فهرست مطالب علی اسماعیل زاده

Today, the feelings of investors are recognized as one of the influential factors in the flow of capital as well as the general movement of the stock market; So that the flow of capital to investment funds is mentioned as one of the indicators for assessing market sentiment. In fact, investors with little information are more likely to make new investments or withdraw from previous ones based on emotions. The aim of this study was to provide a causal model to investigate the emotional behavior of investors with respect to the fuzzy Dematel method. This research is descriptive in nature and content. In this research, information about 15 professors and capital market experts is the statistical sample. The results of this study showed that the four main factors of behavioral finance, behavioral personality, mass behavior and culture affect the emotional behavior of investors. Also, Dematel method showed that the mass behavior factor with an average of 18.740, the culture factor with an average of 9.497 and the behavioral financial factor with an average of 8.742 are among the influential factors. On the other hand, the behavioral personality factor with an average of 14.975 is considered as an influential factor.

In recent years, the support of corporate governance has attracted the attention of capital market regulatory bodies, including the stock exchange. In this regard, the corporate governance index has been taken into consideration as a monitoring tool for companies so that companies that better comply with corporate governance mechanisms can be distinguished from companies that do not comply with these mechanisms. On this basis, companies should try to improve these mechanisms and take more effective steps to create more efficiency and value and thus improve the conditions of the capital market. In this research, an attempt is made to use a new index under the title of fuzzy corporate governance index, and according to expert opinion and formulation of fuzzy inference rules, three fuzzy expert systems have been designed to evaluate corporate governance criteria. Also, the data related to 160 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange as a sample have been collected and their data has been processed using the aforementioned fuzzy systems. The output of the first system shows the quality of the ownership index and transparency in the sample companies. The output of the second system shows the quality of the board structure index and finally the output of the third system shows the quality of corporate governance in the mentioned companies. The results of these evaluations are shown in a list of the weakest and best companies in terms of ownership and transparency, the structure of the board of directors, and the quality of corporate governance.

Today, the main goal of many economic policies is to achieve higher economic growth rates and prosperity, and the environmental risks posed by economic activities have become a contentious issue. Concerns about energy security, population growth, and climate change issues have led attitudes toward the use of renewable energy. The present study was carried out by presenting a model of the impact of foreign investment on the technology overflow of renewable energy. This research is descriptive in nature and content. In this study, information about 16 experts who are middle managers and industry managers who formed the statistical sample. The results of this study showed that 11 main factors affect the overflow of technology in the field of renewable energy through the investment channel. 436 and 303 and have the most indirect influence between factors

 This study aims to elucidate the profitability of value premium and size premium anomalies by employing the CHS score by Campbell et al. (2008) as the market-based financial distress indicator and Ohlson's O score (1980) as the accounting-based financial distress indicator.CHS score is a reduced-form econometric model to predict financial distress at short and long horizons. Among the market anomalies, value and size premiums have attracted more attention. Previous research noticed the existence of value premiums in stocks and found that value stocks have higher average returns compared to growth stocks. A value stock refers to shares of a company that appears to trade at a lower price relative to its fundamentals. Common characteristics of value stocks include high dividend yield, high book value to market value ratio, and a low P/E ratio. However, growth stocks often look expensive, trading at a low book value to market value ratio. In addition, researchers highlighted the existence of size premium where small stocks perform better than large stocks. These phenomena led to the formation of investment strategies based on value and size premiums. Value premium strategy involves buying value stocks and selling growth stocks, while size premium strategy entails buying small stocks and selling big stocks.

 In this study, the required data was collected from a sample consisting of 168 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and Iran Farabourse during the period from October 22, 2011, to September 22, 2021. To investigate the relationship between stock excess returns and risk factors, a total of three models were used: 1) Fama and French three-factor model, 2) the augmented three-factor model including the CHS score, and 3) the augmented three-factor model including the O score.

 According to the findings of this study, the inclusion of the financial distress factor in the Fama and French three-factor model, regardless of the criterion that is used to measure this factor, improves the performance of this model in explaining the fluctuations in the average returns of companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange and Iran Farabourse. In the meantime, the CHS score, compared to the O score, has a greater contribution to increasing the explanatory power of the mentioned model. Additionally, it is found that both in the original model of Fama and French and the augmented versions of this model, the value premium is mainly seen among value stocks, both small and big ones. The size effect, which is seen in all groups of stocks before the inclusion of the financial distress variable in the mentioned model, after augmenting this model, although loses its importance among big-value stocks, is still an influential factor in explaining the fluctuations of the average returns of small value stocks, small growth stocks, and big growth stocks.

 The results prove the existence of a negative and highly significant relationship between the financial distress risk and the excess returns of portfolios formed based on size and book value to market value, confirming that in the long run, financially distressed companies compared to healthy companies, realize lower excess returns. This finding can be of interest to the Securities and Exchange Organization (SEO), audit institutions, investors, and creditors. It is suggested that researchers use more dynamic versions of asset pricing models and other indicators of financial distress to analyze and explain fluctuations in stock returns in future research. In this regard, researchers can refer to Fama and French five-factor model (2015) and the newer versions of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), and by including the factor of financial distress in these models, compare the power of the mentioned models in explaining the fluctuations of stock returns

Behavioral functions in the field of financial market today is considered as one of the important bases in financial decision making and management. Knowing the criteria and processes influencing decision making can be useful to the dynamics and effectiveness of free flow of information to control risk and achieve greater returns. Investors are classified as one of the most important pillars of the capital market, ranging from perceptual decisions to emotional / collective and collective behaviors such as mass decision-making, which can upset capital market equilibrium according to market conditions and changes. The purpose of this research is Stock Price Synchronicity and Herd Behavior of Decision on the Capital Market: Testing Moderating Role of Institutional Shareholders. This study examined 102 stock exchange companies in the period 2014 to 2018. In this study, in order to measure and test the research hypotheses while using regression assumptions and testing hybrid models, multiple regression was used to test the research hypotheses. The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that stock price synchronicity has a negative and significant effect on the mass behaviors of shareholders and despite the institutional shareholders as a moderating variable, this effect is intensified in a negative direction.

Stakeholders, who seek to ensure the accuracy of the content of financial information, use independent auditing as an effective tool in the field of financial controls but often, face many ambiguities and questions about the quality of this tool. In the meantime, the present study and its purpose, which is to "provide Independent Audit Quality Modle by Emphasizing on Meeting Stakeholders’ Needs", can largely resolve their ambiguities and questions. Method The present qualitative research is a data foundation (with an emerging approach, containing an interpretive paradigm and an inductive approach) based on theoretical sampling, in-depth semi-structured interviews with fourteen auditors and continuous attention to the theoretical persuasion index. The research finding is "Independent Audit Quality Modle by Emphasizing on Meeting Stakeholders’ Needs". This multidimensional model includes four common components and a triple classification of stakeholders (containing eleven components). The components of the research model have an interactive relationship with each other. This relationship creates a situation in which each component of the model, is in terms of impact and effectiveness against the other component. This model, while acknowledging the ethical theory of auditing, shows the views and mental image of the interviewees of the research on the quality of independent auditing with emphasis on meeting the needs of stakeholders. The implementation of the research model or the use of its components, in addition to helping stakeholders in the quality of auditing, will increase public confidence in financial information.

With the increasing popularity and widespread use of cryptocurrencies, the creation and development of methods for predicting price movements in this field has attracted a lot of attention. In between, recent developments in deep learning (DL) models with structures such as long-short-term memory (LSTM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) have made improvements in the analysis of this type of data. Another approach that can be effective in the analysis of cryptocurrencies time series is the decomposition through algorithms such as complete integrated empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD). Considering the importance of forecasting in the cryptocurrencies field, in this research, by combining deep learning models and complete integrated empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD), The hybrid CEEMD-DL(LSTM) model has been used to forecast the bitcoin return (as the most popular currency). In this regard, the daily data of the total index of the Tehran Stock Exchange was used in the period of 2013/01/01 – 2022/05/28 and the results obtained were compared with the results of competing models based on efficiency measurement criteria. Based on the obtained results, the use of the introduced model (CEEMD-DL(LSTM)) has increased the efficiency and accuracy of bitcoin return forecasting. Accordingly, the use of this model in this field is suggested.

Hydraulic fracturing is used as one of the most common methods of enhanced recovery oil and gas wells for the production of unconventional reservoirs as well as more production in reservoirs. Determining the direction of fracture propagation and the geometry of the fracture network created by the hydraulic fracturing process plays an important role in increasing the permeability of the reservoir. In this research, in order to better understand the mechanism of formation and expansion of cracks in the process of hydraulic fracturing, acoustic emission (AE) has been used. Experiments were performed on concrete block specimens under true triaxial stress conditions and acoustic emission monitoring was performed simultaneously with the injection of fluid into the specimen. In order to investigate the crack deflection behaviors in the hydraulic fracturing process and the effect of natural fractures on the formation, pre-cracked specimens have been used. The results of this study show the pre-manufactured crack reduce the fracture pressure of the specimens and the magnitude of the difference in horizontal stresses during the experiments clearly affects the crack propagation path during the hydraulic fracturing process. Acoustic emission monitoring during hydraulic fracturing experiments is a useful result, and answer in the analysis of the hydraulic fracturing process and the analysis of acoustic emission data show that the type of cracks created are often tensile cracks.

The Takfiri terrorist group "ISIS" as a branch of Al-Qaeda is one of the most radical extremist groups in the West Asia region, which announced its existence in the middle of 2013 and was quickly able to control significant parts of the territory of two important countries, Syria and Iraq. Finally, the territorial control of this "cancerous and deadly mass" ended in late 2017 with the liberation of the city of Bokmal in Syria. Following the defeat of ISIS in Arab lands, Afghanistan was considered as one of the most susceptible countries for the presence of ISIS terrorists. This research with a descriptive-analytical method tries to answer this basic question: What are the main factors influencing the rise of ISIS in Afghanistan and what are its effect on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran? The findings of the research show that "Afghanistan's geopolitical situation", "Economic fields", "Ethnic and religious divides", "Structural weakness and central governance", "Saudi Arabia's interests as a supporter of ISIS", "American's proxy war against Iran" are the most important factors of the presence of ISIS in Afghanistan and also "fighting ISIS with Shiism", "the security threat of Iran's eastern borders", "the expansion of the influence of Saudi Arabia", "the implementation of the Iraqi-Syrian model in the east of Iran" are the most important effects of the presence of ISIS in Afghanistan on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Over the last several decades, corporate reputation has gained increasing importance for both managers and academics. Research on corporate reputation has generally argued that reputational risk, or risk of reputation loss, stems from all company risks. When a risk drives a firm into a crisis, some stakeholders' interests may go unsatisfied, and the firm's corporate reputation may be eroded. The more effective the enterprise risk management system is, the fewer crises a company will face and the less risk there will be to lose its corporate reputation.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the quality of enterprise risk management system and the characteristics of the audit committee on the reputation of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical population of the study is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, of which 100 companies were selected as a sample. The results of Tobit regression model test showed that the quality of enterprise risk management system and the characteristics of the audit committee have a significant effect on the reputation of the companies under study.

Implementing, evaluating and monitoring effective internal control systems is a key determinant of the quality of financial reporting. In particular, high-quality internal controls reduce the deliberate manipulation of information reported outside the company. Reduces risks such as procedural errors and accidental estimates in the report, inherent operational risks and business strategies that may affect the quality of reported accruals. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of internal control regulations in order to prevent errors and deviations in an effective and efficient manner on the quality of accruals. For this purpose, this study was conducted with 90 sample companies in a period of 12 years 2007-2018 in two stages by performing a comparison test of mean t-pair and Cramer test. Considering the results and comparing the explanatory power and accuracy of each research model, it can be said that at different levels of reliability, the models have appropriate and reliable validity and in terms of comparison, the average quality of accruals in the post-regulation period. Internal controls are significantly different from the previous period. The results showed that the quality of companies' accruals in the period after the establishment of internal control regulations is significantly different from the previous period.

Always in any activity, especially field activities that are associated with certain risks, there should be principles, rules and instructions to ensure the effectiveness of training; Otherwise, the training process will go astray and may cause irreparable damage. One of these damages is injuries and losses that may be inflicted on students participating in training-combat camps. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find the causes and factors affecting the casualties and injuries to students of Imam Hussein (AS) Military University and to provide suggestions to reduce these injuries. This research has been applied and descriptive-analytical method. As a result of this research, the rank of some effective components in reducing or increasing casualties are: 1) Quality and level of theoretical and practical training 2) Repetition of theoretical and practical exercises and requirements 3) Proper and principled implementation of camp exercises 4) Choosing the right place Execution of camp exercises 5) Selecting the appropriate environment for conducting camp exercises 6) Significant and effective relationship between the use of pressure method and gradual difficulty of training and exercises on students 7) Accurate identification and detailed planning for each exercise and before the start of the combat camp

In today's competitive world, creating value for customers and shareholders is the primary goal of companies. The interconnected global economy has created a new paradigm in the concept of corporate value from the perspective of shareholders. On the other hand, it has sought to advance information technology, investor expectations of information (providing information that will provide better service to customers and shareholders), and more efficient benchmarks for higher valuation and decision making. This means that customers and shareholders of banks are always looking for technology that offers value added and profitable services for the company. Therefore, strategic financial measures can better reflect the financial performance of organizations and their sustainable competitive advantage. Therefore, based on this argument, the purpose of the present study is to provide a model for evaluating the long-term performance of commercial banks based on a sustainable competitive advantage approach. The research hypothesis was also tested by using a sample of 23 commercial banks listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2012-2019 using multivariate regression model. The obtained data were analyzed using Eviews 10 software. The findings indicate that the identified factors of long-term performance evaluation of commercial banks including financial performance criteria (economic value added) and profitability indices (Q_Tobin, return on equity and equity return) are effective on firm's sustainable competitive advantage.

Nowadays, one of the topics that has been widely considered by financial researchers in relation to stock price behavior is sudden changes in stock prices. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CEO power on the risk of stock price falls with the role of moderator of the quality of accruals in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. This research is correlational in nature and content. In this research, information about 142 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, which have formed a statistical sample, has been analyzed in the period 1390-1390. The results of this model showed that the quality of accruals as a moderating variable has an effect on the relationship between CEO power and the risk of falling stock prices in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Also, the adjusted coefficient of determination of the model is 0.575. This means that the independent variables of the research model can explain 57.5% of the variance of the dependent variable risk of falling stock prices.

The main purpose of this research is to study the factors affecting the efficiency of monitoring and evaluating financial performance in the public sector in performance-based budgeting and its practical purpose is to provide appropriate suggestions and solutions to financial performance in the public sector in performance-based budgeting. The research method used in this study is mixed (qualitative-quantitative one.). First, using meta-combined qualitative analysis method, the indicators are extracted from previous articles and studies, and out of 82 articles obtained, 42 final articles were used to examine the effective factors in the efficiency of monitoring and evaluating financial performance in the public sector in the above mention budgeting. Then, by categorizing the indicators and performing fuzzy Delphi technique, the content of the design was analyzed; the main indicators were identified and screened. Then, using the several method, the criteria were prioritized and the weight of the criteria and the (13) effective factors were determined prioratively. It should be noted that the research data analysis was performed in the qualitative phase with MaxQDA software and in the quantitative phase with Matlab software.

The outbreak of the Syrian crisis in 2011 and the continuation of the civil war in this country between the Syrian regime and the militants and terrorist groups, had various consequences in the balance of power in the regional order of West Asia. In fact, as a result of this crisis, governmental activists of resistance front which centered by Iran and Russia on the one hand and its non-governmental actors, especially by the Lebanese Hezbollah movement, were able to maintain a regional balance in favor of the resistance front by supporting the Syrian political system and cause extensive geopolitical changes in the regional order of West Asia. Mean While, Lebanese Hezbollah, as an asymmetric activist, entered the Syrian civil war and faced many opportunities and challenges at the tactical and strategic level, especially in the field of its combat tactics. Thus, in this study, the authors hypothesize that Hezbollah's opportunities were more than its challenges in entering the Syrian war and it made Hezbollah to be able to reconsider its combat tactics during the crisis and also become an effective asymmetric force in the regional and even international equations, seek to answer the fundamental question of how Hezbollah's activism in the Syrian crisis has affected its combat tactics by entering in to the Syrian crisis? The results of the research shoe that Hezbollah has made changes in his combat tactics by entering in to the Syrian crisis such as: acquiring new technical and weapons capabilities, acquiring new tactical capabilities and so on.

The audit system is one of the active subsystems in the accountability system that plays an important role in assessing the accountability of public sector bodies. Operational Audit As part of a comprehensive audit system that uses innovative ways to evaluate the efficiency, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of public and operational financial resources, it plays a role in evaluating the types and levels of accountability. The purpose of the present study is to present a model for the quality of operational audit in the public sector of Iran, considering the environmental characteristics and the prevailing conditions in the country. In this regard, according to the exploratory approach of research and utilization of qualitative approach, grounded theory method has been used. To this end, through in-depth interviews with 26 experts with operational audit expertise who have had extensive experience in the field, we examined the factors affecting the quality of operational auditing and finally the "Integrated Model of Operational Audit Quality in Iran", including Causal conditions, confounding factors and context, as well as strategies for achieving operational audit quality and their consequences are presented. In this research, the quality of operational auditing has been investigated using a systematic approach and with a view to all the components of the governing system in the Iranian public sector system.

Information is always an important element in human activities. The need for information for the individual and the organization improves with the advancement of technology. Accounting is one of the information or part of the information system. On the one hand, uncertainty is a central concept in the organization; ambiguity refers to the organization's structure, strategy, and process. Therefore, based on this argument, the purpose of the present study is to design and evaluate the moderating role of uncertainty and organizational focus on the relationship between the characteristics of accounting information systems and system performance. The results of interviews with financial managers and accounting experts of 60 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange and data analysis by structural equation modeling method show that the characteristics of accounting information system affect system performance. Also, in accordance with the result of the second hypothesis of organizational decentralization, it moderates the effect of accounting information system characteristics on system performance. On the one hand, in line with the result of the third uncertainty hypothesis, it moderates the impact of accounting information system features on system performance.

The Islamic Republic of Iran, within the framework of a realistic and logical view, has been the greatest supporter of the liberation movements in the world and in particular the axis of resistance. In such a way that the macro and strategic approach of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the field of foreign policy has moved in the same direction. In fact, the Islamic Revolution of Iran has not only revived the anti-arrogant movements in the region and the world, including the axis of resistance, but has also continued to reproduce and expand this discourse. Therefore, the present study, with an analytical study of the foundations of the revolution, has dealt with the causes and reasons and the necessity of supporting the Islamic liberation movements and the axis of resistance. This research in terms of purpose is applicable research that has been done in a descriptive-analytical method and the library-documentary method has been used to collect research data. The results of this study indicate that the Islamic Republic of Iran, on the basis of the principles of pure Muhammadi Islam (pbuh), clear laws in the Constitution, national security interests and the expectations and strategies of the two Imams of the Revolution, has pledged the defense of the rights of all Muslims with spiritual and material support for the axis of resistance and liberation movements; Finally, by presenting a conceptual model, it explains the appropriate methods and how to support the axis of resistance in the military, cultural, ideological, relief and health, economic, intelligence and counter-intelligence and political at the different layers of technical, tactical, operational and strategic levels

The decision to expose or silence a financial misconduct in the organization that the person working in the accounting profession is witnessing is a ethical dilemma.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between ethical awareness and ethical judgment of accountants towards the Whistle-blowing of financial misconduct with the emphasis on the role of moral intelligence. For this purpose, in a web-based platform, questions in the form of a standardized questionnaire and researcher-made scenarios were provided to professionals in the public sector of Guilan province. The collected data from a total of 273 completed questionnaires were analyzed using structural equation method with partial least squares (second generation) approach. The findings from the final model indicate that ethical awareness does not directly correlate with ethical judgment in relation to the types of Whistle-blowing being investigated in this research, but ethical intelligence modulates this relationship to a considerable extent. In addition, moral judgment has a significant impact on types of Whistle-blowing, and ethical intelligence can also play a positive role in this regard.