One of the duties of the Chief Justice of Iran by virtue of the second paragraph of Article 158 of the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran is "Drafting judicial bills appropriate for the Islamic Republic". Article 47 of the Constitution has obliged the passage of the legal bills through the Cabinet to the Parliament. One of the controversial issues in this area is the possibility of judicial bills being sent directly by the head of the judiciary to Parliament.  This paper, with a descriptive – analytical approach, and to illuminate the goal of the Constitution, has scrutinized the definition of the word "Bill" and with reference to the principle of the separation of powers and some ideas stated by the Guardian Council, has reviews the authority of the Chief Justice of Iran to send judicial bills directly to the parliament.

This research is intended to identify the dimensions and components of the competencies of the chief justices in Iran. This is a mixed research. In the qualitative phase, the sample is selected purposively through snowball method containing 21 judges and experts of the Iranian judiciary who participated in the interviews. Data analysis is performed by qualitative content-analysis method. Purposeful and snowball sampling was used in the qualitative part of the research. Finally, 21 law experts were interviewed. Content analysis method was used to analyze the interviews, while a questionnaire and structural equation analysis were used in the quantitative part through random sampling. The findings of the qualitative section illustrated that the main components of chief justices contain individual competencies, judicial competencies, managerial competencies, and extra-organizational competencies. Moreover, the quantitative results of the study demonstrated that the sub-variables of the study were classified in terms of importance as follows: intelligence, judiciary intuition, perceptual skills, control of the environment, courage, judicial knowledge, strategic thinking, seeking excellence, negotiation and communication skills, targeting, knowledge of law, management of political behavior, environmental awareness, chastity, social capital, meritocracy, ethics, step-by-step appointment, order and fairness, commitment and justice, faire citizenship behavior, supervision and control, judicial ethics, modeling and planning.

In Article92 of the Law on the organization and Procedure of Administrative Justice Court,a new executive guarantee has been foreseen to ensure the superiority of Administrative Justice Court as a judicial authority administrative agencies;a new legal measure to strengthen the mandatory nature of General Boardchr('39')s decisions in order to ensure the principle of the rule of law on the Administration as ‌well as reduction of similar complaints in the Court and the reduction of executive problems caused by adoption of similar regulations that violate provisions of the issued decisions.According to this article,if administrative authorities adopt regulations that are in contradiction with General Boardchr('39')s decision and same regulations as those previously denounced by the General board,they will be dealt with less rules of procedures for annulment request of new regulations.Exploring in the decisions issued by General Board of  Court in exercising this article,raises ambiguities and challenges regarding manner of applying and referencing to Article92.The broad interpretation of General Board by the term "relevant authorities",procedural agitation of the Chief Justice of the Court in referring a complaint from new regulation to the Specialized Board,and non-retroacting of revocationchr('39')s effect of new regulations since the adoption of ratifying,were the main findings of this study.

With the fall of the Sasanian Dynasty in Iran, the Islamic system of law gradually replaced the Zoroastrian legal order. One of the major motives for Iranians to accept Islam was the new religion's emphasis on judgement among the people in Medina himself, but for distant places he sent one of his Companions to conduct trials and settle disputes. In the period of the Rashidin (Guided) Kbalifahs, the judicial power was separated from the executive power both becoming independent. From the beginning of Umayyad period to the early Abbasid rule, the judiciary in the Muslim World, including Iran, was decentralized. Later the influence of Iranian civilization, the organization of the judicial system was changed into a centralized one; and the position of Gahadhi - al Ghudhat (chief justice) that was equal to the position of Magaput of magi (chief magus) in the Sasanian Persia was created to supervise and oversee the judicial function throughout the Abbasid realm. This judicial system, which was based on the Sunni schools of law in both form and content, survived until the fall of the Abbasid Dynasty at the hands of Hulegu.

Judging from the positions that the first caliph was the following tasks and gradually be delegated to others. But despite the Abbasid caliphs were seeking justice delegated to others, as well as its religious position for their own political gain. The Ottoman sultans claimed Islamic News hence were required to lay the foundation for the rule of law with leaven. As a result of this approach, judges, law enforcement in the body as an arm of the state government had a unique role. This study attempted to analytical method, according to historical sources, the political status of the judges during the Abbasid and Ottoman period as compared to the comparative. The results suggest that Abbasid created position of chief justice and the independence of the judiciary and the Ottoman Sultans Court by creating the post of chaplain and the organization of the judicial system with the school system, promote political position were judges.

On October 7، 2009 a silk prayer rug from Safavid era was introduced and sold in London Sotheby’s auction. This prayer rug is known as the second highest-price rug which has been sold in this international auction. In the auction catalogue،this prayer rug has cautiously been dated back to Shah Abbas I period. Nonetheless، reviewing the text of this prayer rug and its textual and artistic signs and evaluating them against historical documents reveal other facts. This article studies the characteristics of this prayer rug and reviews its textual and artistic signs. Moreover، it introducesthe reason and socio-political background which resulted in its knitting. The result of this article reveals that this prayer rug had been knitted upon the order of MirzaMakhdumSharifi، the minister of Shah Ismail II، and it speaks of his seeking refuge to Ottoman Empire and his appointment as the Mecca’s Chief Justice.

The Procedures of Family Courts, with emphasis o n the Code o f Support from Family enacte d in 1391New Code of Support from Family enacted in 1391/12/1 is Ori gin of new developments in family disputes . One of these developments is anticipation of the new regula tions regarding the claims procedure o f this actions . This code has enacted Specific provisions on di fferent stages o f the Family litigation, proceedings , Sentencing , Execution of sentence, that did not exist in previous rules . Non necessity to observance of Procedural formalities , The interim injunction without having t o paying probable damages and Confirmation of the Chief Justice and Recurrence of Sentenced are Among the new provisions of this code . In this article, Innovations of New Code of Su pport from Fa mily in the field of procedure of family claims is explained .

Judicial and arbitration, including important social issues that are often hidden from the eyes of historians. In the sixth and seventh centuries AD, the Court took judicial mechanism to a certain ratio.The Abbasid period saw conflict with other emerging powers and upset the balance of power in the Muslim world that it would affect the judiciary.The main focus of his research is to investigate the structure of the judiciary in the last two centuries of rule-centered Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad's center. After the study the structure and the structure of the judiciary and judiciary to judge the characteristics of those who escorted the judge hearing has been And then the relationship between the judiciary and political developments Abbasid caliphate and its impact on the judicial review takes place. The research seeks to descriptive - analytic method and library studies on the issue.

Based on current demographic, Muslims represent close to 1.7 million which constitutes about 24% of the world population. About sixty seven percent of them are above 15 years of age and is probably fasting during the month of Ramadan. Therefore more than 1.1 billion Muslims are fasting in this year of Ramadan, because it is obligatory for adult Muslims to abstinence from food, fluids and sexual activity during the day time in this month. Due to changes in eating habit and sleeping timings, physiological changes could occur in fasting person. Recently many clinical and observational studies have been conducted all over world to observe those changes.Studies are being published and outcomes are being presented international conferences. Few international conferences have been organized to gather the scientists involved in such studies. We are pleased to organize this important conference, under the guidance of Prof. Syed Muhammad Tariq Rafi, Patron-in-Chief of the Conference and Vice Chancellor of Jinnah Sindh Medical University, to share and learn from the experiences of international delegates who will be participating in this event.This conference will be held on Friday - Sunday, 9th - 11th October 2015, corresponding 26th – 28th Dhul Hijjah 1436 H, at Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.The theme of the conference is ‘Ramadan leading to better life’. This event will be jointly organized by three institutions of Karachi, namely; Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology and Sir Syed Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology. This conference will also focus on the scientific evidence towards the impact of Ramadan fasting on human health.Speakers from Malaysia (Prof. Mafauzy Mohamed), Turkey (Abdul Bari Bener), Iran (Prof. Fereidoun Azizi and Dr. Mohsen Nemati), United Arab Emirates (Mohamed Hassanein), Egypt (Prof. Adel A El-Sayed) and Saudi Arabia (Prof. Khalid Al-Tayeb) have already consented to participate.The inauguration session will be held in the evening of Friday, 9th October 2015. Prof. Mukhtar Ahmed, Chairman Higher Education Commission, Islamabad; and Mufti Muhmmad Taqi Usmani, Ex-Chief Justice, Sharia Court of Pakistan have consented to be Chief Guest and Guest of Honor, respectively for this Conference. The scientific sessions will be held on Saturday-Sunday, 10th - 11th October, 2015. They will be comprised of five sessions: three will be assigned for the ‘Diabetes and Endocrinology’ and two will be allotted for ‘other than diabetes’. The diseases ‘other than diabetes’ will cover Cardiovascular, Nephrology, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stroke, Gastroenterology, Pulmonolgy, Hepatology, Dentistry, Heat Stroke and Sports Medicine.Weather of Karachi will be very pleasant in the month of October. We cordially invite all the interested delegates to come to Karachi and attend this important International Conference.

The Reasons of Foundation of Local Dynasty of Al-e-Mazeh in BukharaIn the year 482 AH the dynasty of Qarakhanid (Al-e-Afrasiyab) that had governed the Mesopotamia since 395 AH، had no way except obeying Sultan Malek Shah Seljuki (465-485AH). At the time that Sultan Sanjar Seljuki (511-552 AH) was the governor of Khorasan (490-511 AH)، first he gave the government of Samarqand to his nephew، Mohammad Arsalan Khan (whose father was from the dynasty of Qarakhanid)، and after some time he gave the position of chief justice and the city''s highest religious authority، along with the head (top) of Bukhara، to brother of his wife، who was a prominent cleric named Abdul Aziz ibn Umar ibn Mazeh. Since mentioned positions were hereditary in the family of Abdul Aziz ibn Umar ibn Mazeh، local dynasties of Al-e-Mazeh (Al-e-Burhan) were established in Bukhara that lasted till the end of Kharazmshahiyan government (490-617 AH). In this study، based on authentic historical sources and studies، using descriptive – analytical method، after a quick look at the dynasty Qarakhanid and their relations with the Seljuk، firstly the different reasons of foundation of the dynasty of Al-e-Mazeh then objectives of Sanjar ibn Malekshah of that action has been studied. In conclusion، according to the data presented in the paper، concerning the dramatic ups and downs in relationships of Seljuks and Qarakhanids، in a general conclusion،the situation of Al-e-Mazeh dynasty in the relationship between the two mentioned governments are shown.