حسین تفضلی

In this research, we will face two concepts; The ruling class (here as the state) and the social base (as the enslaved and ruled class) "Mosca" consider society to consist of two ruling and sub-ruling groups. The ruling class also consists of two groups. The upper echelons are the ruling elite, which is small in number, and the second group, which includes a larger number of people, has the potential to lead. The political stability of a society depends on the level of morality, intelligence and activity of potential elites. According to Mosca, change in the ruling elite occurs when new sources of well-being, a practical interest in the growth of new knowledge and ideas develop, or an old religion collapses or a new one emerges.

In any society the political participation of social groups is formed based on the social and cultural structures of that society, which makes participation reasonable or traditional. The political participation of Baluch women has also been formed on the same basis. In this regard, according to the present question, how has the Baluchistan stratification system brought the political participation of Baluch women under its radius? It was tried to study the political participation of Baluch women according to social stratification. The current research was conducted with a contextual method, as well as with a semi-structured interview technique and targeted sampling of eleven Baluch men and women. The main goals of the research are to untangle the issues and problems of political participation in Baluchistan region. Identifying the effect of political participation on the social stratification process of Sistan and Baluchistan and finding practical and precise solutions for the political participation of women in the province to be used in the development strategies and prospects of the country. The findings of the research show that the political participation of Baluch women has been under the influence of social stratification in Baluchistan. Despite the fact that the background factors such as: patriarchy, gender socialization, religious concepts and historical and mental backgrounds are similar, but women's participation has been formed according to the social stratifications of each part of Baluchistan region. According to social stratifications, including: tribal stratification in northern Baluchistan, caste stratification in central and southern Baluchistan, and economic and tribal stratification in coastal Baluchistan, which affects the political participation of not only women but all the people of the region. This means that the political participation of women in the Baluchistan region in terms of qualitative understanding of this participation, has become a collective action by the influential and superior classes in this region. Based on the contextual method and the central phenomenon obtained, i.e. "retrospection", the social stratification of the Baluchistan region, despite technological, educational developments, etc., is still based on its previous social stratifications, and there has been little change in the social stratifications of Baluchistan region. On the other hand, such a tendency towards the past in the cultural structure of Baluchistan has caused the lack of meritocracy in political and social competitions; For example, the education and expertise of the candidates and participants does not play a significant role in the political equations of Baluchistan. Based on this,. In fact, we see a back-and-forth relationship between these two concepts, which fulfill each other in a vicious circle. Although this research was conducted to investigate the political participation of Baluch women, the results of the qualitative research that focused on the hidden and more complex aspects of this participation described a model of participation that gives meaning not only to women, but also to the whole of political participation in Baluchistan society. In this context, women's participation is not based on their gender, but on the basis of belonging to certain classes and in some cases even as a tool at the disposal of that class. According to the categories of the research, which have progressed towards becoming richer and broader explanations during the analysis of qualitative data, it seems that the social stratification of Baluchistan is based on "tribe" and "caste" in the form of retrospection, and the equations Power and political participation in the Baluchistan region are organized within its framework; As according to the originality of collectivism and the negation of individualism, patriarchy, inner self, etc., women and men of caste and class participate in maintaining the unity of the caste and class and its domination over other castes and classes, and for this purpose, They use their own special tools. Despite the fact that democratic tools such as: elections have existed in this region since the Pahlavi period, but sects and classes used it for sect and class interests, which during the periods of holding elections for the Islamic Council and the City and Village Councils.

One of the new approaches to development is a good governance model that provides the basis for a democratic development. The main features of this model can be "government accountability to citizens", "rule of law", "democracy", "participation", and " right to choose", and so on. In this model, the supreme power belongs to the people.The main question of this research is that "How is thre Good governance dituation mohammad Khatami(seventh and eights) and mahmood Ahmadinejad(ninth and tenth) government?" The main hypothesis of this article is that "It seems(rule of law,accountability,participation )that good governance indicators in the mohammad khatami government have influenced political development in the mahmood ahmadinejad government on social justic."This paper seeks to compare and analyze the The situation of Good governance approaches in mohammad khatami andmahmood Ahmadinejad to content of the rule of law,accountability and participation in those governments by qualitative analysis using documentary library resources.

An examination of the relationship between foreign policy and political development shows that foreign policy discourse has always influenced different chapters of development and in the long run has affected various economic, cultural and political indicators in the international system. Explaining the relationship between foreign policy and political development in Iran shows that the relationship during the presidency of Khatami has a distinct color and affects various aspects of the international system. This descriptive-analytical study answers the question of the impact of the relationship between foreign policy and political development in Khatami's government on the international system. The findings of the study are based on the assumption that the policy of de-escalation of the Khatami government in the context of reforms has led to the growth of components of political development, which in turn has affected the international system in various cultural, economic and political aspects. The aim of this study is to show the relationship between the foreign policy of Khatami's government in creating political development and in line with global equations in the direction of development and progress, which has had very positive effects on the international system. The perspective of the relationship between foreign policy and political development during Khatami's presidency has important implications for the international system in accepting cultural pluralism, which means opposition to the unipolar system, as well as results such as peace and friendship in the global paradigm and the participation of all nations. It has changed the conditions of the international system.

One of the examples of urban diplomacy is sisterhood, which is considered in order to bring nations closer and introduce the culture and civilization of countries to each other. The importance of sisterhood for countries such as Iran, which is ethnically and religiously diverse, has a significant potential for sisterhood. The present article seeks to answer the question with a descriptive-analytical method what is the importance and position of sisterhood and sisterhood capacities of Iranian cities? The results show that the twinning agreement, in addition to providing the necessary capacity for cities to participate with each other and play a role in international politics, will lead to sustainable development of cities in various economic, cultural and political dimensions and Iran due to its neighborhood with fifteen The country, as well as its historical and cultural richness, has the capacity of sisterhood with historical, cultural, social, scientific, technological, literary and artistic fields.

The main question of this article is about socio-political symbolism in contemporary poetry and its impact on the developments of the Islamic Revolution. The scope of research is limited to two poets (Shamloo and Akhavan). Symbolism is a school of art that has created numerous works in poetry, literature and painting. Symbolism means the use of the word in a symbolic-metaphorical sense. Political symbolism generally and often grows in an atmosphere of political obstruction and creates a revolutionary public atmosphere. In the second Pahlavi oppression, symbolism peaked in poetry and eventually influenced revolutionary discourse. This study, by examining the symbolism in the poetry of Shamloo and the Brotherhood, has come to the conclusion that the emergence of aspects of revolutionary discourse is rooted in the same literary atmospheres that have prepared the general mentality of society for the storm of revolution. The qualitative research method was descriptive-analytical and the data collection method was library.

Corruption has different forms and effects, both on the economy and society in general, because it prevents economic growth and affects business operations, employment and investment. Therefore this article will investigate the effect of corruption spread factors on economic indicators and providing confronting strategies. From this perspective, after expanding the conceptual space of the issue, it will examine the factors influencing the spread of corruption. According to the thematic documents presented in this research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the data collection method in this research is library. The findings of the article are: First, the most important factors influencing the spread of corruption can be the political and economic environment, habits, customs, traditions and demographics, religion, lack of e-government, bureaucracy and dysfunctional administrative and political structure, and civic participation and Freedom of the media pointed out that, secondly, in the field of the impact of corruption on economic indicators, we can mention "the effect of corruption on jobs", "the effect of corruption on investment", "talent allocation" and "the effect of corruption on taxes" and thirdly, in the solutions section. He pointed to the promotion of ethics in the form of public culture, publicizing the culture of fighting corruption, strengthening public awareness, strengthening the religious attitudes and beliefs of employees and managers, legalism of employees and managers, and institutionalizing a culture of criticism.

The present study seeks to design and validate the social harm model of the cultural policy making process in fighting against corruption in the administrative system and political management of the country. From this perspective, this study is prepared using the strategy of qualitative research and content analysis. Research data were collected using semi-standard interviews with 17 experts in the field of public and cultural policy making who were selected using theoretical sampling method. The date were collected using the content analysis method and thematic network, the analyzed themes and the conceptual model of network measurement. The findings of the qualitative research showed that the social harm model of the cultural policymaking process in fighting against corruption in the administrative system and political management of the country has 3 comprehensive themes: organizational, action and structural damage, 8 main organized themes, 6 sub-organized themes and at last , it has reached theoretical saturation with 112 basic themes. In addition, in order to validate the themes and the model, two methods of validity evaluation have been used in the communication method and also in the audit method, and in order to test the reliability two methods of reproducibility and transferability or generalizability have been used.

The present article studies the two categories of political development and elitism and the interrelationships between the two through the analysis of two official discourses in post-revolutionary Iran, namely the discourse of the fifth and sixth governments (Constructive Discourse) and deals with the discourse of the seventh and eighth governments (Reform Discourse). The main question: what has been the place of development in these two discourses and in this regard, what approach have these two discourses taken to elitism as one of the most important components of development? The hypothesis that is put forward on this basis: the influential feature in the Construction Discourse is economic development and as a result is limited to the use of economic elites and technocrats; while the same variable in the Reform Discourse undergoes a major change. The results of the research show that during the Reform Discourse, political development replaces economic development in the first discourse and in the field of elitism, priority is given to political and cultural elites. The research method in this article is to collect historical documents and existing documents in a library method and then to analyze the data.

MahmūdAhmadī Nizhād is the head of the 9th and 10th government in the Islamic Republic of Iran who launched his work with an approach to revive the principles and ideals of the Islamic Revolution. The purpose of the present study is to represent a distinct analysis of the concept of political development in the discourse of MahmūdAhmadī Nizhād that in contrast with the western conception of political development, is accompanied with some requirements such as establishing Islamic civilization by the Islamic Republic Government and improving Islamic culture and civilization in the international level. Using descriptive analysis, this study deals with the main research question that: what does the concept of political development mean in in the priciplist idea of MahmūdAhmadī Nizhād? This research delves deep into the principlist discourse of the parties and democratic organizations as well as the role of people in achieving the goals of the revolution and then represents a new interpretation of the concept of political development. This interpretation recognizes the establishment of Islamic civilization and justice by the Islamic Republic of Iran throughout the world as the center of this concept in the intellectual discourse of MahmūdAhmadī Nizhād.

The political behavior of a society has always been influenced by various factors that have caused changes in the behavior of individuals. The Corona crisis, which societies are currently facing, has also brought about change in this dimension of behavior. But in the meantime, there are certainly other factors that facilitate the impact of the Corona crisis on the political behavior of society. According to this view, this study intends to analyze the effect of the Corona crisis on the political behavior of society based on Freud's death instinct. The method used in this research is library and an attempt has been made to provide a citationable result using the sources of update. In the above research, three hypotheses have been proposed that confirmed the results of all three hypotheses. According to the presented results, the political behavior of the society is influenced by the policies that are adopted by politicians at any time. These policies cause people to be politically active or isolated. In the current situation, society has chosen to isolate and exclude people from society. Stagnation and isolation or withdrawal from society are signs of Freud's death instinct. As a result, it can be said that Freud's death instinct plays a mediating role in the relationship between the political behavior of society and the Cronf crisis.

The present study aims to analyze the socio-political symbolism in the works of Samad Behrangi and Mahmoud Dolatabadi. In order to collect information, the library method was used by phishing method and the information was analyzed using the descriptive method. The results showed that two factors played a role in the tendency of Samad Behrangi and Mahmoud Dolatabadi towards symbolism. The first is the internal factors that shaped the thinking of these thinkers. The suffocated society in the second Pahlavi period, made the mentioned writers unable to express their words clearly and therefore used symbols to express their opinions. On the other hand, the external factor of this idea should not be ignored. Given that Behrangi and Dolatabadi carried part of the ideas of the Tudeh Party with them, Western thinking and intellectual illusion were created in them. And they thought that if they introduced the Western style of thought and literature into Iranian literature, they could better convey their meaning to the audience. As a result of these factors, Samad Behrangi and Mahmoud Dolatabadi tried to use socio-political symbolism in their prose and are among the leaders in the style of symbolism in Iran.

Achieving political development requires the political participation of social groups in society and women's political participation really matters. In any society the fulfillment of proper participation of women in polities is hindered by specific obstacles.Accordingly, in the present study, attempts have been made to examine the barriers of political participation in women in the Baluchistan region by means of institutionalization and qualitative techniques;qualitative interviews with elitists in Baluchistan provided themes for researchers to specify condition of political participation of women among the Baluch. Findings in the present study state that barriers of political participation of women can be considered from two aspects. First, the way official institution look at women, second, the culture of Baluchistan people. The results suggest that the main obstacles are informal or intangible institutions, such as fathers or patriarchal culture, and some religious beliefs, which, on the one hand, is the cause of women's lack of selflsteem in political activities. On the other hand, legal and formal institutions appear to reflect the less formal institutions that have undergone some kind of institutional process, Nevertheless, participatory institutions such as Islamic councils of the city and village have been able to effectively reduce the influence of informal institutions on political participation of Baluch women gradually.

Equality on women's issues in western and eastern societies has always been extremely weak. The feminist movement in the West is one of the movements that have attempted to use gender vacuum to explore gender and gender issues in the field of metaphysics, epistemology and ontology. This field, in addition to expanding its content in the aforementioned areas, can influence the geographical territory of many countries, including our country. The present article seeks to answer this question by using qualitative content analysis method that what kind of feedback to feminism flow has been created in Iran after the Islamic Revolution? There has been some feedback on the emergence of this movement, including two types of feedback, namely two gender-based approaches to gender equality as well as a critical approach based on gender equality.

Transparency is about directing the strategic and intelligent efforts of citizens and creation of common perception . Als,emphasizing transparency in social groups strengthens the sociability of individuals. In fact,the consequence and expansion of transparency on the one hand and the commitment to transparency on the other hand strengthens pride and will through the feeling of being effective.That is,the more a person's commitment to transparency and expectation of transparency from others is strengthened, his motivation for action is stronger.Due to the importance of subject the transparency of research in the face of descriptive research, analytics seeks to answer the main question that, what will be the role of transparency interpretation frameworks as a balancing mechanism for collective action according to current Iranian strategies? When the society lacks the functional balance of political and economic structures, multiple slots in the power structure and the society will be created, which leads to civil discontent and subsequently social action will expand. Therefore, favorable structural backgrounds, structural pressures and generalized beliefs will be prepared for action. Furthermore,transparency is an integration of the realization of credible opportunities for spontaneous action and the organization of collective action.The occurrence of same accelerating events, the actualization of mobilization potential with components of creating political and social opportunities were in line with the expansion of collective participation of the intended activists and transparency is effective in social control, the inhibition of collective actions and guiding them to predictable routes, which will be explored in more detail in the present work.

In recent years, the health system of the country has been accompanied by various problems that caused dissatisfaction among the people and the various sectors of the health system. After the eleventh government emerged, the Ministry of Health and Medical Education developed a Health System Evolution Plan. The plan, which seeks to protect peoples’ financial against health costs, improving quality and access to health care, it was implemented in govermental hospitals across the country in April 2014. The current research was applied in terms of descriptive-cross-sectional method and using the questionnaire tool. Hence, the statistical population included citizen stakeholders in the development of the health system (doctors, people, and nurses). Based on the results of the data analysis in SPSS software, study showed that the appropriateness of assessing the Iranian physicians' knowledge of the Health System Evolution Plan was in the first rank with the average score of 2.98.  Moreover, the performance adequacy of the health insurance organizations in intergovernmental cooperation with the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in the implementation of the effectiveness of the Health System Evolution Plan was at 40th rank with an average of 1.50 points. In fact, it was indicatd that appropriatness of health insurance  organizations’ performances in Inter-departmental collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Medical Education was  considered as less importance for the implementation of the Health System Evolution Plan .

The presence of women in economic, social and cultural activities is one of the basic principles of sustainable development. In the country, during the last four decades of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, women's participation in the social sphere has always been highlighted and the topic of women's social and welfare issues has been discussed. Women's employment has been considered as one of the priorities in the planning process of post-Islamic revolution. But what is being addressed is the challenges that can be seen from the different approaches of governments in this area, which has made the situation of the policy system In his field Women's chest does not have a stable stability. Therefore, the present paper uses a qualitative analysis method to examine the effect of empowerment and family-oriented approaches of governments on women's job creation goals. Research shows that the lack of problem-solving of governments in the area of ​​employment policy and the subsequent pursuit of this area has led to a defect in women's employment programs.