Urban programs and projects are the latest chain in urban development plans. Integrated and systematic management of urban programs and projects sets, while improving the efficiency of urban resources also results in the effectiveness and efficiency of urban development plans. Studying on policy, planning, implementation and monitoring urban programs and projects and presenting an appropriate pattern is the requirements of urban management. Project portfolio management is a new approach based on the knowledge of project management that emphasizes for the better efficiency of programs and projects in project-based organizations. The main components of project portfolio management include a process framework, decision criteria, methods and models of choosing the project portfolio that deciding on definition of project portfolio management framework (process model) and categorizing effective indexes and sub-indexes in selecting portfolios are its main and influential stages. This study in terms of objective, is an applied research, and in terms of data collection is a descriptive - scrolling one. According to the article findings a framework (process model) for integrated management of urban projects is consisted of a three –section: Strategic recognition, Urban project portfolio management and Essential and complementary infrastructure for project portfolio management. In order to select urban projects portfolio, decision criteria separately were recognized and classified into eight groups which include technical, financial, social, economic, environmental, risk, organizational and competitiveness.

Success of project-oriented organization and its future depends to achievement of goals of its projects. Alignment of projects to organization’s goals and roadmap and best selection of them with respect to limited resource is the main challenge of these organizations. Weighting of project prioritization indexes is based on politics that should support the all of organization's goals. There are tradeoff and conflict between politics and because of inherent delay in system, the result of implementation of them will be appeared in future. So we should simulate the result of implementation of politics to foresight the result of organization by best selection of projects. We use system dynamics approach to simulate and analyze implementation of politics of project portfolio management by VENSIM software. We used experts to approve the structure of model and relation between factors. These experts are from all of organization sections to all aspect of project portfolio management. For validation of simulation result compare the historical data with result of model for some of key variables. In this research we simulate the policies of project selection in a system dynamics model and the key variable and leverage factor of R&D project portfolio management system will be recognized based on analyzing the result of simulation and then we propose a model that we can achieve the best of organization goals.

All Organization face with important issues like objectives, constraints, priorities, policies, opportunities and threats that should be considered in all the key decisions. One of the most important and difficult decisions in organizations, is the project portfolio selection. Companies with high technical capablities and financial resources are often limited in running a set of projects that are competing to attract these scarce resources under the same management,. In today's changing world, survival and continued growth of successful companies depends on developing and manufacturing new products and services; as a result, Project Portfolio Selection(sepecially R&D Projects) is critical and necessary for the survival of its business of enterprises. The main problems in the R&D Portfolio selection process can be found in the large number of qualitative and quantitative goals that are often incompatible, projects interdependency, the inconsistency in the amount of resources available and in use, experience and preferences of managers and decision makers to balance the risk and the timing of projects and the delivery time, etc. In this article a conceptual model with the disctinction of taking the integration of knowledge and intellectual capital into account is presented. TOPSIS method is used to obtain final ranking of R&D Projects. For verifying the proposed model a case study is performed to select the best R&D Project Portfolio for an International LCSI in Iran. The results of the case study that satisfactorily validates the outcome of the model is presented.

The increasing growth of the scope and depth of scientific activities on the one hand and resource constraints on the other have made priority-setting an essential requirement in science, technology and innovation policy. In this context, decisions regarding basic research would be more complicated because of their specific characteristics including high uncertainty and unpredictability of the resulting benefits, and -as a consequence- the impossibility of cost-benefit analysis as the primary logic of priority-setting. This paper assumes that a national institution in Iran with a defined budget to support basic research in natural sciences must select a number of research proposals to support. The research question is how to do this. In order to answer this question and based on design science research methodology, via a systematic review of the knowledge base, the conceptual model of prioritizing basic research was formulated based on the framework for solving the problem of "R&D project portfolio selection" and "challenges of basic research priority-setting". Then, via answering these challenges, a process model was prescribed to answer the research question. In this model, after evaluating each proposal, the best set is selected by means of zero-one mathematical programming with the aim of maximizing the attractiveness of the set observing budget constraints, discipline and geographical distribution, type of research and justice. Validation of the proposed model was done through computer simulation of the mathematical model, as well as qualitative survey over  experts' opinions to validate the general logic of the model.

The purpose of this study is to remind people that human capital is the main factor in the progress of work along with other assets and physical capital, because human resources are instinctively more motivated if their basic needs are met and lead to better management efficiency. Organizes the affairs of the organization and over time determines individual and organizational progress, the brilliance of human resources causes the growth of the organization. As many thinkers, including Abraham Maslow, have argued, "Self-fulfilling prophecies are those whose basic needs have been met and who are now motivated by higher needs." As a result, Kamerva can create enough motivation in himself and take effective and diligent steps to align individual and organizational goals.

آزمایشات صحرایی به منظور تعیین آستانه ی زیان اقتصادی برای سم پاشی flubendiamide علیه جوانه خوار و میوه خوار بادمجان انجام گرفت. این سم بر اساس ده آستانه، شامل 2% آلودگی جوانه، 5% آلودگی جوانه، اولین میوه دهی + 2% آلودگی میوه، اولین میوه دهی + 5% آلودگی میوه، 2% آلودگی میوه، 5% آلودگی میوه، 2% آلودگی جوانه + 2% آلودگی میوه، 5% آلودگی جوانه + 2% آلودگی میوه، 5% آلودگی جوانه + 5% آلودگی میوه و سم پاشی در فواصل زمانی هفت روز، مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. سم به کاررفته در آستانه ی 2% آلودگی جوانه + 2% آلودگی میوه، بالاترین درصد کاهش آلودگی روی جوانه (46/87%) و میوه (43/81%) را نسبت به شاهد نشان داد و هم چنین بالاترین محصول سالم (26/13 تن در هکتار) و مجموع محصول بادمجان (77/13 تن در هکتار) را تولید کرد. برای آستانه ی 5% آلودگی میوه، نتایج مشابهی به دست آمد. بالاترین نسبت سود به هزینه (BCR) (45/7) با کاربرد flubendiamide در آستانه ی 5% آلودگی میوه با 8 بار سم پاشی و پایین ترین آن (84/1) با انجام 16 بار سم پاشی هفتگی حاصل شد. کاربرد این سم در آستانه ی 2% آلودگی جوانه + 2% آلودگی میوه، دارای BCR به میزان 92/2 با بالاترین دفعات سم پاشی (19 بار) بود. با در نظر گرفتن دفعات سم پاشی، تولید بازار پسند بادمجان و هم چنین BCR، آستانه ی 5% آلودگی میوه به عنوان آستانه ی زیان اقتصادی سم پاشی flubendiamide برای مدیریت آفت جوانه خوار و میوه خوار بادمجان تعیین گردید.

گردشگری به عنوان بزرگترین و پیچیده ترین صنعت دنیا محسوب می گردد. تنوع ابعاد و پیچیدگی های صنعت گردشگری متناسب با مناطق جغرافیایی، زمینه های ویژه ای جهت برنامه ریزی و مدیریت گردشگری می طلبد. گردشگری از طریق ایجاد شغل و کسب درآمد می تواند مناطقی را که استعداد گردشگری را دارد به عنوان یکی از عناصر کلیدی توسعه مطر ح نماید. در میان شهرهای مختلف کشور، شهر خرم آباد به سبب قدمت تاریخی، شمار فراوان جاذبه ها و نیز تنوع در آن ها از شهر های بارز کشور به شمار می آید. محله باباطاهر به سبب داشتن آثار تاریخی متعددی ازجمله مجاورت با قلعه فلک الافلاک، بازار میرزا سید رضا، مقبره باباطاهر، چند خانه تاریخی، حمام باشی، میدان گپ، حمام گپ و… قابلیت های زیادی را برای تبدیل به قطب مهمی از گردشگری را دارد. لذا هدف اصلی این تحقیق، تحلیل و ارزیابی قابلیت های توسعه صنعت گردشگری بافت تاریخی خرم آباد (محله باباطاهر) می باشد. روش تحقیق در پژوهش حاضر، توصیفی – تحلیلی و از نوع تحقیقات پژوهشی- کاربردی می باشد. نتایج به دست آمده در مدل تحلیل سلسله مراتبی AHP نشان می دهد که جاذبه های تاریخی- فرهنگی با ضریب (656/0) ، زیرساخت ها با ضریب (185/0) و تسهیلات و خدمات با ضریب (156/0) به ترتیب اهمیت بالاترین نمره را به خود اختصاص داده اند. نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی ماتریس SWOT نشان می دهد که بزرگ ترین عدد به دست آمده مربوط به os که نقاط فرصت و قوت پروژه می باشد که باید "استراتژی تهاجمی " اتخاذ شود ، در این استژاتژی os {حداکثر- حداکثر} می باشد که باید با بهره گیری از نقاط قوت از فرصت های موجود نهایت استفاده را کرد.

Project-oriented organizations are one of the emerging organizational forms that are formed around projects and teams. These organizations have dynamic boundaries and fields of works, in which the number and size of projects of the organization are constantly changing. In this regard, the managers of these organizations are always faced with the issue of choosing the higher economic justification projects for their organizations, as well as, resource management (including resource leveling and resources allocation) for the selected projects. In this research, a mathematical model of renewable and non-renewable resource management for self-financing project-oriented organizations is presented. This means that financing of the selected projects within the organization is limited to the initial capital and the incomes of the completed projects. In this regard, the project portfolio theory is used to solve the problem of the selection and scheduling of the projects within the project-oriented organization considering the limitation of renewable and non-renewable resources, the existence of a prerequisite relationship between project activities, the time value of capital for financial resources and finally the application of reinvestment strategy. The multi-objective function maximizes the net present value of the investment as well as minimizes the amount of the idle renewable resources. The modeling is a mixed integer programming and after linearization of the model, the LP-metric method is used to solve the multi-objective function, and finally the results are examined on a numerical example.

Mass attendance of football spectators and the lack of smart and up-to-date control procedures have led to formation and intensification of emotions and abnormal reactions in some spectators. In such circumstances, given the key role of law enforcement in holding sports competitions, the present study pays attention to Investigating the Law enforcement management in establishing order and security of football matches in Iran.

The present study is a developmental-applied research based on a qualitative approach, which was done within the framework of thematic analysis method. Participants were included 30 people from academic professors, experts and research-related specialists, who were selected based on purposeful criterion sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and focus groups, and were analyzed using MAXQDA software.

From 255 pages of interview text were extracted 1086 codes, in the form of 157 basic themes. Then, it was merged themes that had the same concepts and was formed 16 organizing themes within the framework of 4 main themes (1- Information management; 2- Communication management; 3- Resource management; and 4- Operations management).

To create an environment free of any tensions and conflicts and security threats, it is necessary to law enforcement with constructive cooperation and communication with other organizations and institutions, based on awareness, using smart control devices instead of person-centered, information intelligence and organizational resource management, to manage its support-operational measures with an emphasis on the principle of prevention and anticipation. So that, the society can benefit from the achievements of this sport, including strengthening national solidarity, creating a spirit of vitality and happiness.

Applying green management in government organizations, in addition to creating a model for other sectors, will reduce energy consumption and generate less waste and move towards sustainable development. This study was conducted to investigate the status of green management in the governorate and its affiliated units. The research methodology is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study included Ilam Governor's Office and 11 organizational units under it. The data collection tool in this study was a questionnaire based on the "Green Office Checklist" and Based on article 38 of the Sixth Economic and Social Development Plan of the country, it was compiled in 9 sections of energy management, water, waste, purchase, procurement, paper, transportation, sound and air. The apparent and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on the panel of experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by retesting method. Examination of the general status of each of the green management checklists in the organizational units affiliated to Ilam Governorate showed that Status of procurement, paper and air management components are at the highest level of green management (excellent level) and energy, waste, water, transportation, sound and purchasing components are at the good level of green management. The study of the general situation of green management in the organizational units of the Ilam governorate also showed that the governorates of Malekshahi, Abdanan and Ilam are in the highest status of green management. Because the governorate of Ilam at the provincial level and the governorates at the city level have a governing position and how they deal with the components of green management can be modeled for other organizations and enforcement agencies, It is suggested that considering the results of this research, the necessary planning be done for the optimal establishment of green management in all units of the governorate.