الهام حسینی

Correct operation of electrical equipment together is a serious engineering concern and has caused special attention to the issue of electromagnetic compatibility. In a satellite, electromagnetic compatibility issues should be investigated from the initial phases because methods such as shielding or adding suitable filters are not always operational and optimal. In this article and in the first step of designing a remote sensing satellite, the LVDS bus cabling of the camera, which is on the outer side of the satellite, is simulated with the aim of investigating the necessity of shielding these cables, and the results are also validated with the results of the electromagnetic compatibility test. According to this research, despite the fact that in the RE and RS tests, protecting the LVDS bus cable of the camera, improves the protection ten thousand times in the worst case, but due to the weak interference radiation signal in RE (about E7-8V/m or E4/1-11A/m) and also the small amplitude of the interference signal in RS (about 0.001 V), Shielding is not necessary and only increase the mass cost of the satellite and complexity of the connection. The necessity of simulating CE and CS tests in the next steps is clear.

One of the satellite telecommunication services is the S&F service. In this article, we analyze the service characteristics and explain the impact of them on the design parameters. One of the challenges of telecommunication payload design is the mapping of service parameters to the technical requirements of payload components. First, analytical relationships between service parameters( the number of users, traffic and delay) and technical requirements( network capacity and on-board memory) are presented. Then the protocol stack and their parameters are selected with the aim of optimizing the power and network efficiency considering the link conditions. By identifying the service specifications impact on the design parameters and the design process systematic, payload requirements in order to develop network is easily extracted. One of the effective factors in the payload block diagram design is its reliability. The design of redundancy is proposed by considering the components reliability and the its function with the aim of achieving reliability and reducing fault propagation.

The present study was conducted with aim to investigate the expression of the CYFIP1 gene in the umbilical cord blood (UCB) of newborns and its possible relationship with different categories of pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, birth weight and infant status for gestational age.

This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2020 to 2021 on UCB of 118 male newborns from Mousavi and Bahman hospitals in Zanjan. According to pre-pregnancy BMI, women were divided into three groups: normal, overweight and obese. Each UCB sample was divided into two parts. A part was used to analyze the lipid profile including low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). mRNA extraction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed to investigate the expression of CYFIP1 gene. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software (version 21) and Pearson's correlation test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The expression of the CYFIP1 gene was elevated in UCB from women classified as overweight or obese compared to those with normal weight (p=0.001). UCB of obese women exhibited higher cholesterol and LDL levels compared to normal-weight and overweight women (p=0.001). Positive correlations were observed between pre-pregnancy maternal BMI and cord blood CYFIP1 gene expression (r=0.333, p=0.0001), as well as cholesterol (r=0.520, p=0.0001), TG (r=0.290, p=0.001), LDL (r=0.397, p=0.0001), and birth weight of infants categorized based on gender and gestational age (r=0.262, p=0.001).

Increased expression of CYFIP1 gene is correlated positively with different categories of pre-pregnancy BMI and lipid profile, implying that regarding the role of CYFIP1 gene in brain development, the risk factors contributing to increasing BMI may have negative consequences on fetal health and development.

Among the important factors affecting female infertility, endometriosis (with a prevalence rate of up to 50% in infertile women) has a special place. Endometriosis, which is known as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine tissue, causes a wide range of functional disorders in the process of follicular development and changes in the follicular microenvironment, which ultimately leads to the creation of an egg that is of suitable quality for the formation of The fetus does not have Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate post-translational changes of histones, DNA methylation level and ERβ protein level in the genome of cumulus cells of infertile women with endometriosis.

The present case-control study was conducted at the infertility treatment clinic of Royan Research Institute in 2014. Twenty-four patients were divided into two equal groups. Cumulus cells were obtained from 12 infertile patients with endometriosis and 12 women with male factor infertility (as a control group) under ovulation stimulation protocols for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Extraction of chromatin from cumulus cells was done after stabilization of DNA binding proteins and then cell lysis and preparation of soluble chromatin. The binding and incorporation levels of MeCP2 protein (as DNA methylation marker), two epigenetic markers related to histone modifications (H3K9me2 and H3K9ac), and ERβ protein to chromatin of cumulus cells were evaluated using the corresponding primary antibodies, secondary antibodies conjugated and Nucleosome-ELISA technique. Data were analyzed using independent t-test t and Levene's test.

MeCP2 protein incorporation into DNA was significantly higher in the endometriosis group than in the control group. The level of two epigenetic marks H3K9ac and H3K9me2 in the chromatin of cumulus cells of the patient group showed a significant increase compared to the control group (P<0.05). In addition, an increased level of binding of ERβ protein to the genome was observed compared to the control group.

Epigenetic changes, including histone hyperacetylation and hypermethylation, and DNA hypermethylation of the whole genome of cumulus cells of patients with endometriosis had occurred, accompanied by an increase in the level of ERβ protein binding.

Approximately half of infertility in couples can be attributed to male factors, which may occur in a wide range of causes. Examining seminal plasma parameters is the initial and simplest approach in male infertility evaluation and provides valuable information about fertility status. In this study, the presence and relationship between the concentration of interleukin 35 (IL-35) in seminal plasma and standard parameters of sperm in infertile men were investigated. Semen analysis was performed on semen samples of men referred to the Infertility Center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Semen samples were analyzed in accordance with the laboratory guidelines of the World Health Organization and were divided into three groups including 21 normozoospermic, 21 asthenoteratozoospermic, and 15 azoospermic samples. The seminal concentration level of IL-35 was analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results showed that IL-35 was detectable with different levels in the seminal plasma of studied groups, however, its concentration did not show a statistically significant difference (p>0.05). The correlation analysis between IL-35 concentration and sperm standard parameters showed that there is a significant negative correlation between IL-35 concentration and the normal sperm morphology percentage (r=0.317, p=0.04), while no significant correlation was observed with sperm count (r=-0.27, p=0.08) and sperm motility (r=-0.27, p=0.08). Despite the presence of IL-35 in semen, even in normozoospermic male patients, its role and functional significance have not been determined. The existence of a negative relationship between the IL-35 concentration and the normal sperm morphology percentage can indicate its importance in male infertility status.

Animal studies have shown maternal low/ high-calorie diet during pregnancy can alter metabolism of offspring through change in Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression, as a metabolic sensor. However, there is no study on the effects of isocalorie diet. Herein, effects of two isocalorie diets with different amounts of fat were assessed on SIRT1 gene and protein level in the liver of male and female offspring.

The control group received AIN93G diet. In this diet, 16% and 64% of total calorie were prepared from fat and carbohydrate, respectively. The intervention group received high fat AIN93G diet contained 48% and 32% of calorie from fat and carbohydrate, respectively. In both diets, fat was prepared from soy oil. Diets were isocaloric and 20% of total calorie was provided from protein. Mothers categorized to one of these diets and offspring received the control diet after weaning (3 weeks after the birth).

SIRT1 gene and protein levels were lower in male and female offspring born from mothers received high-fat diet than the controls (p<0.001).

Change in maternal dietary fat, without increase in calorie, effects on gene and protein levels of SIRT-1 in the liver of next generation.

Anesthesia is very important for assisted reproductive technology to provide minimal adverse effects on the oocyte. Defects in the development of the embryo or abnormality in its growth phenomenon lead to IVF failure in most cases. The number of abnormalities in laboratory rats is RAT.

Propofol, Nestonal, and Fentanyl were used for single and combined anesthesia. The sham group was studied to control injection stress by injecting distilled water and the control group without receiving drugs. In the next step, the fertility conditions of the mice were provided. The effectiveness of the drugs is relatively similar to the selected doses, and after counting, cesarean surgery is performed on each fetus, and after the placenta is carefully separated from the fetus, both are carefully weighed, measured, and recorded.

The difference in the number of births was not observed, but the weight of the placenta and the weight of the fetus were investigated as indicators determining the effect of drugs on the fetus, which can be a symbol of fetal abnormalities. The results showed that the drugs used had no effect on conception and its success rate, but they were effective on fetal growth, and propofol had the least effect on abnormalities, and there was a significant difference in placenta and fetal weight between this group and the other group. The birth weight of mice was based on the type of drug, the highest birth weight was related to the drug Nestonal (TP) and the lowest birth weight was related to the drug Fentanyl (PH). Based on the type of drug, the live birth weight of the mice was the highest weight of the live mice related to Nestonal drug (TP) and the lowest was related to Fentanyl drug (PH).

Examining anesthetic drugs to find the safest and best drug is of great clinical and research importance. The study of chromosomal abnormalities is one of the main programs of future studies for the analysis of fetal abnormalities.

In this paper, a waveguide antenna with a saddle-shaped pattern for remote sensing satellite applications has been introduced, and an efficient method to excite the antenna for circular polarization achievement has been presented. With the use of a circular microstrip probe, the mode inside the cylindrical waveguide is stimulated in such a way that the antenna has circular polarization with only one feeding input, and in addition, the input impedance of the antenna is 50 Ω. To achieve the saddle-shaped pattern, plus-shaped guides have been used. These guides are printed as microstrips on the Rogers 5880 substrate. The innovation of this article is in the simultaneous use of directional elements to create a saddle-shaped pattern and a circular probe to create circular polarization in order to design a suitable antenna for LEO remote sensing satellites. After the simulation, this antenna was fabricated and tested. The test results show that the antenna has a real gain of more than 3 dBi at angles of θ = ±65. The axial ratio of the antenna is less than 3 dB in the 8.23GHz for θ values between ±50, which shows that the antenna has a desired circular polarization in this θ angle range.

Photography now occupies a prominent position among photographers. The main concern of the photographic artist was always to record a part of the time to evoke a memory from his mind to the audience, but now on the threshold of the new style of documentary photography, the photographer is looking for a new way to express his inner thoughts from the heart of the society. The intersection of two parts of history, the past and the present may be a reminder of the same sentiment that is trying to be recorded today. That is, by referring to a valuable historical monument with a bright history, the tomb of Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami, the photographer has gone to a lost part of Iran’s religious period, which may have been less discussed in the historical record. Mohsen Bakhsandeh, a well-known photographer in the field of news and documentary photography, who has recorded national awards in his career, now brings us moments from his camera lens that can leave a brilliant background of history, Islam, and rituals in front of us. A better photograph may have a different structure and color as a challenge to the common behavior of individuals at this event. To this end, any action of the persons present in the ritual ceremony may represent their ancestors over the body of this part of the story. Perhaps the tomb of Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami and his Sunni guardians can comfort us in the memory of his territory. But because the documentary photographer is not a neutral and passive recorder of the elements and the scene in front of him. Documentary photography may also have various functions and qualities. Therefore, according to the various purposes and capabilities of representation and expression of documentary photography, in this article, we have examined the characteristics of documentary photography and concepts such as description and interpretation about documentary photography. In addition, the issue raised is that documentary photography takes on what features and artistic aspects due to its vitality and becomes a documentary photo. 

 An increase in the movement of one or more joints beyond the normal range of motion is known as hyper-mobility. However, in most cases, joint hyper-mobility is observed as a confined phenomenon referred to as generalized joint hyper-mobility (GJH). The present study aims to compare and evaluate the prevalence of GJH among Iranian students.

 The present cross-sectional and retrospective study enrolled both male and female students aged 8 to 18 years who were willingly enthusiastic to participate in this study. For this, 1225 students (726 girls and 499 boys) were chosen through the convenience and targeted sampling method. The research tool was a self-assessment 5-part questionnaire for identifying GJH (5PQ; Sensitivity: 80-85%; Specificity: 80-90%) (Hakim & Grahame). Due to the Covid-19 pandemic and no direct access to students, the questionnaire was designed in Google Forms Survey Administration software and distributed online among sports teachers or students through social networks. The data gathered from completed questionnaires were analyzed in SPSS version 22 using the two-way chi-square test.

 The prevalence of GJH among female students (41.2%) was higher than that among male students (30.7%). The two-way chi-square test revealed a significant difference in the rate of GJH between female and male students (p=0.001, ƛ=13.97). According to the results, "gender" accounted for 10% of the prevalence of hyper-mobility in students. The statistical tests revealed that "age" causes no significant difference in the rate of hyper-mobility among students (p=0.54, ƛ=10.79).

 The present study revealed a high prevalence of GJH among Iranian students. The prevalence of GJH among female students was higher than that among male students. Thus, these results entail paying more attention to this phenomenon, as it may provoke physical and psychological complications in the future for students affected by GJH.

According to the World Health Organization, infertility refers to a couple's inability to conceive following at least one year of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Male infertility accounts for about half of the various causes of couples' infertility. This review aimed to investigate the cellular and molecular differentiation of spermatozoa, focusing on the structure of the cytoskeleton, microtubules, actin filaments, motor, and non-motor proteins, to study the known genes associated with their formation and function, as well as the proteins involved in intracellular cargo transport, and ultimately investigate their essential role in maintaining sperm morphology and motility and subsequent male reproduction and infertility. The importance of microtubules in the critical processes of sperm production, transformation, maturation, and fertility of spermatozoa is such that the term "microtubule" has been recently used to denote the microtubule and all microtubule-related components in the sperm cell. The cellular process of sperm evolution and differentiation was discussed first, followed by a description of the cytoskeletal system of the acroframosome-acroplaxome-manchette axis, which is involved in acrosome formation and development, sperm head and flagellum shaping mechanisms, in response to the current and future demands of infertility researchers and clinicians in this emerging field of research. The significance of the aberrant function of different components of the sperm cytoskeleton in creating major disorders associated with male infertility was next inspected to clarify the ambiguous aspects of this complex process.

Background and Aims:

 Shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) can affect the proprioception and disturb the normal neuromuscular reactions that the protect the shoulder joint. There are various therapeutic strategies including stretching exercises to prevent the negative effects of SIS. This study aims to investigate the effects of static, slow and fast dynamic stretching on shoulder joint proprioception in male volleyball players with SIS.

Methods:

 Participants were 18 professional male volleyball players (Age: 26.52±1.5 years, weight: 89.72±7.02 kg, height: 196.78±6.32 cm) in Kerman, Iran suffering from SIS who were selected using purposeful and convenience sampling methods. All subjects were randomly performed one type of stretching exercises for three consecutive days at the same hour and their proprioception were measured by the Leighton flexometer and target angle reconstruction with external and internal shoulder rotations before and after stretching. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.

Results:

 The static stretching signifcantly reduced the shoulder joint proprioception (P=0.001), while the dynamic stretching at different speeds had a significant positive effect on shoulder joint proprioception (P=0.001). There was no significant difference between the two types of slow and fast dynamic stretching (P=0.8).

Conclusion :

It seems that dynamic stretching at different speeds has a better effect on shoulder joint proprioception than static stretching in male volleyball players with SIS.

Achieving economic growth and price stability through monetary, fiscal and exchange rate policies requires coordination. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the relationship between the volatility of these policies in Iran over1357-1396 periods. So that VAR approaches was used. Using the EGARCH method, the volatility of tax revenue, government expenditure, liquidity, interest rate and real exchange rate were estimated. The results of the impulse response test showed that in the long run, monetary policy volatility (liquidity) has a direct impact on financial policy volatility. Also, the volatility of fiscal policy has a negative effect on the volatility of monetary policy (liquidity), but it has not affected the volatility of interest rates. According to the results, financial policy volatility (government expenditures) leading to an increase in real exchange rate volatility and monetary policy volatility (liquidity) also has a negative impact on real exchange rate volatility. Thus, it can be seen that the fiscal policies resulting from government spending and the monetary policies resulting from the volume of liquidity affect each other. They also have significant long-term effects on real exchange rate volatility.

The coordination of monetary and fiscal policies, given the financial crises that have occurred in the last decade, has increased more than ever and has led countries considers coordinating economic policies to deal with the adverse effects of these crises. The implementation of any economic policy is accompanied by instabilities that can affect each other. Accordingly, the present article examines the interaction effects of monetary and fiscal policy instabilities in the Iranian economy. For this purpose, using the Markov-Switching Vector Auto Regression Model (MSVAR) during the period 1978-2017, the interaction effects of monetary and fiscal policies were investigated. The instability of the variables of tax revenues, government expenditures, interest rates and broad money was estimated using the Hadrick-Prescott filter. The results showed that government size instability in regimes of zero and one has a negative effect on interest rate instability. Interest rate volatility in regimes one and two has a significant effect on government-size instability. Also, the size instability of the government did not have a significant effect on the instability of the volume of broad money, but the instability of the broad money in the regime two had direct effects on the instability of the size of the government. The instability of tax revenues in the regime two had direct and significant effects on the instability of interest rates, while the instability of interest rates did not have a significant effect on the instability of tax revenues. Also, the instability of tax revenues in regimes of zero and one had a direct and significant effect on the instability of broad money and the instability of the broad money in the regimes two had direct and significant effects on the instability of tax revenues. Accordingly, in the Iranian economy, the instability of monetary and fiscal policies affects each other under regime conditions.

Providing optimal lighting in the libraries can improve the studentschr('39') health, alertness, and accuracy and it can also reduce their errors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the illumination and ultraviolet radiation at Hormozgan Medical Sciences University study halls in the winter of 2018.

In this cross-sectional study, the natural, artificial, and total illumination was measured at centers of designated stations in all of the eight study halls of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences at  the height level of study tables (80cm) by a Lux meter (model: tes 1339). Ultraviolet radiation was also measured by a HAGNER EC1 instrument equipped with UVA sensor at the levels of the study tables. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS ver.16 software.

The average of natural and artificial general illumination in respectively 62.5% and 100% of the study halls and in the case of local illumination in respectively 50% and 75% of the study halls were less than the national standard level (300lux). In addition, total illumination levels in all cases were higher than the standard value. The male students’study hall in the health faculty had the highest average of natural and total UV radiation and Paramedical school study hall had the highest average of artificial UV radiation.

In general, the illumination levels in the study halls were not satisfactory and in order to improve the situation, it is necessary to consider the type of lighting sources, installation height, uniform distribution of lighting, and arrangement of the windows and study tables.

 Anterior cruciate ligament injury is often non-traumatic and occurs in landing and cutting following an incorrect knee joint alignment. The present study aimed to compare the knee joint kinematic parameters of adolescent female athletes during sidestep cutting maneuver before and after fatigue in predictable and unpredictable settings.

 This is a quasi-experimental study conducted in the summer 2019. The study population consists of all adolescent female athletes in Kerman, Iran. Of these, 49 athletes were selected using purposive and convenience sampling methods. Each subject first ran a distance (10 m) and then made a vertical jump towards the ball at the specified location. Afterwards, she ran to the cutting location (a 3-m distance) and performed sidestep cutting at the specified angle, predictably or unpredictably, before and after fatigue. Kinematic data were recorded at a sampling rate of 200 HZ, and then analyzed in MATLAB and SPSS software using mixed repeated measures ANOVA at the significant level of P<0.05.

 Statistical analysis results showed that sidestep cutting maneuver after fatigue, despite a significant decrease in knee flexion (P=0.001), significantly increased the knee valgus (P=0.001) and tibia rotation (P=0.001) angles.

 There is an increased risk of injury due to changes in kinematic parameters caused by fatigue and unpredictable cutting maneuvers.

Metabolic syndrome is the result of a general imbalance of metabolic processes in the body which increases mortality due to cardiovascular disease. The syndrome has recently attracted the attention of health care researchers to its impact on quality of life. Rational differences and occupational diversity affect the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the disease among Gachsaran oil industry employees. The present paper was a descriptive cross-sectional study. During the years 2016-20173, 360 employees were randomly selected using a questionnaire, Alpikado pressure gauge, and Scala scale. Fasting blood samples were taken to measure triglyceride, glucose, LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol. Diagnosis was performed using NCEP ATP III criteria, with prevalence of less than 10, 10-25 and above 25% as low, moderate and high prevalence respectively. The collected data were analyzed using Chi-Square and logistic regression. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the whole sample was 30.3, 31.2 and 7.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the prevalence of abdominal obesity was 74.1%, thyroid triglyceride 46.6%, high systolic blood pressure 39, HDL cholesterol Low 33, fasting blood glucose was 13.3 and high diastolic pressure was 13%. A reduction in serum HDL cholesterol and one increase in waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and triglyceride were associated with a 15, 14, 7, 4 and 1 percent increase the odds of contracting a disease , respectively. The prevalence of high metabolic syndrome was higher; in addition, the prevalence was higher in men than in women. This indicated the impact of gender differences and occupational situations on the prevalence of this metabolic disorder. Therefore, the necessity of paying more attention to specific occupations in periodic studies is recommended.

The Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting, as a government media, is considered to be the country's largest media, which plays a key role in political events, such as elections. This research is aimed at analyzing the process of news policy of IRIB during the election to the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran. The research, through interviewing the experts, aggregates the data and analyzes these data through the theme analysis. The results of this research are presented as themes. Themes that can be used to prioritize the input of news stories in this media, the categorization of news feeders, the prioritization of long-term, medium-term, and short-term news lines. They will help improve the level of fair treatment during the elections in this media. The proper application of these themes, especially when revising the news headlines, is worth considering for the upcoming elections.

The Quranic narration of the ascension of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is the most common Shiite theme in Iranian-islamic iconography which has always provided a suitable ground for the creativity of Iranian iconographers. The icon "On the Way to Jerusalem" from Shahrokhi account of the Ascension, illustrated in Timuri period and the Ascension Icon by Soltan Mohammad, drawn in Safavi period, are viewed as incomparable "Roqeh"s in religious arts area which while taking advantage of iconography techniques of their ages, contain the figurative elements of the Prophet (PBUH), Gabriel and Buraq. Accordingly, this article aims to find the common structural elements of the two icons and the Shiite elements which influenced the common structures of the two icons. Initially, based on documentary and library analyses, two icons from two different periods were selected and studied from the perspectives of the structure and composition. Afterwards, the influential Shiite elements on these common structures such as the view of the iconographer toward Muhammad light and the complete man were investigated. Through an analytical-descriptive method, this paper is seeking to find the structural similarities and differences of the two icons and the influential Shiite elements of the two icons. The results indicate that in both icons, it is Muhammad light which in Shiite vision is the desirable grace of the perfect man and this complete man has been depicted in the presence of the holy Prophet (PBUH) in the same way, but through two different works.

Serum concentrations of antimullerian hormone (AMH) correlate with ovarian response during assisted reproduction treatment (ART) cycles.

This retrospective study attempted to evaluate the selection of ovarian stimulation protocols based on serum AMH levels in patients and its impact on the results of ART.

Based on AMH levels, the patients with tubal factor infertility were divided in three groups of normal, low and high AMH levels. Oocyte, good embryo number and pregnancy rate in each group were analyzed.

Using agonist and antagonist protocols, an increase in serum AMH led to higher number of oocytes and better quality embryos. At all low, normal and high AMH levels, the agonist protocol led to a more significant increase in the number of oocytes than the antagonist protocol (p

Findings of this study suggested that the ART results are predictable, taking into account the AMH levels. The protocol specific to each patient can be used given the AMH level in each individual. This is because the results of each protocol depend on individual conditions.

Surgical staging is the standard treatment of ovarian cancer. Pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy is the important part of the surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of para aortic lymph node dissection in early stage of patients with ovarian cancer.
This descriptive cross-sectional cohort study was performed on all stage I of ovarian cancer patients admitted in department of gynecology oncology of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in November 2012 to March 2014. Every patient with clinical early stage of ovarian cancer candidate to surgical treatment selected. All cases underwent surgical staging surgery with concurrent systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. In laparotomy after identification of left and right iliac artery, all lymph nodes have been properly exposed and dissected as a part of a staging laparotomy. The dissection was continued up to the nodal tissues surrounding the aorta, and inferior vena cava, until inferior mesenteric artery lymphadenectomy level. The procedure performed only by gynecologist oncologist. In addition, we assessed other parameters such as operation time, estimated blood loss, associated mortality and morbidity and vascular injuries. Finally, the effect of para aortic lymph node dissection in early stage of ovarian cancer evaluated.
Among a total of 57 ovarian cancer patients, 27 of them apparent stage I disease cases were selected. Surgical staging surgery with concurrent systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy was carried for all of them. Positive para-aortic lymph node was found only in one case. The average number removed para-aortic lymph nodes in the pelvis was 9 and in para aortic was 7, respectively. In addition, 20 minutes increase in total length of operation time was observed duo to para-aortic lymphadenectomy. Also the rate increase in intra-abdominal hemorrhage rate was estimated 60 ml.
Lymph node dissection will produce a significant benefit in accurate and complete surgical staging. Staging surgery in addition to systematic pelvic and para aortic lymph adenoctomy in early stage ovarian cancer is preferred in gynecologic oncology centers.

The chromium compounds could be hazardous to human’s health. The aim of this study was to compare the Performance of Electro- Fenton and Fenton process in the removal of chromium in presence of cyanide as an Intermediate in aqueous.
Material & In this experimental study, a reactor with 1 liter useful volume was used. Four electrodes made of iron were used in EF. Parameters of study including pH, Voltage, initial concentration of chromium, H2O2 and cyanide as an intermediate in EF process and pH, concentration of Fe ions, initial concentration of chromium, H2O2 and cyanide as an intermediate in F process were examined.
The results showed that efficiency of EF process in pH=3, Voltag = 20V in 100 mg/lit chromium, was 97%. Also in F process in optimum condition with pH=3, Fe ions = 500mg/lit, H2O2 = 50ml/lit and chromium concentration = 100 mg/L efficiency was 90%. By cyanide addition reactor efficiency was decreased.
EF process outperformed Fenton process in removal of chromium compounds.