فهرست مطالب حسین شیروانی

Myokines are produced in response to contractions and mechanical stress caused by exercise and plays a key role in muscle regeneration or control of some diseases. The role of resistance training in the secretion of myokines has been less investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of resistance training on the expression of musclin, apelin and decorin genes in the soleus muscle of male Wistar rats.

The present study was experimental. Sixteen 8-week-old male Wistar rats with an average weight of 223±16.99 grams were randomly divided into 2 groups of control (n=8) and resistance training (n=8). After familiarizing the animals with the laboratory environment and resistance training on the ladder, the rats in the resistance training group trained on the ladder for 4 weeks, 3 days per week. Expression values of musclin, apelin and decorin genes of soleus muscle were measured by RT-PCR method. To analyze the data, independent t test was used at the level of p<0.05 using SPSS version 16 statistical software.

The results of this study showed that performing 4 weeks of resistance training on a regular basis can significantly increase musclin (p=0.0004), apelin (p<0.0001) and decorin (p=0.0078) in the slow-twitch soleus muscle compared to the control group.

It seems that doing resistance exercises regularly in a short period of time can significantly increase some myokines in slow-twitch muscles, which can have beneficial and preventive effects against lifestyle-related diseases.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training and nanocurcumin supplementation on protein amounts of NF-κB and IL-1α involved in tumor metabolism in rats with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).

30 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups namely, healthy control, GBM, GBM+resistance training (RT), GBM+nanocurcumin supplement (NCUR), and GBM+RT+NCUR. GBM was injected into the frontal cortex of rats. The training group performed incremental resistance training on the ladder for 4 weeks, 3 days per week. At the end, the rats were sacrificed and the histological changes of the brain tumor were evaluated by H&E method, and also the expression of NF-κB and IL-1α protein were measured by western blot method.

Compared to the healthy control group, the GBM group showed significant tissue changes (increasing tumor area) and increased IL-1α protein levels (p≤0/05). In the analysis of tissue changes, it was found that the GBM+RT, GBM+NCUR and GBM+RT+NCUR (p≤0/05) groups showed a significant reduction in the brain tumor area compared to the GBM group. Also, the GBM+RT+NCUR group showed a significant decrease in tumor area compared to the GBM+RT and GBM+NCUR groups (p≤0/05).

It seems that, to evaluate the changes of inflammatory markers involved in tumor metabolism, longer treatment duration, different dosage of supplements, different exercise training, intensity and volume of exercise training should be used. Also, the progress of the disease can be one of the factors affecting the non-change of the molecular factors of the present study.

 Increased nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling in neuroblastoma cells may represent an autocrine system to support cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the simultaneous effect of aerobic exercise and nano curcumin supplementation on the expression of BDNF and NGF genes in rats with brain tumors.

 A total of 35 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to seven groups of five: healthy base control, healthy control of 4 weeks, base cancer control, four weeks of cancer control, cancer+nanocolumns, cancer+aerobic, and cancer exercise+aerobic exercise+nanocolumns. After injecting cancer cells into the mice's forehead cortex, with 80 mg/kg supplement gauges for 28 days, five days a week, enter the main aerobic exercise program on the rotating tape for four weeks, three days a week. At 18 m/min, they were 25-40 minutes. In the end, the mice were sacrificed, and data were collected.

The expression of the BDNF gene in the training+nano curcumin group was significantly decreased compared to the baseline cancer control and 4-week cancer (P<0.05). Moreover, the expression of the NGF gene in the exercise group showed a significant decrease compared to the baseline cancer control and 4-week cancer (P<0.05). Nonetheless, no significant difference was observed in the nano curcumin group and nanocurcumin +exercise (P>0.05).

It seems that aerobic exercise along with nanocurcumin can possibly increase neurogenesis in rats with brain cancer by reducing BDNF and NGF gene expression through receptors.

Physiological angiogenesis and homeostasis of blood vessels is a complex process that is regulated at a high level by the balance between positive proteins such as follistatin-like factor-1 (FSTL-1) and negative proteins such as thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). While there is considerable evidence about the role of positive factors in angiogenesis, however, the role of negative factors is not well defined. In physiological conditions, such as resistance training as one of the effective training methods to improve cardiovascular function, the role of these factors is not properly known. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of thrombospondin-1 and follistatin-like factor-1 of heart tissue to six weeks of resistance training in obese male rats.

In an experimental study, 20 Wistar male rats were divided into two equal groups of control and experimental based on weight homogenization. The experimental group participated in a six-week training protocol with a frequency of three training sessions per week, and each session included 10 repetitions with a 90-second rest interval, climbing a resistance training ladder at a height of one meter and an 85-degree incline with a weight attached to the base of the tail (according to the maximum weight carrying capacity of each rat). 48 hours after the last training session, TSP-1 and FSTL-1 values in heart tissue were evaluated using ELISA method. In order to examine the changes between groups, independent t-test were used at a significance level of p<0.05.

The findings showed that performing six weeks of resistance training protocol in the experimental group compared to the control group caused a significant increase in FSTL-1 values (p=0.0001) and a non-significant decrease in TSP-1 values (p=0.09).

It was determined based on the results of this study that intervention of exercise for six weeks of resistance exercises can have positive effects on the development of angiogenesis process in heart tissue. Based on the findings of this study, it seems that six weeks of resistance training, despite the significant decrease in TSP-1 as an inhibitory factor in the angiogenesis process and an increase in FSTL-1 values as an angiogenesis stimulating factor, may have positive effect on improving blood supply to the heart muscle in obese subjects. The data of the present study refer to the role of resistance training in facilitating intracellular signaling pathways that modulate some inhibitory factors and stimulatory factors in heart tissue angiogenesis in obese rats.

In the article published in volume 33, issue 226, 2023, the title was published incorrectly, which is now corrected.

The phenomenon of angiogenesis in pathophysiological conditions such as obesity and physiological conditions such as exercise have different effects on the body. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of six weeks of resistance training on Vascular endothelial growth factor and Neuron Derived Neurotrophic Factor in obese male rats. In an experimental study, 20 male wistar rats aged five weeks and weight approximately 120 to 160 grams, were divided into two equal groups, control and experimental, based on weight homogenization. The experimental group performed a training protocol for six weeks, three sessions per week, and each session includes one set of 10 repetitions with a 90-second rest interval, including of climbing a resistance training ladder at a height of one meter and an incline of 85 degrees with a weight attached to the base of the tail (with Paying attention to the maximum weight carrying capacity of each rat. 48 hours after the last training session, the rats were sacrificed and blood was taken from the heart. The values of VEGF and NDNF in the heart tissue were evaluated with ELISA method. In order to examine the changes of between groups, the independent t-test was used at a significance level of p<0.05. The results indicated that six weeks of resistance training led to a significant increase in VEGF values (p=0.0001) and a significant decrease in NDNF values (p=0.0001) in experimental group in comparison to the control group. Base on the findings of this study, it seems that resistance training can have positive effects on preventing the risk of cardiovascular diseases caused by obesity, by increasing some protective factors and reducing angiogenesis inhibitory factors.

Background &

Brain tumors are one of the deadliest malignancies that can directly affect the brain, and are often accompanied by executive function and memory disorders. The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of endurance exercise and nano curcumin consumption on short-term memory of rats with glioblastoma multiforme brain tumor.
Materials &

In this experimental study, 35 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups of five including: the basic healthy control group, 4-week healthy control, basic cancer control, 4-week cancer control, cancer + nano curcumin group, cancer + exercise, and cancer + practice + nano curcumin. One week after the injection of cancer cells into the frontal cortex, the animals entered the main exercise program on the treadmill (4 weeks, 18 m/min, and 3 days a week). In the end, the rats were sacrificed, the data were collected, and the results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc statistical tests.

The results showed that endurance exercise and nano curcumin consumption significantly reduced the tumor volume in the cancer + exercise + nano curcumin group (P= 0.001), and also caused a significant increase in short-term memory in the studied groups compared to the 4-week cancer group (P= 0.001).

Probably, performing endurance exercises along with the use of nano curcumin can improve short-term memory in rats with brain tumors, in addition to reducing tumor volume.

Any abnormal growth of cells in the brain in an uncontrolled manner leads to the formation of tumor cell masses and disruption of the normal functional functions of the brain, including sensory-motor problems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the The effectiveness of moderate-intensity continuous exercise and nanocurcumin supplementation on sensorimotor disorders in mice with brain tumors.Subjects and

35 healthy male Wistar rats randomly divided into 7 groups of 5, basal control (BC), 4-week control (4wC), basal cancer control(BT), 4-week cancer control(4wT), cancer-training (TE), cancer - Nanocurcumin (TN), Cancer-Exercise-Nanocurcumin (TEN) were divided. One week after the injection of cancer cells in the frontal cortex, the animals entered the main exercise program on the tape by performing the 6-parameter behavioral test (18 points) of Garcia and gavage of nano curcumin supplement at the rate of 80 mg/kg (28 days, 5 days a week). (4 weeks, at a speed of 18 meters per minute, 25-40 minutes and 3 days a week). At the end, rats were victim and data were collected and analyzed.

Continuous exercises with moderate intensity Simultaneously with nano-curcumin supplementation significantly reduced tumor volume in the TEN group (p≤0.05). It also led to a significant increase in behavioral testing in the study groups compared to the 4 wT group.

It seems that the combination of continuous exercises with nano curcumin can be used as a therapeutic supplement along with other methods to reduce brain tumor size and improve sensory-motor functions.

Any defect and abnormal growth in brain cells in an uncontrolled manner leads to the creation of a tumor and disruption of its normal functional capabilities. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of aerobic exercise along with nano curcumin supplementation in behavioral-motor disorders in rats with brain tumors.

A total of 35 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to seven groups of 5: basic healthy control, four weeks healthy, basic cancer control, four weeks cancer, cancer-nano curcumin, cancer-exercise, and cancer-exercise-nano curcumin groups. One week after the injection of cancer cells in the frontal cortex, the animals entered the main training program on the treadmill (4 weeks, with a speed of 18 meters per minute, 25-40 minutes, three days a week). The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 26) using the statistical test of one-way analysis of variance.

The results pointed out that behavioral-motor disorders in the training group, nano curcumin, and the training group-nano curcumin were significantly less than in the 4-week cancer control group (P=0.001).

It seems that aerobic exercise, along with a suitable dose of nano curcumin as a therapeutic supplement along with other methods, can reduce behavioral-motor disorders in cancerous rats, possibly by increasing brain blood flow, neurogenesis, and nerve synapses.

Fatty liver is one of the increasing diseases. Since changes in the gut microbiome causes fatty liver, taking probiotics may help to maintain gut microbial balance. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of probiotics consumption along with high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the ratio of liver enzymes (AST/ALT) in rats with steatosis.

In this experimental study, 40 male rats with an average weight of 200 to 250 grams were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8 (including healthy control, steatosis, HIIT+steatosis, probiotic+steatosis, HIIT+ probiotic+steatosis). They received high-fat emulsion (10 mg/kg/day) to induce steatosis. The probiotic consumption groups received 109 colonies/ml of Lactobacillus rhamnosus bacteria by gavage daily for 5 weeks and 5 days a week. The ratio of AST/ALT in the groups was compared.

The ratio of AST/ALT in the steatosis group was higher than the healthy control group. However, this ratio in steatosis+exercise+probiotic group compared to the steatosis group had the highest decrease than the other intervention groups which shows the positive effect of probiotic consumption and HIIT on improving rats with steatosis (p=0.001).

Lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotics foods consumption along with HIIT led to reduce the ratio of liver enzymes in mice with steatosis.

Exercise is one of the recommended factors to reduce mortality from all types of cancer, especially brain cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the expression of Paxillin and PTK2 genes in the brain tissue of rats with glioblastoma multiforme after aerobic exercise training.

Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n=8): Healthy control, brain tumor, and tumor + aerobic training (AT). Glioblastoma was injected into frontal cortex of rats' brain. The exercise group performed aerobic exercises on the treadmill for four weeks and three days per week at a speed of 18 meters per minute for 25 to 40 minutes. At the end, the rats were sacrificed and Paxillin and PTK2 genes of their brain tissue were analyzed by Real-time PCR method. Histological images with H&E method were also used to confirm the tumor.

The tumor group showed increased necrosis and brain tissue damage compared to the healthy control group. In addition, the tumor group showed a significant increase in the expression of Paxillin and PTK2 genes compared to the healthy control group (p<0.001). This was while doing aerobic exercise in animals with brain tumor caused a significant decrease in Paxillin and PTK2 compared to the tumor group (p<0.001).

Performing aerobic exercise in animals with brain tumors can reduce tumor cell strength by reducing the expression of Paxillin and PTK2 genes (effective in the extracellular matrix). However, more studies are needed in this field.

Maintaining combat readiness for the military is essential to improving the performance and ability to defend the country. L-Arginine supplementation has a positive effect on physical function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of L-arginine supplementation on Army Combat Readiness Test (ACRT) and anaerobic power in the military.

Twenty male military volunteers participated in the study and were randomly divided into two groups of 10 L-arginine and placebo. Before and 12 weeks after supplementation, subjects performed the ACRT and anaerobic tests. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Significance level was considered p≤0.05.

The results showed that L-arginine significantly decreased the ACRT test time (P = 0.001) and significantly increased anaerobic power (P = 0.027) compared to placebo.

This study concludes that 12 weeks of L-arginine supplementation can increase combat power and increase anaerobic power and thus improve physical performance in the military.

Continuous exercise with moderate intensity and the use of nanocurcuminsupplementation has the potential to control and reduce tumors of the central nervous system, includingglioblastoma. We assessed the simultaneous effect of moderate-intensity continuous exercises andnanocurcumin supplementation on STAT3 gene expression in mice with glioblastoma multiforme braintumors.

Subjects and Methods:

 Thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups of fiverats: basal control (BC), 4-week control (4wC), basal cancer control (BT), 4-week cancer control (4 wT),cancer+training (TE), cancer+nanocurcumin (TN), cancer+ exercise + nanocurcumin (TEN). After injectionof cancer cells in the forehead, the animals were treated with nanocurcumin by gavage at the dose of 80mg/kg for 28 days, five days a week, and started moderate-intensity continuous training on the treadmillfor four weeks, three days/weeks, 25 to 40 minutes per week at a speed of 18 m/min. Finally, and thenrats were sacrificed and data were collected.

Moderate-intensity continuous training with nanocurcumin supplementation significantly reducedtumor volume and STAT3 gene expression in the TEN group (P<0.05). But this decrease was notsignificant in the TE and TN groups.

Conclusion:

 It seems that with decreased STAT3 gene expression and brain tumor size, the combinationof moderate-intensity continuous training and nanocurcumin supplementation has a therapeutic role inthe treatment process of glioblastoma multiforme brain tumors.

This study aimed to investigate the performance of visual search and attention functions of aeronauts based on transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).

This study was a non-randomized, semi-experimental, with a single-blind crossover design. The statistical population of the study was military aviators of a training center in Tehran in 2022. Twelve aeronauts (mean age 37.53±4.82) were selected by purposive sampling method and were examined in three rounds under extracranial electrical stimulation with an interval of two days for each stimulation. measurement tools included continuous performance tests and Concentration Attention Test.

The results of testing the hypotheses using analysis of covariance showed that direct electrical stimulation of the brain has a significant effect on reducing the visual search response time and increasing the correct visual search response (P≤0.5). Also, direct electrical stimulation of the brain had a significant effect on reducing the response time of tinnitus and the correct response of tinnitus by aerobic trainers. Also, the study of the difference in stimulation position showed that Anodal stimulation is more effective than other stimulation positions (P≤0.05).

It seems that transcranial electrical stimulation of the brain can be used to maintain concentration and manage the attention of the aeronaut (that is, they have awareness and control at any moment and their attention is best directed to the signals related to the goal).

Fatty liver is one of the increasing diseases in Iran and the world, and for this reason, it is necessary and useful to find a solution to treat or prevent its progress.Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic consumption and intense intermittent exercise on liver enzymes in male rats with steatosis.

In this experimental study, 40 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8 including healthy control, asetosis, exercise+steatosis, probiotic+steatosis, exercise+probiotic+steatosis. To develop fatty liver, they received high-fat emulsion at the rate of 10 mg/kg daily.consumption of probiotics;The respective groups received 109 CFU/ml of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG by gavage daily for 5 weeks and 5 days a week. Data were measured by one-way variance method and Bonferroni's post hoc test at the level of p>0.05.

The levels of AST and ALT enzymes in the probiotic group, the exercise group and the probiotic+exercise group were not significantly lower than the healthy control group,but there was a significant decrease compared to the steatosis group (p=0.001).The level of ALP enzyme in the exercise group and the probiotic+exercise group showed a significant decrease compared to the steatosis group, and the steatosis+exercise+probiotic group, although the decrease was not significant compared to the control group, but it had a significant decrease compared to the steatosis group (p= 0.001).

It seems that the combination of probiotic consumption with intense intermittent exercise has a visible effect on the reduction of liver enzymes.

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a kind of exercise training that is suggested for individuals with sufficient time for regular training.  This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a period of intense intermittent training on the expression of plasma levels of AST, and ALT enzyme in the cardiac tissue of male rats with fatty liver (steatosis model). The statistical sample consisted of 48 male Wistar rats (in2 healthy models with fatty liver) aged 5 weeks and weighing 200-250 and in the same conditions (12:12 darkness and light, temperature 22 ± 2 degrees Celsius (50-60%) humidity (51% humidity) were kept in cages. Gene expression was assessed using Real-timePCR and AST, and ALT enzyme was assessed using ZiestChem diagnostic kits. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey's post hoc test, and the data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22. According to the results, the expression of ASTandALT enzymes in the rats of the patient group increased compared to the rats of the healthy group (p < 0.05), which according to the level of significance It was significant. It seems that a period of intense intermittent training affects the expression of plasma levels of ASTand ALT enzymes in the cardiac tissue of male rats with fatty liver (steatosis model) and can serve as a marker for the prevention and treatment of diseases. Use cardiovascular, fatty liver, obesity as well as diabetes.
Keywords:, AST, ALT anzem, HIIT exercise

Performing physical activity and having a healthy body is one of the most essential life needs of people with fatty liver. In recent years, studies have been performed on the relationship between fatty liver and arthrosclerosis. The results of these studies indicate the relationship between the Non-alcoholic fatty liver and arthrosclerosis of coronary artery disease. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with a sedentary lifestyle and poor eating habits around the world Fatty liver is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries and coronary artery stenosis can affect extracellular matrix factors such as CTGF and RXFP1, which play a role in the formation or non-formation of fibrosis. Studies have shown that fatty liver disease can be effective in causing atherosclerotic changes in arteries and increasing the thickness of the carotid artery as an indicator of atherosclerosis, which can be seen even in mild degrees of fatty liver. Relaxin in all parts of the body can have different expressions of RXFP1 receptor in different arteries, so in rats this receptor is strongly expressed in aortic endothelial cells and RXFP1 activates cAMP, cGMP and cAMP signaling pathways in ERK1 / 2 endothelial cells On the other hand CTGF is mainly synthesized by liver cells in the liver and is strongly induced in liver fibrosis CTGF is induced by fibroblast TGF-β cells and mediates the growth and secretion of extracellular matrix. These results indicate that CTGF is the mediator of many TGF-β-probiotic activities Therefore, the aim is to investigate the effect of this disease on two extracellular matrix genes of the heart.

In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, healthy and fatty liver steatosis. The control group was initially performed in the victim and tissue study And the two healthy and fatty liver groups spent two weeks in the same condition There was a healthy group from the beginning to the end of the study and they did not receive any intervention. Mice in the fatty liver group received oral tetracycline at a dose of 100 mg / kg at a dose of 1.5 ccs per mouse for two weeks. The average weight of the mice was 300 g, of which 100 mg / kg was used for 3 mice, of which 100 mg was dissolved in 4.5 cc and each rat was gavaged 1.5 cc. Fatty liver was modified by measuring liver enzymes (SGPT) and a number of biochemical variables. At the end of the second week, rats two groups were healthy and fatty liver48 hours after the last day (10 to 12 hours of fasting), the studied rats in each group were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of a mixture of 10% ketamine at a dose of 50 mg/kg and 2% xylosin at a dose of 10 mg/kg. became were sacrificed and heart tissue sample were taken to test for RXFP1 and CTGF gene expression. In each group, tissue analysis was performed by Real Time PCR technique. First, primer design was performed and then total RNA was extracted from tissues and converted to cDNA. Then cDNA was Replicated by PCR and examined for the expression of the mentioned genes.

After the second week and examining expression level of RXFP1 and CTGF genes between control, healthy and fatty liver groups, ANOVA test results showed that the expression level ofRXFP1 and CTGF genes (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0001, respectively) In the fatty liver group, significantly increased compared to the healthy and control groups Considering the value of P<0.05, the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference between the level of RXFP1 in different research groups was rejected with 95% confidence. The results between the steatosis group and the other two groups were significant in increasing the level of RXFP1 gene expression. Therefore, it can be said that in the presence of fatty liver, the expression of RXFP1 gene increases in the heart tissue of male rats in order to inhibit fibrosis. Also, in terms of significance, the results between the steatosis group and the other two groups were significant in increasing the level of CTGF gene expression. Therefore, it can be said that in the presence of fatty liver in the steatosis model, the CTGF gene expression increases in line with the increase in cardiac fibrosis.Overall, our results showed that with the onset of fatty liver disease, both connective tissue growth factors and relaxin increased in the heart, and an increase in connective tissue growth factor indicates cardiac tissue damage, which can lead to heart tissue fibrosis. Therefore, these findings can help new therapies aimed at modulating the effects of CTGF and the use of RXFP1 as a new direction for further clinical studies. Our other findings showed that with induction of fatty liver, the level of RXFP1 in heart tissue increased from the beginning and did not change until the end of the two weeks. The expression level of RXFP1 gene in steatosis fatty liver groups (BS, CS) was significantly higher than the other 2 groups on the other hand the increase in connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in this study was probably to produce extracellular matrix and compensate for their degradation, and the increase in RXFP1 was to prevent collagen deposition in ECM connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in cardiac tissue increased sharply, such that its rate increased up to 7 times in the first two weeks compared to the control group, and this increase continued until the end of the two weeks, that increased 10 times However, this method should be considered with more caution because high expression of CTGF increases the level of fibronectin, collagen I and III proteins in the extracellular matrix, followed by myocardial infarction

The fatty liver model of steatosis increases the expression of cardiac CTGF gene and fibrosis, and also increases the RXFP1 gene, which has anti-fibrosis activity. CTGF (CCN2) in response to tissue damage initiates signaling pathways of connective tissue regeneration Therefore, and cardiac tissue fibrosis. RXFP1, which is a component of the extracellular matrix and is most commonly expressed in aortic endothelial cells exerts most of its physiological effect on the cardiovascular system through NO (Nitric oxide).

The aim of this study was to discover and explain factors affecting the health-oriented sport of the Iranian Armed Forces. Sports policy-making will not be possible without a comprehensive investigation of all the effective factors and their importance.

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 elites of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, including 12 managers, commanders, and eight academic elites. Data were analyzed through a three-step coding based on grounded theory. Researchers sought to identify the factors influencing the sports policies of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran by coding in three steps (open codes, themes, and categories).

After data analysis, 1316 open codes were categorized into five primary interventions, including legal interventions (767 codes, 58.3%), social environment interventions (269 codes, 20.4%), sports interventions (162 codes, 12.3%), physical environment interventions (110 codes, 8.4%) and technological interventions (8 codes, 0.6%).

Analysis revealed that sports intervention was considered one of the independent interventions in sports policy emphasizing health because the armed forces are not a specific organization with a sports mission. Also, technological interventions were not considered one of the primary interventions in physical activity and sports-based health. It indicated that technology-based alterations are still not considered an effective intervention in Iran's armed forces culture. Generally, the factors influencing the sports policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran included legal intervention, social environment, physical and sports environment, and legal intervention affected the highest impact in comparison with other interventions.

In recent years, studies have been conducted on the relationship between fatty liver and atherosclerosis, and the results of these studies indicate the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver and atherosclerosis of coronary arteries. Fatty liver is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. An increase in the thickness of the intima-media layer of the carotid artery and stenosis of the common carotid artery secondary to carotid plaques are indicators of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the expression of cardiac 1 RXFP and CTGF genes in male rats with fatty liver steatosis model.

48 male Wistar rats weighing 230-300 g in 6 basic healthy groups (BH), modeled basic group (steatosis) (BS), healthy HIIT group (HIIT), modeled HIIT group (steatosis) SHIIT), healthy control group (CH), modeled control group (steatosis) (CS) were randomly divided. Rats in the fatty liver group received oral tetracycline daily for two weeks. The rats of the training groups were also trained for 5 weeks/5 days. Two groups, BS and BH, were sacrificed at the end of the second week, and the training groups and the CS group were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week, and heart tissue samples were taken to examine the expression of SGPT genes. , RXFP1 and CTGF were taken.

The amount of SGPT in BS and CS groups was significantly higher than the other 4 groups.

Type2 diabetes is a metabolic disease that is rapidly increasing in the world. GLUT4 and RBP4 are factors that play a role in glucose uptake. This study aimed to investigate the effect of moderate-intensity continuous training on RBP4 and GLUT4 gene expression of soleus muscle in STZ induced diabetic rats.

This experimental study was conducted between May and September 2016 at Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences. In this study, there were 48 8-week-old male Wistar rats (mean weight 250±20) that were randomly divided into four groups: basic control, 12-week control, diabetes, diabetes and moderate continuous training. Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin solution. The training protocol consisted of continuous aerobic training for 12 weeks, five sessions per week in the form of running on a treadmill. After sampling, real-time PCR expression was used to measure gene expression. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software, version 22 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA) and graphs were drawn using GraphPad Prism, version 8, (GraphPad Software, USA).

According to the results, there was a significant increase in RBP4 in the diabetic group compared to other groups. compared to the two groups of diabetes and diabetes, along with moderate continuous training, RBP4 gene expression was less expressed in diabetic training. Regarding GLUT4, there was a significant difference between diabetes and diabetes groups with training. Also, the expression of the GLUT4 gene in the diabetic group with training was higher than the other groups. According to this study, it was shown that moderate-intensity continuous training somehow reduces the negative effects of diabetes on metabolism and health by activating various cellular and molecular pathways and mechanisms.

the present study showed the effect of moderate-intensity continuous training on the expression of RBP4 and GLUT4 genes in soleus muscle which can be effective in glucose uptake. It was also shown that moderate-intensity continuous training can minimize the complications of diabetes by reducing RBP4 gene expression.

The effect of retirement as a significant stage of a turning point in the person's life and its effect on various physiological and psychological capacities in different aspects are significant. Hence, the importance of identifying interventions in order to increase body and mental health among retirees is important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of guided visualization and mental imagery on perceived stress, psychological well-being, and sleep quality in armed forces retirement.

The present study had a semi-experimental design and used pre-tests and post-tests. A total of 60 Armed Forces Retirement (60-70 years), were selected from among the military retirees in Tehran and were randomly assigned into two groups of 30 (experimental group: 30 men; control group: 30 men). During 12 sessions, Patients were treated 3 times weekly with guided visualization and mental imagery. Perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]), psychological well-being (Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scales), and quality of sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were measured before and after the intervention.

The results of the covariance test showed a significant decrease in perceived stress (P≤0.01) in the armed forces retirement in the intervention group, as well as significantly increased psychological well-being (P≤0/01) and sleep quality (P≤0/01) in the armed forces retirement in the intervention group, but no significant difference was observed in the control group.

The results of this study supported the claim that training-guided visualization and mental imagery technique could reduce perceived stress and increased psychological well–being and sleep quality in the armed forces retirement through its effect on the coping mechanism, leading to the promotion of well-being. This study that guided visualization and mental imagery technique could prevent and control perceived stress and improve Psychological well-being and sleep quality in armed forces retirement in order to strengthen their mental health.

Achieving the optimum levels of combat readiness, its assessment and maintenance have great priority in countries' military forces. This research was carried out with the aim of assessing the combat physical fitness of the military forces army center.

In the cross-sectional descriptive study, 50 volunteers aged 27.5 years, 176.7 cm height; 73.2 kg body weight and 23.5 body mass index were selected non-randomly and intentionally as study samples and voluntarily take part in the study. After familiarization the main test session including 23-meter-two-speed movements, J-Hook scrolls, 23 meters of crawling, 69 meters causality drag, 69 meters carrying two ammunition boxes, a grenade launcher + Swedish push-up and running 600 meters accomplished. Statistical analysis of data carried out with SPSS version 24 using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, standard score).

Results showed that at the total test time and 600-meter endurance running test participants gained 3.01 min and 1.43 min respectively. In addition, subjects have a record of 17.9 seconds in carrying two ammunition boxes, 26.77 seconds in causality drag, 4.97 seconds in 23 meters and 17.56 seconds in crawling.

Based on the optimum results of the total test time, endurance running, subjects’ records in strength endurance tests. It could be concluded that in cardiovascular and muscular endurance components of combat physical fitness studied armies were in optimum levels but in other elements such as in strength endurance and speed they had suboptimum performance. It suggested that greater emphasis should be focused on strength endurance or speed training in the comprehensive planning of army physical training.

Maintaining combat readiness for the military is essential to improving the performance and ability to defend the country. L-Arginine supplementation has a positive effect on physical function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of L-arginine supplementation on Army Combat Readiness Test (ACRT) and anaerobic power in the military.

Twenty male military volunteers participated in the study and were randomly divided into two groups of 10 L-arginine and placebo. Before and 12 weeks after supplementation, subjects performed the ACRT and anaerobic tests. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Significance level was considered p≤0.05.

The results showed that L-arginine significantly decreased the ACRT test time (P = 0.001) and significantly increased anaerobic power (P = 0.027) compared to placebo.

This study concludes that 12 weeks of L-arginine supplementation can increase combat power and increase anaerobic power and thus improve physical performance in the military.