حافظ مهدنژاد

Innopolis Daedeok is a beacon of scientific excellence and technological innovation, serving as the nerve center of South Korea's research endeavors. By leveraging the presence of esteemed research institutions and universities, this hub has created a fertile ground for commercializing cutting-edge technologies. The research methodology employed is descriptive-analytical and developmental in nature. The findings indicate that Innopolis Daedeok is strategically divided into five distinct regions, spanning 27.7 square kilometers, to achieve its operational objectives. Notably, 11% of South Korea's Ph.D.-level researchers are affiliated with Innopolis Daedeok. Currently, a workforce of 22,000 researchers and employees is engaged in advanced research, with 10% of the country's research workforce concentrated in this hub. The spatial expansion of Innopolis Daedeok has unfolded in four stages: the establishment of the Daedeok Science Town (1973-1993), the creation of innovation (1993-1997), the formation of an innovation cluster (1998-2003), and the growth stage of the innovation cluster (2004 to present). This evolution has enabled Innopolis Daedeok to become a global innovation hub, with a unique triple helix model of government, industry, and academia collaboration. The development and evolution model of Innopolis Daedeok is characterized by three distinct stages: the initial stage (science park model), the development stage (technopolis model), and the maturity stage (innovation cluster model). This model serves as a benchmark for other innovation hubs, highlighting the importance of strategic planning, collaboration, and investment in research and development.

Slow tourism is the latest effort presented in the sustainable development framework to address the hurried lifestyle based on modernism. It emphasizes localism, relaxation, local interactions, conscious choice of travel destination, and assistance to tourism destinations. The current research purpose is to synthesize the results of the studies on the feasibility of slow tourism.

Design/methodology/approach:

 The current research is based on a qualitative approach and is a developmental study in terms of the goal. In this research, a systematic review of 24 studies in the period from 2009 to 2023 was done using meta-synthesis method. The statistical community consisted of books, articles, theses, and scientific documents related to slow tourism. The research sources were selected by available sampling method.

Based on the findings of the meta-synthesis, 157 open codes were obtained regarding the feasibility of slow tourism, which were divided into seven optional codes and 28 core codes (environmental policies, infrastructure policies, urban quality technologies and facilities, policies of agriculture, tourism and handicrafts, policies of hospitality, education and awareness, social cohesion policies, motivation, locality, social welfare, experience-based approach temporal, cyclical, linear; transportation, leisure, food, restaurant, mechanisms; environmental, economic, social, ethical, and micro levels).

The slow tourism feasibility model requires seven key categories, including requirements, key components, dimensions, facilitating factors, supporting activities, interfering factors, and micro and macro consequences. The development of slow tourism proposals consists of abandoning fast forms of transportation, providing the principles of low-carbon travel, and adjusting transportation infrastructure development plans to promote green mobility.

Originality/value:

 The present research, by synthesizing the results of previous studies, can present the model of the realization of slow tourism and provide the basis for its application in the target places of slow tourism.

The urban living labs is a physical or virtual space that seeks to overcome the challenges of the transitional period towards sustainability by bringing together different stakeholders for cooperation and collective ideation.

Despite the fact that in recent years, it has been highly paid attention to by policymakers, planners, researchers and executive officials of cities, but still its nature, dimensions, principles, goals, components and framework are still unknown. It is somewhat unclear. Based on this, the current research seeks to cover this gap by using the meta-analysis method.

Qualitative methodology and basic text technique of meta-analysis have been used. In the initial review, 722 sources were found, of which 58 were excluded based on the title. Abstracts of 664 sources were reviewed and 428 of them were removed from the research process. As a result, 236 sources were fully reviewed and 193 of them were rejected in terms of content and quality. Finally, 43 articles were selected for final analysis.

Based on the time analysis, the trend of research resources is on the rise, reaching its peak in 2021-2022, and magazines such as Technology Innovation Management Review, Sustainability Quarterly, and Cleaner Production Quarterly are very active in this field. In terms of research model, the share of content analysis, systematic literature review, descriptive-analytical, comparative and exploratory is equal to 14, 11, 23, 27 and 25% respectively. The research pattern of most of the sources is comparative and exploratory, and in total, 52% of the sources have been allocated to themselves.

51 codes related to the unique characteristics of urban living labs were extracted in 12 categories including historical period, dimensions, components, background factors, goals, principles, process, actors, typology, challenges, consequences and application stages of the final solution have been classified, which make up the theoretical model of urban living labs.

During the last three decades, knowledge, creativity and information have had the greatest impact on the development of cities. In such a way that knowledge-based development strategies play an important role in supporting the local economic, social and cultural development of cities. On this basis, cities has adopt different strategies to attract and retain industries and knowledge workers. The purpose of the current research is conceptual model compilation of the development and realization of the knowledge-based city in order to use it for planning and optimize the future cities of the country. The current research is fundamental and exploratory in terms of purpose. The ruling paradigm of this research is interpretivism. The research approach is qualitative and its methodology is sample mining. Documentary and library studies have been used to collect data. The statistical community includes researches that have been conducted from 2005 to 2023 in the area of knowledge-based city. The systematic literature review method was used for data analysis, which has five steps consisting of definition, search, selection, analysis and synthesis. According to the results, more than 60% of the research sources were related to the last 10 years (2013-2023). The share of articles, books, and dissertations among his scholarly sources is 83%, 10%, and 7%, respectively. The results of open coding show that there are 96 codes for the development and realization of knowledge-based city. These codes have been classified in nine concepts (political-legal factors, strategic planning, approach, drivers of knowledge-based development, functional indicators, scientific base, dimensions, geographical-physical background and policy and strategic sets) and six core codes (causal conditions, contextual conditions, central category, intervening (mediating) conditions, consequences and strategies). As a result, the theoretical model of knowledge-based urban development depends on the existence of causal, contextual, intervening conditions, central categories, consequences and strategies.

The 15-minute city model focuses on urban planning based on the needs and preferences of citizens, encouraging short trips and neighborhood-based activities. Based on this, the aim of the current research is theoretical model presentation of the 15-minute city realization as the proximity of activities and walkability model in urban planning. The current research is developmental-applied type and its method is qualitative with an emphasis on Meta-synthesis method. The statistical community includes all the researches conducted regarding 15-minute city model in the period from 2016 to 2022. The sample size includes 38 articles and documents that were selected based on the ten principles of the Critical Assessment Skills Program. First, 123 sources were found, Then 35 sources were removed by examining the title. 22 sources were removed by abstract screening. In the next step, the content of 66 sources was analyzed in terms of content and quality, and finally, 38 articles were selected for final analysis. Time analysis of research sources shows that the highest frequency is related to 2022, which is equivalent to 47% of the sources. About 81% of the sources are related to the years 2022 and 2021. 16% of the selected sources are related to the years 2020 and 2019. In terms of sources typology, 79% of the sources are scientific articles. In terms of the research type, the number of quantitative, qualitative and mixed researches is 21, 13 and 4 respectively.. The results show 79 extracted codes in seven categories are classified. These seven categories are: pillars (proximity, density, diversity and ubiquity), basic functions, digitalization revolution, environmental considerations and climate change, adaptive infrastructures, cohesion and social inclusion, and quantitative indicators. The value of the Kappa index (0.761 at a significance level of 0.000) indicates the appropriate reliability of the research results (above 0.6).

Worn tissues are highly prone to crime due to their social, economic, cultural and physical-environmental characteristics. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is Influential components prioritization on inhabitants security of urban worn textures in Central area of Tehran. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population includes the worn tissues residents in the 11th and 12th districts of Tehran.The sample size is estimated at 400 based on the Cochran's formula. Various methods have been used for analysis for the safety assesment of residents such as confirmatory factor analysis, Bartlett, Kalmogorov-Smirnov test, correlation coefficient matrix and path analysis. LISREL8.8 software is used for data analysis. The results of Kiser / Meyer / Alkin (KMO) sampling adequacy tests are equal to 0.66. As a result, the adequacy of the number of samples is confirmed. Based on Bartlett significance test (P <0.001; df = 105; X2 = 040/740), is rejected the hypothesis of no correlation between variablesThe research findings has indicate that based on the results of Kalmogorov-Smirnov test, the distribution of all relationships is normal in the components and variables of the research. The amount of T-statistics for research variables including feeling of security, lighting, passages, pattern of activities and uses, quality of residential areas, form of space, citizen identity, population density, social monitoring, employment and housing are equal to 10.52, 8/29 , 5/18, 9/62, 8/79, 9/88, 10/29, 7/11, 4/56, 9/61 and 8/69 respectively. These variables have a significant effect on the security of worn textures residents in the central area of Tehran, considering the value of T-statistics and their appropriate level of significance (0.001). According to the route analysis model, the component of feeling safe had the most effect with a coefficient of 0.20. Then, components have had the greatest impact such as Lighting(with a coefficient of 0.15), passages(0.14), pattern of activities and uses(0.10), quality of residential areas(0.09), form of space(0.07), identity of citizens(0.06), population density(0.05), social monitoring(0.03) and finally employment(0.04).

Nowadays, the development of knowledge-based cities has become one of the pervasive strategies for sustainable urban development and one of the most effective paradigms for future sustainable cities. In fact, the new millennium has been designated as the era of knowledge-based cities. However, the production of space in knowledge-based cities has its own requirements. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the production of space and the formation of knowledge-based zones using Henry Lefebvre's theory. The research was theoretical-foundational in nature, and its method was descriptive-analytical. The ontology was a combination of physical, mental, and organic factors, and its epistemology was interpretive and hermeneutic. The results of the research indicated that, based on Henry Lefebvre's theory, the production of space in knowledge-based cities includes physical aspects such as transforming the zoning of an area from "22i" (industrial) to "22 @" (new knowledge-based activities), creating zones based on mixed land use, urban diversity, density, and compactness, establishing various clusters consisting of energy, media, information and communication technology, and medical technology, and launching the 22@ Entrepreneurship System, Barcelona Activa, and Landing Platforms. Furthermore, it encompasses mental aspects such as adapting the new fabric to the new economy, making the space attractive for attracting elites, long-term flexibility, and ensuring sustainability in the future, as well as the role of urban planners and facilitators, and Barcelona's history in the application of mixed land use and creative industries. Additionally, the organic aspects include the creation of a mediatheque building as a communication center and meeting point for professionals, students, entrepreneurs, research and development centers, and information and communication technology institutions; promoting the Breakfast Update event 22@ to establish mutual communication between the specialist community and creating a sense of belonging to the place; implementing programs such as the Digital District to familiarize the older generation with digital educational programs; establishing a smart city campus to create a new space for urban innovation by bringing together companies, institutions, universities, and research centers in the field of information and communication technology; and fostering innovation ecosystems and urban planning within knowledge-based zones.

Purpose and context: 

land development affects the safety of tourists through recognizing the capacities of regions, economic efficiency, unity and integrity of the land, expanding regional justice, preserving the environment, protecting cultural heritage and removing deprivations. Therefore, the aim of the research is to analyze the two-way relationship of land use in the safety of tourists in Tehran.

This research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical community includes the legal boundaries of the city of Tehran in 1401. The size of the research sample includes 384 people, which was estimated using the Karjesi and Morgan table. The sampling method is simple random and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaires is based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.77.

Land improvement index in the field of tourism in Tehran city with an average of 2.36 and tourism safety index in Tehran city with an average of 2.67 is lower than average. Based on the one-sample t-test, the average index of land use and tourist safety is significantly lower than the average. Based on the structural equation model analysis, factor loading coefficients of all components are more than 0.55. The estimation of Pearson's correlation coefficient indicates that there is a significant relationship between the land use variable and the tourism safety index in Tehran metropolis.

There is a significant relationship between land preparation and its components with the safety of tourists (access to law enforcement centers, health infrastructure, digital network, navigation system, and food and medicine, etc.) in Tehran, which is estimated as average based on the research results It can be The most important result of the research is finding the objectivity of the point of view of the intertwining of the land use components and the safety of tourists. A view that tries to put the relationship between land development planning and tourist safety in Tehran in the form of a network of agents and activists.

The 12 District population is equivalent to 17.5 percent of the Tehran population total and covers 2.7 percent of the Tehran area total; However, 32.9 percent of Tehran's crimes was committed in 12 District. The purpose of the present research is causes explanation of Hot-spot crimes formation in Tehran Metropolitan 12 District based on location deviation theory components (poverty, worn texture, density, and land use and population fluidity).

This article is an applied and descriptive-analytic one. Graphical statistical models have been used to spatial patterns identification of crime distribution in the city. For the data analysis, has used graphic-based statistical methods in GIS and T-statistics and Arc / GIS and SPSS software.

Crime concentration has happened in the Arg Pamenar, Ferdowsi-Laleh Zar, Baharestani Saadi, Mokhtari Takhty, Jaleh Absardar Qayyam, Kowsar, Gushesh Shoosh and Siruszones. The crimes percentage highest occurred in worn out blocks of 60-40 percent, 80-60 percent, 100-80 percent. The crime rates highest were in commercial use (55 percent of total crimes), residential (21.07 percent), services (9.22 percent), industrial and workshop (6.96 percent). The population fluidity of the night (240 thousand people) and the day (2 million people) has caused the phenomenon of night-life and urban crime.

Based on the one-sample t-test, the significance value of the research components is less than 0.05. The inadequacy of the components of poverty, burnout, density, land use and population fluidity (less than 3) has been confirmed due to the negative t-statistics, high and low limits and low average in region 12.

The Symbio City model emphasizes above all the realization of all sustainability principles at the level of urban neighborhoods. In the meantime, Bo01 neighborhood is known as a leading global example in the field of sustainable urban development, which includes ambitious environmental standards and improving the quality of life among its important goals. Based on this, the aim of the current research is the components reading of the Symbio City based on the characteristics of Bo01 neighborhood. The current research is of applied type and its method is descriptive-analytical. The results of the research show that Tom's class focused on the quality/time model in Bo01 neighborhood design. The most important components of the Symbio City are the use of 100% renewable energy, environmentally friendly design, green space, biodiversity, water management, waste management, sustainable transportation, and social and aesthetic spaces. There are 1400 square meters of solar collectors in apartment buildings and 200 square meters of them in empty spaces. Each household has only 0.7 parking spaces. Bo01 neighborhood has a lot of variety in terms of architecture and landscape, and has been created by combining the environment and creativity, an attractive place. About 50% of the area is open space, many social spaces are designed in a diverse landscape. In other words, the density of 26 residential units per gross hectare has balanced 50% of open space allocation.

Geographic information system is one of the most important tools for identifying and understanding spatial patterns of crime that reveals the relationship between crime and place. Accordingly, purpose of the present research is Geographic Information System (GIS) application in geography identification of drug abuse crime in Kermanshah.

The present research is of applied type and its method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population is related to the legal boundaries of Kermanshah city in 2020. For the centers determination of drug abuse have been used methods such as standard deviation oval and mean center, Moran statistics and kernel density in GIS environment. Friedman test was used to rank the factors affecting the formation of drug abuse focus centers.

Moran's index (equal to 0.58) and Z value (71.80) indicate the clustering of all crimes within Kermanshah city. Moran index in the distribution of drug-related points, drug storage, drug transportation and storage, purchase and sale and transportation and drug storage and trafficking and purchase and sale and transportation and drug storage, respectively, equal to 0.93, 0.87, 99, . 0.0, 0.98 and 0.99. Therefore, the distribution of the points of these crimes is statistically clustered.

Variables have the greatest impact on the formation of crime hotspots in Kermanshah, respectively. These variables include unemployment, poverty, addiction, education, lack of control over parks by guards, a long distance from law enforcement and security centers, the presence of worn and disordered tissues and slums, family disputes and family breakdown, semi-finished buildings, lack of formal and informal supervision and lack of formation of neighborhood networks. suggestions such as the participation of donors and the use of people's capacities; Strengthening sectorial and extra-sectorial cooperation and central research is effective in the fight against drug abuse in Kermanshah city.

Housing plays an essential role in the economic development of any country and constitutes % 10-20 of the total economic activity of each country and is also the largest fixed asset of households. The need for housing is not only one of the basic human foundations, but also the standard of living of the people.  Global access to housing has been on the agenda for sustainable development. The right to adequate housing for all urban residents is one of the most important factors in promoting inclusive urban development. In order to promote this right, proponents of urban rights have emphasized the urgent need for real estate agencies, government leaders and municipalities to move forward in urban space through a comprehensive approach to housing development projects.  As affordable housing can provide for low-income urban groups. Accordingly, the aim of the present research is quantitative and qualitative indicators analysis of housing in the metropolis of Isfahan.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population is related to the legal boundaries of Isfahan in 2016. SAW and Topsis models have been used to the data analysis. In this research, have used 16 indicator for status of quantitative and qualitative housing indicators of low-income groups in Isfahans. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing for low-income groupshave been analyzed including the type of occupation, infrastructure level, quality of buildings, type of materials, number of rooms and household dimensions, housing facilities in Isfahan.

The total percentage of ownership has increased from %76.2 to %61.5 from 2007 to 2016. However, the share of tenants has increased from %16.6 to %26.3, which is almost double. This indicates the downward trend of this index during the study period.  The amount of rent in the first four deciles was 20.15, 35, 15.7, 25, respectively in 2007 In 2016, it has increased to %57.7, %35.9, %27.5, and % 15. An important point in this regard is the promotion of this index for the fourth decile of the target community. The infrastructure average of residential units in the lower deciles has been decreasing in all deciles from 2007 to 2016. The important point is the large distance between the lower deciles and the upper deciles. While on average %62.8 of the quality of buildings in Isfahan is acceptable, but this index is equal to %36.3 among low-income groups, which is very inappropriate. This shows that the useful life of residential units occupied by these groups is lower than other income groups.  The residential units materials of low-income groups are less resistant than other income groups in Isfahan.  The number of rooms average per household for low-income groups is 2.6. This figure is 2.9 for middle-income groups and 3.2 for high-income groups in Isfahan. While there are only 0.63 room for a person in the lower income grouss, this figure is equal to 1.3 rooms for a wealthy person. Therefore, the results analysis of the individual-to-room index has showed that there is 1.6 people per room in a low-income household. Also, there are 0.78 people for a room in the high-income group. On the other hand, the household dimension is also higher in low-income groups than in other income groups. In terms of housing facility index, the percentage of lower income groups is lower than others. The results of SAW and Topsis models also confirm the quantitative and qualitative status of housing indicators among income groups. The SAW and Topsis score for lower-income groups is lower than the average, and the high rate of change among income groups has indicated divergence and gaps between income groups. Therefore, according to the results of the calculations of SAW and Topsis models, it can be said that the quantitative and qualitative status of housing indicators among low-income groups in Isfahan is not in a good situation.

Examination of housing indicators of low-income groups has shown   the low quality of housing in this group in Isfahan. While the average ownership in high-income groups in Isfahan is %70 and for low-income groups is % 35. Therefore, the type of ownership of the owner is lower among the low-income groups of Isfahan than other groups. The average per capita of housing in low-income deciles has been 55 square meters over the past five years. During the same period, this index was equal to 105 square meters for high-income groups. This indicates a declining per capita in low-income deciles. A study of the quality of buildings has showed that %31.3 of low-income housing groups are destructive and only %36.3 are acceptable. However, the percentage of destructive housing in high-income groups is only %8. This indicates a high rate of destruction in the homes of low-income groups, which exacerbates their need for adequate housing. In terms of materials, Residential houses of low-income groups in Isfahan has made of brick or iron and stone (%67) and 10% of metal frame (%8) or concrete (%2). Therefore, the level of their destruction has increased due to the low resistance of the housing materials of low-income groups. So the need for better quality housing is felt more for this class. Per capita room of low-income groups is 0.63 in the city of Isfahan while this rate is 0.85 for medium-income groups and 1.28 for high-income groups. Housing facilities are less suitable among low-income groups. Improper location of low-income groups has exacerbated environmental problems and reduced access to urban facilities and services. n addition, according to the results of calculations of SAW and Topsis methods, it can be said that the quantitative and qualitative status of housing indicators among low-income groups in Isfahan is not in a good situation.

Identifying the influential factors in crime hotspot formation is necessary for managers and planners and the development of appropriate strategies to improve security in cities. Accordingly, the purpose of present research is ranking the factors on crime hotspot formation and the impact of poverty on the generation of these geographic centers in the new city of Hashtgerd. 

The present research is applied and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population includes the legal limits of the new city of Hashtgerd in 2020. The sample size through the Cochran's formula is equivalent to 400 people. The validity of the study has been confirmed according to the opinion of experts and its reliability is verified through Cronbach's alpha (more than 0.7). Friedman test, Pearson Chi-Square, Likelihood Ratio, Kendall’s tau-b, Spearman and kernel density estimation were used for data analysis. Research data has analyzed in SPSS and Arc GIS software and Crime Analysis software. 

According to Friedman test, economic factors have the highest impact on crime in the new city of Hashtgerd which are included poverty (with an average of 19.70), unemployment (19.25), income inequality (19.12) and housing mobility (17.21). The spatial distribution of crime is clustered and most crime has occurred in new and poorer expansion phases. 

According to the results of Pearson Chi-Square, Likelihood Ratio, Kendall’s tau-b, Spearman, there is a high degree of correlation between the formation of geographical centers of crime in city areas and variables such as poverty, lack of public transportation, ethnic and cultural diversity, residential mobility and defenseless urban spaces.

The Symbio City is one of the models that has been able to implement the theoretical foundations of sustainable development in the field of practice and has brought its efficiency to the fore. Symbio City can adapt and be used in different geographical locations and different cities, both developed and developing due to its scalability characteristic. Based on this, the purpose of the current research is the theoretical model presentation of the realization process of the Symbio City to be used by policymakers and urban planners in the country. The current research is of a practical-developmental type and its method is qualitative with an emphasis on the Meta-synthesis method. The statistical community is related to all the research that has been published from 2002 to 2022 regarding the subject of Symbio City. The sample size includes 37 articles and documents that were selected based on the ten principles of the Critical Assessment Skills Program. First, 11 by examining the title and 21 sources by screening the abstract sources were removed, then the content of 42 sources was analyzed in terms of content and quality, and finally, 37 articles were selected for the final analysis. The highest concentration of articles and sources is related to the period of 2013-2021, so more than 70% of the selected articles (27 cases) are related to this period. Cohen's kappa coefficient to measure internal reliability and quality was equal to 0.756 with a significance level of 0.000. This number shows valid and appropriate agreement because it is higher than 0.6. The results of the research show 125 codes related to the Symbio city, which are divided into twelve categories consisting of important historical period, Symbio city brands, approach (integrated, inclusive, and responsive), development discourse (institutional, environmental, spatial, socio-cultural, and economic), causal factors, consequences (100% use of renewable energies; zero carbon; zero waste; local branding; wind parks to provide electricity in the neighborhood; recycling of food waste as biogas to produce electricity and heat; rainwater management through green roofs, ponds, wetlands and rainwater canals; greening of building facades; technology-oriented water drainage; construction of safe nests for birds; high priority of designing pedestrian and bicycle routes; economy based on the export of clean technologies, preservation and promotion of biodiversity, sustainable and local food, etc.) strategies, implementation process, key components, policy making and planning, activists and finally the required knowledge.

The soft war to weaken the intellectual and cultural circles ruling the society and the instability of the socio-political system has a broad scope against Iran, and the role of the soft war officers is essential. Accordingly, with the descriptive-analytical method and qualitative approach, the present study has a development-applied aim to formulate the soft war officers’ position in advancing the goals of the revolution’s second phase. The study's statistical population includes experts and thinkers in the Islamic Revolution, and the sample size has been done through purposeful sampling (judgmental). Based on interviews with the elites, there are 31 components to the soft warfare officers’ role in advancing the goals of the revolution’s second phase. The most common consensus is acceptance of the Vilayat and defence of it (2 scores), formulation of budget deficit strategies (1.98 scores), establishing a think tank to formulate an operational plan of the "We Can" discourse in society (1.97 scores), demanding from officials regarding anti-corruption (1.96 scores), demanding from officials regarding justice spread (1.95 scores), formulation of strategies for improving people's livelihoods, increasing the value of the national currency and improving the purchasing power of the people (1.94 scores).

Security is a path to stability and an integral part of sustainability. Individuals depend on security to realize all their potential. Therefore, the purpose of the present research is security feeling analysis of worn tissues residents in Tehran metropolis 12 district based on social, economic and physical indicators.

The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and it uses regression and neuro-fuzzy method.The population consisted of 76,628 residential units in the 12th district. Using Cochran formula with 5% error and 95% confidence level, 383 units were selected as sample size.

Security feeling is predictive component strongest with beta coefficient (0.623). They are followed by lighting, passages, patterns of activity and uses, quality of housing, space form, citizens' identity, population density, social surveillance, employment and housing components. Their beta coefficients are 0/563, 0/509, 0/501, 0/497, 0/493, 0/491, 0/423, 0/319, 0/302 and 0/218 respectively.

There is a direct relationship between physical, economic and social indicators with feeling of security in Tehran metropolis 12 district.Based on the neuro-fuzzy model, data physical indices such as insecurity of area passages and high level of infiltration of motorcyclists to pedestrians have the lowest error rates in test and training. Social indicators such as overcrowding in some parts of District 12 and the presence of backyard space have the lowest error rates in test and training data. Economic indicators such as rising unemployment in the region and rising living costs in the have the lowest error rates of test and training data in Tehran metropolis 12 district.

Technopolis is an urban corridor with a high density of technology-based creative industries and a strong set of government, private and public-private initiatives. Based on this, the aim of the current research is to extract the realization process of Technopolis and its theoretical model presentation. The current research is fundamental and its method is descriptive-exploratory. Its approach is to use meta-synthesis and foundation-data methods and in the framework of qualitative systematic review, it has analyzed the feasibility of Technopolis. The statistical population includes all the articles and documents that were published in relation to the research topic between 1991 and 2022 in reliable scientific databases such as Science Direct, Springer, Taylor and Francis, Emerald, Researchgate, and ProQuest. Systematic sampling method and the process of searching and selecting related articles using various parameters such as title, abstract, content, and method quality have been done. In this process, from 322 primary articles and documents, finally, 62 articles and documents were selected for meta-synthesis. The largest number of selected articles and documents was related to the period of 2015-2022 (34 cases equivalent to more than 50% of all research articles and documents). The results show 76 codes related to the realization process of Technopolis, which are divided into 12 categories consisting of Technopolis positioning factors; basic technology; the role of the university; drivers of regional innovation; specialized cluster; company size; industrial accumulation; social networks; stakeholders; the expansion of the market, urban planning, and finally the multidimensional and interwoven layers of technopolis. The comparative analysis of the types of technopolises shows that there are two main types of technopolises. The first type is technopolises such as Silicon Valley and Sophia Antipolis with a global function that manages information and communication technology management at the global level. The second type is technopolises such as Zhongguancun and One North, which have a local and regional function in the field of technology production, and at the same time are moving towards a global function. Finally, the findings led to the identification of the causal conditions, background conditions, intervening conditions, key dimensions, consequences, and strategies for the realization of technopolis.

Drug-related issues as a crime, affect the security of the communities, but all the urban parts are not equally influenced by these crimes. Therefore, the Purpose of the present paper is to determine the drug-related high crime areas and analysis of factors influencing on their formation in the Hashtgerd as a new city.

The current essay is applied in terms of purpose functional, in terms of implementation method, analytical. The statistical population includes jurisdiction of the new city of Hashtgerd. Sample has been calculated 400 persons based on Cochran's formula. For determining high crime areas, standard deviation ellipse and the center of mean, nearest neighbor index, kernel density have been used, meanwhile, for calculating the relation between variables Chi-square and Spearman tests have been applied. Data analysis was performed by SPSS, GIS and Crime Analysis software.

Center of mean of drug-related crimes is located near phase 7. The standard deviation ellipse is located along the east-west of the city. Z score of these crimes confirm that the clustering (-9.008200). According to the results of Chi-square test, there is a positive relation between economic, physical, social and cultural indicators and it leads to a formation of geographical areas related to drugs. In addition, chi-square values are equal to 6.15, 6.52, 4.45 and 3.47, respectively.

Based on the results of Spearman correlation coefficient, all four physical, economic, social and cultural indicators have a positive effect on the formation of geographical areas of drugs in the new city of Hashtgerd. thus, the following solutions are proposed: using smart technologies and the location of police centers in phases 4 and 7, the establishment of counseling and social work centers, Basij bases in vacant areas of the city.

Polarization and social duality is a complex phenomenon that has affected large cities and contemporary metropolises. This phenomenon has emerged under the capitalist system influence and the centralist policies of governments. Iranian cities have been affected by this phenomenon due to peripheral and quasi-capitalist policies. It have caused the country's metropolises to become a heterogeneous city in terms of social environment due to increasing social and economic distance and unequal distribution of facilities and services. As a result, urban society is deeply polarized. Thus, economic polarization and social polarization have intensified. In the meantime, the metropolis of Isfahan has not been deprived of this economic and social polarization. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development (2019), about 23.35% of population, live in dysfunctional textures with rural backgrounds, informal settlement, middle contexts and historically dysfunctional textures, which is equivalent to 436,453 people. These textures have prominent characteristics such as inefficient infrastructure, low services, low-strength buildings, high social damage, etc. Also, according to the reports of the Parliamentary Research Center, the poverty rate of this city has been announced as 11.95%. In fact, the clustering of social differentiation and thus the formation of social polarization has intensified and class distance and duality in urban space have become geographical and spatial. Continuation of this situation will cause the metropolis of Isfahan to be swallowed up by the marginalized and poor population. If no precautionary measures are taken, the text of the city will soon be digested in the stomachs of the suburbs and its poor. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is zoning and spatial analysis of social polarization at the level of statistical blocks of Isfahan metropolis.

The present article is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of this research is the statistical blocks of Isfahan metropolis in 2016. The research data has prepared from the statistical blocks (2016) of the Statistics Center of Iran. AHP and Topsis models have been used to data analysis, compilation of indicators and final social polarization index extraction. Also, exploratory methods, ie Hotspot model, have been used for measurement of cluster or random social polarization in Isfahan metropolis. Arc / GIS software has been used for indexing and mapping.

Findings has show that major indicators have the greatest impact on social polarization in the city of Isfahan, which are literacy, household in housing unit, marital status, women's employment and place of birth. The impact coefficients of these indicators are 0.299, 0.254, 0.166, 0.147 and 0.134, respectively. Also, the situation of neighborhoods in terms of social polarization indicators is as follows: 24 neighborhoods (12.5%) good quality, 57 neighborhoods (29.69%) relatively good quality, 46 neighborhoods (23.96%) average, 40 neighborhoods ( 20.8%) relatively unsuitable and finally 25 neighborhoods equivalent to 13% unsuitable. In fact, more than 33% of the city's neighborhoods are socially unacceptable. Therefore, most of the neighborhoods of Isfahan metropolis are in average and unfavorable condition (more than 55% in total) and a kind of social differentiation has been created in this city in terms of space. As a result, social polarization in the metropolis has found a geographical or spatial dimension.Neighborhoods with higher than average values are located in the center and to some extent in the north of the city and neighborhoods with lower than average values are located in the east of Isfahan metropolis.

According to the results of the present study, about 33% of neighborhoods in the metropolis of Isfahan are in poor condition in terms of social indicators and more than 55% of neighborhoods in this city are average and unsuitable. Thus, the city is faced with a kind of social differentiation, social differentiation and duality, which eventually has manifests itself in the form of social polarization. In fact, social polarization has manifested itself spatially. Thus, the city is faced with a kind of social differentiation, social differentiation and duality, which eventually manifests itself in the form of social polarization. In fact, social polarization has manifested itself spatially.In fact, social polarization has emerged as a geographical manifestation of social inequality and differentiation. It also means unbalanced and unbalanced distribution of a set of social indicators in the metropolis of Isfahan. So that, the results of spatial analysis have confirmed the inequality and social differentiation in the metropolis of Isfahan. In fact, the center and the northern part of Isfahan are in a favorable situation in terms of social indicators, and in contrast, the eastern neighborhoods are located in an unfavorable situation. The results of the present study are consistent with the background. According to the results of research by Lustig et al. (2013), Mukhopadhyay & Urzainqui (2018) and Tarmizi et al. (2014), the existence of social inequality, spatial and social differentiation, geographical gap and social polarization has confirmed in Latin American cities, including Brazil, Approved in Argentina, Mexico and Asian cities such as India and Malaysia. Also, the results of the researches of Gholamipour and Kalantari (2017), Latifi and Babagoli (2015) and Safarloui et al. (2014) have confirmed the duality and spatial inequality in the cities of Mahshahr, Tehran and Urmia.

Spatial planningaffects security and tourism by paying attention to the specific capabilities and regional capacities includingeconomic efficiency, land cohesion, regional balance, improving the qualityof the environment,andthe history of civilization and eliminating deprivations. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to assess the consensus, importance and priority of tourist safety indicators with aspatial planningapproach in theIranianmetropolises. Thepopulation includes theIranianmetropolises in2020. To that end, it exploitstheDelphito identifyspatialindicators on the safety of tourists in the city, as well as consensus, importance and priority indicators. The sample size of the researchincludes 30 experts, and it appliesSPSS softwareto analyze the data.The results show that in the first round of Delphi, the highest rank is assigned to the level of financial and insurance in the field ofspatial planningwith an average of 4.7 and the level of social and cultural indicators ofspatial planningin the field of tourism with an average of 4.7. In the second round of Delphi, the highest average was given to access to protocols and health information. Thehighest consensus was assigned to the component of access to food (with a score of 1.67), and the greatest importance was given to the component of access to food, beverages, medicines and essential items (with a score of 91.67). The highest priority, respectively, on environmental indicators ofspatial planningin the field of tourism (with a score of 100); socialand cultural indicators ofspatial planningin the field of tourism (with a score of 100); infrastructureindicators in the face of natural hazards and crises (with a score of 100); levelof financial and insurance field ofspatial planningin the field of tourism (with a score of 100); accessto food, beverages, pharmaceuticals and essentials (with a score of 100); thereis a level of accessto accommodation centers (with a score of 100) and access to protocols and health information (with a score of 100).

Isfahan province has been recognized as the most industrialized province in the country for the past decade and has therefore become one of the most migrant provinces in the country. This irregular and uncontrolled migration has had undesirable consequences, including the suburbanization and the formation of slums. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study is spatial analysis and zoning of slums of Isfahan metropolitan area based on physical indicators for better planning for organizing, empowering and enhancing their quality of life. This study is an applied one and its method is descriptive-analytical. The research data were obtained from Statistical Blocks of Iran Statistical Center (2016). Statistical methods used for data analysis include AHP, Topsis and Hotspot. Based on finding, the indexes of age of the building (246%), building materials (0.192), and facilities (0.181) had a greater impact on the formation of poverty zones in the Isfahan metropolitan area. Building age indicators whit (246%) and number of room’s whit (096%) respectively, have the highest and lowest impact coefficients. Based on the final index of poverty status in terms of physical indices, 30 neighborhoods (15.16%) are of good quality, 35 neighborhoods (18.23%) are of relatively poor quality, 38 neighborhoods (19.79%) are in moderate condition, 45 neighborhoods. (23.44%) are in poor condition and finally 22 neighborhoods (11.46%) are in poor condition. In fact, about 35% of Isfahan metropolitan areas are in poor condition. The results indicate that neighborhoods with higher than average values are located in the center and partly south of the city and neighborhoods with lower than average values are located east of the metropolitan area of Isfahan.

Security is a prerequisite for community survival, which it depends on its existence meeting other collective needs. However, the rapid expansion and unorganized growth of cities has diminished residents' sense of security. Accordingly, the purpose of the present research is measurement of economic, social and physical variables on the sense of resident’s security in the Hashtgerd New Town. This research is a developmental one and its method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of research is Hashtgerd New Town in 2016. Sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula with a coefficient of 1.5. The sample size is 378 people. Random and cluster sampling was used. Pearson correlation test, multivariate regression and path analysis model and SPSS software were used for data analysis. The Pearson test results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the two variables of security sense and urban spaces (physical indices) with % 99 confidence and error level less than % 1. There is also a significant relationship between the two variables of security sense and social indices with % 95 confidence and error level less than %5. The results of the path analysis show that The direct, indirect and total impact coefficients of physical variables were %29, %12 and %41, respectively. The direct, indirect and total impact coefficients of social surveillance were % 30, %42 and %12, respectively. Also, the direct and indirect impact coefficients of economic variables were % -25 and % -53, respectively Population density, space form and employment have negative effects and patterns of activities and uses, social surveillance and citizen identity have positive effects on sense of security based on regression analysis.

Urbanization of poverty has occurred in today's world and the poor fate is tied to cities. Urban poverty is a complex and multifaceted concept. In the sense that it is not limited solely to economic or income indicators, it also includes social-cultural and physical indicators. The immigrant poor cannot afford to pay for housing costs in affluent neighborhoods, so they settle in marginal, worn-out and inefficient textures. As a result, poverty zones have appeared in the form of marginalization and informal settlements. In Iran, more than 20 million people live in urban slums, so that 11 million of them have been settled in informal settlements and 9 million in worn-out textures. Meanwhile, Shahriyar city is known as one of the Tehran province emigrant centers. Accordingly, present paper purpose is to evaluate poverty various indicators from the citizen's perspective of Shahriar city. Also, it has been measuring access to services and amenities among the Shahriyar city neighborhoods by using of the neighbor nearest model.

The current research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. Statistical society is consisting of Shahriar city neighborhoods residents (about 248675 people). The statistical sample is obtained through the Cochran formula, which is equivalent to 322 people. The statistical sample is distributed and completed by using of the Likert scale between neighborhoods’ residents. In this study, with a preliminary study of 50 samples from the questionnaires, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the its reliability was 0.73. Thus questionnaire has a satisfactory reliability. In addition, the neighbor nearest model has been used in order to evaluate the Shahriyar city neighborhoods, in terms of access to facilities and services (access to emergency services, recreation and sports centers, administrative centers, urban facilities and educational centers). To test the hypotheses, regression variance and Spearman have been used.

The research findings show that some of physical characteristics have a positive effect on the semantic level of more than 95%. These indicators are included of housing ownership rate, population density, person in the room; residential housing without gas, electricity, drinking water, toilets and bathrooms; the number of households in a residential unit, the number of people in a residential unit and the type of building skeleton, the lifespan of the building, the area of ​​the residential unit. A number of economic and social indicators have gained a positive impact on the significance level of more than 95%. These indicators are included of aging, the number of people with disabilities, fertility rates, infant mortality rates, illiteracy rates, higher education rates.  People have stated that in the event of an income increase, 12% consider education as a priority, %40 has been taken into account their environment physical condition improvement, about %11 have placed car purchases in the first place, approximately %27 consider switching to other neighborhoods and %11 have considered other criteria for their cost priorities. The results have confirmed that the accumulation of poverty in worn-out textures and informal settlements and unbalanced distribution of facilities and services in the city of Shahriyar. According to the results of the neighbor nearest mean model, Z score for access to emergency services, office centers, urban facilities and educational centers is equal to -4.76, -6.5, -4.83, and -7.3. Therefore, spatial distribution of these services in the Shahriyar city is cluster at %95 level. Meanwhile, Z score for recreation and sports centers access is -0.28, so the spatial distribution of these services in the Shahriyar city level have distributed randomly.

Poverty has been concentrated in the worn-out textures and informal settlements of Shahriar city. The poor neighborhoods of Shahriar city include of North and South Boradabad, Mohammadiyeh, Kershad, Farhang, Taleghani, Kohnese, Sink", while its worn-out texture adapts to the neighborhoods of North and South Boradabad, Kohnz, Kareed and Farhang. The results of research have confirmed that the urban services clustering and the social and spatial exclusion emergence. This situation has led to a kind of spatial mismatch in Shahriyar city. In fact, the social capital of the Shahriyar city impoverished areas has been decayed due to physical, natural, financial, social, symbolic, human and managerial causes. Accordingly, the main suggestions of this research are as follow:v  Prioritizing the public transportation expansion, especially in the city marginal sectors;  Implementing the green belt to control the city disorganized development and use of infill spaces such as abandoned, worn-out and empty land; The development of basic services such as libraries, clinics, green spaces, schools and cultural facilities in poor areas or slum;  Residents economic empowerment through local loan and savings fund creation, job skills training, supporting small and medium-sized manufacturing workshops and exploiting home-based businesses capacity (especially women);  Determination of residential unit's documents status and increase the sense of belonging to the place among the residentsCreating centers for crisis management, especially against earthquakes and local forces training.

Poverty in the developing world is rapidly urbanizing. As they have referred to in terms such as "urbanization in the face of poverty" and "urbanization under poverty". According to statistics from the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development, more than 20 million people live in slum dwellings in Iran, which 11 million of them resettled in informal settlements and 9 million in worn-out tissues. Most of the urban slums are located in Tehran province, with a U-shaped crescent around the Tehran metropolis from Karaj to Varamin. Meanwhile, the metropolis of Tehran, like many of the world's largest metropolises, has experienced significant growth over the last five decades. The population of the Tehran city has increased from 2.7 million in 1966 to 8.8 million in 2011. Also, it has grown from 4600 hectares to more than 61,000 hectares. In other words, the extent of Tehran has increased more than 13 times over a period of seventy years. As a consequence of this situation, urban poverty zones has grown its inside and around. According to surveys, there are 3269 hectares of worn-out tissues in Tehran, which its hectares 593 are located in central Tehran. Area of 12 and adjacent areas such as 11-13-15 and 16 are in this range. Accordingly, the purpose of the present research is determination of urban poverty zones of Tehran metropolitan 12 area for inhabitants empowerment and organization and quality enhancement of life and place.

This research is an applied. A quantitative approach was used with regard to the investigated components. The research statistical population is the 12 area of Tehran metropolitan in 2016. Necessary information was extracted from statistical blocks of IRAN in 2016. Indexing was done using the database information in Arc / GIS software, Arc / View. Then outputs were extracted from the indices and transferred to Excel. After performing the above steps, the indices were transferred to SPSS software and the indices were classified into 5 factors through factor analysis model. Eigenvalues, percentages of variance, cumulative variance, as well as coefficient of difference (gap between blocks) were calculated for each of the four factors. Considering each of the extraction factors, the city blocks were classified into five groups: very affluent, affluent, medium, poor and very poor.

Based on the findings of the study, the first factor was classified into 9 indices, including net residential density, total residential density, residential population density, area population density, net residential per capita, employment rate, task coefficient, population burden and economic participation. This factor had the most influence among the four factors. In the second factor, 10 indices are loaded. In the third factor, there are 4 indicators. In the face factor, there are 4 indicators. According to the first factor, blocks 137 were very poor, poor blocks 337, moderate blocks 390, prosperous blocks 173, blocks 24 very prosperous. In other words, the spatial distribution of urban poverty in terms of economic-physical factors in 12 district of Tehran was as follows: 13% of urban blocks are very poor, % 32 poor, %37 moderate, %16 prosperous and % 2 very prosperous. According to the second factor, blocks 76 were very poor, poor 277, moderate 444, prosperous 232, 32 very prosperous. Therefore, the spatial distribution of urban poverty from the perspective of socio-economic and cultural factors in 12 district of Tehran was as follows: %3 of urban blocks belong to very affluent class, % 22 prosperous, %42 moderate, %26 poor and %7 very poor. According to the third factor, blocks 55 were very poor, blocks 372 of poor, blocks 393 of moderate, prosperous blocks 188, very prosperous blocks 53. Surveys showed that %5 of the blocks were very affluent, %18 prosperous, %37 moderate, %35 poor and %5 very poor.According to the fourth factor, blocks 50 were very poor, poor blocks 220, moderate blocks 490, affluent blocks 276, and very prosperous blocks 25. As a result, % 2 were very affluent, %26 prosperous, %46 moderate, % 21 poor and %5 very poor from the socioeconomic perspective. By combining the above four factors together as a combined index, the results were as follows: blocks 53 equivalent to %5 very prosperous, blocks 277 equivalent to %26 prosperous, blocks 401 equivalent to %38 moderate, blocks 257 equivalent to % 24 poor and Block 73 equivalent to % 7 very poor.

The results of the present research indicate that population %31 of the 12 area are poor, while %38 of them belong to the middle class. Thus, social polarization has occurred in 12 area. In fact, inequality has been formed between the city blocks and the social, economic, and physical differences between them are clearly visible. The results of this research are in line with the findings of Rustaii and Karbasi(2017), Farhadikhah et al(2017) and Bozorgvar et al(2017). Based on the results of their research, cities such as Maragheh, Mashhad and Hashtgerd New Town have moved towards social polarization. In addition, the results of this study are in agreement with the findings of Anderson (2004). To a large extent, geographical polarization has been formed in terms of the combination of different economic, social and physical characteristics in the 12th district of Tehran. In geographic polarization, individuals or households are concentrated in particular neighborhoods. Indeed, certain neighborhoods are clustered as the focus of the poor. Poverty in the neighborhoods of the 12 area has intensified geographically. Poverty is most prevalent in central, southern and northern neighborhoods such as Sirus, Shush, Pamnar Ark, Baharestan Saadi and Ferdowsi-Lalehzar. In other neighborhoods such as Amin, Kowsar, Mokhtari Takhti, Ghiam, Sanglj and Shemiran have also taken root less severely. The important point is that there is a direct relationship between poverty and worn-out tissue indices. The highest concentration of worn-out textures is found in neighborhoods such as Shush, Sirus, Mokhtari Takhti, Sanglaj, Pamnar, Amin, Baharestan and parts of Shemiran. Therefore the poor zones overlap with the worn texture zones. Keywords: Urban Poverty, Poverty Zones, Spatial Determination, Worn Textures, 12 Area.