فهرست مطالب داریوش مطلبی

The purpose of the current research is to design a knowledge management system performance evaluation model in the software industry using a neural network. Based on the collected data, a quantitative study was conducted to confirm the findings obtained from the qualitative stage. For exploratory study and extraction of categories related to evaluation factors, the meta-combination method (Sandelowski and Barroso model) was used. The research method in the quantitative part is descriptive survey. The statistical population of the research was made up of all software developers and software experts in universities and companies.

7 main categories including individual factors, organizational factors, technology and infrastructure, functional factors, knowledge management tools, economic factors, knowledge management tools, and 29 sub-categories were identified. The innovation of the research is building a model using neural network algorithms that have the ability to predict the performance evaluation index of the knowledge management system and the impact of each of the indicators using a neural network in the field of software.Conclusion The results obtained from the questionnaire have been used for the input of the network model, the results showed that components such as technology infrastructure factors and functional factors have a greater impact on the evaluation of knowledge management performance in software development.

Literature Review:

in a research, they evaluated the performance of the knowledge management system in Iranian software companies. The results showed that the knowledge management system consists of 4 processes of identifying and creating, recording and maintaining, sharing and applying and internalizing knowledge. In a research, they designed a fuzzy inference system to evaluate the performance of the knowledge management system in the software development industry. The use of neural networks in evaluating the key factors of the knowledge management system in Iranian companies based in Alborz province was investigated. A research modeled an organizational knowledge management system based on artificial intelligence. Fuzzy theory was used to create knowledge extraction mechanism and reference model library from project model to dedicated reference model.

The method used in this research is a mixed research method of exploratory type with a qualitative approach and meta-composite and Delphi methods. In the first stage, the meta-composite method was used to identify the main and sub-categories of the indicators, and then the validation and presentation of the final indicators were done with the fuzzy Delphi method. The current research method is practical in terms of purpose. The sample size was selected by simple random sampling method with Cochran's formula of 186 people. In the meta-combination method of the research, library sources and documents including articles, reliable and referable internet sources, as well as domestic and foreign scientific reports were used. For exploratory study and extraction of categories related to evaluation factors, the meta-combination method (Sandelowski and Barroso model) was used. Factors and dimensions of knowledge management system evaluation for which indicators are considered were provided to 20 members and experts. The implementation of the Delphi panel was carried out in two periods. Fuzzy Delphi method was used to screen and identify the final indicators and to answer the first and second questions of the research regarding the agreement of the experts of the research community regarding the obtained components, which includes software experts and knowledge management experts. 7 main categories including individual factors, organizational factors, technology and infrastructure, functional factors, knowledge management tools, economic factors, and 29 sub-categories were identified.  In order to collect quantitative data, a researcher-made questionnaire (40 items) was used, the items of which were taken from the results of the meta-composite analysis in the first stage. In this research, in order to check the reliability of the research questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was estimated at 0.89 for infrastructure factors and 0.88 for functional factors, respectively.

 In this research, the performance of the knowledge management system was evaluated with a neural network approach. Examining the results showed that the following components affect the evaluation of knowledge management performance in the software development industry. 1. Individual factors 2. Economic factors 3. Organizational factors 4. Knowledge management processes 5. Functional factors 6. Technological infrastructure factors 7. Knowledge management tools

Solutions to improve the performance of knowledge management in the software development industry were presented: • Adjust the strategies in such a way that the creation of new knowledge, the application of new knowledge, its dissemination and sharing, and the storage and documentation of knowledge are explicitly considered. • Identifying influential people in the process of implementation and establishment of knowledge management, to improve the effective factors in the effective establishment of knowledge management more than in the past. • Developing procedures for documenting the experiences of experts in the software development industry on a continuous basis. • Managers and practitioners of the software industry should also consider parameters such as available budget, organizational culture, infrastructure, etc. • To provide the relevant managers and practitioners with a criterion for reviewing future policies and investments and help them make more appropriate decisions.

In this research, 29 primary indicators have been identified based on the research literature, which include: • Organizational culture for sharing and using knowledge • Organizational Structure • The physical environment • Organization strategy • Support of senior managers such as motivation and commitment • Supporting innovations and digital technologies • Specialized knowledge of software development • General knowledge in software development • Involvement of developers • Education • Being up-to-date in the fields of specialized software • Knowledge and awareness of the knowledge management system • Correct understanding of system design requirements • Portals and portals of knowledge such as the Internet and email and social networks • MIS, Expert, DSS systems • Data warehouse - knowledge warehouse • Search and recovery tools and dashboard • Data security • The degree of integration of organizational systems • Quality of knowledge • Document management • Data management and workflow • Process Management • Creation and acquisition of knowledge, transfer and sharing of knowledge • Acquisition and use of knowledge • Operating cost of the software • Cost of software support.

All efforts of business managers are to achieve productivity. In such a way that the need to increase productivity in organizations for more profitability is inevitable and every year a lot of money is spent on how to increase productivity and promote their business. One of the important and fundamental prerequisites for achieving a business model is its components and indicators in a standardized format. The changes that have come from the internet space have made knowledge flow and be exploited in a faster way in the departments of an organization. In the meantime the knowledge brokers can help to correct and improve the flow of knowledge and fill the information gap between producers and users of knowledge, thereby helping to increase the productivity of organizations and businesses.

Knowledge brokers provide the act of creating, sharing and using knowledge in an organization or between organizations. One of the ways to correct and improve the flow of knowledge is to use knowledge brokers who fill the gap between producers and knowledge users. The unique possibilities of the Internet have led to the emergence of a new form of business, which is now known as Internet business. These businesses have been created by entrepreneurial people with new ideas who have a creative and talented mind. Osterwalder's business model is known as the most common and broad business model canvas. This model is the provider of a common language for describing, visualizing, evaluating, and changing the business model. Productivity is called a method, a concept and an attitude about work and life, and in fact, they look at it as a culture and a worldview. Productivity is the effective and efficient use of inputs or resources for production by providing outputs. The background check shows that so far, many researches have been done in the field of knowledge brokers and internet businesses and the relationship between business and productivity inside and outside the country. On the other hand, studies show that many researches have been conducted abroad on the role and functions of knowledge brokers. This is despite the fact that none of them have analyzed the components and indicators of the internet business model for knowledge brokers with the approach of increasing productivity.

 The current research is applied in terms of purpose and mixed and exploratory in terms of approach. The research has been done in three stages: to identify the components and indicators of knowledge-based internet business for knowledge brokers using the meta-combination method, to determine the level of agreement of experts using the fuzzy Delphi method, and to determine the importance of each of the components and the calculated indicators were used using the survey-analytical method. In the first stage, the statistical population was 10,617 documents related to the research subject, out of which 65 documents were selected and studied further. In the second stage, in order to confirm the components and indicators calculated from the first stage, the fuzzy Delphi method and a questionnaire (with a 5-point Likert scale) were used in two stages. The statistical population in the second stage was 20 PhD graduates and subject specialists with more than 5 years of experience in the fields of knowledge management, technology management, and business. The snowball method was chosen and 10 of them responded to the questionnaire. In the third stage, in order to determine the priority and importance of the calculated components and indicators, a survey-analytical method was used. The statistical population of the research in the third stage was the number of 155 technology and knowledge brokers under the supervision of the Presidential Vice President for Science and Technology, Iran's National Fan Market and the Nano Technology Exchange Network, who were selected by census method.

 The results of data analysis show the number of 149 indicators under 30 components for Internet business for knowledge brokers in the form of nine components of Osterwalder's business model.

 The results show that knowledge brokers can create an information network between researchers by holding structured joint workshops in a client-oriented and problem-oriented manner, holding seminars and online webinars, etc., and establishing proper communication between the main customers of their business through virtual communication channels. Since the ultimate goal of designing a business model is to create sufficient value for customers, knowledge brokers can attract and retain their customers by providing value propositions such as facilitating decisions and policies through the acquired knowledge. Considering that every business model requires a number of key activities; knowledge brokers can provide their desired services to customers through key activities such as knowledge monitoring and evaluation, etc. One of the goals of every business and organization is to create partnerships with colleagues and key partners; based on this, knowledge brokers can achieve success in their business by establishing partnerships with influential investors, governmental and non-governmental supporting organizations, and influential governmental and non-governmental social organizations. The cost structure in any business is one of its main pillars and you should pay enough attention to its arrangement. This section usually contains two sections of fixed and variable costs. Knowledge brokers can manage the wages of human resources, administrative costs and provision of workplaces and the costs of providing equipment and depreciation in the fixed costs department and managing the wages of experts and researchers for sharing knowledge. Marketing, advertising and holding events and costs of development and maintenance of technology infrastructure in the variable costs department to achieve cost management in their business. The resources needed to run a successful business are called key resources. At first, it is believed that only the initial capital is enough to start a business, but the fact is that before starting any business, identifying key resources is of particular importance. Value proposition, communication with the customer, communication channels, how to communicate with the customer, making money, are all related to key resources. Knowledge brokers can start and maintain their business through key resources such as human, financial, physical and intellectual resources. In order to obtain profit, expenses must be deducted from income. In a business, if we consider the customer part as its heart, the income streams are the arteries of a business. Knowledge brokers through a variety of income models such as receiving commissions/fees from communicating between users and knowledge producers, advertising and receiving charges or royalties in providing consulting services and pricing mechanisms such as considering a base price for knowledge services, price dynamics based on the level of knowledge used and price dynamics based on advertisements, they can manage their business income flow.

 Since every business needs components and indicators to be implemented in the form of a business model, it shows the architecture of a company to create, market, deliver value and earn a stable and profitable income; statistics of internet business components and indicators for knowledge brokers can help to reduce the information gap between researchers, policymakers and decision-makers, governance structures and institutions and supply and demand sector structures and institutions and lead to an increase in interest and be successful in business.

Science and technology are the most critical infrastructures for the country's progress and essential tools for competition in various fields. Evaluation is at the core of all scientific efforts, which has become increasingly important with the proliferation of scientific publications. Evaluation is not a simple and transparent process; it is considered a delicate activity. The presence of multiple evaluation indicators to assess the value of scientific outputs in texts, databases, and scientific centers or publications has prompted a study of these three sources (texts, scientific networks, and experts) to establish integrated criteria for evaluating outputs in the scholarly publication ecosystem. Some scientific outputs, such as lectures, workshops, and scientific meetings, are often overlooked due to the absence of an integrated framework in the scholarly publication ecosystem. Additionally, only a few specific quantitative aspects, such as the impact factor, the number of citations, or the number of uses, are typically considered in the evaluation of scientific works. Moreover, evaluations are usually confined to a short timeframe. Identifying and categorizing these indicators within a framework can positively impact addressing these issues and establishing a continuous evaluation process for both pre and post-publication of scientific works. Therefore, the current research aims to identify comprehensive evaluation criteria in the scholarly publication ecosystem by taking into account texts, scholarly publication networks, and the perspectives of scientific publication experts.

Results from all three methods indicate that there are three key indicators and nine sub-indicators crucial for evaluating research outcomes within the Scientific Publishing System. These indicators are predominantly categorized based on form, type, and format. The triangulation method has introduced a conceptual framework of evaluation indicators in the scholarly publication ecosystem. Initially, a systematic review was conducted to extract evaluation criteria from 331 sources. Subsequently, to validate the extracted criteria and finalize the initial framework, the identified criteria were scrutinized across 12 scientific databases, and ultimately, it was endorsed by 30 domestic and international scholarly publication experts. The purposive sampling method was employed in all three studies.

Research shows that the ecosystem of scientific publication consists of various components, including experts, scientific centers, information media, subject areas, information, and knowledge systems, which require different indicators and methods. The data extracted from the systematic review in the field of evaluation were classified into three groups: form, type, and format. Evaluation forms include content, open, altmetric, and bibliographic evaluations (creative and source evaluation). However, some experts distinguish between bibliometric evaluation indicators and scientometric and informatics evaluation indicators, and most experts in different subject areas define all three categories as bibliographic evaluations. In the evaluation form, creators include individuals and scientific organizations such as universities. Open evaluation can refer to judging an output not just by a jury of experts but rather by a jury of anyone interested in the output. In other words, open evaluations are an ongoing post-publication process of transparent peer evaluation. Multiple paper evaluation functions freely defined by individuals or groups provide various perspectives on the scientific literature. Multiple paper evaluation functions alongside more diverse research evaluation criteria beyond traditional methods are emerging, and with these come a range of practical, ethical, and social factors to consider. Altmetric evaluations are a set of methods based on the social web that measure and monitor the reach and impact of scholarly output through online interactions. Simply, altmetrics are metrics beyond traditional citations. This evaluating form measures cite, like, view, reuse, discussion, bookmark, etc. The types of evaluations include quantitative, qualitative, and mixed evaluations. The form of evaluation also includes technical evaluation and non-technical evaluation (researcher-made evaluation, discussion-based evaluation). Technical evaluations are indicators that follow predefined procedures or repetitive processes to reach the result, while experts define non-technical evaluations according to specific situations and conditions.

The results of all three methods indicate that there are three key indicators and nine sub-indicators crucial for evaluating scientific output within the scholarly publication ecosystem. These indicators are predominantly grouped based on form, type, and format. The findings demonstrate alignment among the three studies (systematic review, observation of scholarly publication networks, and survey of experts). However, each study has highlighted specific evaluation indicators. According to the systematic review, observation of scholarly publication networks, and expert opinions, the primary focus in evaluating the scholarly publication ecosystem is on the form and type of evaluation. There is a greater emphasis on common and well-established formats in the evaluation process. Furthermore, individual and organizational needs and objectives significantly influence the selection of evaluation indicators. Categorizing evaluation indicators will assist stakeholders in understanding the evaluation procedures of scholarly publication ecosystems and in choosing appropriate evaluation methods.

Many academics are not familiar enough with the duties of students from the point of view of the leaders of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and no coherent study has been done in this field. Students, to succeed in academic life and fulfill their special social roles, have various duties. The objective of this study is to identify the social-cultural duties of students from the viewpoint of leaders of the Islamic Republic of Iran. For this purpose, their speeches from the commencement of leadership until the fall of 2019 have been collected and analyzed The main sources of Imam Khomeini's(RA) statements include the website for the expansion of Imam Khomeini's(RA) opinions and ideas and the books "University and Academics", "The Mission of Cultivators and Academics from Imam Khomeini's Viewpoint" … and the main sources of the Supreme Leader's speeches include the books of “The Light of Knowledge”, “The Shadow of Guardianship”, and website of the Supreme Leader’s Office. To extract the social-cultural duties of students, 28 speeches from Imam Khomeini and 148 speeches from Imam Khamenei were examined using content analysis. The results indicate that the socio-cultural duties of students include "identity formation and motivation"(93.36%), demanding and questioning(55.29%); .

This research aimed to investigate the relationship between the socio-economic status of Iranian citizens and book consumption to determine whether there is a knowledge gap among Iranian citizens or not.

The data was collected in a survey method. Information about Iranian citizens has been collected through a structured questionnaire in the form of face-to-face interviews. The statistical population of this research includes all people over 15 years of age living in the city and villages of the country. In this survey, a two-stage sampling was used. The number of samples in this survey is 15,606 people in 31 provinces of the country. The socio-economic status of the citizens was divided into three groups: education level, occupational status, and economic status.

Based on the chi-square test and analysis of variance, each of the mentioned groups has a positive and significant relationship with book consumption. Thus, with the increase in the level of education, job status and economic status, book reading among Iranian citizens is on the rise. In addition, with the increase in education level, job status and economic status, people buy more books.

There is a relationship between the economic-social status of Iranian citizens and book consumption, and the more the economic-social status of Iranian citizens increases, the more book consumption increases and vice versa. These results show that there is an awareness gap among Iranian citizens and the research results support the hypotheses of the awareness gap theory.

The pupouse of study is to identify the problems of holding “the Book of the Year award” in order to improve policies, procedure, improve the judging process and make it more effective in the publishing community. The research is qualitative in terms of approach and case study in terms of execution method. The studied community is the writings related to the Book of the Year award, university professors, experts and beneficiaries involved in the organization and performance of the festival, and critics and experts in the field of the book of the year, where the expert sampling technique was used to select the sample. Writing review, interview and focus group were used to collect data. Qualitative data analysis has been done in two stages; the first round of coding and the second round of pattern finding. In the first round of coding, we tried to give each piece of data a label (or the same code); in the second round, models were extracted from these codes. To advance the coding process, various tools have been used, including performing the process with pencil and paper to the use of MaxQDA (version 11) computer programs. The results show that the issues and problems of the yearbook can be categorized in the areas of policy and planning, executive processes, and referees. The overlapping of the Book of the Year award with other awards and the lack of clarity about its position compared to other awards has caused the Book of the Year to decline in prestige. The excessive dependence of the award on the government body, both in terms of expenses and in terms of policy, the selection of the scientific secretary, referee, etc. has caused us to witness the interference of cultural officials in the votes and opinions of the judges, as well as the introduction of the chosen ones, in limited periods. Trust in festivals and awards is the most important event that can be effective in their growth and influence, and in addition to the favor of the people and those in charge of the awards, it will be effective in promoting the publishing industry, and the officials of the Book of the Year institution should have more appropriate planning and investment in this regard.

Simultaneously with the developments of the 20th century and the process of globalization in the present era, information and communication technology has facilitated the emergence of a networked society. The new world has evolved into a network whose primary structure is information and electronic communication systems. The transformation of social interactions into virtual communities has led to the rise of social insecurity and new forms of crimes and misdemeanors in virtual spaces. Gradually, with the expansion of information and communication technology, especially the Internet, and subsequently the proliferation of threats and risks associated with it, the concepts of information security, information systems security, and cyber security were also developed. Just as soldiers are trained to handle various threats in war, the world of information is a real battlefield, with hackers and cyber-attacks posing significant risks. Information security experts should be equipped with the necessary skills to effectively deal with cyber-attacks, much like expert soldiers. The current applied developmental research is focused on identifying key indicators to design effective behavioral patterns for information security experts dealing with cyber threats.

In this study, a purposeful and development-oriented approach was employed, using a meta-composite and qualitative-quantitative (sequential-exploratory) method. Initially, 112 sources were selected from 270 primary sources using a library method and were the focus of the work. To identify the security components of information systems, the Barroso and Sandlowski 2007 seven-step technique was utilized, resulting in the calculation of 142 indicators from the selected documents. After clustering the indicators using RapidMiner software, the research identified 5 dimensions and 17 components. Subsequently, a two-stage Delphi method involving two groups of 15 experts was employed to evaluate the questions, value assessment, and validity. Following the completion of the qualitative phase, the study progressed to the quantitative or exploratory stage. An invitation letter and questionnaire, comprising 125 verified indicators, were then prepared and sent to 156 information security experts. And after receiving 111 complete questionnaires, which meets Cochran's requirement for a minimum statistical population size of 111 people, the questionnaire collection phase concluded, and the analysis process commenced with the assistance of SPSS and MATLAB software.

In this study, the dimension of "security threats" has the highest factor load weight of 0.983 among all other dimensions. Within the "security threats" dimension, the component of "unintentional damages" has the highest weight compared to other components. The dimension of "security vulnerabilities" follows with a factor load weight of 0.979, ranking second. The "process factors" dimension ranks third with a factor load weight of 0.975, and the "human factors" dimension also has a factor load weight of 0.975. The fourth rank is held by the dimension of "0.970," and finally, the "technical factors" dimension, with a factor loading of 0.920, ranks last among the dimensions of this research. Despite receiving the lowest score and weighting overall, the "technical factors" dimension has the highest factor load weight assigned to the components of "encryption" and "equipment," with a score of 0.978, and the lowest score assigned to the components of "monitoring" with a weight of 0.88 and "planning" with a weight of 0.84. In the following, the obtained results and prioritizations were compared with those of other studies, and the validity of the results was confirmed based on the validation and verification of the comparisons.

In general, it should be noted that, contrary to the opinion of most data-oriented companies that prioritize "technical factors" in information security, the results obtained in this study have shown that this assumption was incorrect. The importance of the behavioral patterns of information security experts has been confirmed, which is influenced by laws, organizational structure, organizational culture, and training. Finally, with the assistance of the weights assigned to the obtained components and indicators, suggestions were made to modify the behavioral patterns of information security experts after ranking and prioritizing the components and characteristics.

New software development models are emerging that help in software development by default. Secure software should be defined based on the fundamental framework of the organization and the fundamental framework of the organization's software, which means that the targeted level of security of various software of an organization depends on the business context and the degree of importance of information in that context. Proper support of the software industry requires a precise and appropriate understanding of the state of this industry as an ecosystem and knowledge of the software product. In addition to having technical complexities, the software industry follows certain economic structures and principles, which are very important in the analysis of the existing support regimes. Without having a secure software production line, the possibility of releasing secure software from this production cycle is impossible. Also, the competitive business environment of organizations depends on the software they have in this field; therefore, considering the level of vulnerabilities, it is reported that in the field of software, the existence of a secure software life cycle, which results in the production and development of secure software, is very necessary (Palumbo et al., 2020). Software companies need to develop knowledge in diverse domains. One of the industries that are very important in the transition from the oil economy due to its great potential in the country, and on the other hand, it realizes a part of the knowledge-based economy, is the software industry, which is struggling with many changes and problems. Due to the intensity of changes in technology and its highly competitive environment, software companies are facing many challenges and uncertainties in providing their products or services in the form of value for customers and also in making money from it. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a suitable solution for software companies to reach their position and the future that can be waiting for them. The present research tries to consider.
What are the factors and performance indicators of the knowledge management system in the software development industry?

Literature Review:

In the research, Wang, Ding, and Ming Li (2017) presented a hybrid method for evaluating knowledge management performance based on triangular fuzzy numbers and group support systems. The results showed that the evaluation method has a strong practical and operational capability, and in addition, the evaluation is activated using a group support system. The systematic KMPE method based on an index system can improve the efficiency of organizations in the performance evaluation process. The review goes under these subheadings.Pojadi and Sardjono (2018) investigated "Evaluation of Knowledge Management System for Disaster Management Using Factor Analysis". The results showed that evaluation models can be built through the performance of agents, organizational culture, and information through the knowledge management system, management support and participation, access and updating, and information monitoring. Fu, Jiang, and Chen (2020) modeled an organizational knowledge management system based on artificial intelligence in a research. The key technologies that need to be solved to achieve knowledge integration were pointed out, including the integration of heterogeneous knowledge distributed between companies, the integration of correlation and the integration of knowledge and production processes. Fuzzy theory was used to create a knowledge extraction mechanism and reference model library from the project model to the dedicated reference model. Finally, a layered diffusion model was developed that matches the characteristics of online knowledge transfer. Greco et al. (2021) in their research examined "a method for evaluating knowledge management systems". The results show that WikiIEN is the solution most indicated for the larger public due to its more user-friendly interface and workflow, and sufficient feature set that does not depend on external software.

This research is applied in terms of purpose, which was done with a documentary method, meta composite. The meta-composite approach is a type of qualitative study that examines the information and findings extracted from other qualitative studies with a similar and related topic. As a result, the desired sample for the meta-combination of selected qualitative studies is based on the relationship made with research questions (Lindgreen, Palmer, and Vanhamme, 2004). In this research, the combination method has been used in order to compare, interpret, transform, and combine different frameworks and models presented in the field of knowledge management system performance evaluation in the software development industry.

The purpose of this research is to provide a suitable conceptual framework for identifying the performance evaluation components of knowledge management system in the software development industry with a meta-composite approach. Due to the lack of comprehensive research in the field of identifying factors affecting the performance of the knowledge management system, the performance evaluation indicators of the knowledge management system were first extracted by extensive literature study and based on the frequency of evaluation indicators. The goal is to cover various dimensions of knowledge management system evaluation with a comprehensive study. Due to budget constraints and the economic era with uncertainty, knowledge management implementers need to be able to demonstrate the commercial value of knowledge distribution and reuse in the organization. There are two basic points that all organizations should consider when designing success measures. Therefore, based on the presented conceptual model, managers can evaluate the performance of knowledge management in the software development industry by using organizational factors, individual factors, technology infrastructure factors, knowledge management processes, and economic benefits/costs.

Based on the presented conceptual model, managers can evaluate the performance of knowledge management in the software development industry by using organizational factors, individual factors, technology infrastructure factors, knowledge management processes, and economic benefits/costs.

Examining the results showed that components such as organizational factors (culture, senior management support, organization strategy, organizational structure), individual factors (training, employee participation, knowledge and awareness of knowledge management systems, resistance to change); technology infrastructure factors (user-friendliness, data and information security, communication and cooperation methods, degree of integration of organizational systems, knowledge quality); knowledge management process (knowledge acquisition, knowledge transfer, knowledge creation); economic benefits/costs (capital cost, operating cost) affect the evaluation of knowledge management performance in the software development industry.

Object. The main purpose of this study is to draw the scientific network map of researchs in the subject area of Imam Reza (AS) with scientometric methods.Methodology. The present study has investigated and identified the conceptual relationships between the research works published on the subject of Imam Reza (as) with a scientometric approach and using coherent analysis of words and network analysis technique. Software such as Rover Matrix, UCINET and NetDraw have been used to analyze works in this field. The research community consists of 4372 research works related to Imam Reza (AS) including 2423 books, 1305 articles and 644 dissertations. Descriptive data collected using the checklist were entered into Excel software to smooth and draw the charts. Ravromatrix software was used to draw coherent maps.Findings. Findings showed that Imam Reza International Cultural and Artistic Foundation, Astan Quds Razavi Islamic Research Foundation, and Astan Quds Razavi are active organizations in producing works with a thematic focus on Imam Reza (AS) and most of the works have been published by men. The First World Congress of Hazrat Reza (AS), Mohammad Ibn Ali Ibn Babavieh, Mohsen Sadeghi and Gholamreza Akbari Zebdi are among the most popular writers on the subject of Imam Reza (AS).

The increasing increase of knowledge as the most important source of competitive advantage in the current era in various scientific fields, especially in the field of business, on the one hand, and the selection of appropriate knowledge management strategies to achieve the goals of organizations, on the other hand, has doubled the importance of knowledge audit in today's competitive world. The goal of knowledge audit is to evaluate the knowledge management processes to match them with the organization's goals. So that they can organize their own obvious and existing knowledge well and extract the hidden knowledge of their employees and provide the necessary grounds to discover and identify gaps in the creation, organization, sharing and application of knowledge and the process of knowledge sharing and transfer. Accelerate in organizations. In academic environments, the understanding of the importance of knowledge as a critical source of knowledge audit for organizations is increasing. Knowledge creates a competitive advantage, and organizations that are not able to audit knowledge and use it correctly are doomed to failure in the field of competition. One of the tools that can help organizations in achieving these goals is knowledge audit. Academic libraries also use innovations, philosophies, strategies and techniques used in different sectors in search of achieving a sustainable competitive advantage and in the direction of creating strategic knowledge for strategic academic purposes. In this regard, university libraries can rely on knowledge audit strategies not only to be able to face changes, but also to have a preventive approach or to be the agent of change

Research Question(s):

the problem of the present research is, what are the dimensions, components and indicators of knowledge audit in Iranian academic libraries?

Literature Review:

Knowledge audit is a review, review, measurement and evaluation of the organization's intellectual assets that identifies how these assets are used. Knowledge audit specifies the organization's knowledge needs, the location of the organization's knowledge, how to use it, identifying the organization's knowledge obstacles and problems and providing methods to improve the organization's knowledge, which includes the following processes:Planning: In this stage, the goals, missions, missions, strategies, limitations and scope of the knowledge audit are determined.
Data collection: In this stage, data is collected based on the information of the previous stage through interviews, questionnaires, etc.
Data processing: In this step, valid and invalid data are identified and the accuracy and validity of the data is determined.
Data analysis: In this stage, after quantitative and qualitative data analysis, the value of knowledge capital, effectiveness and efficiency of knowledge management are evaluated.
Reporting: In this step, a report is presented on how the organization's knowledge flows, knowledge resources, problems and related limitations.
Summary: In this stage, the knowledge map of the organization is presented and solutions are suggested to improve the knowledge management of the organization (Jehani Freemani, 2015).    

This research is of an applied type, which was carried out with the descriptive survey research method. The statistical population of this research includes the main managers and managers of central library departments of universities affiliated to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. The sampling method of the libraries was chosen according to their dispersion in the whole country, first by random cluster sampling and then by targeted sampling of the central library of the largest university in the capital of the province. 300 questionnaires were distributed among them, of which 279 questionnaires were answered.

Based on the findings of the organizational vision and goals research, data and knowledge analysis, explicit and implicit knowledge measurement, knowledge flow mapping, identifying strategic elements of the organization, analyzing the gap between existing and desirable knowledge, preparing the organization, identifying the knowledge audit process, forming Knowledge audit working group, knowledge flow analysis, identification of organization's valuable assets, information evaluation, current knowledge health measurement and knowledge application analysis are effective factors in knowledge audit. Based on the correlation matrix between research variables, there is a significant relationship between knowledge audit components at the level of 0.01.
The results of the structural equation model showed that the path coefficients are also positive and significant at the 0.01 level, which indicates their positive effect on knowledge audit in Iranian academic libraries.The tested model had an absolute fit index of GOF of 0.50, and the value obtained for this fit index indicates the appropriate fit of the tested model. Therefore, it can be said that the components of knowledge audit working group formation, knowledge flow analysis and current knowledge health measurement have a greater role in the knowledge audit of libraries.

The results showed that the status of knowledge audit components in the central library of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and the central library of Gilan University is higher than other libraries. In explaining the results of the research, it can be said that knowledge audit plays a very important role in supporting the knowledge needed by university libraries; Because it can examine how knowledge is transferred in libraries and its use inside and outside libraries, and after that, by identifying the weaknesses and strengths of libraries, it examines the gaps in them and by preventing Rework helps to manage and audit their knowledge effectively.

The purpose of the present research is to analyze the audit of knowledge in Iranian university libraries. Based on the results of the research, it was found that managers can benefit from knowledge audit in improving the quality of university library services. By applying knowledge audit, managers review, examine, measure and evaluate the intellectual assets of the organization and evaluate the knowledge reserves and flow of the entire organization.

This study aimed to identify the dimensions and indicators of knowledge auditing in academic libraries. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and was performed by the Delphi method and qualitative approach. Participants in the present study included professors and experts in knowledge management and information science. By purposive sampling method at first, two or three experts in knowledge management and information science were identified and introduced by other people based on the snowball method and a sample size of twenty people was selected. In this study, Kendall and binomial tests have been used to analyze the data obtained from the first and second rounds of Delphi. Fourteen factors were identified as factors involved in influencing knowledge audit based on the research findings in knowledge audit, which are: organizational perspective and goals of data analysis and knowledge information, measurement of explicit and implicit knowledge, drawing Knowledge flow map, identifying strategic elements of the organization, analyzing the gap between existing and desirable knowledge, preparing the organization, identifying the knowledge audit process, forming a knowledge audit working group, analyzing knowledge flow, identifying valuable assets of the organization, evaluating information, measuring current knowledge health And analysis of knowledge application. Findings showed that the priority index in conducting research, educational, executive projects, etc., had the highest average (4.01), and the index of knowledge resources had the lowest average (1.25). Also, the value of the Kendall coefficient for all factors considered except the factors of vision and organizational goals and identification of strategic elements of the organization is more than 0.7 or very close to it, which indicates the consensus of experts.The level of significance for the Kendall coordination coefficient in most factors is more than 5%, which means there is a significant agreement between experts. The results showed the use of knowledge audit components to identify better the needs of creating, organizing, sharing and using knowledge in organizations. The overall results of the research in the field of validation by experts showed that all components of knowledge auditing have been approved and none of the components have been rejected.

The purpose of this research was to identify and prioritize the aspects of knowledge audit in academic libraries. 

The method of this research is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the research includes the final managers and managers of central library departments of universities affiliated to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. The sampling method of the libraries, considering their dispersion in the whole country, is first by random cluster sampling method and then by targeted method of the central library of the largest university in the center of the province. Finally, the number of 279 final managers and department managers of central libraries of universities affiliated to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology were selected as the statistical sample of the research. The knowledge audit questionnaire has been compiled with 99 items and includes 14 dimensions of vision and organizational goals (7 items), analysis of knowledge data and information (6 items), measurement of explicit and tacit knowledge (6 items), drawing a knowledge map. (6 items), identifying strategic elements of the organization (8 items), analyzing the gap between existing and desired knowledge (5 items), preparing the organization (6 items), identifying the knowledge audit process (7 items), forming a knowledge audit working group (8 items) ), analysis of knowledge flow (12 items), identification of valuable assets of the organization (6 items), evaluation of information and knowledge (6 items), measurement of current knowledge health (9 items) and knowledge application analysis (7 items). 

Based on the results of the research, the components of knowledge flow analysis (4.57), measuring the health of current knowledge (4.12), forming a knowledge audit working group (3.68) and identifying the strategic elements of the organization (3.12) have a higher average rating than others. The indicators are in terms of the possibility of occurrence and influence in the knowledge audit of academic libraries and have a more favorable situation in academic libraries, and in the same way, other indicators are placed in the next ranks. 

Based on the results of the research, it was found that managers can benefit from knowledge audit in improving the quality of university library services. By applying knowledge audit, managers review, examine, measure and evaluate the intellectual assets of the organization and evaluate the knowledge reserves and flow of the entire organization.

The purpose of this study was to identify the components of professional publishing and the consequences of non-professional publishing in Iran. The study used the Grounded Theory method and fell under the qualitative research category. Snowball sampling was used to select 16 experts and professionals in the field of book publishing for the statistical sample. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, which was done up until theoretical saturation. The interviews were implemented and coded, and finally, the central category was obtained by knowing the consequences, strategies, contexts, causal conditions and interveners. Based on the results, the correct understanding of the nature of publishing, having specialized and up-to-date knowledge, and having the facilities and equipment are the main factors in the formation of professional publishing. In order to achieve professional publishing, it is necessary to pay attention to the mechanisms of the publishing economy, proper planning and marketing, and new technologies to be given serious attention by publishing activists, and a suitable policy regarding full-time employment of publishers, support for publishing activists, culture building and the use of new technologies in be taken Reducing dependence on the government, disregarding publishing laws, trade union interference, economic problems and low quality of books are among the problems that should be in the focus of activists, planners and policy makers in the field of publishing, and the sum of these measures can produce quality works that are in line with market needs and also help the specialized activity of publishers which leads to the professionalization of publishing.

The purpose of this study is to identify the level of awareness among the faculty Members of Islamic Azad University, Yadgar Imam Khomeini Branch, with the concepts and examples of scientific misconduct.

The method of this research is descriptive, survey in terms of execution, and practical in terms of purpose. Research data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was verified by a group of expert professors and its reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha of 0.788 Calculated. The statistical population includes all faculty members of Islamic Azad University, Yadgar Imam Khomeini Branch, who work full-time with this branch. Due to the large number of faculty members, the studied sample was calculated using Cochran's formula according to the expertise of the faculty members, and according to the nature of the problem and the research hypotheses, it was selected using stratified-random sampling method. Data analysis was done in two parts: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Kruskal-Walli’s test) using SPSS version 20 software.

Based on the results, the level of knowledge of faculty Members with the concepts and examples of Scientific misconduct (fabrication, falsification and plagiarism) is above average and in a relatively favorable condition. However, among these three components, their awareness of the concept of fabrication was less than the other two components.

Based on the results, there is no significant difference between the knowledge of the concepts and examples of research misconduct (Fabrication, falsification, plagiarism) with the specialty, scientific and academic rank of faculty members; and the most important proposed solution to reduce scientific misconduct is to create and holding mandatory training courses to familiarize faculty members and students with the concepts and examples of research misconduct.

The purpose of this study is to prioritize the indicators of the scholarly publication system for implementing this system in Iran.

A qualitative method was used to collect data, and a descriptive method was used to analyze the findings. The statistical population of the research is scholarly publishing experts. The sample includes 19 experts who were selected by snowball sampling. A semi-structured interview was used in this research. The research questions were formulated based on the components and indicators of the scholarly publication system; professors and experts confirmed their validity in two consecutive stages. The interviews continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. The research questions include 12 components: access, communication, control, infrastructure, language, materials (information resources), support, technology, economics, evaluation, education, and ethics. Most of these components include indicators such as form, type, scope, and format, covering 39 indicators. A quantitative method was used to extract the data, and MAXQDA software was used to analyze them.

The research funding showed that in the access component, indicators of access type and scope of access; in communication and control components, indicators of format; In the infrastructure component, the form of the infrastructure; in the language component, the scope of language; in the support component, the indicators of form and type of support; in the technology component, the form of technology; in the economics component, financing; in the evaluation component, the form and format of evaluation are in the priority of implementing the national scholarly publication system. Therefore, in order to implement the national scholarly publication system, the components of technology, education, ethics, and their indicators do not need to be prioritized, but other components must be implemented based on prioritization.

The results of the research indicate that 21 indicators out of 39 ones were prioritized to implement the national scholarly publication system. The components of technology, education, ethics, and all its indicators are necessary to design this system, but the indicators of other components should be considered based on the priorities set. According to the economic, technical and cultural conditions, prioritizing the identified indicators of the scholarly publication system helps the countries and scientific communities start the basic steps for the implementation of the national scholarly publication system to take advantage of its benefits such as improving the quality of scientific outputs, supporting publishing processes, observing ethical principles, developing scientific communication, integrated access to all scholarly outputs, identifying investment opportunities in scientific publication, forecasting future developments and crises in different dimension of scholarly publication ecosystem and reducing costs.

Medical resources are directly related to health of society and the book as one of the main sources has great importance. This study has been conducted to investigate pathology of medical sciences books publishing status and also identification of content, cultural and technical production challenges of these books in Iran from the viewpoint of publishers.

The present study in terms of purpose, approach, and method is applicable, qualitative and phenomenology. The research tool has been semi - structured interview and community were publishers of medical sciences books in two sections academic (Five) and private (eight) publishers. The interviews continued until the data saturation stage (13 interviews). First, open and axial coding was performed, which finally extracted 402 codes and then was categorized into 74 categories, which were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

The field of content production faced the most important challenges (53%), in which policy making absence (24 repetitions, 16%), no domestic high percentage of medical publication (23 repetitions, 16%), and the lack of expertise in medical publishers (11 repetitions, 7%), were declared by publishers. The problems of cultural production were in the second place with 39% and respectively include specialized and costly editing of the book, the lack of professional referees and the lack of structured review rules with 22 repetitions equivalent to 46%, 8 repetitions equivalent to 17% and 6 repetitions equivalent to 13%. The challenges of the technical production sector are reflected with a number equal to 8% of the total problems, which include the problems of raw materials printing and publishing (11 repetitions, 48%), lack of printing and publishing technology (5 repetitions, 23%) and the lack of technical expertise staff (3 repetitions, 13 percent).

According to the findings of this study and the revealed funds of damages in the medical publishing industry, it can be concluded that many publishing challenges in Iran are rooted in general policies, rules and culture. Therefore, more serious attention to the professional field of medical publishing from the government and unbiased policy making in order to divert the concerns of publishers can solve many obstacles and difficulties.

The importance of transparency and information flow for the optimal performance of organizations and institutions is an issue that has been studied and emphasized in several studies over the past few decades. Today, transparency has become a common term in legislative and policy discussions. The aim of this study is to provide a transparent model of informing laws and policies through Iranian government systems so that we can use this analysis to move towards the implementation of good governance.

The method used in this research is a mixed or combined method. In summary, this method will use both a qualitative approach using the data theory theory method and a quantitative approach using a survey research method.

‌ Findings of this study Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the validity or reliability of the Transparent Scale for Laws and Policies. The alpha coefficient obtained for the whole scale is 0.954; Also, the reliability coefficient of the components ranged from 0.953 to 0.955, which is a good reliability coefficient, because coefficients of validity of 0.70 or more are usually sufficient for research purposes.

In general, the results showed that the psychometric properties of the transparent scale of laws and policies have been confirmed. Therefore, based on the research findings, the scale created to identify the transparent amount of laws and policies is a suitable and useful tool and can meet the needs of researchers in the field of transparent laws and policies through Iranian government systems.

The main object of this study is analyzing the components and indicators of the scholarly Publication System in the scholarly Publication databases in terms of access, communication, control, infrastructure, language, materials (information resources), support, technology, economics, evaluation, education, ethics and their characteristics. The research community has been identified by content analyzing and 73 databases were extracted, based on the frequency and approval of experts the sample limited to 12 scholarly publication databases. These include the ArXiv, DOAJ, Elsevier, Springer, Google Scholar, PubMed, Nature, Web of Science, Scopus, National Institutes of Health (NIH), SPARC (Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resource Coalition), and Amazon databases. The checklist designed to study these databases is taken from the scholarly Publication System dimensions. Research findings show that all components have been considered in publication databases and the difference between them returned in scholarly Publication indicators. however, according to the type, age and general policy of the databases, some indicators of components; Like education, economics, and information resources has not received enough attention, in all databases, some components such as technology, support and control and their indicators have an equal importance.

The main purpose was to draw a scientific network of research articles in the subject area of Imam Reza. The study was conducted with co-occurrence analysis of words and network analysis technique to identify the conceptual relationships between published papers on the subject of Imam Reza. 1305 articles focusing on Imam Reza were analyzed by comprehensive studies. Descriptive data were entered into Excel software to standardize and draw graphs. Ravromatrix was used to prepare symmetric matrices to draw coherent maps. The matrices were entered into the UCINet to calculate the degree of centrality of degree. VOSViewer software was also used to illustrate the maps. The research findings showed that writers such as Khalil Beigzadeh and Zahra Ghasemnejad are among the most prolific writers. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad is also in the first rank of participation in publishing articles on the subject of Imam Reza. Researchers with the academic rank of assistant professor have been most involved in publishing the article. The field of Persian language and literature has the most active researchers in publishing articles. Authors such as Mansoureh Fassih-ramandi, Hossein Behravan, have a high ability to transfer information and knowledge in the network. Scientific disciplines such as educational sciences, social research, are among the most popular disciplines in the interdisciplinary collaboration network with the highest degree of degree centrality. Universities such as Amin Law Enforcement Sciences, Payame Noor, are among the most popular organizations active in the network of cooperation between scientific institutions supporting the publication of articles.

Information is considered as one of the most important components of transparency in legislation. Transparent legislation requires compliance with the principles of the rights of stakeholders to quick and easy access to information available to the legislature. Stakeholders (natural and legal) to participate in legislation must be fully aware of the law-making process and their related information. Lack of transparency is one of the main causes of corruption and its increase in countries. The purpose of this study is to design a transparent model of legislative information through e-government. Indicators were extracted from domestic and international literature (10 indicators: mechanism to increase the clarity of laws and regulations; the need to promote stakeholder participation in legislation, etc.) and to codify the content of interviews (20 interviews with experts in legislation, policy and communication sciences) by analysis The content and software of MAXQDA were used based on the data theory theory strategy and from this stage onwards, the process of descriptive and interpretive coding of the extracted indices began. While coding, categories were identified that helped to extract the research pattern. After content analysis, 48 concepts were identified and summarized in the form of 10 categories and became the basis for template design. After designing the model and collecting data through surveying, the final model was designed and tested with AMOS software and the necessary corrections were made. In the final model, the relationships were accepted at the significance level of 0.001.

The main purpose of this study is to provide a qualitative model of book distribution in Iran. Identifying how the situation, issues and problems, influential factors and elements and strategies to promote book distribution are among the sub-objectives of the research.

This research is carried out with qualitative method, Grounded Theory approach using deep interviews with experts and experts in the field of book distribution. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The research population consisted of 10 book distribution experts in Iran. Two distribution experts were purposefully identified and then the next people were identified by the snowball method. MAXQDA software was used to determine the concepts, categories and features. Finally, with paradigm, the context, causal conditions, main strategies, interventions and consequences of book distribution in Iran were identified.

The most important issues and problems of book distribution in Iran are related to the unprofessional categories of distribution, low demand for book purchase and book smuggling. The most important factors and elements affecting the distribution are trade union interference, the amount of demand and knowledge of the needs of society and the most important strategies for promoting book distribution in Iran were appropriate laws and regulations codification, preventing trade union interference, appropriate model design and implementation.

One of the reasons for the weakness of the distribution sector is that it’s a new industry, hence needs support. The impact of the general policies of the government and government institutions, especially the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, on resolving the barriers, issues and problems of distribution is very instructive. Government support, oversight and justice promotes not only the distribution domain but also the book industry in all sectors (production, distribution, sales).But this support should oversee the creation of book-related infrastructure.Keywords: Book Distribution, Qualitative Model, Book Distribution Profession

A review of studies in the information seeking behavior of students and faculty members in ISC and Proquest databases through meta-analysis study.

This paper was meta-analyzed by the method introduced by Cooper (1994). To collect data, first all studies on information seeking behavior in Iran and the world up to 1399 in two scientific databases ISC and ProQuest were searched

In the studies carried out in this field (which included in the meta-analysis), a total of 16 variables and factors affecting information seeking behavior were identified in subgroups of students and faculty members. The overall results of the meta-analysis showed that the effect size or the coefficient of influence of the components and factors affecting the information seeking behavior is 0.593, which is rated as high according to Cohen's interpretive system. In addition, the extent of the effect of variables and factors affecting information seeking behavior is different in term of the two variables of sample group (students, faculty members, medical staff and citizens) and the field of study (internal and external research), and both variables are moderating variables affecting information-seeking behavior.

The information seeking behavior of individuals is influenced by factors, and the 16 factors identified in this study considerably affect how individuals seek information. Furthermore, in addition to the independent factors and variables of the variable, information seeking behavior is different depending on different groups of society and their local context and language.

This study aimed to identify the status of articles published in the Quarterly Journal of Razavi Culture. The research approach is quantitative and the research method is content analysis. The required information was received from the Journal website. Bibliographic information of the article along with organizational affiliation and academic rank and field of study of researchers as well as abstracts and keywords of articles in the Excel file were fully entered. Then, after three stages of cleaning, these data were entered into graph production software and as a result, scientific graphs and maps as well as diagrams were received from the software and then described and analyzed. The results showed that 291 authors contributed to the journal. Of these, only 1% of authors have 5 articles published in 32 issues of the journal. Also, five universities, including Imam Ṣādiq (as) University, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Allameh Tabatabai University, Razavi University of Islamic Sciences and al-Zahrá (as) University constitute more than 60% of the organizational affiliation of researchers. Among academics, faculty members with the rank of assistant professor have the most collaboration with the journal. Findings indicate that less than 25% of women cooperate in publishing articles, and researchers in the field of Qur’anic and Ḥadīth sciences alone have obtained the first rank with 103 articles.

Organisms, including humans, have an internal biological clock that helps them adjust to a regular circadian rhythm. The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of genetic changes in biological clocks in the search for information of different people and to draw a pattern for searching health information.

The present study was a fundamental applied type that performed by quasi-experimental method. The statistical population of the study consisted of 69 students who were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected in two stages of completing the general health questionnaire, morning and evening sleep type and observing the behavior of completing search tasks and log analysis using images recorded from users in Camtasia studio software. Then, data analysis performed using log file analysis, chi-square and ANOVA tests.

The analysis of the subjectschr('39') search and retrieval behavior showed that these individuals have performed a total of 1574 strategies and techniques in the search process. The results showed that the highest frequency is related to the intermediate sleep group (65%). Also, 11.5% of users slept in the evening and 23% slept in the morning. People with nighttime sleep had better information search time in less time than others (P = 0.017).

None of the sleep types can affect the tests and cause cycles. Based on the genetic changes that occur, humans have different characteristics that create individual and functional differences, and therefore the range of individual differences is very wide.

Reflecting on the change in the world of the world through power domination, along with understanding (the relation of power-knowledge), while pointing out the sensitivity and influence (power category) to knowledge creation, storage, exchange and transfer; (knowledge strategy) and knowledge infrastructure to reach the “macro-knowledge management”; it can be a reason for the possibility change The world of knowledge and consequently (the change in the world of libraries and information centers) in history; therefore, it must "manage the vast array of subjective knowledge" from the beginning (production of knowledge) to the end (distribution) It was not far from the mind. The purpose of this study is to recognize the “macro-knowledge management” of power

This qualitative research approach and its methodology have been the underlying theory. Participants in the research included twenty faculty members in related topics of social sciences and information science and science. They were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed based on three coding methods used in grounded theory, including open source coding, axial coding and selective coding.

The results of this study showed that: The underlying theory emphasizes the likelihood of the existence of the exploitation of the world of knowledge of the world, which is shaped by its power and its impact on the processes of information management and knowledge management. Accordingly, the exploitation of the knowledge of the universe is indisputable in favor of the influence and power of the reality of reality, and this factor is a factor in the transformation of information and knowledge through the administration of knowledge.

A bi-directional management in different forms: Value management (Knowledge Management Affected by Science Classification); Cognitive Knowledge Management (Cognitive Knowledge Management); Exclusive Knowledge Management (Knowledge Management Influenced by Geopolitics of Information); Destructive Knowledge Management (Knowledge Management Affected by the Destruction of Information Resources); Infected Knowledge Management (Managing Knowledge Based on Information Pollution) can be applied.