ابراهیم معمری

Today's urban and modern life, despite the latest and most up-to-date technologies, has been able to make people's lives much easier than in the past and remove the hardships that people had to endure in the past, but this type of life has brought a new problem with it. which was not predictable before; Depression and lack of happiness. Unfortunately, due to the unprofessional construction of big cities, the loss of natural spaces and visual pollution, exhausting traffic, noise and air pollution, life in cities has become very exhausting and the unpleasant conditions of life in crowded cities cause various diseases such as depression, anxiety and disorders. It has become mental and physical. This research aims to investigate the components of a happy city in the areas of Gorgan city, in line with the movement towards creating happy neighborhoods. The governing process of this research is descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose, application and type of research method. The method of collecting data and information is library, document and survey. The scope of the research is 8 urban areas of Gorgan, which have been measured and analyzed with 7 criteria of a happy city. The research results show that in the AHP decision model, the human capital index with a score of (0.784) is the first priority, social trust with a coefficient of (0.372) is the second priority, and visual pollution with a coefficient of (0.330) is the first priority. Third, it has had the greatest impact on the movement of a district towards the happy city. Also, based on COPRAS multi-criteria decision making model, District 1 with a score of (1) ranks first in terms of the indicators of Shad City, District 2 ranks second with a coefficient of (0.975) and District 6 ranks first with a score of (0.946). The third is in terms of the indicators of the happy city.

Due to their constant change and dynamics, cities will always be exposed to serious risks and damages, which require appropriate methods and models to deal with and manage these accidents. In fact, cities need to reach a resilient level in their various dimensions. Resilience has been proposed in urban and regional studies to reduce urban damage. Resilient cities can provide a good starting point by deepening our understanding of the current situation and moving towards more sustainable solutions. Therefore, the current research has used twelve indicators with the aim of identifying and investigating the current state of physical resilience in the eight districts of Gorgan city. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and in order to weight the research indicators, Shannon's entropy technique is used, and to evaluate and prioritize the resilience of each of the areas in terms of urban physical resilience indicators, the decision technique is used. Multi-criteria evaluation of cumulative weight production has been used. The results of the present study show that, among the 8 urban areas, area one with a priority coefficient (0.549) ranks first in terms of urban resilience indicators, area two with a priority coefficient (0.260) ranks second. The fourth region with a score of (0.250) is in the third place, the seventh region with a priority coefficient (0.207), the third region with a priority coefficient (0.238), the sixth region with a priority coefficient (0.228), the eighth region with a coefficient Priority (0.207) and District Five with a priority coefficient (0.198) are ranked f

Improving the quality of life in any society is one of the main goals of the public policy of that society. So that quality-of-life findings can be used to recognize previous strategies and design future planning policies. Due to this, it is necessary to assess the quality of life of the northern Khorasan border province in order to conduct accurate planning in the future. To this end, the main objective of this research is to assess the quality of life in the northern province of Khorasan province and determine the levels of enjoyment of the cities of this province in terms of objective quality of life   indicators. The research method is descriptive-analytic. The techniques used in this paper are entropy weighing techniques and the multi-criteria decision making model of VIKOR. Shannon's entropy technique was used to determine the weight of the indices and to use the viquor technique to determine the quality of life of the 8th city of the northern province of northern Khorasan. The results indicate that the level of quality of life in the cities of North Khorasan province has been very unfair and unequal according to the evaluation of selected indicators. The results of the research show that there is a significant difference between the cities of this province, so that from the total of 8 cities, Bojnourd city with the score (0) is ranked first, Shirvan with the score (0.674) in the second rank, Esfarayen ranked third with score (0.737), Mean and Samalgan with the score (0.892) in fourth place, Jajarm with score (0.933) in fifth place, Farvje with score (0.951) in the sixth rank, Raz in the rank of the priest with score (0.994) At the seventh position and the city of Garmeh with a score of (1) is in the eighth position.

Thorough investigation and monitoring of spatial, social policies pertaining to city zoning ( case : Gorgan )Spatial social policies comprises of sets of apt decisions taken by public entities at different levels including national, regional ,urban and intera urban ones .These would have an impact upon human livelihood as well as the quality of the life and other corresponding urban problems .With regard to urban policy decisions there exists a likelihood that some political key figure layers as well as medias and pressure groups, away from formal mechanism and decision processes being able to prioritize their political wills .The major objective of this paper is to thoroughly investigate and monitor the spatial social inequality policies detected in some zones in Gorgan as this work's study area. From objective side, this study has an applied nature. However, methodologically speaking it relies on a descriptive and analytical approach . This study is based on documentations as well as some mathematical and quantitative techniques including WASPAS ,WSA , COPRAS and Entropy Shannon . This is followed by application of some combining technique including kanderast?. This study suggests that Gorgan 's eight zones show uneven distribution regarding urban services indices. That means that there exists some drastic discrepancies with regard to possession of social justice indices associated with different zones. As such, based on kanderast combination technique, zone 4 possesses the highest value as opposed to zone 1 regarding social welfare. Prioritizing different Gorgan's zones based on urban social services reveals that zones 4,3, and 6 are ranked as the most privileged ones followed by zones 7 and 8 as semi privileged ones. Zones 2, 5 and 1 are ranked as the deprived ones regarding urban infrastructures.It is argued that Gorgan's key corresponding urban figures, more specifically urban politicians and strategic urban planning consultants should reduce spatial inequalities. This can be achieved by utilizing modified, improved urban policies and some budget amendment. The changes along this line will ultimately assure more sustainable urban environments.Key words:Social Policies, Spatial Urban Justice, Decision Making Technique, Urban Planning , Gorgan City IntroductionGenerally speaking, political, social approaches as well as the politics and its social implication have great impacts upon the production of geographical space.This means that the politics along with political space economy aim to pave the way and ultimately shape decent urban spaces for the citizens.In fact, the geographic spaces are the setting of different economic, social and political functions in which affects the production of urban space.It is suggested that the government with its apt policies is capable of transforming urban spatial organization as well. The government is responsible for creation of urban geographic spaces and the corresponding functional structural changes as well as geographic balances and imbalances. Generally speaking, accomplishing targeted and well balanced urban development is the major objective of urban regional planning. Furthermore, urban services are being considered as the most fundamental realm of urban planning policies. Therefore, service allocation processes, due to its impact upon urban livability and promotion of comfort level and well being, should receive prime attention regarding advance urban management.MethodologyThis study has descriptive and analytical nature and from objective aspect it is applied as well. Our approach further bases on the existing relevant documentation in order to compile the required information.The statistical population is comprised of Gorgan's eight zones. Regarding analytical sphere, the study applies WSA, COPRAS, and WASPAS.Results and discussionBased on WASPAS technique those area with value close to 1 are considered to be privileged as opposed to deprived ones with values close to 0 . This study suggests that different zones in Gorgan experience varied value levels regarding welfare indices. As such, zones 4, 8, 6, 7, 3, 5, 2 and 1 with values of 0.4096, 0.4022, 0.3802, 0.2981, 0.2540, 0.1461, 0.1192 and 0.0696 respectively correspond to different hierarchical spectrum level as far as the urban welfare is concerned. This indicates the unfair and unsuitable status of selected Gorgan's zones as far as urban welfare indices are concerned .Based on COPRAS technique, out of 16 urban service indices, zones 4, 1, 2, 5, 3, 7, 6, and 8 with the development coefficient 1 , 0.8222, 0.7423, 0.5762, 0.5762, 0.5013, 0.4076 and 0.1935 respectively correspond to different hierarchical spectrum level as far as the urban welfare is concerned.With regard to the application of WSA technique, zone 4 with corresponding development coefficient 0.5081 got the highest rank followed by zone 3 (0.3226). Zone 6 with development coefficient of 0.3220 holds the third position followed by zone 7 (0.2590). Zone 8 with development coefficient 0.2047 ranked the fifth followed by zone 2 (0.3226 ) Lastly, zone 5 with development coefficient 0.0804 ranked seventh followed by zone 1 (0.0417).Based on kandrast combination technique out of 8 selected zones, zone 4 ranked the highest as opposed to zone 1 (lowest rank) as far as the urban welfare service indices are concerned . Furthermore, zones 4, 3, and 6 are categorized as privileged and abundant zones . This is followed by zones 7 and 8 known as semi privileged ones. However, zones 2 ,5 and 1 are categorized as deprived ones with respect to receiving urban welfare services.Based on forgoing discussions, Kandrast technique would be well justified to accomplish better allocation of urban services and combating spatial inequalities between Gorgan 's different zones. Our study reveals the drastic differences and inequalities among Gorgan's selected zones as far as urban welfare services is concerned. Zone 4, 3 and 6 are categorized as privileged and abundant zones. This is followed by zone 7 and 8 known as semi privileged ones and zones 2, 5 and 1 are categorized as deprived ones with respect to receiving urban welfare services. Regarding fair distribution of urban welfare services, the following recommendations sound appropriate :Urban planning key figures should involve and incentivize citizens in implementation of urban plans. That means more active community participation is highly recommended.

Rapid population growth, lack of resources, and mismanagement have made natural and human hazards more and more a major threat to human societies. This means that neighborhoods and urban areas will become the main source of many potential hazards. The main purpose of this study is to analyze and prioritize the neighborhoods of District 9 of Tehran in terms of residential vulnerability indicators using multi-criteria decision-making techniques. This research is theoretical-applied in terms of descriptive-analytical method and its nature. Therefore, in this study, using Shannon's entropy technique to the indicators (building age, materials used, quality of construction of buildings, floors, block placement status), the study was weighted and using WASPAS models, COPRAS, WSA was used to prioritize the vulnerability indicators of the neighborhoods and finally to achieve a single result in the assessment of the vulnerability of the neighborhoods, the integrated model was used. The results of the consolidated model model show that Fatah Industrial Neighborhoods with a score of 7 and Shahid Dastgheib with a score of (5) in terms of vulnerability in terms of urban housing indicators are at a low level of vulnerability and Imamzadeh Abdullah neighborhoods with Score (3) and Sword with Score (1) are in the average level in terms of housing vulnerability indicators, as well as South Mehrabad, Sar-e-Asiab-e-Mehr and Ostad Moin neighborhoods with a score of (-3) and Dr. Hoshyar neighborhood with a score of (7). -) In terms of housing vulnerability indicators, they are at a high level of vulnerability.

Throughout human history, there have always been arrangements to avoid natural and abnormal events. Passive defense has been for the past decades and centuries the protection and protection of natural and human enemies, and one of the most important approaches and strategies in crisis management in cities has been passive defense; The principle of defense in the creation of cities has always been taken into consideration, so considering land use planning is one of the key principles in passive defense.The purpose of this study is to investigate the religious applications of passive defense in Mashhad; this research is an applied research. At the same time, by nature, it falls into the category of descriptive and analytical research, where the information is collected and categorized into documents, then the information is analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Finally, multi-criteria decision making model (Topsis) is used to categorize the desired information. The results of this study show that most of the religious land uses are located around the city of Mashhad or in other words the primary core of the city. It can be said that the religious open-air area is in a much better condition in the districts one, two and three of Thamen, one district eight and one district 7. In the area of ​​religious access, 47% of the access is between 0 and 500 meters, and with this distance of 2204842 vulnerable 1900460 people fall under this radius. Religious per capita also emphasizes the area of ​​religious and vulnerable cadres indicating that areas one, three and four of the Thamen area, area four of the seven, are most favorable, and areas one and two of nine, area two, eight, Area Three, Area Seven, Area One and Two, Area 11, Area Three, Six and Four, Area Two, Area Three, Area Six, Area Three, Area Five, and Area Two, District 4 are in poor condition

Since urban areas are urban component to the disorder and the absence of security in the city, so the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the aspects of security, both physically and socially, in urban areas is essential. This study aims to analyze the crime and delinquency in the cities of Fars province with multi-criteria decision-making methods of TOPSIS and SAW. This research method is analytical and practical approach to the study of the data Statistical Yearbook 1392 is used as well as for data analysis and statistical software EXCEL is used. The results using TOPSIS technique suggest that the city of Shiraz with a score of (1) is the most insecure areas of crime and Sarvestan city with a score of (0.005) as the lowest crime rate in the province. Results using the SAW technique also represent the highest crime rate in the city of Shiraz (0.544) and the lowest crime rate in the city Sarvestan with (0.003). Moreover, the city of Shiraz has had the worst status over the last few years that is becoming more complex due to immigration that took place in the city.Results using the SAW technique also represent the highest crime rate in the city of Shiraz (0.544) and the lowest crime rate in the city Sarvestan with (0.003). Moreover, the city of Shiraz has had the worst status over the last few years that is becoming more complex due to immigration that took place in the city city.

One of the problems in analyzing hydro-political relations in the river system is that the same factors, such as water scarcity and economic development, can create a wide range of conflicts or partnerships. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the variables and indices of effective hydro-political relations between Iran and Turkmenistan. The research method is descriptive-analytic. In this study, in the first place, using the views of experts and experts in political geography and Delphi technique, 15 factors were identified as essential indicators affecting the relations between Iran and Turkmenistan in the future. In the second step, Dimetal method was used to analyze and rank the causes, causality and disability. The results of the research show that factors: drinking water with a score of 1.53, employment with a score of 1.45, water for Agriculture with a score of 1.17, geothermal atrak of Atrak (0.55), conflict of strategic interests of both countries (0.47), geopolitical position of Iran with score (0.34), safety of water resources with a score of 0.15 ) And Turkmenistan's geographic location with a score of (0.04) is in the category of causal indicators and is definitely one of the factors affecting the hydro-political relations between Iran and Turkmenistan. The role of global powers in hydro-political relations with the nation (-0.01), the weakness of water use technology with a score of (-0.08), the influence of countries in providing water-related rules (-45%), judicial security with a score of -0.46, The impact of Iran's regional water crisis on national security with a score of (-0.71), security and energy transfer with a score of 1.13 and weakness of Iran's hydro-politic policies with a score of 1.15 in the category of disabled indicators Which are definitely one of the most challenging challenges.

Old parts of the cities were the best and good urban neighborhoods in the past time. These areas have many monuments elements today. For measuring and identifying of degradation and prioritize of worn- out urban texture is use to decision making methods. The present research problem is abundance and prioritizing of worn- out texture in Gorgan neighborhoods. The extent of this part of Gorgan is about 150 hectares, equivalent to 5 percent. This research is an applied work with descriptive- analytical methodology. This research data are obtained from field survey and documentary and library studies and using of the statistical block of the census in 2011. In this research, the historic and worn- out neighborhoods of Gorgan have been prioritized with using of (WASPAS) decision-making techniques. Shannon entropy method has been used to weigh indices and to evaluate the effect of each index. The results of this research show that Bazaar and Shirkosh neighborhoods with 1.4090 points are ranked first and with good conditions. Shahzadeh Ghasem neighborhood with 3328.0 points, Bagpalang neighborhood with 2916/0 points, Sarkhajahe neighborhood with 2746/0 points, Mikhchegaran neighborhood with 2342/0 points are ranked from second to fifth, this areas have good conditions and urban housing indices. Sarpir and Dabaghan neighborhoods with 2322/0 points, Maydan Abbasali with 2214/0 points, Mirkarim and Nohtan neighborhoods with 2054/0 points, Nahlbandan and Passarv with 0/600 points, Darbeno and Doshanbehi with 1716/0 points, Sabzeh Mashhad, Sarcheshmeh and Chaharshanbehi neighborhoods with 1668/0 points, have ranked from sixth to eleventh.

Millions of tourists visit the historic sites of war around the world every year, and predicted that war tourism in the 21st century will not only be a major subset of bitter tourism but also become one of the most popular types of tourism The movement of war is a service activity that has been developing rapidly in recent years. Meanwhile, Iran has many potentialities in war tourism, which is the legacy of Iraq's imposed war against Iran, the most important potential of war tourism in Iran. To analyze the data on the tourism infrastructure of the Holy Defense in the province of Ilam, extracted from the Statistical Yearbook of 1395, the combined multi-criteria decision-making techniques (WASPAS) in the software environment of the Excel spreadsheet and thus in order to map the spatial distribution of Ilam tourism infrastructure, Arc GIS software has been used. The results of the study show that according to the criteria for prioritizing the cities of Ilam province in terms of the tourism infrastructure of the Holy Defense, Ilam city with a score of 0.612 and Mehran with a score of 0.307 have respectively the first and second ranks are in the possession of infrastructure and have good conditions for the lure, especially the light path. Maleshahi and Sirvan cities with points (0.039) and (0.031) are ranked ninth and tenth respectively and are in very unfavorable conditions in terms of tourist encroachment, which should be considered by authorities and Provincial Land administrations are located in order to prioritize planning in future policies.

The present study aimed to investigate spatial inequality based on educational indicators in the area of Golestan province as one of the border provinces. In order to achieve this goal, 22 educational units were used according to reliable statistics and reliable statistical data of 1392 province. The data collection method is a documentary-type library that has been analyzed using VIKOR and SAW multi-criteria decision-making techniques. First, the distribution of population and distribution of educational indicators based on relative entropy techniques and Gini coefficient were evaluated. Spearman statistical technique was also used to calculate the correlation between population variables and educational indices in cities of Golestan province. The ARC GIS 9.3 software was used to display the spatial-spatial indices. The results of the entropy coefficient show that the distribution of population with the score of 0.8877 and the Gini coefficient with score (0) represents a balanced and proportional distribution of population in the county level of Golestan province. The findings of the Wicver and Saw techniques indicate that the distribution of educational indicators in Golestan province is very heterogeneous and unequal, so that Gorgan (0/725) and Marawehpeyh (0/166) Accordingly, they are the most enjoyable and deprived cities in the province, and there is a huge difference between them. Also, the correlation between population distribution and city rank with Spearman correlation coefficient has been evaluated. The results of the study show that educational indicators in the cities of Golestan province are not based on the distribution factor of the population, which indicates lack of management And proper regional and urban planning.

The smallest housing and the smallest form of physical embodiment is the interconnectedness of man and the environment and the most private space of human life. Obviously identifying the quality levels of housing indices in different urban areas is an effective step in explaining the quality of life levels. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to evaluate the status of housing indices in urban areas of Gorgan. The type of research in this research is "Applied-development" and the "descriptive-analytic" method. In order to analyze the data from the Excel spreadsheet software and to prioritize the areas based on the indicators, WASPAS and WP multi-criteria decision-making techniques were used. The results show that in the spastic technique of the region 2 with the priority coefficient (355/0) in the first place, the third with a priority coefficient (336/0) in the second order, the seventh with a priority coefficient (315/0) in the third order The first one with a priority coefficient (0.228) in the fourth order, the fifth area with the priority coefficient (0.27) in fifth order, the fourth area with the coefficient of priority (0.263) at the sixth level, the sixth area with the priority coefficient (240 / 0) is in the seventh rank and area eight with a priority coefficient (235/0) at the eighth position. The results of the WP technique show that area 8 with a score of (501/0), area 2 with a score of (273/0), area 3 with a score of (251/0), area 7 with a score of (24/03), area 4 with Score (212/0), District 1 with score (197/0), Area 5 with score (196/0) and Area 6 with a score of (193/0), respectively, from the most stable to the most unstable areas in terms of physical indicators of housing In the city of Gorgan.

 Quantitative and qualitative housing analysis is done through a tool called variables called housing indices that represent different economic, social, cultural and physical dimensions of housing. Housing is a basic human need, and this confirms that governments are legally responsible for ensuring citizens have adequate access to adequate housing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of physical housing indices in eight districts in order to rate the status of districts in terms of quantitative and qualitative indices of housing to prioritize the preparation of a comprehensive housing plan in Gorgan. Thus, firstly, general understanding of the physical status of this area will be achieved for urban managers and planners, and secondly, areas of poorer quality physical planning will be identified and prioritized in terms of planning. In general, the most important goal of this study can be summarized as follows: The need for a proper and adequate understanding of the current situation in order to achieve proper and effective planning in the physical housing situation.

The purpose of this research is applied research and its descriptive-analytical nature with regard to method of work. The data were collected through library and documentary studies. The information was extracted from the official data of the 2011 statistics of Gorgan. The composite indices used in this study to evaluate housing status in eight districts of Gorgan have been extracted from urban planning and geography and urban planning researchs, including: x1 Residential Infrastructure (m), x2 Residential Area (m), x3 Gross Residency, x4 Single Floor Buildings, x5 One Storey Infrastructure (m), x6 Residential Area Only, x7 Population, x8 area (m), x9 net residential density, x10 three-story buildings, x11 three-story buildings, x12 two-story buildings, x13 two-story buildings, x14 percent occupancy, x15 per capita and x16 are building density (m). Since each of the 16 indices have different significance coefficients, Shannon entropy method is used to weight the indices. After determining the weight of the indices, multi-criteria decision-making methods have been used to classify the areas in terms of housing indices. Gorgan city with an area of 3669 hectares is located in the northern cities of Iran and the center of Golestan province, located in the southeast of the Caspian Sea. Its average elevation is 155 meters. The city extends to 54 degrees 26 minutes east longitude and 36 degrees 50 minutes north latitude on the north slope of the Alborz Mountains. Currently, Gorgan has a population of 354,000 with three regions and eight districts, covering a population of 115,000 in 1st region, 124,000 in 2nd region, and 114,000 in 3rd region.

The obtained relative entropy coefficient was 0.931, which is very low at 1, indicating a balanced population distribution in Gorgan. The results of the waspas model show that the urban areas of Gorgan, in terms of urban housing indices, are at different levels, out of 8 urban areas, Area 2 in the south of Gorgan, and in the favorable part of urban climate with priority coefficient (0.355) ranks first in terms of urban housing indicators. Area 3 in the north of Gorgan with priority coefficient (0.336) in the second rank; Area 7 in the eastern entrance of the city with priority coefficient (0.315) in the third rank; Area 1 with priority coefficient (0.289) in the fourth rank; Area 5 with priority coefficient (0.270) in fifth order, Area 4 with priority coefficient (0.263) in sixth order, Area 6 with priority coefficient (0.240) in seventh order and Area 8 with priority coefficient (0.235) ranked eighth in terms of urban housing indicators. This indicates the poor condition of Gorgan city in terms of urban housing indicators. Of the Gorgan city areas, Area 2, which includes the southern part of Gorgan, and the newly constructed parts of the city, built on the principles of engineering and commensurate with the properties of the almonds, is the best in terms of housing indexes and Area 8, which contains centralized and downtown tissue, for some reason, including old tissue, has a high population and inadequate housing, and has the worst situation in terms of urban housing indicators. The WP model results show Area 8 with score (0.501), Area 2 with score (0.273), Area 3 with score (0.251), Area 7 with score (0.243), Area 4 with score (0.212), Area 1 with a score of (0.197), Area 5 with a score of (0.196) and Area 6 with a score of (0.193), respectively, from the most stable to the most unstable areas in terms of housing physical indicators in Gorgan city. Examination of the current status of physical indicators of housing in Gorgan shows that the housing situation in different parts of the city is not equal and has a significant difference with the principles of justice. However, a look at the status of different housing indicators in different areas reveals that a significant percentage of housing has been created without regard to existing principles and standards.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of housing indexes in eight districts in order to rank the status of districts in terms of housing indicators to prioritize the preparation of a comprehensive housing program in Gorgan in order to gain a general understanding of the physical status of this area for urban managers and planners, identify areas of less favorable physical quality and priority in terms of urban housing planning. Finally, it can be said that Areas 3 and 2 are in stable condition in relation to housing properties. Areas 1, 5 and 7 are in semi-stable housing terms. Areas 8, 6 and 4 are unstable in terms of housing indicators.

The housing category is very extensive and has different spatial, architectural, physical-physical, economic, and social dimensions. To provide this commodity, governments have taken different policies in such a way that post-revolutionary politics Various types of housing have been considered in order to support low income groups and groups in the country. One of the most massive and costly housing policies for low-income groups in Iran is the Mehr housing policy. The purpose of this study was to measure the housing design concept of Zareein city of Gorgan city in terms of urban housing sustainability indicators. The current research is applied-developmental and descriptive-analytical and survey method, which has been evaluated in the form of four indicators of physical, economic, socio-cultural and ecological stability. To analyze data and information from SPSS software, Friedman test, Pearson correlation coefficient and single sample t-test. According to Friedman test, the results show that the lowest status of housing stability indices is among the components of physical dimension (2.48) to the type of materials. Most of the economic aspects of housing (3.34) are related to the cost of housing. In the socio-cultural dimension, privacy of households has the lowest (2.47). Environmental components are least associated with the lack of parking space and green space (2.12). The highest correlation was found between the cultural and physical dimensions of housing, which is a positive correlation and correlation coefficient is equal to (0.46),

Today, communications and information play a fundamental and undeniable role in human progress and the development of societies. In this research, using the indicators of communication and information, we have focused on the level of information society society in the city of Golestan province. The research methodology is descriptive-analytic in nature and has a practical-developmental purpose. The required data are collected by library and documentation method. The techniques used in this paper are the feature coefficient, class difference difference, coefficient of variation, and the model of the wikker, and the Shannon Entropy method was used for scoring. Also, for analyzing the data, Excel software Has been used to display it as a spatial distribution of ARC GIS 9.3 software. The findings show that there is a significant difference between the city of Gorgan and the other provinces of the province in terms of having indicators of the information-communication society. Based on the results of the technique, the coefficient of feature of Gorgan city with a high attribute of 3355792 has a significant difference with other cities of the province and is tangible with the second city of the province in terms of having the indicators of the information and communication society - Gonbad Kavoos city with a coefficient of 623117 Should be. The combination of the results of the feature coefficient technique for classifying the province's cities in the class dispute resolution model is only in the Gorgan region in the first floor of the development and 13 other provinces in the province are placed in the deprived floor, namely, the fifth floor. The calculation of the coefficient of variation for analyzing the distribution of indicators also shows that the index of the number of printers with a rate of 3.24 is the distribution of inequality between the provinces of the province. The results of the viik technique show that the city of Gorgan focused on the indicators of the information-communication society and is the most deprived city in Gomishan.regional expansion, multi-criteria decision, Entropy, VIKOR, Golestan province.

One of the most important factors for sustainable development in the Declaration of Agenda is the twenty-one reduction in urban inequality. Therefore, the necessity of recognizing the current status of the indicators of spatial justice and evaluating urban spaces for any physical, economic, and social planning is desirable in order to desirability is inevitable.

The method of this research is descriptive-analytical with the nature of the developmental application that uses spatial-urban planning techniques to identify aspects of spatial-spatial inequalities in the regions of Gorgan. The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the spatial distribution of components and indicators of services and facilities within the city to prioritize and enjoy the levels of urban areas of Gorgan. For analysis of urban services data, TOPSIS, Concurrency and Multi-Criterion Optimization (VIKOR), Simple Weighted Weights (SAW) solutions in the Excel spreadsheet software environment, and to achieve one the single result is used in the integration technique.

The results of the Topsis technique show that Zone 2 of Zone 2 with the development coefficient (0.5057) ranked first and as the area with Zone 2 and Zone 1 with the development coefficient (0.04117) the last rank Has it These conditions are also apparent for the viqueur technique, so that zone 2 is the most favored region of the 2 with the viquo coefficient (0), and region 2 is the most deprived of the area 1 with the viquo coefficient (1).

The integration technique also shows that zones 1 and 2 of area 2 have zones 1 and 2 of the semi-arid zone 3, area 3 of area 3 is low and areas 1, 2 of area 1 and area 3 of area 2 are excluded.

The idea of livable cities is a new approach in which a comfortable urban environment is defined as a place for living, physical activities (urban facilities, infrastructure, spatial planning, etc.), and non-physical aspects (social relationships, economic activities, etc.). Whether living in urban or rural areas, every human being seeks to achieve desirable, satisfactory, and meaningful livelihoods which naturally requires a set of contexts and factors to enable humans make a living for themselves and their society founded on long-term welfare and comfort. Certain authors view such conditions as synonymous to livability or proper conditions for living. In general, the concept points to a set of objective features that transform a place into an environment where people would be willing to live in, both in present and future. Urban livability is concerned with aspects that play a role in increasing quality of life. Increased quality of live would, in turn, influence lifestyle and healthcare conditions, enhancing the sustainability of the built environment. One of the main causes of cities’ failure with regards to livability are their lack of identity which may be the result of the absence of many essential activities for urban vitality and enthusiasm as well as the poor quality of urban design and architecture. Gorgan is also facing issues. The expansion of the city of Gorgan has caused many changes and on the other hand, due to the rapid growth and development of the migration and the inefficiency of urban plans, has caused many problems in the economic, social, and environmental aspects that have made the city's viability decline. Gorgan has not resolved these issues. It is then necessary to examine its viability. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the biodiversity of Gorgan.

Since livability is a general concept, it deals with other notions such as sustainability, quality of life, spatial quality and healthy communities. Given the latest theories in urbanism, it can be said that the principles present in many of these theories such as sustainable development, smart growth, new urbanism, and compact cities are close to those with livability and quality of life enhancement. Subsequently, the criteria and indices under the focus of these theories can be applied to increase the livability of cities and urban regions. In other words, livability is multifold, hierarchical concept that may form in different levels as a set of criteria or sub criteria.

The present applied research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. The total population of the study included the residents of Gorgan city regions. Data were collected using library and document studies while raw data were extracted from Grogan city land use. The Shannon Entropy technique was employed to assign weights to livability indices used in the study. The ELECTRE model was also used to evaluate the extent of livability in Gorgan city regions.

Results obtained from applying ELECTRE model to six regions of Gorgan city show that 404.20 hectares of the regions’ total area, that is, 11.14% involves very low livability, while 1577.41 (42.02%), 675.2 (18.62%), and 1022.5 (28.20%) hectares involve low, medium and high livability, respectively. The results indicated that the majority of Gorgan city regions are located in low livability areas.

In recent years, urban livability has been considered as one of the most important criteria indicating the level of comfort and welfare of societies at various levels; it has also been the focus of urban affair planners and managers. Subsequently, prioritizing and determining the extent of entitlement and deprivation in terms of livability aspects in urban regions are of major importance. In the present study conducted with the purpose of uncovering the status quo of Gorgan city regions, 16 indices were indicated for assessment. The ELECTRE model results showed a drastic difference between various regions of Gorgan city. Regions 7 and 8 involve the highest level of livability compared to other regions. Conversely, certain regions such as 1, 2, and 3 involve fewer facilities compared to regions 7 and 8 despite the fact they accommodate fewer population; these regions have failed to meet the needs of their residents efficiently in terms of livability conditions, being at very poor levels. Consequently, a set of recommendations were posed to enhance the level of livability in Gorgan such as increasing the area of green space per capita and construction of new, large and suitable parks with respect to the presence of unused lands as proper areas to be transformed into green spaces as well as providing necessary facilities, providing financial services and credits for deprived regions, particularly region 3 of Gorgan.

In the past decade, the world has faced huge urban problems. In response, the scientific centers and urban organizations have proposed various theories, including smart urban growth, neourbanism, sustainable development, and at present, the concept of good urban governance as the most effective, low-cost, and most sustainable method of proper management to solve the problems. A good urban governance can be defined as the urban affairs’ administration process with the constructive engagement and cooperation of the three state, private, and civil society sectors in order to achieve a healthy and high-quality city with high livability and sustainable urban development. The present study aims to prioritize good urban governance indicators in Gorgan city. The research method is descriptive-analytic based on library and field studies. The following 9 good urban governance indicators are chosen. Participation, community-based, accountability, transparency, accountability, efficiency and effectiveness, security, equality and the rule of law, which are among the most important and fundamental indicators of the United Nations to assess and prioritize good urban governance elements. The results of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) show that the participation index is in the first priority, communitybased is ranked second, and the accountability index with the rate of .139 is ranked third. Transparency with a rate of .114 is ranked fourth, accountability with a coefficient of significance of .072 is in the fifth order, and efficiency and effectiveness is ranked sixth. The security index is ranked seventh, equality index with the coefficient of significance of .026 is ranked eighth, and ultimately, the rule of law with the coefficient of significance of .017 is ranked ninth.

The present age is the age of urban vulnerability, Because, with the complexity of urban life, cities face a variety of natural hazards and technological crisis, on the one hand, and social-security crises on the other. In this regard, compliance with the requirements of urban use with regard to passive defense should be taken. In this research, in the first place, due to the sensitivity of urban utilities, which are considered as critical, critical and important centers of the cities. And they are at the top of the attack, with their damage causing the city to be paralyzed and surrendered, And alternatives have been presented to suit these uses in accordance with the requirements of non-operating defense. The city of Gorgan is one of the major cities of Golestan province due to its strategic position in the northeast of the country, which links the west to the east and has the privileged economic and social status. The present study is a descriptive-analytical method based on developmental and applied research and is based on library studies and field studies. The findings of this research show that the principles of non-operating urban defense in the use of Gorgan city have not been considered. So that in areas 1, 2 and 3 of area 3 in northern Gorgan and areas where the road belt separates it from the city It is most vulnerable to areas 1 and 2, Zone 1, which is south of townspeople, including the northern Golshahr neighborhoods, south, central, hollow towns, minagels, Soroush and beautiful cities with more favorable conditions in terms of the principles of non-urban action.

‘Smart city’ is an important topic in urban studies. Because of the important role of urban transport, managers and planners have paid special attention to the monitoring of public policies as well as efficient management and urban planning in this regard. In this study, smart  transportation is evaluated through the indecis of scrolling, the perceptions and opinions of experts and citizens about urban transport, the objective indicators derived from secondary data, and occasionally both indicators. The present research uses a descriptive-analytical method, and the data are collected through questionnaires given to professionals and citizens in the examined area. The data are gathered from 383 citizens and 40 specialists in proportion to the population in each of the studied localities. The data are analyzed by the Arc Gis and Spss21 software programs, Pearson correlation coefficients, chi squares, and t-tests. The results of the study show that traffic management and satisfaction of citizens are related significantly. Also, objective indicators (e.g. income, monthly expenses, and means of transportation) and satisfaction of the citizens have a significant relationship. The traffic management center is considered as the center of operational services. Therefore, it is essential for this center to set and achieve objectives that lead to an appropriate level of satisfaction among the citizens.

Today, territorial boundaries are among the most important national and international issues. From the point of view of political philosophy, the geographical boundaries and their security are one of the main elements of modern and developed states. The southeastern border areas are subject to various developments, each of which can be triggered by large and small events; therefore, it should focus on the indices of territorial security in these areas and its people. The development of border areas in different sectors has had an impact on the security of the borders, and the expansion and existence of security is a factor in the growth and prosperity of various other sectors, including economic, cultural, developmental and developmental sectors in the agricultural and industrial sectors. The method is descriptive-analytic in this research. In this research, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (S.W.O.T) of sustainable security in the border region were studied and analyzed according to SWAT model. The results showed that the stable security situation in Sistan and Baluchestan province follows the aggressive pattern. Given the definition of this template, we need to adopt strategies that will exploit the strengths to exploit future opportunities and secure security. Finally, according to the current situation, prioritization of appropriate strategies for alignment of border regions was identified. The findings of the prioritization of the strategies show that among the developed strategies, the highest attraction is the maximum preparation of law enforcement forces and especially the border to deal with insecurity and takfiri-terrorist groups.

Socio-political approaches have always played an important role in space production. One of the political-social relationships that creates space is the realm of politics. Politics By relying on the political economy of space, cities provide regional space for the optimal use of the population, as well as the spatial organization of the regions and cities, with the help of the element of the state. That is, governments have a crucial role in policymaking in shaping them. The government is contributing to the creation of geographic spaces such as cities and the structural and functional changes in space, such as creating a balance or geographical imbalance. Urban-regional space is a reflection of political and economic functions, and political, social, and economic functions play a role in space production, and space is also the bedrock of different functions that focus on city and area in urban planning And requires a targeted and balanced developmental area. The purpose of this research is to analyze and measure socio-economic development and spatial inequality policies in the southeastern border region of Sistan and Baluchestan province. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method and the method of data collection is documentary. Also, the WASPAS quantitative and decision-making models, and the Arc Gis geographic information system have been used. The research findings indicate that the socio-economic development indicators of the space are not distributed in a balanced way, and the significant difference between the urban-urban spaces of Sistan and Baluchestan province is considered for the development level indicators.

Undoubtedly, the highest and most sublime element that is fundamental interference in the existence of the society, culture and society. Basically culture of each community, identity and existence of society and the diversion of culture, though society from the economic, political, industrial and military is powerful, but is empty and hollow.
No doubt all human doctrines and political systems, the Android development community have agreed to strive for excellence and do not want or can society and system of a fixed level of material and spiritual culture is stopped. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the development of the city based on 30 indicators of cultural Golestan in 1392, is. Applied research and in terms of methodology, is analytical. Information needed for research, through documentary and library have been obtained and analyzed data from Excel software and to rank the city of techniques MCDM VIKOR, SAW, TOPSIS and integrate the results with the technique Cup Land was used. Also the rate of Shannon entropy method is used. The study, based on 14 city Golestan province is the political-administrative divisions. The results of this study, according to Copeland method shows that the city was 28/14 percent, 42/71 percent and 28/14 percent had smoked in the category were deprived city. So most of the city's poor and half are in the city that shows the distribution of various indicators of development in the province, there are many inequalities.

In the process of any decision making including planning, management, evaluation, or control, if we are in search and need of a desirable condition, our goal should be creating a rational and logical balance among different areas by providing them with facilities and services. The first step of such a movement is the recognition of the present situation as well as their facilities and limitations. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of sustainable development principles among the townships of the province of Ilam through 10 sustainable development indicators. The geographical scope of the present study was the 10 townships of the province of Ilam. The indicators under study were collected through the statistical yearbook which included such items as the number of public libraries, institutions of thought nurturing, the number of public library members and showrooms, the capacity of showrooms and hospitals, the number of beds in hospitals, and the number of printing houses, phone lines, and urban transportation vehicles. To achieve this goal, VIKOR and simple average weight (SAW) were utilized. The results showed that Ilam as the capital of the province had the most infrastructure for sustainable development while Sirvan was considered as the most deprived with respect to sustainable development indicators in the province of Ilam. In other terms, the township of Ilam was categorized as an almost developed township and Sirvan and Badreh were classified as the least developed townships. Additionally, in order to evaluate the method of spatial distribution and discrimination of sustainable development indicators in the townships of the province of Ilam, and to determine the degree of correlation between the proportion of population rate of each township and the collected rate from the sustainable development indicators, the spearman technique was used. Hence, first the sustainable development indicators of each township were calculated using the Z-score technique, and then using the spearman coefficient, the proportion of population rate and the correlation between sustainable development indicators and the population rate of townships were measured. The results displayed the existence of a very low and negative proportion and correlation (-0.183) which indicated the disproportionate and unfair distribution of sustainable development indicators in the townships of the province of Ilam.

The use of scientific methods for studying and leveling the regions in terms of developing cultural aspects has led to the recognition of the level of inequalities and is a criterion for trying to reduce and eliminate existing inequalities among them. Therefore, in this research, we tried to study the differences and inequalities between the cities of East Azarbaijan province in terms of the status and levels of cultural indicators. To provide a clear and transparent picture of cultural facilities and services in the form of regional development planning and the determination of the degree of inadequacy. The present study is descriptive-analytical and quantitative. Statistical population includes all the cities of East Azarbaijan province. The statistics and information required from the statistics of the planning and budget organization of the East Azarbaijan governorate have been prepared using data from 10 cultural indicators of 1394. The Shannon entropy method was used to obtain the coefficient of importance of the indices and for analysis, multi-criteria decision making models TOPSIS and SAW were used. The indicators used in this study are: X1 Number of members of the Children's Intellectual Development Center, X2 Number of cinemas, X3 Number of centers for intellectual development of children and adolescents, X4 Number of public libraries, X5 Number of printers, X6 Showroom, X7 Number of spectators , X8 Number of seats for cinemas, X9 Number of cinema halls, X10 Number of members of public libraries. The results indicate an imbalance in the distribution of cultural indicators.