حسین حق شناس

Children often spend time in educational spaces with high levels of stress, which hinders their creative flourishing and development of their talents. Therefore, in order to protect their mental health, the school environment should be considered in accordance with their conditions. Many indicators (light, ventilation, furniture, color, green space, etc.) are effective in stress level, the most important of which is the green space. The present study investigates the effect of plants in the interior environment of classroom on reducing student’s stress

this descriptive-survey research tries to collect data by creating a quasi-experimental green space in the classrooms. The statistical population in the pre-test were all students (178 people) of the Shohaday-e-Modafe-e- Haram elementary school of Shahin Shahr in fourth, fifth and sixth grade and both sexes.74 students with higher than average stress level were selected purposely for experiment to collect information, the CSSS Children's Stress Symptoms Questionnaire was used with pre-test and post-test groups, of the 2-point Likert type "Yes" and "No". SPSS software version 21.0 was used for Data analysis and ANOVA one-way analysis of variance was implemented to infer the significance of research steps.  

using plants inside the classrooms are effective on reducing stress level with a probability level of 95% which is statistically resulted as significant (P<0.05) in girls’ fourth grade (0.00), boys’ fourth grade (0.04), girls’ fifth grade (0.00), boys’ fifth grade (0.00), and girls’ sixth grade (0.001).

the averages that are resulted through questionnaires demonstrate, in a descriptive and inferential manner, the significance between different stages of the research which proves that using plants in the classroom in elementary schools is effective in reducing student's stress level.

Accessibility, as a factor linking land use with the transportation system, measures the ease of access to urban opportunities and provides the possibility of comparing citizens' use of facilities and evaluating the equality between different people and groups in benefiting from different facilities. One of the urban opportunities is medical centers, which have significant effects on the citizen’s quality of life due to the provision of crucial services. Also, paying attention to sustainable transportation pursuing goals such as the development of public transportation infrastructure, reduction of environmental pollution, and other social costs is important among planners and decision-makers. The purpose of this study is to calculate and analyze the access to medical land uses in the city of Isfahan by bus and car and compare the distribution by these modes on a micro-scale (i.e., the statistical block). In this research, the gravity-based model based on geographical information system (GIS) is used and various transportation costs such as travel time value, vehicle depreciation, fuel consumption cost, and fare are included in the accessibility calculation. This study uses the Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve to evaluate and compare inequality in access to transportation facilities and medical opportunities through bus and car. The results showed that the central areas of Isfahan had a higher accessibility potential than other areas due to the high density of land use and transportation facilities (i.e., stations and various public transportation lines). In general, access by public transportation was lower than the private car, and the lack of public transportation facilities increased the accessibility gap between public transportation and private cars.

Today, sustainable development infrastructures are of particular importance in all aspects of urban management. The transport of goods is directly related to the lives of citizens, therefore, policy making and planning in this area, must be based on sustainable development. From the point of view of sustainable development, inter-urban load has various dimensions of the impact on the lives of citizens, that three economic, social and environmental indicators being its main features. In this study, firstthe sub-indicators of the sustainable development formula was weighted by distributing the questionnaire among experts and were selected four effective strategies. Then, these strategies were questioned by the drivers’ questionnaire and driver behavior was predicted after implement of each policy. In order to examine the simultaneous effectiveness of policies,16 scenarios were applied in the network. Also, the coefficients of the sustainable development model were calibrated to be considered as the criterion for decision-making for the implementation of goods transportation management policies. The results show that implementing the strategy of building 4 docks in the four corners of the central core of the cityis considered as the best single strategy. By analyzing the results of the questionnaire by AHP method, the weight of each indicators and sub-indicators was determined and the environmental index is the most important, and also in the environmental section under the indicator of greenhouse gas emissions, in the economic sector, under the index of travel time, added and in the social sector the total number of accidents Most Important.

The activity-based travel demand modeling is a disaggregate and behavioral approach which has been proposed for improvement of four stage models to improve the forecasts for the implementation of transport demand management policies and has been highly discussed in recent decades. The present study attempted to develop the activity-based travel demand modelling for Isfahan city which aims to have the ability of predicting components of daily activity schedule in disaggregate level and to consider interactions between daily activities and trips. For this purpose, the activity-base data structure was provided from comprehensive studies data of the city of Isfahan in1391. Using the obtained data, based on Boston's  activity based model, daily activity schedule decisions including the selection of the daily activity pattern, the main tour time of day, the main tour mode, the secondary tour time of day and the secondary tour mode were identified & modeled. Binary and multinomial logit models were used for this reason. Since the behavior of the mode choice of the primary and secondary tours were very similar, with Presentation the new structures for mode choice models, the behavior of the mode choice was modeled once generally for all tours and once again in separate intervals of tour performance. In this research, addition to previous research indexes, the model ability in prediction of correct choices has been noticed. Identified significant variables make clear understanding from activity and travel behavior of citizenry which can be used in transportation planning decisions. For instance, family kids, type of activity pattern, the out of town destination, job and gender of person, vehicle ownership etc. were Identified as affecting factors on tour mode choice.

Cordon pricing and odd even policy come from travel demand management (TDM) policies which increase the willingness of people toward public transportation and non-motorized modes with reducing car utility and finally play a major part in decreasing of negative effects of traffic congestion. According to the high importance of choosing the type of TDMs’ policies for big cities in Iran, in this study, is tried to investigate the effects of change of odd even policy (current policy in Isfahan) to cordon pricing policy from the congestion and air pollution point of view. In this regard, the modeling of policies is done with combining the stated preference (SP), which were results of interviews with citizens and revealed percent decrease in air pollution 0.023 ,preference (RP) data. Results for peak hoar show 0.02 percent decrease in congestion costs for cordon pricing policy and 0.017 costs and percent decreases in air pollution and congestion costs, respectively. This 0.0158 percent and .results presents that cordon pricing policy is a more effective policy than odd even policy

Accidents vehicles and pedestrians are the result of an increase in vehicles, and the lack of any planning will cause irreparable damages. Such planning requires prediction models that determine the effect factors and prioritizations possible. Imam Khomeini Street, which is a two-story street in Esfahan, Iran, is ranked first in accidents. Therefore, the aim is to analyze different solutions and their combination and prioritize them for reducing and preventing accidents by modeling.

The crash statistics of 2015 were used. Details were collected through field studies, and the definition of strategies and modeling were done in the IHSDM software. Due to ethical considerations, the people’s identity was not provided by the police. Solutions for removing the marginal park, reducing access, increasing distance, and reducing the fixed objects and their combination were analyzed. For Bridge, the increase in the number and width of the passageways and the distance between barriers were investigated.

The need to calibrate the IHSDM software became clear, and the analyses showed that if no strategy was implemented, the crashes would increase by 12.6%. Among the individual and combined solutions, the removal of the marginal park and the use of four solutions at the same time, and for the bridge, the increase in the distance barrier were identified as the most influential.

It became clear that the application of models, the provision of solutions, the study of the effect and the prioritization and using all factors involved in crashes is necessary

The field and

The increase in population growth and the expansion of the streets and, consequently, the rise of cars have increased the crowds, congestion, air pollution and also noise and become one of the major problems of metropolitan cities. Some of the main objectives of transportation management policies are included reducing vehicle numbers, reducing the travel time of public systems and improving access to the public system as absorption policy and fuel pricing, parking pricing and entering the city center as disposal policy. The pricing policy in the city’s central area (CBD) was one of these policies, and knowing its impact on controlling the entry of cars into the area is an important issue. So,The purpose of this research is to evaluate the reduction of the use of personal vehicles due to the pricing of the in the city’s central area (CBD) before and after the improvement of the public transportation system.

In this study, since there is no possibility to observe the conditions for improving the public transportation system, so has been used the preference method and the information has been collected through in-person interview with personal vehicle users. With notice that the purpose of the trip was job for more than 50 percent and about 25 percent for purchase, the impact of cordon pricing and improving the public transportation system was examined for all travels, business trips and shopping trips. Interviewees responded to questions about travel characteristics, socio-economic characteristics, and their choice options in terms of pricing policies for personal vehicles.

The results show that with the existing public transportation and pricing of 40000 and 80000 rials , respectively , in 68 and 89 percent of trips, passengers have changed their personal vehicle and in terms of improving public transportation seystem are 93 and 98 percent respectively.

 in improving and expanding public transportation systems take care, and then, pricing is to be used with the goal of reducing the loging cars and making money for further development of public transport.

Cycling has considerable importance in promoting physical and mental health and reducing the pollution. Using the bike at the universities because of the age class, short distances and safety have been welcomed worldwide. In Isfahan University of Technology, large population centers distances of each other has exceeded the maximum optimal walking distance. The aim of this study was to evaluate matrix for cycling demand and offering bike facilities for Isfahan University of Technology. In this study, first the data were collected and analyzed from all University male students. Conducting a survey, journey model, the welcome and the problems of cycling from the perspective of students is determined. Zoning transportation was done for university and then demand matrix was extended and modified using the information matrix for the areas of travel have been calculated using dual growth. Then, using the mode choice model, the potential use of bicycles for couples of different origin and destinations are specified. Finally, the proposed cycling routes and facilities for IUT are provided. The results showed the importance and feasibility of use of cycling for sustainable transport development in universities.

In present society, with population growth and increasing vehicle traffic, demand management procedures are efficient solutions for reducing traffic. This study examines absorption policy to improve the Bus and Taxi system area, complete subway lines and encourages aligning against these policies of bowel pricing into the central area, raise parking fee and odd, even restriction for central area of Esfahan. For this purpose, a dynamic system model is used. In this study, Information is gathered from existed information in Esfahan Municipality and previous study in the area and is used for central of Esfahan area. Among this result is in sort to complete subway lines, improving the bus system, pricing into the central area, raise parking fee, improve the taxi system, even, odd restriction and encourage reducing traffic are the most effective policies.