جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "گیاهان دارویی" در نشریات گروه "دامپزشکی"

Plant essential oils are complex compounds of different chemical components with different amounts. These substances are one of the potential sources of antibacterial compounds and are very effective and useful for this purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil on Salmonella isolated from poultry and humans using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method. Steam distillation was used to extract the essential oil, and then the composition of the essential oil was determined using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (Gc-Ms) method. Broth microdilution method was used to determine the MIC of Zataria multiflora essential oil. Also, ELISA was used to investigate the anti-biofilm effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil. Based on the results obtained in the present study, it was shown that more than 64.9% of essential oil consists of three substances: thymol, caracol, and linanol which make up46.62%, 13.85%, and 8.95% of the essential oil repectively. It was found that the MIC level For Zataria multiflora essential oil was in the range of 0.39-12.5 mg/ml in Salmonella isolates. Also, based on the results obtained in this study, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of applied essential oil in Salmonella isolates was in the range of 1.56-12.5 mg/ml. The placement of Salmonella bacteria isolates alongside essential oil at a possible level of 1% significantly (p<0.001) decreased biofilm production. Overall, the results of this research showed that Shirazi thyme essential oil has significant antibacterial effects and reduced biofilm production of Salmonella bacteria isolates by a significant percentage.

Antibiotic therapy of bacterial diseases has some side effects including antibiotic resistance. There is need to investigate new and natural antibacterial agents because of various side effects of antibiotics. According to antibacterial effects, essential oils (EOs) are suitable alternatives. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae cause various diseases in human and animals. Also, these three bacteria are major bovine mastitis-causing bacteria. So, this study investigated antibacterial activity of Mentha piperita (peppermint) and Mentha pulegium (pennyroyal) essential oils in comparison with lincospectin, gentamicin and amoxicillin/clavulanate antibiotics on these bacteria. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used for the analysis of EOs. Antibacterial effects of the EOs on bacteria were evaluated with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), disk diffusion method, and time- kill assay in tryptic soy broth (TSB). Major components of peppermint EO were carvone (63.02%) and limonene (24.48%), and those of pennyroyal EO were pulegone (48.16%), eucalyptol (14.57%). According to MIC and MBC results, the antibacterial activity of peppermint was the same or higher than lincospectin and pennyroyal effect on Streptococcus agalactiae was higher than lincospectin. The inhibition zone of peppermint and pennyroyal had no significant difference with gentamycin but the effects of two EOs against the other two bacteria were lower than gentamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanate. Sub-MIC concentrations of oils decreased Escherichia coli count at 24 h. Generally, the essential oil of peppermint and pennyroyal had a significant antibacterial effect and the effect of peppermint was higher than pennyroyal.

Today, fungal toxins or mycotoxins are a major problem in the food industry and food chain safety, which can contaminate a wide range of agricultural products, and thus they have negatively affect on health and production of livestock and poultry, and consequently human health, the economies of countries and even international trade. Since mycotoxin contamination cannot be completely prevented before or after harvest, it is important to know exactly how to remove mycotoxins during technological processes and feed clearance strategies. Today, the biological control of mycotoxins by microorganisms and other biological factors is becoming a valid approach to protect food products from contamination by these toxins, which increases the safety and quality of crops and animal feed, and ultimately reduces toxin concentration in animal products (milk, meat and eggs), and increase food chain security.

Endophytes are fungi, bacteria, or yeast symbionts that live in the intercellular spaces or vascular tissues of host plants. The Echinophora platyloba endophytes with production of seondray metabolites and compunend has antifungal and antibacterial properties and prolnages the shelf-time food. The present study was designed to isolate and evaluate the effects of Echinophora platyloba bacterial endophytes and their antifungal and antibacterial properties on Streptococcus agalactiae and Cryptococcus neoformans. Plant components were randomly collected from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran, and then cleaned and sterilized. Bacterial endophytes were isolated after culturing plant components in YEA and PA media and the antimicrobial properties of endophytes were investigated by studying structural factors (by chloroform) as well as endophyte metabolites. A total of 12 bacterial endophytes were isolated from different parts of leaves, stems and roots of Echinophora platyloba and showed favorable inhibitory effects on Streptococcus agalactiae and Cryptococcus neoformans. In general, secretory metabolites derived from bacterial endophytes showed stronger inhibitory effects than structural factors against these pathogens. The results of this study indicate the efficacy and potential of Echinophora platyloba bacterial endophytes in inhibiting human pathogens.

More than 80% of the world's population relies on traditional medicine (Herbal extracts or their active ingredients) for their health needs for their health needs. In addition, more than 50% of all modern clinical drugs are of natural origin. Herbs may have the ability to treat bacterial resistance to many types of antibiotics. One of the benefits of using the herbs is their multiple effects. In particular, many plants have a high ability to fight bacterial and fungal pathogens. Given the number of chemical compounds in plants, it is not possible to consider a single mechanism for their antibacterial effects, but they have multiple purposes in the cell. Also, the antimicrobial mechanisms are very different depending on the composition of the plant. Since the antibacterial effect of medicinal plants depends significantly on the phytochemical properties of the family and subfamily, it is not surprising that differences in the antibacterial effect of samples taken from the same plant from two different regions are observed. In traditional Iranian medicine, the use of herbs in the treatment of burns, skin disorders, infectious diseases, sepsis and inflammation is common. Because there are no standard criteria for evaluating plant antimicrobial activity, the results vary widely from author to author. Standardizing extraction methods and in vitro tests to search for new antimicrobial drugs from plants will be very useful so that the results are more systematic and their interpretation is simpler and more accurate.

There is need to investigate new and natural antibacterial agents because of various side effects of antibiotics. Essential oil of medicinal plants is one of these agents. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of Salvia officinalis (sage) and Satureja hortensis (savory) essential oils in comparison with Gentamicin and Amoxicillin / Clavulanate antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli. Chemical compositions of essential oils were determined by GC/MS. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of oils and the inhibition zones of oils and antibiotics were determined using serial broth dilution and disk diffusion method, respectively. The effect of MIC concentrations of oils on growth curve of bacteria were obtained at 0, 6, 10 and 24 hour. Major compositions of sage and savory oils were carvacrol (61.01%), thymol (20.41%) and eucalyptol (32.45%), thymol (28.24%), respectively. According to MIC and MBC results, the most antibacterial activity of sage was against Staphylococcus aureus (0.009% and 0.019%, respectively) and those of savory were against Streptococcus agalactiae (0.078%, 0.156%, respectively). The inhibition zone of oils had no significant difference with antibiotics and antibacterial effect of sage was more than savory. MIC concentrations of oils decreased bacterial count at 24 h. Generally, the essential oil of sage had a stronger antibacterial effect than savory because of more strong antibacterial components (carvacrol and thymol) and Antibacterial effects of two oils had no significant difference with gentamycin and amoxicillin/ clavulanate that show satisfactory antibacterial effect of oils.

Overuse of antibiotics culminated in increasing of frequency of occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Therefore, new drugs with minimum complication are needed. Nowadays, herbal drugs as new remedy have been considered to reduce frequency of occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The purpose of this study was isolation and molecular identification of Streptococcus mutans as an important agent of dental decay and the evaluation of antimicrobial effect of herbal medicine on them.

To perform the study 50 oral samples were collected from ordinary people and cultivated on the nutrient agar plates. In addition, 27 herbal medicine plants were purchased and water and hydro alcoholic extracts of them were prepared. Then, the antimicrobial effects of water and hydro alcoholic extracts of herbal medicine plants were evaluated on the isolates. In addition, MIC, MBC and Arbitrary units of the effective herbal medicine plants were determined.

The results indicated that Streptococcus was predominant oral microflora and Streptococcus mutans were isolated in high frequency. Out of all herbal plants, Mazoo plant, oak plant, Myrtus commuis and Tribulus terrestris exhibited high antimicrobial property on Streptococcus mutans isolates. However, hydroalcolic Mazoo plant extract showed relatively more antimicrobial effect. Furthermore, MIC, MBC and Arbitrary unit of the Mazoo plant extract was relatively less. Hence, our finding showed antimicrobial effect of Mazoo plant extracts on oral microbiota viz., Streptococcus mutans.

Therefore, consumption of aliquot of hydroalcolic Mazoo plant extract can be eliminated oral infections as well as dental decay. However, it needs more investigation.

Infectious diseases widely occur through bacteria such as Salmonella spp. in different hosts such as domestic animals and human.

The aim of this study was to isolate Salmonella Typhimurium bacteria from poultry feces and in vitro assessment of antimicrobial effects of 9 species of Zagros native medicinal plants.

Ethanol extracts of jooshir, shallots, Iranian eremurus, artichokes, sheng, amaranth, sorrel, oregano and harmel were extracted through rotary vacuum system. Furthermore, 12 strains of Salmonella Typhimurium were isolated from poultry feces in Sistan region. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of plant extracts were determined through micro dilution method. Sensitivity of different strains to antibiotics was tested through standard Kirby-Bauer diffusion disk methods.

Salmonella Typhimurium strains are resistant to Penicillin (100%), Ampicillin (100%), Tetracycline (16.6%), Amikacin (8.3%) and Oxacillin (75.0%). Results of the antimicrobial assay have shown that extracts of amaranth, jooshir and artichokes had the highest MIC against Salmonella Typhimurium.

Results of the current study showed that according to the antibiotic resistance of Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from poultry, antibiotic treatment, in particular with penicillin, ampicillin and oxacillin with the bacterium resistance of 75 to 100% would not be effective. In contrast, using plant ethanol extracts especially jooshir, amaranth and artichokes could be recommended as an alternative to conventional antibiotic treatments.

For evaluation and comparing effect of thyme, cinnamon and mixing of thyme plus cinnamon on growth indices, and lipid profile and abdominal fat, 180 broiler chicks divided into 3 groups by 3 replicates. All chickens reared under same condition and received 0.5 percent thyme, cinnamon and thyme plus cinnamon on diet, continuously. Control chickens received no supplement on diet. The growth indices were recorded at end of each week. On 42 days old, chickens were slaughtered. The serum samples were prepared and abdominal fats were weighted. The abdominal fat to weight gain as percent were determined. The serum samples were prepared for assaying of triglycerid, total cholestrol, LDL, HDL and VLDL. Results showed that chickens received 0.5 percent thyme and thyme plus cinnamon have higher weight gain and lower feed intake and feed conversion rate (FCR) significantly compared with control group and chickens received cinnamon. Furthermore, administration of 0.5 percent thyme and thyme plus cinnamon can reduce abdominal fat percentage, triglycerid, total cholestrol, LDL and VLDL, and increase HDL, significantly. According to the results of this study, continuous consumpsion of 0.5 percent of thyme and thyme plus cinnamon can improve growth indices and fat percentage in broiler chikens.

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin that is usually found in animal feed and causes disorder in genital organs activity. Most commercial adsorbents do not have ZEA absorbency and may have side effects on the animal performance. Therefore, the discovery and introduction of natural compounds are necessary to reduce ZEA.

The introduction of some medicinal plants to degrade ZEA in rumen fluid is the main objective of this study.

In the present study, essential oil and different extracts (methanol, n-hexane and ethyl-acetate) of seed of four medicinal plants belonging to Apiaceae family including coriander (Coriandrum sativum),Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and Persian hogweed (Heracleum persicum) were investigated to reduce ZEA in rumen fluid (0.4µg ZEA in ml 20% rumen fluid) at the ratio of essential oil/extract to toxin 125:1, 250:1 and 500:1 in 48h.The ZEA-content was extracted by the immunoaffinity column and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-FLD).

The results showed that essential oil of coriander (contains 76.5% of linalool), n-hexane extract of coriander and methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Persian hogweed exhibit acceptable efficiency (more than 30%) in ZEA degradation. ZEA evaluation in the presence of various concentrations of promising essential oils and extracts exhibited that the essential oil of coriander has the highest effect to remove ZEA from rumen fluid with 79.5% after 48 h. The n-hexane extract of coriander at the rate of 500:1 caused 67.8% and 74.2% reduction in ZEA content after 36 and 48 h incubation time respectively and located at the next statistical level. In addition, methanol and ethyl- acetate extracts of Persian hogweed at the rate of 500:1 reduced 46% and 41.8% ZEA content in rumen fluid respectively.

Coriander and Persian hogweed are introduced as promising botanical additive sources to remove ZEA in animal feed.

Nowadays, antibacterial effects of medicinal plants are considered as an appropriate alternative of antibiotics. Therefore, the aim of the current study was in vitro determination of antimicrobial effects of caper (Capparis spinosa) against Salmonella typhmurium isolated from poultry. Ethanol extract of caper leaves was extracted using vacuum from the center (rotary) apparatus. Moreover, a total number of 12 S. typhmurium strains were isolated from poultry in Zabol. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of different concentrations of plant extract were determined on bacteria using dilution in well method. Sensitivity of bacteria strains to antibiotics were evaluated using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion standard test. Results of the current study showed that different strains of bacteria are resistant to Penicillin (100 %), Ampicillin (100 %), Tetracycline (16.6 %) and Amikacin (8.3 %). Furthermore, ethanol extracts of caper plant showed significant inhibitory effect on S. typhimurium. Results of the current study indicated that there is possibly of using ethanol extract of caper plant as a useful alternative beside usual antibiotics.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of aqueous extract, ethanol extract and essential oil of Golpar on Salmonella typhimurium isolates from poultry. Plant extracts and essential oils of Golpar were obtained using vacuum from the center (Rotary) and Clevenger. Total number of 12 S. typhimurium strains were isolated from native poultry in the city of Zabol. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of aqueous and ethanol extract and essential oil of Golpar were determined using preparation of different concentrations by dilution in wells method and determination of different concentrations on growth of bacteria. Susceptibility to several antibiotics was evaluated by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion standard method. The results of the present study showed that among the essential oils, aqueous extract and ethanol extract of Golpar, the essence have shown highest inhibitory effect on S. typhimurium, while the aqueous extracts have less inhibitory effects on most of the strains of S. typhimurium. The MIC of essential oil was on 5 ppm dilution but for ethanol extract was on 25 ppm and for aqueous extract was on 50 and 100 ppm. The MBC for essential oil, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Golpar were 20, 200 and 200 ppm, respectively. The results showed relevant antibacterial activity of Golpar extracts and essential oils, which can be used for treatment of infections due to the S. typhimurium, instead of common antibiotics.

For evaluation and comparing effect of thyme and cinnamon on carcass contamination, 135 broiler chicks divided to 3 groups by 3 replicates. All chickens reared under same condition and received 0.5 percent thyme and 0.5 percent cinnamon on basic diet, continuously. Control chickens received no supplement in basic diet. In 42 days old, chickens were slaughtered and breast muscle was sampled for Escherichia coli (E.coli) detection. Cecal content were sampled for E.Coli colony counting, by conventional bacteriologic methods. Results showed that administration of 0.5 percent thyme can reduce carcass contamination and E.coli population in cecal content, significantly. There was no significant difference between control chickens and chickens received cinnamon for percentage of E.coli detection on carcass and cecal Ecoli population. all studied indices. According to results of this study, continuous consumption of 0.5 percent of thyme can improve hygienic quality in broiler chickens while this effect not expected for cinnamon.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of six different medicinal plants on humoral immune system performance of broiler chickens. 420 one-day-old male broilers (308 Ross strain) were used in a completely randomized design in 7 treatments and three replicates (20 birds per replicate) for 42 days. The treatment groups consisted of a control(Group1) assigned to the basal diet and experimental groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 were basal diet supplemented with 1% Mentha pulegium L., 1% Thymus vulgaris, 1% Cicorium intibus, 1% Satureja hortensis, 1% Malva neglecta and 1% Urtica dioica of aerial parts powder in the feedstuff, respectively. B1 Newcastle vaccine was used in all groups of broilers at 10 and 25 days of age. Two birds from each replicate (6 birds from each group, totally)were randomly chosen and blood sample was taken on the 24th and 34th days of experimental period and Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test was performed on sera and the heterophil: lymphocyte ratio was calculated. Regarding HI test (Antibody levels against Newcastle virus vaccine), it didn’t show statistical significance in different treatment groups. Regarding heterophil: lymphocyte ratio, only the group that had received 1% Urtica dioica showed statistical significance in comparison with control group (P

Ornamental labyrinth fish have high disease resistance, beauty, high diversity and are peaceful and highly adapted with other fish.  In this study, 210 pieces of gold gourami fish (Trichogaster trichopterus) with average weight 5 ± 0.5 gr were used in three treatments with three replications. Fish were fed by Malva neglecta and Coriandrum sativum in 2, 4, and 6% of body weight for 60 days in different aquariums. Physicochemical properties of water include temperature; dissolved oxygen and pH were daily measured. The experiment was performed randomly and the statistical analysis tests were Two-way variance analysis and Scheffe's multiple comparison test. The results showed that the samples were fed with Malva neglecta had the highest growth but there was no significant difference between the treatment of Malva neglecta and Coriandrum sativum (P>0.05). The average weight of the samples which were fed by Malva neglecta and Coriandrum sativum had significant difference with control group (P<0.05).

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of citric acid and medicinal plants on growth performance، humeral immunity، serum proteins and intestinal microbial population in broilers. A total number of 225 Ross 308 (one-day old) broiler chickens were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 6 replicates of 3 chicks each. Treatments including: 1- basal diet (without any additives)، 2- basal diet + medicinal plants in equal mounts (0. 5%)، 3- basal diet +medicinal plants in equal mounts (0. 5%) + 0. 5% citric acid، 4- basal diet + 0. 5 % fenugreek + 0. 5 % citric acid، 5- basal diet + 0. 5% fennel + 0. 5% citric acid. Feed intake was significantly higher in treatment 5 compared to control and FCR was significantly higher in treatment 5 and 2 compared to treatment 3 and 4 (P< 0. 05). Total serum protein levels were higher in treatment 2 than in treatment 1 (P< 0. 05). Albumin / globulin ratio was significantly higher in treatment 3 and 4 compared to other treatments. The results indicated that the overall use of fennel and fenugreek plants and citric acid had satisfactory effects on growth and performance of broiler chickens.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different mixtures of peppermint, thyme and saturea medicinal plants on performance, egg quality and blood biochemical and immunity parameters of laying hens. Experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 192 of laying hens in 4 treatments and 4 replicates (with 12 hen in each replicate) for 12 weeks and included: control group without using any medicinal plants, group 2 using 2% of medicinal plants (50% of peppermint, 25% thyme and 25% of saturea), group 3 (25% of peppermint, 50% thyme and 25% of sature) and group 4 (25% of pepermint, 25% thyme and 50% of sature). Results showed that the use of different medicinal plants mixture has significant effects on performance, biochemical parameters, percent of heterophils and ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes (p

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of four medicinal plants with antibacterial property on immune system and ileum bacteria population of broiler chicks. A total 336 day-old male Ross broiler chicks were used in a CRD design with 6 treatments and 4 replicates per each treatment. Cuminum L، Mentha piperita L، Achillea L، Teucrium polium L، in levels of 1. 5، 0. 3، 0. 2 and 0. 2 percent، respectively. Two treatments with and without antibiotic were considered as control groups. At the fifth week of experimental period، two birds were bled for investigating the immune system activity. Also at the end of experiment، three birds from each pen were slaughtered to determine ileum bacteria population. Medicinal plants had no significant effects on the antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus، but heterophils increased significantly in birds fed diets containing Achillea L. (P < 0. 05). Effect of antibiotic on enhancement of heterophils was significant. Also، the usage of medicinal plants particularly Mentha piperita L. diets significantly reduced clostridium concentration in ileum، (P<0. 05). Diets containing Achillea L، and Teucrium polium L reduced bifidobacterium. But control and antibiotic treatment increased bifidobacterium. Results of this study have showed that various herbs have different effects on broiler system immune and ileal bacteria population. Mentha piperita L and Achillea L can be used to control clostridia infections in gastro intestinal tract and to support immune system in broiler chicks، respectivily.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of using of probiotic, organic acid and blends of some medicinal herbs on performance, egg quality, blood biochemical and immunity parameters of laying hens. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with one hundred and ninety two of Hy-Line (W36) laying hens from 37 to 49 weeks of age. There were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments with 4 replicates and 12 hens in each replicate. The treatments included: 1) control group 2) using 0.005 % of probiotic (Protexin®), 3) using 0.2% of propionic acid and treatment 4) using blends of medicinal herbs (zizaphora, Menta pulagum, peppermint and nettle. The results showed that there were some significant difference in performance and egg quality between experimental groups (p>0.05). The highest amount of egg mass production (51.38g), and the best value of feed conversion (2.04)), were observed in experiment group 3. Whereas the best yolk color index (4.5) was observed in experiment group 4. There were not observed any significantly difference between experimental groups in blood biochemical and immunity parameters. With consideration in obtained results in laying hens using probiotic, organic acid and blends of some medicinal herbs have positive effects on performance and egg yolk color.