بهرام یوسفی

Compared to other regions of the third world, the Middle East is far from the dominant global trends in the political field.The current events in the Middle East region have given rise to the view that the Middle East has been very slow and somewhat resistant in adapting to the accelerated democratization process, the region has basically witnessed the continuous rule of authoritarian leaders.The results indicate that the political developments in the Middle East during the years of World War I and II were influenced by international and Western currents and were not a spontaneous and independent movement from within, but because democracy and political and democratic development require a set of political values.And the orientations of citizens are such as balance, tolerance, civility, effectiveness,knowledge and participation, political culture is considered an important and main factor in the consolidation of political development. The political culture of most of the ruling groups in the Middle East region is based on the patrimonialist attitude (royal, hereditary, traditional),which is rooted in the "style of eastern tyranny" due to deep historical, social and psychological reasons. According to this culture, people are considered sovereign citizens and have no right to compete and participate politically.

The importance of studying political culture lies in its ability to show the process by which demands and desires are transformed into decisions, strategies, and policies. In this regard,the aim of the present research is to demonstrate how the political culture of Iranians, whichhas evolved throughout history, has prominently influenced the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran after the Islamic Revolution. The research method is descriptive-analytical,and the findings show that: the first layer of Iran’s political culture, namely ancient Iranian culture, belongs to the period of Iranian civilization in pre-Islamic empires. During this era, Iran’s national culture was shaped by Iran’s geopolitical position as the center of civilizationand a crossroads of civilizational exchange in Asia, as well as by ideological variables rootedin the divine religions of Iranians and the structure of Iranian governments. In fact, Iran’s geopolitical position, along with the myths, beliefs, values, and convictions of ancient Iranian civilization—deeply influenced by Iranians' religious spirit—played a significant role in the cultural construction of Iran and produced cultural variables that still persist to some extent as stable features of Iranian culture and have a key role in shaping certain aspects of Iran’s foreign policy. These cultural elements were revived during the Pahlavi era in the form of Iranian chauvinism, and the reconstruction of Iran’s ancient identity became the focal point of the foreign policy of “positive nationalism” in the 1950s and 1960s, followed by “independent national policy” in the 1970s.

The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the factors (internal and external) affecting the ecosystem of corruption in sports, so by identifying these factors, competitive corruption is analyzed. The research population is 23 university professors who have a history of research and study in the field of corruption. Based on the literature review and research background, 11 indicators were identified and extracted in 4 main dimensions: a) Contemporary Sports Characteristics. b) Governance. c) Extrapartial Levels. d) Consequence. To analyze the data, the combined method of fuzzy multi-criteria decision theory including ANP based on DEMATEL was used. The results showed that the “Consequence” index and “Extrapartial Levels” were the most effective factors, as well as the indicators of the “Contemporary Sports Characteristics” and “Governance”, were recognized as the most Impressive factors. The results of factor prioritization showed that the main indicators of Governance have the highest final weight. Although the Consequence in the corruption cycle is the last stage of this phenomenon, but in the effectiveness cycle, as the first and most effective indicator, it affects other criteria, because as the primary stimuli, the possibility of perceiving the risks associated with participation. It also explains the profit and loss conditions of corrupt activities. By adapting the system of crime and punishment, increasing financial crimes and severe disciplinary sanctions of corrupt people, severe restrictions on pardoning corrupt officials and preventing their re-entry, and establishment of monitoring systems can play an effective role in reducing sports corruption.

The purpose of this research is to identify and evaluate the factors (internal and external) affecting the normalization of corruption in sports, therefore, by identifying these indicators, sports corruption is analyzed. The research community consists of 23 international experts who have a history of research and study in the field of corruption. Based on literature review and research background, 15 indicators were identified and extracted. For data analysis, the combined method of fuzzy multi-criteria decision theory including: ANP based on DEMATEL was used. The results of the causal-disability relationships of this research showed that the indicators of the external world (8 indicators) were recognized as the influencing factors (cause). Among these, the lost paradise index, the frequency of corruption opportunities, and the low cost of participating in corruption were the most effective, respectively. Establishing a monitoring and investigation system to identify corrupt structures and limit the opportunities for corruption, adapting the crime and punishment system, trying to deal with indifference and social numbness, creating efficient educational systems to bring the society together. With the strategy of denouncing corruption, creating incentive mechanisms for whistle-blowing actions can greatly reduce the tolerance of corruption in the society and eliminate the ease of participation in corruption.

The presence of various stakeholders has challenged the leaders of the league organization with the challenges of planning and allocating offenders and the purpose of this study was to provide strategic analysis of the stakeholders of the organization of the League of Football of the Islamic Republic of Iran. For this purpose, 197 academic experts in the field of marketing and strategic management of sport, managers and staff of the League of Football Premier League, athletics and coach as a sample of the research, responded to the Mandlo (1991) and Saghfi (1393) questionnaire to determine the amount of power, interests, potential (threat and cooperation) And urgent stakeholders. Analysis was performed on the basis of SPSS software. The results indicate that the League has two groups of stakeholders: the main stakeholders (sponsors, national sports media, government and government organs, players and coaches, and referees in the Premier League) and primary stakeholders (Fans and spectators of the league). In the meantime, the government and government agencies have high potential threats and partnerships, and because of the high degree of urgency, a participatory strategy should be considered as an important stakeholder. The results of this research can help managers and planners to understand what strategy they should take in dealing with each and every one of them, and ultimately they can take professionalism with their demands.

Today's competitive environment has become extremely turbulent and one of the ways to deal with the environmental disturbances is to emphasize the historical components and show the stability and stability of the brand. Appealing to the past has become a common thing for consumers today, and brands with images that have components such as credibility, heritage, and stability are gaining popularity. Brand age is defined as consumers' perception of the brand's long existence and is part of the concept of brand heritage. Therefore, the effect of brand antiquity on consumer-brand relationships is well established. However, brand oldness is a general concept with positive implications, but there is no study on the underlying process and especially the set of connections that consumers feel when facing old brands; it is not focused. The associative approach is important because it focuses on the spontaneous activation of learned sets of associations or responses developed by consumers through repeated activation in memory. This activation starts automatically with the presence of environmental stimuli. For example, an indication of the product's country of origin activates associations stored in memory and stereotypes about countries. Therefore, emotions are one of the topics that motivate customers to choose and communicate with a product or service. An emotional connection between the brand and the customer is formed gradually. We live in a world full of emotions; where emotions influence our decisions. For this reason, marketers often try to create an emotional connection between their brand and their customers; this becomes possible when the consumer develops an emotional connection with the brand. Attachment is considered as the strength of the emotional and cognitive relationship between the consumer and the brand. The current research was conducted with the aim of prioritizing the associative consequences of old sports brands. The research method is descriptive and of the type of correlational studies. The statistical population of this research was all buyers of Iranian sports brands. The sampling method is accessible, which was selected from the customers of sports brands in the virtual space. Since the number of the community cannot be counted and it takes a high amount. Therefore, the sample size is based on an unlimited population. Since the number of the population is not known, Cohen's formula was used to estimate the sample size. To be sure, 400 questionnaires were distributed and out of this number, 391 questionnaires were returned correctly and were used in the analysis. In this research, the standard questionnaire of Richard and White (2020) was used. This questionnaire contains 15 questions, which are categorized in the form of 5 components and measures the consequences of association of old brands in the range of 5 Likert options. Form and content validity was confirmed using the opinion of 8 sports management professors. The validity of the structure was confirmed by using the confirmatory factor analysis test and the reliability of the variables was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. In this research, SPSS and LISREL software were used for data analysis to present the model. According to the findings, brand association is effective at 0.90 on experience and expertise, at 0.95 at 0.96 on reminiscence, at 0.96 at timelessness and at 0.85 at tradition. Also, the significant coefficient shows that the indicators are more than 1.96 and it can be concluded that brand association has a positive and significant effect on the mentioned factors. Also, based on the findings, reminiscence, timelessness, maintenance, experience, expertise, and tradition are among the most important consequences of brand association. Therefore, in order to associate the brand, the desired indicators should be emphasized by the marketers. The effect of brand longevity on consumer-brand relationships is well established. However, brand oldness is a general concept with positive implications, but there is no study on the underlying process and especially the set of connections that consumers feel when facing old brands; It is not focused. Consumers are likely to make associations linking aging cues to inferences about brand attributes. For example, if the brand name is old, it may be associated with expertise. Association refers to the connection between the brand and the use (user), including consumers' desire to buy and recommend to others. The force that makes the brand sit in the minds of consumers and influence it is more than the experience of use. In this way, in addition to the value of consumer goods, brands provide meanings for brands that consumers like. Therefore, it can be concluded that experience and expertise in building relationships with customers and maintaining them are essential for any sports brand and will create brand associations. In general, it can be concluded that investigating the consequences of the association of old brands with sports authenticity is necessary for sports organizations that seek to gain popularity and improve the overall status of the organization, because paying attention to these consequences can be an advantage for sports organizations. Create a competition with other organizations and help the organization to attract more people through building a successful brand. Therefore, in order to build a successful brand, managers of sports organizations should focus on the categories identified in this research, so that they can identify the needs of customers and take basic steps to solve them with appropriate measures. Produce appropriate products to retain customers and attract new customers. Therefore, having an original and old brand can put the organization on the path of growth and development. Therefore, it is suggested to use sports brand loyalty programs. The basic branding process starts with the creation of an essence, this essence acts as a rosary thread and connects all the components of the brand together. It is also suggested to pay attention to the characteristics of a brand. The characteristics of a brand are all those things that are conveyed to the audience through a specific instruction through the communication points of the brand. These features can include product packaging, presentation, brand coloring, advertising style.

The problem of this research is to identify and analyze one of the main "soft" threats against the Islamic Republic in Ayatollah Khamenei's security discourse. Security has always been one of the main indicators in his discourse and he has paid attention to it from various aspects. In this research, the main axis is the category of "political security", which faces both "hard" threats and "soft" threats, where "secularism" is considered as the most important "soft threat" of political security. Since the discourse of the Islamic Revolution is structured around the central sign of "Political Islam", its main "other" should be considered "secularism" and this issue is clearly "highlighted" in the political discourse of Ayatollah Khamenei, and attention to the dimension Its security is very important for a more accurate understanding of the "soft" threats of the Islamic Republic. This research, using the discourse analysis method of Lakla Moff, has reached the following findings Ayatollah Khamenei considers "secularism" the main soft threat to the Islamic Republic and "strengthening the spirit of people's belief in Islam", "non-passivity in the face of the phenomenon of Islamophobia", "mixing He considers knowledge and religion, "protecting the Islamic revolution" and "trust in God" as opposites of them, which are the indicators of his political security discourse.

The main purpose of the current paper is the Scientometric analysis of scientific productions in sports science based on the articles indexed in the Web of Science during the years 2012-2022.

In terms of type and nature, the current research is an applied one in which scientific techniques and indicators are used. The statistical population of this research includes all the articles indexed in Web of Science in the 10-year period of 2012-2022 in sports sciences. VOSviewer software was used to draw the co-authorship network of organizations, the density map of countries and the co-occurrence of words.

The results stated that the highest and lowest scientific productions in the focused area were in 2021 and 2012, respectively. According to the data obtained from the VOSviewer software, there are 36 nodes and 335 links in the map. The topics of "higher education", "sports science", "performance", and "physical training" were identified as the topic clusters of the field based on the clustering of high-frequency words. The countries of Spain and Australia have more density in articles than Italy, Germany, Turkey and republic of China (p<0.01). The cluster analysis of the co-authorship network of countries in the field of sports sciences states that the network consists of 5 distinct clusters.

The convergence of various words such as "exercise", "education" and "sports" in drawing the scientific map illustrates the importance and necessity of the awareness in researchers interested in the topic, who can introduce the best author, country and organizations and also draw a proper picture and insight of the process and content of this field.

One of the strategies that different governments use in certain circumstances to secure their national interests is to apply the theory of deterrence. Considering that today the main concern of the countries in the region and the great Western powers in the Persian Gulf region is the issue of security, and considering that the Islamic Republic of Iran has always rejected the interference of foreigners in the Persian Gulf region and emphasized on collective and local cooperations. As a result, Iran's views on security in the Persian Gulf and its policies have been shaped by internal factors such as opposition to the presence of foreign powers in the Persian Gulf region. The general result of these factors has led Iran to oppose any role for foreign powers, especially the United States, in the security arrangements in the Persian Gulf. In this research, using a descriptive-analytical method and using the theoretical framework of neoclassical realism and the theory of defensive realism, Iran's strategy in providing security in the Persian Gulf region has been studied.

Since consumers are the turning point of all marketing activities and the purchase of sports products is increasingly successful. Thus the current study was designed to determine analyzing the role of ethnocentrism and the consummate world of urbanism on the preference of domestic and foreign sports brands with considering the mediating role of product quality. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and, based on the type of research method, a cross-sectional descriptive correlation based on structural equation modeling that was conducted in the field. The statistical population was students of the Islamic Azad University of Physical Education in the centers of the western provinces of the country. Using multi-stage cluster sampling and using the maximum likelihood method, 300 students were examined. SPSS statistical package was used for data analysis and the structural model was implemented with Amos22 software and the research hypotheses were tested. The results showed that the variable of consumer ethnicity directly and mediated by the quality of product performance could have a significant effect on the preference of domestic and foreign brands among students. While the variable of consumer urbanism did not affect the variable of preference to buy domestic brand over foreign and due to the lack of significance of the path coefficient was not able to predict the preference of buying the domestic brand. In general, the findings of the study confirm the main hypothesis expressed in the concept of ethnicity, people prefer to use domestic goods because of the insider goods.

One of the important applications of scientometrics is the drawing scientific maps, which is done using various techniques, including co-citation. The aim of this study was to draw a scientific map or the intellectual structure of the sponsorship in sports in the Web of Science (WoS).

This scientometric study was conducted using co-citation analysis. The statistical population of the current study was all research articles in the field of sponsorship in sports during 2002-2022, indexed in the WoS and used the keyword "Sponsorship in sports". After the data were extracted from the database, they were analyzed using the VOSviewer software and the co-citation method.

The scientific map of sponsorship in sports consists of 5 thematic clusters (sports sponsorship, financial sponsorship, sports, impact and performance) related to financial sponsorship in sports. The number of words studied showed that the topics published in the journal had a diverse thematic distribution. The distribution graph of vocabulary degree was of power type, indicating that a large number of words co-occur in different articles and a smaller number of words located at the end of the degree distribution graph or at the beginning of it had few co-occurrences of words. In addition, based on the number of societies formed, it was found that the authors of the articles tended to form small scientific groups in the form of universities or research institutes of their respective organizations.

Foreign research considers the existence of a competitive structure in the economy of countries as a driving factor for the development of financial support for sports, but domestic research has examined the factors that prevent the attraction of financial support.

The goal of human resource development, in all societies, is primarily to eliminate gender discrimination and ensure mental and physical health, and sport has always strived to provide a world free of deprivation and restriction. The purpose of this study is to identify the consequences of banning the presence of Iranian women in football stadiums and watching men competitions. In this qualitative-analytical study, 45 experts in the field of sports and women's health from the top universities in the country in 2020 were interviewed. The sampling method was theoretical and purposeful. Data analysis was performed by open and axial coding method. After coding the concepts, two concepts of positive consequences and negative consequences were identified. In the group of negative consequences, 24 concepts were identified in the form of 3 categories of psychological, social and cultural consequences and in the group of positive consequences, 4 concepts were identified in the form of categories of cultural consequences and its model drawn. The results of this study showed that this ban causes the most harm socially and psychologically, and the positive and negative cultural categories are less affected. Managers and officials are expected to take basic steps to ensure the mental health of women eager to watch football.

Brand is one of the most important intangible assets of any organization; as such, the strategic analysis of the factors influencing brand development is vital in any organization including Iran’s Premier League. Accordingly, the present study aimed at investigating the factors affecting the development of the brand of the aforementioned football league based on the Matrix of Boston Group Consultants and the gray fuzzy approach.

The population of the study consisted of the faculty members in the field of sports marketing, and active football experts, as well as the executive managers of the football league and some other people who were aware of the subject (including football marketing and branding researchers). In the qualitative phase, 18 individuals were selected via the snowball sampling method and in the quantitative phase, 113 experts were selected as the statistical sample based on non-probability judgment (expert opinion). The qualitative data were analyzed using grounded theory and the quantitative data were analyzed through the fuzzy logic approach using Excel.

Via open coding in the qualitative phase, 178 badges that were effective on the brand's development were identified and were then categorized into 35 concepts and 10 categories through axial and selective coding, respectively. In addition, in the quantitative analysis using fuzzy gray relationships, the strategic situation of each of the dimensions and components of brand enhancement was examined and considered.

Due to the significance of the identified components and appropriate planning, it is recommended that the administrators promote the brand of the Iranian Premier League in accordance with the identified priorities.

The aim was investigating the economic effects and development of a scenario of women's presence on the development of the economy of Premier League football for the horizon of the year 1416. Through 25 interviews with experts and specialists, the factors affecting the financial strength of the league were identified. Based on the causal circle diagrams based on the interviews and research background, the drawing and financial capacity of the league was considered as a mode variable. The dynamic system model of women's participation policy in league matches was designed based on identified factors. The economic conditions of the two leagues were estimated based on the current trend for the next few years, and then the appropriate strategic strategy for estimating the presence of women in all competitions on the league economy was approved. With the decreasing trend of spectators and the economic crisis, the presence of women in the Premier Football League can be provided to the league organization, the football federation and sports clubs as an important strategic strategy in solving this problem.

The purpose of this research was to value sport as a public good (case study: Iran's participation in the Asian Nations Cup).

The research method was descriptive and it was in the category of applied research. The statistical population of this study included the population of Kermanshah province in an unlimited number, from whom 385 people were selected based on Morgan’s table and random stratified sampling. To investigate the research variables, the Humphreys et al. (2018) questionnaire, consisting of 15 yes/no items, was used. To analyze the data, the inferential statistics of logistic regression and diagnostic logistic regression were used by SPSS software.

The findings showed that the variables of honor, encouragement, satisfaction, performance and interest in paying attention to the community were more important than other factors. The age groups of above 61 years old, 60-46 years old, and income groups of above 5 million and 3-5 million were more willing to pay more for winning the championship title than other age and income groups. Findings also revealed that 0.38% were willing to pay to win the title of the national football team in the Nations Cup, and 0.62% were reluctant to pay.

Therefore, community policymakers should focus on solving peoples’ economic problems, so that by increasing income and improving people's livelihoods, they will be more inclined to support the national football team. The relevant authorities can help improve the performance of the national football team in international competitions by providing full support to those teams in terms of finances, technology, facilities, equipment, etc., so that the reputation of the national team will rise globally, creating pride for the people of the country and increase their willingness to pay.

Obama’s announced policies and approacheshad realistic consequences despite  his emphasis  on economic cooperation, new regional and international capacity building, democracy, human rights, multilateralism, and smart power, whereas the focus in  Trump’s unilateral and offensive  policies was on American values. Trump’s administration regarded national interest as the most influential factor in foreign policy.This descriptive-analytical study aimed to examine its hypothesis using the data collected from printed and online sources together with  the propositions of the theories of defensive and offensive realism, and to answer the following question: “How can the United States’approachtoward the world order under Obama and Trump’s administrationsbe explained using the theories of offensive and defensive realism?” According to the findings, Obama’s foreign policy improved the functional capacities of the international organizations and institutions despite observing the principles of realism by paying special and intelligent attention to national interests, military power, and the importance of diplomacy and soft power. Incontrast, Trump’s foreign policy increased the importance of hard power, decreased the importance of diplomacy and negotiation, reduced the importance of international institutions, facilitated the trend of moving towards a multipolar world order, and increased pessimism about security trends, occurrence of new regional and international arms races and, finally, the level of differences.

As the most important legal text, the constitution determines the behavioral and institutional framework in the Islamic Republic of Iran. On the other hand, one of the causes of the Islamic Revolution for the originators and the legislators is the issue of society and individuals’ independence and freedom in the face of the government. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the position of civil society and the rights of individuals from the political modernity point of view. To do so, the main research question is, “what is the position of the political modernity components in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran?”. It is a descriptive-analytical study. The data has been collected by the library and documentation methods. The Islamic Revolution discourse has tried to establish the political order under the political Islam discourse, which implements the Islamic and religious teachings in society and somehow directs the society towards spiritual and divine development. It brings about otherworldly prosperity for the concept of citizenship. On the other hand, according to Maurice Barbier, political modernity is based on the structural separation of the government, civil society, and the individual. In other words, modernity, in its political aspect, is based on respecting each mentioned component. The findings indicate that the components of civil society and the rights of individuals have been emphasized in the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1978 was the beginning of the hegemony of a new discourse in the form of religion in the contemporary world, which was able to change the view of Iranian society into two categories of religious government and look to the future. This discourse created a new movement towards the new Islamic civilization, a new horizontal horizon not only in Iran but also in most Islamic countries and in the international arena. Therefore, it has always been necessary that in order to achieve Islamic civilization, a sub-discourse should be formed as an accelerating factor within the discourse of the Islamic Revolution, which seems to be present in the discourse of resistance. Therefore, the main question is what characteristics this discourse should have in order to push the Islamic system towards the new Islamic civilization as quickly as possible. This article intends to introduce the mentioned discourse as one of the necessities of achieving a new Islamic civilization by using the method of Laclau and Moff discourse analysis method and the Supreme Leader's emphasis on the importance of discourse-building on the characteristics of resistance discourse.

This article compares the role of Obama and Trump in the US foreign policy approach to the international system; In the Obama administration, the use of all components of power and not only militarism was used. While Trump's foreign policy has axes such as power-seeking, nationalism or protectionism, and opposition to the promotion of democracy in the world, in this framework, power-oriented becomes important in American foreign policy. This article is responsible for answering the question, what was the foreign policy approach of the United States of America in restraining the great powers during the presidency of Obama and Trump? In response to this question, the hypothesis of the article is that what differentiates presidents from each other is only in relation to their management methods and priorities and their perception of the quality of the US foreign policy approach to the international system.

The present study was designed and implemented with the aim of sports motivation: the role of ethnic, national and global symbols of urbanism in brands (sportswear). The statistical population of this study included all students of Islamic Azad universities of physical education in the centers of the western provinces of the country (Kermanshah, Kurdistan, Hamedan, Ilam and Lorestan). The instrument of the present study was standard questionnaires. According to the results of the study, it was found that consumer nationalism has an effect on sports motivation of 0.622, which according to the level of T, which is 6.106, it was found that consumer nationalism has an effect on sports motivation. According to the results of the study, it was found that the world of consumer urbanism has an effect on sports motivation of 0.219, which according to the level of T, which is 2.582, it was found that the world of consumer urbanism has an effect on sports motivation. The results also showed that consumer ethnocentrism has an effect on sports motivation of 0.134, which according to the T level which is 1.421, it was found that consumer ethnocentrism has no significant effect on sports motivation.

The United States has used sanctions to influence the development of the oil industry. The present dissertation, with a descriptive-analytical method and using library resources and the theoretical framework of Margaret Doxy sanctions, has sought to answer the question of what effect the imposition of sanctions has had on the development of Iran's oil industry and this sanction how much is set with Margaret Doxy sanctions theorical framwork? The findings of this study indicate that the sanctions imposed in the field of oil against Iran are consistent with the theory of sanctions of Margaret Doxy in general and sanctions on the Iranian oil industry in particular from a practical point of view and are of the type of modern sanctions and classification of sanctions. Presented by Doxy are appropriate and aimed at controlling Iran's behavior in the field of role-playing in the international community in various political, economic, psychological and ideological dimensions, and despite the expectations of sanctions on the impact of sanctions on economic indicators, reduced revenue. And the activities of international companies in the oil industry, sanctions because of the structural problems of the sanctioning countries, such as the deep political divide between the sanctioning countries, and the existence of veto power and the protection of some countries from compulsory sanctions as well as policies adopted by Sanctioning countries and changing foreign trade orientations have not benefited from the necessary international participation, and this has led to the ineffectiveness of sanctions in practical and executive terms. Also, results of the study have shown that the optimal development model of the oil industry in order to optimally deal with international sanctions is the integrated implementation of the development model based on the exploitation and productivity of fields and reservoirs and the development model based on technology.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational support and psychological capital on the ability of employees to work in sports and youth departments in the west of Iran.

This research was descriptive-correlational and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of all employees of sports and youth departments in the western provinces of the country. Data were collected from available sampling; The sample size was 350 based on Morgan table. To collect the data, the standard questionnaire of work ability (Tommy et al., 1991), perceived organizational support of Eisenberger et al. (1986) and Lutans psychological capital (2007) were used. Structural equation modeling method was applied using Smart PLS software version 2.

The results showed that organizational support has a positive and significant effect on psychological capital (0.843), health promotion (0.112) and disease prevention (0.153). Also, psychological capital has a positive effect on health promotion (0.753). And disease prevention (0.773) has a positive and significant effect.

Managers of the General Directorate of Youth Sports in the west of the country are advised to take measures to increase the sense of organizational support to employees and also to improve the psychological capital of employees to increase and improve the ability of employees under their management.

New social networks are effective tools in expanding knowledge and political awareness. Therefore, in the new age when these networks have found an important role in communication and virtual space has become the arena of various personal and social exchanges, it is necessary to pay more attention to their role. Therefore, the current research, taking into account the importance of these networks in today's Iranian society, considers four modern social networks, including WhatsApp, Instagram, Telegram and Twitter, and deals with the issue of how the usage of these networks is related to It has the category of political awareness and social anomie. For this purpose, the views of the citizens of Ilam province were investigated with a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of this research is the residents of Ilam province aged 18 and above and the sample size is 440 people. Data analysis was done with tools used in social science research (SPSS 23). The results of the research showed that there is a significant relationship between the use of new social networks and political awareness with a coefficient of 0.197. Also, there is a significant relationship between the use of new social networks and social anomie with a coefficient of 0.264. In separating the impact of each of these networks, only the WhatsApp social network does not have a significant impact on political awareness and social anomie.

The purpose of the present research is to study liberal political system in the ideas of Leo Strauss. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that Leo Strauss emphasizes on natural rights and classic political philosophy and that he criticizes liberal democracy. In his view, liberalism would lead to the omission of religion and emergence of secularism. Leo Strauss recognizes a secular society as the worst form of community because it leads to individualism, relativism, nihilism, and lack of meaning.