20.4 with a standard deviation of 2.6. Furthermore, 75% of nurses achieved the average level of resilience. There was a significant positive correlation between resilience scores and intolerance of uncertainty in nurses (p<0.001, r=0.213) and a significant but weak positive correlation between resilience and uncertainty scores in nurses (p=0.004, r=0.188). So that with the increase of nurses' resilience scores, their uncertainty score generally increased.

The findings revealed that uncertainty and its intolerance have an inverse relationship with resilience, and this shows that uncertainty and its intolerance are complex concepts and components that can be affected by several factors that require further study in this area. On the other hand, resilience cannot be the solution to all the problems of nurses in clinical environments. As the findings in this study showed, increasing resilience has not been able to reduce uncertainty and intolerance, and this finding can be the beginning of other studies to identify predictors of uncertainty and intolerance.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has challenged the global health system and put much psychological pressure on nurses who are responsible for providing primary health services.

The present study aimed to predict psychological vulnerability based on the pathological personality traits and uncertainty intolerance of COVID-19 ward nurses.

The present research was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population consisted of 153 nurses working in the COVID-19 wards in Tohid, Kowsar, and Be’sat hospitals in Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran, within winter 2020 to spring 2021 using convenience sampling. The Psychological Vulnerability Scale, Pathological Personality Traits Scale and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale were used to collect the data. Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the data using SPSS-22 software.

The results of correlation analysis showed that the psychological vulnerability variable was significantly associated with pathological personality traits and uncertainty intolerance in nurses (P<0.01). Additionally, based on the results of regression analysis, 59% of the variance of the psychological vulnerability variable was predictable with the help of predictor variables (i.e., pathological personality traits and uncertainty intolerance) (P<0.01).

Pathological personality traits and uncertainty intolerance play an essential role in the psychological vulnerability of nurses during COVID-19. It is recommended to provide nurses with necessary psychological training to strengthen their positive emotions and improve uncertainty tolerance.

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of fear of failure, self-compassion, and intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between academic procrastination and perfectionism.

 This study used structural equation modeling. The statistical population was students studying for a master’s degree in Tehran in 2020-2021. Using the available sampling method, 440 students were selected as the sample. To analyze data, the correlation matrix in SPSS v. 24 software and structural equation modeling in Lisrel 8.80 software were used.

 The results showed that the direct effect of perfectionism on fear of failure, intolerance of uncertainty, and academic procrastination (P≥0.001) was positive and significant and the direct effect of perfectionism on self-compassion (P≥0.001) was negative and significant. Also, the direct effect of fear of failure on academic procrastination was positive and significant (P≥0.001) and the direct effect of self-compassion on academic procrastination was negative and significant (P≥0.001). Also, the results of data analysis showed that fear of failure, intolerance of uncertainty, and self-compassion had a significant role (P≥0.001) in the relationship between academic procrastination and perfectionism. 

 Therefore, based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the relationship between academic procrastination and perfectionism is not a linear and simple relationship and fear of failure, self-compassion, and intolerance of uncertainty has a mediating role in this relationship.

Online health information seeking can be related to several factors. The present study was conducted to underline the importance of two factors of uncertainty and cyberchondria.

This study was a descriptive survey in which the study population consisted of students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, from different academic levels. A sample of 358 individuals was selected and 286 individuals participated in the study. The data collection instruments included three questionnaires whose reliability was recalculated in this study. The online health information seeking questionnaire with alpha of 0.81, uncertainty with 0.85, and cyberchondria with 0.86.

Findings showed that the average of online health information seeking among males was higher than in females (the difference was significant). Besides, MD and master students had a higher average than others. There was no significant difference in the mean of uncertainty and cyberchondria in terms of gender and academic levels. There was a significant relationship between online search for health information, uncertainty, and cyberchondria. Using regression, it was found that uncertainty and cyberchondria were the predictors of online search for health information.

Uncertainty and skepticism about information, as well as anxiety about facing health information (cyberchondria) increase students' online health information seeking.