بهزاد غفاری

Today's battles show that air defense units, which are designed as classic units to deal with air attacks, will face challenges in dealing with all kinds of air attacks, and against air attacks, the existence of air defense units Quick reaction as a complement to fixed air defense groups is essential, and improving the capabilities of the aforementioned combat units is of great importance, and not paying attention to it will cause serious damage in the event of a conflict with the enemy in future wars. The aim of the current research is to "explain the ways to improve the combat power of air defense quick reaction units to deal with future air threats". This research is using a descriptive method with a mixed approach. The required data were obtained from library and field methods of questionnaire collection and reliability using "Cronbach's alpha" of 88%, and to ensure the significance of the response of the statistical population, the chi-square test was used at a confidence level of 95% and an error of 0.05. The statistical population includes 200 senior officers, deputies and commanders of rapid response units, and the sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula to be 132 people. The result of the research shows that the trained manpower, who are physically and mentally ready and expert in terms of expertise, and the appropriate and up-to-date equipment of various types of UAVs, radar systems and mobile ground-to-air systems, improve the power of the response units. They quickly become air defenses.

Universities are among the most important social systems that the growth and development of other systems depends on their quality. In military universities, where the issue of training officers in various fields is important, the importance of the issue is definitely much higher. Therefore, improving the quality of the education system in general and universities in particular is one of the main concerns of any country that needs strategic planning and management to survive and continue its activities. Therefore, in recent decades developing and developed countries have increased their efforts to use assessment approaches to measure and improve the quality of education. This issue has provided the basis for the application of strategic planning models in universities. In this article, in order to accelerate the movement of Khatam al-Anbia Air Defense University towards its vision, the university's strategies have been designed and developed using a suitable strategic planning model. This research is an exploratory research in terms of purpose and its statistical population is the staff and students of Khatam al-Anbiya Air Defense University. . Due to the extensive use of the questionnaire in this article, having a sufficient understanding of Cronbach's alpha as a criterion for assessing the reliability of the questionnaire in order to properly design the questionnaire is necessary. The main orientation of this research is applied and the approach of this article to strategy will be a prescriptive approach. In fact, this article uses the concepts, models and tools of strategic planning in order to formulate a strategy at Khatam al-Anbia Air Defense University. Therefore, the strategy development tool in this article is a matrix of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats that the development of information technology management at the university level to increase the quality of smart education, especially in the post-corona era is more important.

Command and control in today's world is very complex at different levels and has its own architectures and structures. Among the different command and control systems of the countries of the world, operational command and control systems and their Specifications and how to use them in the management of the battlefield are very important and the experiences of recent wars have shown that the systems Strategic, coherent and intelligent command and control is the main pillar of command and control and management of the battle scene. The main goal of this research is to "identify the properties of tactical command and control systems in the management and guidance of the battlefield " and by using the descriptive-analytical method with a mixed approach, it tries to answer the main question of this research that "the most important properties of the system" What are the tactical command and control in the management and guidance of the battlefield"? to answer The statistical population of this research is the experts in the field of command and control at the level of the armed forces, who were selected as a sample 60 people. The required data were obtained from two methods of library and field collection and the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha of 88%, and to ensure the significance of the response of the statistical population, the chi-square test was used at a confidence level of 95% and an error of 0.05. In this regard, the relevant questionnaires were distributed among the statistical community and the research findings were summarized using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis methods and SPSS software. Finally, the most important features of tactical command and control systems in the management of the battlefield were determined and presented in the form of 48 features with prioritization.

The superiority of technology and modern airborne equipment shows that air defense units in the form of classic, designed to counter air strikes, will be challenged in the face of air strikes and in return Air Attacks The presence of rapid reaction air defense units as a complement to fixed air defense groups is a necessity. The role of manpower and equipment of the mentioned units is of great importance and failure to pay attention to it will cause serious injuries during conflicts in future wars with the enemy. The purpose of this study is to "explain the characteristics of manpower and equipment of air defense rapid reaction units to deal with future air threats, tries to provide an answer "the appropriate characteristics of manpower,What is the equipment of the air defense rapid reaction units to deal with future air threats? The type of research is descriptive, practical, qualitative approach, which is done with the help of tools such as interviews and documents and content analysis has been used to find the results of the research. The results of indicate that the manpower of the rapid reaction forces should have characteristics such as a healthy physical and mental condition, professional, with very high operational and technical expertise and multi-skills, with appropriate training and equipment with characteristics. Such as self-traction, mobility, high speed and flexibility, operational and technical strength, easy maintenance with the possibility of supporting suitable technical and biological components and integration with the air defense network.

Education and training have always played a crucial role in the war. The survival and continuity of the armed forces requires the acquisition of a set of sciences, technical and professional skills, and timely transfer to new employees, which is important to implement, detailed, and systematic monitoring of education and training. the purpose of this study is training pathology at the center of specialist air defence training center using the three dimensional model. methodology, it has a qualitative approach that has been carried out with tools including observation, interview, and first - hand documents. sampling has been purposefully using theoretical impregnation method and has been used to analyze content analysis method in three contexts (behavior), structural (process) and context (environment) to find research results. data analysis was done through content analysis method that was extracted after immersion in data analysis. in order to determine the main concepts, initial codes were reviewed and categorized in several stages. the results showed that the content factor (behavior) is in a better position due to the belief fields in the hierarchy, but the structural and contextual factors (environment) are affected and there are three types of one type (mainly of the dominant type) and the only content factor cannot guarantee.

The military doctrine formulation and development pattern that provides coherence and coordination in the formulation and development of a military doctrine has been the constant concern of senior commanders and decision-makers at the top levels of the armed forces. Therefore, the aim of this research is to design a pattern for formulation and development of the military doctrine of Armed Forces of The Islamic Republic of Iran (A.F.I.R.I.) and this research seeks to answer the question that “which is the pattern of formulation and development of the military doctrine of Armed Forces of The Islamic Republic of Iran (A.F.I.R.I.)?”. This research is applied-developmental research and its approach is mixed. The case study method has been used for determining of dimensions, factors and sub-factors. In this research, first, the existing patterns of military doctrine formulation and development in the country were studied. Subsequently, a native pattern was designed and presented with a comparative study of internal patterns and external patterns of the selected countries. Interviews were conducted with eight experts in order to enrich the theoretical basics and use of internal experiences. Then, a questionnaire was used to evaluate and validate the prepared conceptual pattern. To answer the questionnaire, 30 experts were referred. The result of this research is the military doctrine formulation and development pattern of Armed Forces of The Islamic Republic of Iran (A.F.I.R.I.) including 5 dimensions, 14 factors and 47 sub-factors that can be used to prepare the the military doctrine of Armed Forces of The Islamic Republic of Iran (A.F.I.R.I). These five dimensions include: data collection, design, production, implementation, and feedback.

Today, the formulation of a military doctrine is one of the most important responsibilities of the armed forces of the countries of the world, in which most countries of the world, regardless of their size, have taken steps to formulate the military doctrine of the respective country. The Islamic Republic of Iran, in order to guide and support its armed forces on the scene of war, and in general, need to develop a military doctrine to guide and guide how the armed forces will fight in leading battles. Effective, up-to-date, effective military doctrine is one of the key factors for getting defense preparedness and success for the armed forces in the face of any possible war. One of the steps in developing a military doctrine is to consider the principles and factors that influence the formation and formulation of a doctrine. In a comparative study, it has also been determined that other countries have considered some of the issues as the basis for and effective factors in the formulation of the guidelines or are considered as inputs to the peer review. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to "Explain the foundations and effective factors in formulating the military doctrine of the Islamic Republic of Iran". The type of research is of application-development type. The research approach in this cross-sectional research (quantitative and qualitative), and the case-based research method, as well as correlation between variables, have been used. The results of the research show that the effective principles in formulating the military doctrine of Islamic Republic of Iran (school, national and organizational) are: Islamic Defense Thought, Defensive Thought, Revolution Imam, Idea, National Goals and Resources, Defense-Defense Strategies, Major Defensive-Security Policies, National Strategies and Laws (Constitution, Current Rules of the Armed Forces),The factors influencing the formulation of the military strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran (organizational, sub-institutional) include: Environmental factors, technology level, imagination of the nature of future wars, geopolitical, geopolitical and geostrategic features of the country, national mobilization capability, military objectives, military experiences, existing military strategy, defense capabilities and abilities of the country.

The production of knowledge-based and job-creating is not just a slogan of the day, but a basic requirement that requires operational and strategic measures. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of providing a model of knowledge-based and employment-generating production based on technical-professional skills. The present study is an applied-developmental research that was conducted with a mixed exploratory research design. The statistical population of the quality department includes 15 staff and provincial managers of the Technical and Vocational Education Organization. In the quantitative part, the views of 391 trainees of the Technical and Vocational Education Organization were used. The data collection tool in the qualitative part is a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part is a Likert scale questionnaire. For data analysis, content qualitative analysis method with MAXQDA software, structural-interpretive modeling with MICMAC software and partial least squares method with SMART PLS software were used. The results showed that empowerment of technical-vocational trainers and reviewing the content of technical-vocational training have a high influence and affect technical knowledge and scientific production knowledge through entrepreneurial training. Technical knowledge and scientific knowledge of production also significantly produce knowledge-based production. Finally, through the production of knowledge-based, the macro goals of job creation can be achieved

Considering the nature of military threats, the results of recent wars in the West Asia, the growing improvement of military technologies, particularly the features of future air threats, including the US Air Force 2025 and 2035 plans, the necessity of paying scientific and careful attention to the air defense has been made inevitable. Meanwhile, advancement of the air defense combat capability in order to deal with these threats is of prime importance. Combat power is composed three physical, non-physical and superiority dimensions. Besides the undeniable role of non-physical and superiority dimensions in combat power, according to the researcher, the physical dimension also plays a significant role in the combat power of the Armed Forces, including air defense. The aim of this study was to identify and explain the most significant constituents and effective indicators of the physical dimension of promoting the combat capability of air defense to deal with future air threats. This applied-developmental study employed a mixed and case-contextual methodology to gather the data. At first, the future air threats affecting the air defense mission were considered and then the theories of combat power were taken into account. In comparative studies, the most significant components of air defense of six foreign countries were studied. In order to enrich the study further, a number of professionals in the field of air defense were interviewed. The result of this study is the explanation and identification of 6 components with 40 influential indicators regarding the physical dimension of promoting the combat power of air defense.

Enemies' capabilities, intentions, and actions to prevent their own successful achievement of national security interests and goals are threatened. Threats can be examined from different perspectives, the most common of which is the division of the dimensions of the threat, which are four dimensions: political, economic, social and military threat. Other divisions of the types of threats have been expressed by experts, including the division of Joseph Nye, who has divided the threats into two groups of hard and soft threats. The military threat is a traditional focus of national security concerns. Military threats are important because other threats also lead to this type of threat in acute situations. In this descriptive-analytical applied article, the research question is "What are the dimensions of internal and external threats and what is the position of military threats among the threats?" An attempt has been made to give a general explanation of the various dimensions of internal and external threats and the characteristics of military threats. In examining military threats, the military capability of the enemy must be examined both quantitatively and qualitatively. Modern military power does not depend on individual courage or significant reserves of readiness, but mainly on teamwork and other factors. Involved in combat power depends.

Investigating the nature of military threats, the results of recent wars in the world and the West Asian region, the increasing progress of military technologies, especially in the field of aerospace technology, the need for scientific attention to air defense and its combat power upgrading to cope with air threats Has made it inevitable. Combat power has three physical, non-physical and superior dimentions, which later play a prominent role in the combat power of the Armed Forces, including air defense. The aim of the research is to identify and explain the most important components of the superior dimension as well as to explain the role of the command and control component in upgrading the air defense combat power. The research is of applied-developmental type and its approach is mixed and case-field method has been used. in this study, theories of combat power, internal environment and in comparative studies the most important components of air defense of six foreign countries studied, for further enrichment of research with a number of experts in the field of air defense interviews have been conducted. The result of the research is the explanation and identification of 6 important components (including the command and control component) with 37 indicators of the superior dimension that have a significant impact on upgrading the combat power of air defense.

The Strategic Military Guide refers to the basic rules and systematic framework and principles that result from knowledge, experience, study, analysis and testing, and the way to use capabilities to achieve military objectives and in general the way the armed forces fight on the battlefield. By examining the various processes of internal and comparative studies, the formation pattern of the military doctrine of the Islamic Republic of Iran, includes five basic stages: Gathering information, planning, manufacturing, implementation and feedback provided. The dimension (stage) of implementation is very important among these five stages. The aim of this research is to explain the implementation stage of the formation pattern of the military guide of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This research is an applied-developmental one and it has used a mixed and case-contextual approach. The research data were analyzed by content analysis. The spatial territory of this research is Islamic Republic of Iran and its thematic territory is at the strategic level. The size of the sample population is consistent with the statistical population and a sample of 30 individuals have been selected. The results indicate that the most important factors regarding the dimension (stage) of the implementation of the guideline include five factors (the required organizational structure, required technology, training, formulation/ improvement of strategy and tactics, and preparation of plans) and 12 sub-factors (organization, sections (Strategic, operational and strategic), equipment, processes, methods, individual training, unit training, deterrence, offensive, defense, operational and development).

In today's wars, with the advent of modern technology in weapons and the diversity of tactics used in them, as well as the implementation and implementation of complex but widespread operational scenarios, we need a thorough and comprehensive doctrine to deal with these threats. National Security and Air Defense is one of the most important sectors in planning for the Air Traffic Management System. In the present study, using descriptive-analytical method using library documents, field observations and surveys to collect data, the statistical population of the study was commanders and managers of different levels who were familiar with CNS-ATM discussions, using the sample method Non-probabilistic quotas of 139 different levels of military management levels were selected as sample population The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability of 0.875. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical tests and one-way analysis of variance. According to the results, the research was applied in a practical way. The results of the research show that the CNS-ATM project in the military organization studied is relatively suitable from the viewpoint of commanders and managers of different levels. If equipped with armed forces, CNS-ATM design has no negative effect on the air safety of the Islamic Republic of Iran. If CNS-ATM is equipped with armed forces, it does not have a negative impact on the airspace of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Also, the results showed that there was a significant difference between the viewpoints of commanders and operational managers with commanders and senior managers and commanders and middle managers.