حمیدرضا آقامحمدیان شعرباف

Migraine headache is a chronic neurological disease that varies in frequency and intensity. This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of a tissue therapy plan in improving the quality of life for individuals with migraines, based on gender.
The research employed a semi-experimental pre-test/post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all patients diagnosed with migraines who visited the neurology clinics of Qaim and Farabi hospitals in Mashhad in 1401 (2022). A sample of 30 patients was selected based on availability after final diagnosis by a neurologist and was randomly assigned to two groups of 15: an experimental group and a control group. The intervention comprised 16 sessions, each lasting 90 minutes, conducted over a period of 4 months for the experimental group. Additionally, participants completed a health background questionnaire (short form). Research data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 and multivariate covariance analysis.
The results of the multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that tissue schema therapy significantly improved both physical and mental health in migraine patients (P < 0.01). Further analysis revealed that tissue schema therapy improved the physical health of women with migraines, while there was no significant difference between men and women regarding the mental health component.
Therefore, it can be concluded that, compared to the control group, tissue schema therapy significantly enhanced the quality of life for migraine patients and was particularly effective in improving physical health in women.

Human emotions and feelings play a significant role in mental health. In this regard, emotional maturity is a skill that manages emotions in response to environmental demands. The present study aimed to predict emotional maturity based on early maladaptive schemas mediated by empathy in college students.

The research method was descriptive and correlational. The study population consists of Ferdowsi University students enrolled in the academic year 2022-2023. Among them, 353 individuals were selected through convenience sampling. Singh and Bhargava Emotional Maturity Scale (1990), Young Schema Questionnaire (1998), and Mehrabian and Epstein Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale (1972) were used for data collection. Structural equation modeling was employed to examine the mediating role of variable.

The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated a significant negative correlation between early maladaptive schemas and emotional maturity and empathy. Additionally, emotional maturity had a significant positive correlation with empathy. The results of the structural equation model revealed that the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and emotional maturity is directly established and empathy cannot mediate this relationship.

Given the results of this study, the impact of early maladaptive schemas on emotional maturity can be of increased concern.

Retirement is a challenging and unavoidable step in the working life of people, which is associated with adverse consequences for their mental health and well-being. Social well-being is one of the dimensions of well-being that can be affected by retirement. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between the meaning of life and social well-being in middle-aged retirees.

The present study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of all middle-aged retirees who are members of the Education Retirees Association and the Khorasan Razavi Social Security Retired Workers Association. A sample of 382 people was selected from the study population. Research data were collected using questionnaires of social well-being, meaning of life and psychological capital. SPSS and Lisrel software were used to analyze and obtain descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and path analysis.

The findings of the study indicated that the meaning of life directly affects social well-being. Also, the meaning of life indirectly by mediating hope and optimism affects the social well-being of retired middle-aged people.

According to the findings of the study, the meaning of life, hope, and optimism as positive psychological strengths playing role in increasing the social well-being of retired middle-aged people. Results of the study help to identify the factors which play role in increasing social well-being and the results can be useful in increasing the social well-being of this group of people.

Objectives:

 Problematic pornography use (PPU) is one of the emerging clinical concerns that can negative affect individual performance. Therefore, it is necessary to use emerging behavioral and technological treatments. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in reducing craving and PPU in young men.

Methods :

This is a clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test/follow-up design. The study population consists of all men aged 18-24 years referred to the counseling clinic of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran in 2022 with diagnosed PPU. Of these, 9 were selected purposefully based on the entry criteria. They were placed in three groups of ACT, tDCS, and ACT±tDCS, using the computerized random number generator in SAS software, version 9.4 and the sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes (SNOSE) to preserve random allocation concealment. The data were analyzed based on visual analysis, percentage of non-overlapping data index, and mean percentage reduction (MPR).

Results:

 The ACT led to a decrease in craving (MPR=26.2% with an effect size of 0.63) and PPU (MPR=27.05% with an effect size of 0.62). Also, tDCS led to a decrease in craving (MPR=22.7% with an effect size of 0.56) and PPU (MPR=21.2% with an effect size of 0.53). The combined treatment (ACT±tDCS) led to a decrease in craving (MPR=33.4% with an effect size of 0.72) and PPU (MPR=29.3% with an effect size of 0.67). The effects in all groups were significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

 The combination of ACT and tDCS can lead to a more significant reduction in craving and PPU in young men than ACT and tDCS alone. ACT is more effective than tDCS in reducing craving and PPU.

Today, premarital relationships and their meaning for young people on the verge of marriage significantly differ from previous generations. In the meantime, considering the sensitivity of the role of girls in the family and society, it seems necessary to understand their understanding of premarital relationships over time and in two generations. Therefore, the current research aimed to identify the knowledge of female students and their mothers about premarital relationships.

This is an applied and qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The study sample included 17 female Ferdowsi University of Mashhad students and their mothers, who were selected purposefully. A semi-structured interview was conducted with the participants. In order to analyze the data, the phenomenological method and MAXQDA software was used.

In this study, five main themes were identified, including 1. love in premarital relationships, 2. requirements of a healthy premarital relationship, 3. advantages of premarital relationship, 4. disadvantages of premarital relationship, and 5. premarital relationship management strategies.

The daughter's view of premarital relationships seems more based on emotions, and the mother's view is based on logic and realism; this difference was noticeable in the reported sub-themes. However, both emphasize the necessity of family supervision and marriage counseling.

There is almost no accurate information about the causes of body dysmorphic disorder. Many patients with body dysmorphic disorder who apply for plastic surgery show a negative response to these treatments and sometimes the symptoms get worse. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the causes of body dysmorphic disorder in women.

The present research was a qualitative study with a content analysis type. Variables and categories were obtained by interviewing 15 experts and eight people with body dysmorphic disorder and reviewing 71 articles. Also, to diagnose body dysmorphic disorder, Yale Brown’s Practical Obsession Questionnaire was used in addition to the interviews. The sampling method in this research was purposive sampling. Data analysis was done in three stages: open, central, and selective coding. The validity of the components was checked by calculating the content analysis index.

In the research, before the interview, written consent was received regarding the specificity and confidentiality of the research (Code: IR.UM.REC.1401.105).

The influential factors in body dysmorphic disorder were: a. Cultural and social factors b. Psychological factors, and c. Biological factors.

According to the obtained results, several factors play a role in the occurrence of body dysmorphic disorder, and their identification in different environments, cultures, and societies provides the possibility of developing preventive measures, and designing and developing a suitable treatment model. However, to increase the external validity of the research, it is suggested to conduct similar research in other societies.

Quality of life is one of the basic areas that are of fundamental and undeniable importance in the process of human growth and development. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the predictive role of contextual factors (psychological flexibility, acceptance, and self-compassion) in the quality of life of migraine patients.

The current research was fundamental in terms of its purpose and correlational (regression) in terms of descriptive method. The statistical population included all patients with migraines who were referred to neurology clinics in Mashhad in the second half of 1401. The sample size of the research was considered to be 222 people using JPower software, who were diagnosed with migraine based on the diagnosis of a neurologist in Qaim and Farabi Hospital, using an available sampling method. The questionnaires were completed. Data were collected through the questionnaires of health context (SF-36), acceptance of chronic pain (P-CPAQ), self-compassion (short form) (SCS), and acceptance and action (AAQ-II). Then the data was analyzed using spss26 software and multiple regression method.

The results of multiple regression showed that tissue factors were able to predict the quality of life of people with migraine (p < 0.05). The coefficient of determination was 0.14, which indicates that psychological flexibility, acceptance, and self-compassion can explain 14% of the changes in the quality of life of people with migraine. Also, the results of the standardized regression coefficients showed that involvement in activity, tendency to pain, and psychological flexibility in a positive way and extreme identification in a negative way were significantly able to predict the quality of life of migraine patients, but the rest of the components were able to predict the quality The lives of patients with migraine were not.

Based on the results of the research, the high acceptance of pain and psychological flexibility in migraine patients can lead to an increase in their quality of life.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of self-knowledge education with Sadra's approach on increasing spiritual intelligence.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group design. The statistical population includes the female students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. From this population, 40 students were selected using convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. The experimental group received six sessions of self-knowledge education with the Sadrai approach, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The Sohrabi and Naseri's spiritual intelligence questionnaire was used to collect data at two stages of pre and post test.  The data were analized using ANCOVA and MANCOVA methods by SPSS-19 software.

The results showed significant difference between the experimental group and control group in the variable of study indicating that self-knowledge education with Sadra's approach led to the promotion of spiritual intelligence of female students of Ferdowsi University.

There is almost no accurate information about the causes of body dysmorphic disorder. Many patients with body dysmorphic disorder who apply for plastic surgery show a negative response to these treatments and sometimes the symptoms get worse. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the causes of body dysmorphic disorder in women.

The present research was a qualitative study with a content analysis type. Variables and categories were obtained by interviewing 15 experts and eight people with body dysmorphic disorder and reviewing 71 articles. Also, to diagnose body dysmorphic disorder, Yale Brown’s Practical Obsession Questionnaire was used in addition to the interviews. The sampling method in this research was purposive sampling. Data analysis was done in three stages: open, central, and selective coding. The validity of the components was checked by calculating the content analysis index.

In the research, before the interview, written consent was received regarding the specificity and confidentiality of the research (Code: IR.UM.REC.1401.105).

The influential factors in body dysmorphic disorder were: a. Cultural and social factors b. Psychological factors, and c. Biological factors.

According to the obtained results, several factors play a role in the occurrence of body dysmorphic disorder, and their identification in different environments, cultures, and societies provides the possibility of developing preventive measures, and designing and developing a suitable treatment model. However, to increase the external validity of the research, it is suggested to conduct similar research in other societies.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social interactions and communication along with repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. It is a chronic and debilitating psychiatric condition of children with cognitive impairment. One of the damaged areas in these children is executive functions, a topic of great interest for investigation in autism. The psychological components of executive functions include attention, memory, and response inhibition problems. Technological interventions show remarkable results in improving social communication skills in children with ASD. Therefore, developing and implementing new interventions focusing on cognitive functions can be helpful. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of human–robot interaction on executive functions (working memory, sustained attention, and response inhibition) in people with ASD.

The research method was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest design and a control group. The study's statistical population comprised all children aged 6 to 10 years referred to counseling and psychology clinics in Mashhad City, Iran, diagnosed with ASD in 2017. The study sample included 32 children selected through available sampling and were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The inclusion criteria were as follows: having a diagnosis of ASD, not participating in other treatment programs at the same time, not receiving individual counseling or using psychiatric drugs, living with their parents, providing written consent form of parents, and willingness of children to cooperate and participate in the intervention. The exclusion criteria were as follows: not attending more than two training sessions and suffering from a physical or mental illness that occurred during the sessions. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–5 Disorders: Clinician Version (First, 2015) and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (Schopler et al., 1980) were used to select the sample group. The study data were gathered via a Computerized N–Back Task (Jaeggi et al., 2010) and the Integrated Visual and Auditory (IVA) test (Arble et al., 2014). In the intervention group, human–robotic interaction group training was conducted in twelve 60–minute sessions, three times a week. However, the control group did not receive any intervention. Descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance and the independent t test) were used at a significance level of 0.05 in SPSS version 21 software to describe and analyze the data.

Findings showed that after removing the effect of the pretest, there was a significant difference between the average posttest scores of the experimental group and the control group in the variables of execution speed (p<0.001), sustained visual attention (p<0.001), and visual response inhibition (p<0.001). Also, based on the effect size, 68%, 50%, and 31% of the variable score changes were respectively due to human–robotic interaction intervention.

Based on the findings of this study, human–robotic interaction intervention effectively improves the executive functions of children with ASD. Therefore, this method and other existing interventions can be useful and effective.

Man has always sought to find the answer to the question, who am I? Man, as the supreme creation of God, is a multifaceted being whose neglect of any of these existential dimensions endangers a large part of the individual's humanity and mental health. Many scientists, philosophers, and psychologists have approached the subject of self-knowledge from different perspectives. The purpose of this study is to study self-knowledge from the point of view of Mulla Sadra, who is one of the Iranian experts in this field. The method of this research is library and analytical-inferential. The present study examined the four main components of self-knowledge in Mulla Sadra's approach. These principles include the single soul and its characteristics, the relationship between the soul and the body, self-knowledge in humans and the unity of the soul. Studied self-awareness, religious beliefs and practices, the experience of heightened consciousness, and transcendence. Self-knowledge from Sadr al-Muta'allehin's point of view can be related to many psychological components such as self-awareness, religious beliefs and practices, heightened awareness and excellence.

One of the most important elements for any person is his general health.Young people with less anxiety and less rumination will have better general health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine The effectiveness of Unified Transdiagnostic Treatment in anxiety,rumination and general health among children of Martyrs and Sacrifice. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with an intervention and control group. The statistical population of the study was all children of Martyrs and Sacrifice of the holy city of Mashhad, 9 client were selected in each group. Measurement tools included a general health questionnaire(GHQ), rumination response style(RRS), and Hamilton anxiety(HA). The intervention group of Unified Transdiagnostic Treatment for 12 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. After the treatment, post-test and follow up after three months was performed. The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that integrated meta-diagnostic treatment had a significant effect on anxiety, rumination and general health. Unified Transdiagnostic Treatment is effective in anxiety, rumination and the general health of children.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching the positive thinking based on belief to good on life satisfaction and hope of infertile women. In this quasi-experimental research with pre-test post-test design with control group, 30 infertile women who referred to infertility clinics in Mashhad in 1398, were selected by available sampling method and divided into experiments and control groups (each group 15 people). The research tools include the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) and Snyder's Hope Scale. Teaching the positive thinking based on belief to good sessions were conducted in eight sessions for the experimental group. Questionnaires were completed before and after training in both groups. In order to evaluate the duration of the training, one month after the training, both groups were tested again. The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that life satisfaction and hope in the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group (p <0.01), and these results continued up to one month after the intervention. Therefore, positive thinking based on belief to good training is an effective way to increase life satisfaction and hope in infertile women.

The aim of this study is to predict the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms based on traumatic childhood experiences through the mediating role of shame. The general design of the present study is the descriptive correlation of structural equations. The statistical population of this study is adults, aged 18 to 50 -who are living in Mashhad in 1400 - they have proper access to the Internet. Among them, 340 people were selected as a sample by the available method. Data were collected using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Scale (Y-BOCS-1989), the traumatic childhood experiences of Bernstein et al. CTQ-2003), and Cook's Internalized Shame (ISS-1993). Data analysis is performed using the structural equation modeling method using SPSS software version 26 and AMOS version 24. Findings showed that there is a significant correlation between childhood traumatic experiences and shame with the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (P <0.01). Also, the results of structural equation modeling showed that the model of the present study has an acceptable fitness and the mediating role of shame in the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (χ2/df ≤ 3) and significance level 0.001) was significant. Based on the findings of this study, traumatic childhood experiences are able to predict and affect the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms through interaction with shame.

Due to the high prevalence of personality disorders and the change of personality disorder classification model in DSM-5, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of pathological (morbid) personality traits, early maladaptive schemas and emotional schemas in predicting B-Cluster personality disorders. This is a descriptive correlational study. The sample is 359 (230 females and 129 males) who were selected in access from the age range of 18-50 years in Mashhad. The research instruments were Personality Disorder Questionnaire (PDQ-4), DSM-5 Personality Questionnaire (PID-5), Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ) and Lay Emotional Schema Scale (LESS). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis. The findings of this study showed that the variables of comprehensibility, disinhibition, consensus, antagonism, impaired limits and psychoticism are significantly capable of predicting antisocial personality disorder and the variables of comprehensibility, control, disinhibition, negative affectivity, rumination, numbness, simplistic view of emotion, blame and duration have significant predictive power of borderline personality disorder and variables of antagonism, guilt, blame, psychoticism, higher values and consensus significantly predict the narcissist personality disorder and variables of consensus, disinhibition, antagonism, negative affectivity, other-directedness, over-vigilance and detachment significantly predict the histrionic personality disorder. It can be concluded that morbid personality traits, early maladaptive schemas, and emotional schemas play a significant role in predicting personality disorders of cluster “B”.

Infertility is one of the most common human problems that causes many psychological disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy based on optimism on happiness and well-being of infertile women.

The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of this study included infertile women referred to infertility clinics in Mashhad in 1399. 26 people were selected by voluntary sampling method and randomly divided into experimental (N = 13) and control (N = 13) groups. The research instruments include the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and the well-being Questionnaire. Questionnaires were completed before and after the intervention and after one month of follow-up. The data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test.

The results showed that happiness (p <0.01) and well-being (p <0.01) of the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group, and these results continued until one month after the intervention (p <0.01).

Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that positive optimism-based psychotherapy has a positive and significant effect on the happiness and well-being of infertile women and can be used to increase the happiness and well-being of infertile women in infertility diagnosis and treatment centers.

Infertility is one of the most common human problems that causes many psychological disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy based on optimism on happiness and well-being of infertile women. The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of this study included infertile women referred to infertility clinics in Mashhad in 1399. 26 people were selected by voluntary sampling method and randomly divided into experimental (N = 13) and control (N = 13) groups. The research instruments include the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and the well-being Questionnaire. Questionnaires were completed before and after the intervention and after one month of follow-up. The data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test. The results showed that happiness (p <0.01) and well-being (p <0.01) of the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group, and these results continued until one month after the intervention (p <0.01). Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that positive optimism-based psychotherapy has a positive and significant effect on the happiness and well-being of infertile women and can be used to increase the happiness and well-being of infertile women in infertility diagnosis and treatment centers.

The large body of research, from theorizing to empirical findings, suggests that positive cognitive Re-evaluation of trauma may further support positive post-traumatic outcomes by enhancing post-traumatic growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect role coping strategies, core beliefs disruption, social support, spirituality, religious cope and intrusive rumination with PTG and also examining the mediating role of positive re-evaluation and rumination were within the framework of a causal model.

The present study was a cross-sectional study that was done using causal modeling methods that included path analysis and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all cancer patients who referred to Omid Oncology Hospital and Imam Reza Oncology Ward in Mashhad in 1398. Sampling method was available. 420 patients with cancer answered the questionnaires used in this study. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 version and PLS software (version2).

The findings generally showed that positive Re-evaluation mediated between post-traumatic growth and social support variables, presence and search for meaning, positive religious cope, negative religious cope, deliberate rumination, and core beliefs disruption. Deliberate rumination was also a mediator between growth and core beliefs disruption and automatic rumination. On the other hand, social support, presence and search for meaning, core beliefs disruption and deliberate rumination, problem-based and emotion-based coping methods had a direct and positive effect, and intrusive rumination and self-distraction coping had a direct and negative effect on growth.

The results of the present study showed that in addition to confirming the direct paths of coping, social support, spirituality, deliberate rumination, core beliefs disruption in growth, positive re-evaluation of one of the explanatory passages of social support paths, religious cope, spirituality, intrusive rumination, core beliefs disruption It was about post-traumatic growth.

"Self-compassion" or self-compassion is a fundamental moral virtue in the field of self-relationship that has been considered by positivist psychology in the last two decades and has produced numerous works in its theoretical and practical aspects. On the other hand, the Holy Quran has many verses related to the creation and promotion of this virtue that has not been extracted so far and can be considered as a big step in the development and deepening of existing educational studies. Psychologists have developed therapeutic approaches and special training programs for self-compassion; However, the Quranic educational program can be searched in three areas: cognition, emotion and behavior. The aim of this research is to extract its cognitive solutions as the first layer of the Quranic educational system by analytical method and thematic interpretation. By examining verses with self-contained content, ten cognitive training strategies were obtained, which are: monotheism in lordship and help, verse attitude, rationalism, foresight, understanding the laws of existence, recognizing limitations, believing in valuation, recognizing obstacles and believing in the universality of suffering. . These cognitive strategies are more comprehensive, complete, and reassuring than existing psychological approaches.

Failure, hardship and misery are the inevitable necessities of the world; The promise of God Almighty on the endurance of human suffering and the uninterrupted continuation of divine trials and afflictions in the world is proof of this claim. Undoubtedly, the Holy Quran has comprehensive versions in order to face these problems in a healthy and efficient way. Studies that have recently addressed this issue from a psychological perspective have emphasized a fundamental characteristic called "self-compassion" or "self-compassion" and considered it as the basis of many individual skills, self-esteem, happiness, and so on. This research has followed the components of self-compassion in one of the critical periods of the Islamic Ummah in the era of the presence of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) ie the battle of Uhud, and has achieved the content expansion of this virtue based on the Qur'an. In the category of kindness to oneself; To the concepts of criticizing and denying the reproachers, emphasizing the existence of a kind and consoling resource; In the category of common humanity; The generality of the law of death and the historical repetition of calamity for believers and in relation to mindfulness; Analysis of the contexts of failure, motivation to overcome failure, providing solutions and gaining from failure and specifying the consequences of wrong choices, have been found to be the most important content concepts of the verses of Uhud War.

Female-headed households make up a significant portion of society, and numerous studies show that women in this group have lower levels of mental health than other women. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of well-being group therapy on psychological well-being, cognitive emotion regulation, worry, and resilience of female-headed households. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all female-headed households in Shirvan with the age range of 20 to 49 years. The sample consisted of 30 individuals who were selected by purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The intervention was group-based, with only 8 weekly well-being therapy and treatment sessions for the experimental group. The research instruments comprised: Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire, The Pennsylvania Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), cognitive emotion regulation of Garnesky, and Ryff psychological well-being scale. Then, with using SPSS software, an analysis of covariance was performed. The results of the analysis of covariance showed that therapeutic well-being has increased resilience, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, psychological well-being, and reducing the concern of the experiment Group. However, there is no significant reduction in cognitive emotion regulation strategies

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and antisocial and borderline personality disorder mediated by morbid hostility and negative emotion. This research is a descriptive and path analysis that a statistical sample of 359 people (230 females and 129 males), which was available in the range of 18 to 50 years old in the city of Mashhad was selected. The research instruments included Youngchr('39')s Early maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (1990), Bagby and Farolden Personality Disorders (2007), and the DSM-5 Personnel Questionnaire based on Garger et al. (2012). The results of the path analysis showed that the model has a good fit. Gamma pathway coefficients (g) including schemas of abandonment, worry, self-punishment, and distrust of the negative emotion variable were significant (P <0.05). Gamma pathway coefficients also include schemas of concern, deficiency, self-sacrifice, superiority, and self-control to the variable of pathological hostility. Finally, beta (β) pathway coefficients of negative emotion to antisocial personality disorder and hostility to antisocial personality became significant. Also, the path coefficient of pathological hostility to pathological personality was significant. Therefore, it can be concluded that early maladaptive schemas, mediated by negative emotion and pathological hostility, are able to predict borderline and antisocial personality disorder.

Infertility is one of the most common human problems that its prevalence is more in developing countries, especially Iran. Infertility affects the physical, mental and social health of individuals. Infertility affects not only physical but also mental and social health of individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy Based on Belief to Good on mental health and marital quality of infertile women. The present study is a quasi-experimental research with a pre and posttest and follow-up plan in terms of practical purpose and method, which is accompanied by a control group. The statistical population of this study included all infertile women referred to Samen Medicine Clinic, who were selected by convenience sampling method. In this study, 30 infertile women were selected voluntarily and divided into two experimental (N=15) and control groups (N=15). The research instruments include the Positive Psychotherapy Based on Belief to Good protocol, Goldberg Mental Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Busby et al Marital Quality Scale (RDAS). Questionnaires were completed before and after the intervention and also one month after the end of treatment. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-26 and repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed that mental health and marital quality increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. Therefore, it seems that Positive Psychotherapy Based on Belief to Good has a positive effect on mental health and marital quality of infertile women.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of cognitive emotion regulation and mother-child relationship variables in the prediction of psychological well-being of mothers with intellectual disabled children. This is a descriptive and correlational study. The statistical population of this study consisted of all mothers with intellectual disabled children whose children were educated in Mashhad during (2019-2020) academic year under the exceptional primary education of Mashhad. 150 mothers were selected by accessible sampling method and completed Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-being (RSPWB), Cognitive emotion regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and Parent-child relationship scale (PCRS) to determine the contribution of each of the variables. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Data were analyzed by SPSS-23 software. According to the findings, there was a significant positive correlation between psychological well-being and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy and conversely, there was a significant negative correlation between psychological well-being and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy. There was also a significant positive correlation between positive parent-child relationship and psychological well-being. The pattern of results indicated that adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy and positive parent-child relationship have the ability to predict the psychological well-being of mothers with intellectual disabled children.