This research studies Iranian children's understanding of the meaning of conceptual signs and icons existing in the user interface of the International Children's Digital Library (ICDL) in order to evaluate the suitability of the user interface of this library for Iranian children. The research method is mainly qualitative; however, quantitative method is also used to answer some of the research questions. The research population consists of 20 children aged between 7 and 11 years. The research findings showed that all of the conceptual elements of the English user interface are inappropriate for the use of Iranian children. Furthermore, according to the findings, none of the icons were evaluated as suitable from the viewpoint of the studied children. The research findings also indicate that the Persian user interface has facilitated the children's understanding of the meaning of conceptual signs existing in the interface of the International Children's Digital Library. Using the findings of this study, suitable user interfaces may be designed for children considering the differences in their culture and language.

Evaluation of Children National Library of Iran user interface from the perspective of children’s perception. It’s a survey using a self-designed questionnaire. The Cronbach Alpha was measured 86%. The population consists of 96 children aged 7 to 14 and purposive sampling was used. The user interface matches children’s perception. Children’s perception of user interface differs in different age groups. There is no relationship between children’s evaluation of user interface and their parents’ education level. However, there is a significant correlation between children’s knowledge of Internet, visiting library and their evaluation of user interface. Also, there seems to be no significant difference between male and female perception of user interface.

random sample of 192 male and female elementary school students, grades 1 – 3, were chosen to study the development of problem solving strategies using the Test of Individual Differences in Children’s Addition Strategy Choices. The results of the study were consistent with the basic assumption of Adaptive Strategy Choice Model (ASCM) and revealed that Iranian children also used multiple strategies to solve simple addition problems. As children became older and acquired more experience in problem solving, they discovered new strategies, the accuracy and speed with which each strategy was executed increased. In addition, retrieved answers to problems from long- term memory came to be used more and the relative frequencies of the use of backup strategies varied. No significant differences were found between boys and girls in speed, accuracy and strategy use. Although the results indicate that the pattern of strategic development in Iranian children is similar to the pattern of children in other countries, the results also reveal that Iranian children differed considerably in the distribution of strategy choices.

Private speech، which occurs when children play and/or perform tasks، is considered to be one of the most important functions which can illuminate the relation between thought and language. The aim of the present study was to examine private speech among Iranian children while they were involved in the tower of London (TOL) task. The questions of the study included: 1) Do Iranian preschoolers talk to themselves when performing a task? 2) Is there any relationship between private speech and performance of children? 3) Do children talk to themselves more when they encounter a difficult task than an easy task? To find answers to the research questions، 32 five year-old children participated in the study and performed the TOL task while their performance and talks were videotaped and later coded. Results showed that children were more involved in social than in private speech. Nevertheless، their performance in TOL was positively related to their private speech. The results of the study showed that the difficulty level of the task did not have any relationship with the level of private speech produced by children even though some evidence indicating that difficultly level of the task might lead to more private speech could be inferred. The findings of the study imply that awareness-raising among teachers and parents regarding the role of private speech in the process of children’s language development should be emphasized.

The devastating Iran - Iraq war was the longest war of the 20 century, that also affected Iranian children from Sep 1980 to August 1988, suffering immediate or subsequent physical, mental, sociological and economic impacts. The focus of this paper is children’s victimisation as there are thousands of them killed, injured, captured as prisoners of war, acts that all are now categorised as grave violations of children rights during armed conflicts by the UN. To highlight the extent of these violations and their con-sequences, this study investigate ‘war of cities’ with missile attacks on Iranian cities, schools and hospital.  Despite existence legal framework for protection the children in International Humanitarian Law and other documents, United Nations failed to positive action to protect them even as a moral imperative. Study will also recount stories of children affected by chemical weapons and remaining mines in western Iran, that still killing them.

De nos jours, les communications ont un rôle important dans la vie, c’est pourquoi l'apprentissage d'une nouvelle langue étrangère, comme le français, est considéré comme un atout. Selon les dernières recherches, il est préférable de commencer à apprendre une langue étrangère dès l'enfance. Dans l'enseignement de la langue aux enfants, il est essentiel que les enseignants fournissent un environnement dans lequel les enfants peuvent s’intéresser à l'apprentissage de la langue. Notre recherche vise à évaluer le rôle des styles d'apprentissage dans l'enseignement de la langue française aux enfants iraniens du niveau A1. La problématique est la suivante : « Comment les enseignants du FLE, diplômés de la langue française ou maîtrisant cette langue, prennent-ils en compte les styles d'apprentissage spécifiques des enfants iraniens dans leur enseignement du français ?» Pour répondre à la problématique, nous avons préparé un questionnaire en ligne et nous l’avons distribué parmi 13 enseignants du FLE provenant de l'école primaire privée "Bamdad Parsi" et de l'institut "Iranmehr". A partir des conclusions, nous comprenons que le style d'apprentissage dominant de la plupart des enfants est visuel et kinesthésique. Les enseignants préparent et mettent en œuvre des activités didactiques qui leur conviennent. Dans des cours collectifs à effectifs nombreux, les enseignants conçoivent plus leurs activités didactiques en se basant sur trois styles d’apprentissage (visuel, kinesthésique, auditif).

To recognize Iranian children's search behavior and their technology and subject needs and expectations from the International Children Digital Library (ICDL). Persian books of ICDL were selected.
Qualitative approach and exploratory case study were employed. 16 children and young adults’ members of Children Book Council (CBC) and Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults were observed and interviewed.
Although Persian books numbers are the second at the ICDL, Iranian children and young adults still require a more profound collection with easy and fact access. This collection needs to have Persian resources in preferred subjects and different formats.
ICDL must develop its Persian collection to satisfy Iranian children. In this regard enriching the Persian collection and merging with Database for Children's Culture and Literature of Iran (DCLI) is recommended.

All children have a right to benefit from health facilities, goods and services and be protected from physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, and neglect or maltreatment. Some groups of children need special support to enjoy their rights. The aim of this paper is to review Iran’s laws and policies on the protection of children’s right to health. The method of this descriptive and analytical study was content analysis of international and national law and reports related to children’s right to health and the current situation of Iranian children. The data was collected from academic literature and official webpages of United Nations and Iranian government’s organizations. Realizing citizens’ right to health and protection, Iran’s laws respect the right of vulnerable groups of children to special support. Moreover, to protect Iranian children from health risks and maltreatment, there are several deterrent laws. Iranian laws on children often are consistent with international human rights laws.  However, not all of them are adequately and completely implemented. To promote the health of children, weaknesses in the implementation of laws should be identified and removed.

Children's health, preserving and promoting it is a health priority of any society. Malnutrition affects all age groups, but malnutrition in children is one of the most common nutritional problems that can delay body growth, shortened height, frequent infections, mental retardation, the prevalence of mental disorders, lack of academic achievement and reduced efficacy. Because of the importance and impact of this issue in children, the purpose of this study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of underweight in Iranian children, in order to highlight the importance of this issue to health policy-makers.
A meta-analysis was performed for relevant articles in scientific databases including Scientific Information Database (SID), ScienceDirect, PubMed and Google Scholar. Entrance criteria included cross-sectional studies (March 1996 to February 2017) that had a low incidence of underweight in Iranian children in different parts of Iran. Non-relevant articles included review articles, interventions, cohorts and case studies, and studies that looked at obesity, overweight and the relationship between these factors and other diseases, excluded from the study list. Reference lists of identified articles were reviewed for additional articles. Heterogeneity of study was checked using I2 index and the possibility of publication bias by funnel plot and Begg and Mazumdar's rank correlation test and a significance level of 0.1. Data were analyzed using the comprehensive meta-analysis software, version 3 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ, USA).
In 26 articles reviewed in the study, total number of participants was 142938 persons at the age of 1 month to 12 years. The overall prevalence of underweight in Iranian children was 15.5% (Cl 95%: 12%-19.7%) during 1996 to 2017. The highest prevalence of underweight in was recorded in Birjand city in 2006 and Zahedan city in 2009, 68.6% (Cl 95%: 63.3%-72.9%) and the lowest prevalence of underweight in was found in city of Jahrom in 2013, 1.8% (Cl 95%: 1.2%-2.9%).
According to the results of this study, the prevalence of low-birth-weight in the country is high and requires interventional measures.

The main topic in the social construction of childhood is the category of control and discipline. The school - along with other child control institutions - shapes the child's order, understanding and learning, maturity and development, skills and control, and the regulation of the child's imagination and mind through its designs and settings. The present article intends to reflect narratives of Iranian cinema in which Iranian children have been exposed to specific methods of control as a basic micropolitical tool of power and how these methods have evolved. The hypothesis of the article is that according to the cinematic narratives of the changes of discipline and power in school, the micropolitics of power in this institution has gone through three stages of resistance against discipline, legitimization of discipline and finally Dominance of discipline. In this study, using the genealogical method of Foucault and descriptive-analytical method, the reflection of Iranian children in school in three selected films from the decades after the Islamic Revolution, has been examined from the micropolitical perspective of power.