خدابخش اسداللهی

Myth, despite its antiquity, is a living and present phenomenon that observes human behavior and thoughts. Although all poets use myths in their poetry, only some of them, including Shafii Kodkani, have a mythological insight. He is not only familiar with the myths of Iran, Islam, mysticism and the world; Rather, he is also aware of its effectiveness in deepening the poem. In this article, some of the myths of the (2nd millennium mountain deer) have been introduced, as they give identity to humans. Shafi'i with the implicit acceptance of myths that are the cause of the formation of Iranian-Islamic identity. It has more emphasis on Iranian identity, which is a means of self-discovery and standing against Western civilization. The data of this research has been collected using the library method and described using the qualitative method. The purpose of the authors is to represent Shafi'i's way of mythologizing to give identity to humans. The results of the research show that Shafii helps the audience to get rid of identitylessness by using his mythological insight and his great knowledge of myths.

Nayyers mystical view and epic expression regarding the great incident of Karbala, as well as the sad narrative of AhleBeyt (a.s.) have made her brilliant verses among Ashurai works. Her Ashura poems, which have drawn passages from epics, ideals, mysticism and Ashura's elegies with artistic expression, have a great influence. In the words of Oman Samani, there are subtle points of love and mysticism and epic in an artistic and warm way, the expression of mystical mysteries and subtleties of the Karbala incident, secrets of the manifestation of love and beauty, the worship of the lover and the passions of the beloved, the way of being and the state of ecstasy, passion , parting from and reaching the beloved is planned. She has organized the events of Ashura with a mystical approach and an allegorical and mystical language in the famous masnavi of Ganjina al-Asrar. In her poem, she only looks at the incident of Karbala from an epistemological point of view, and she uses the elaborate method in expressing its secrets.

The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and library-style. The area and society under study is Ganjinatol Asrar Omman Samani and Atashkad Nayyer Tabrizi.​ Mystics consider man to be the secret of creation and the end and fruit of existence. In their view, a perfect human being is a mirror of the manifestation and manifestation of God's names and attributes, by knowing them one can achieve a deeper knowledge of God. And she asked God from the mirror of her existence and innocent hearts. On this basis, it is necessary for a human lover to arise and drink the wine of divine love to guarantee the continuity of life. God sees his cup of love full, calls out once again and calls the best lovers. Therefore, the cup of love, which was previously in the shaky hands of man, was drunk by the most perfect and intoxicated lovers of the children of Adam.

Omman deals with topics such as reason and love, love and its attributes, the discussion of the true lover and its attractions, as well as the connection and chastity of the lover and her desire, etc. In Nayyer’s poems, especially in the Masnavi, Atashkade is depicted. Omman Samani and Nayyer Tabrizi should be considered as full-fledged poets who quench their long-lasting thirst with the beauty of God's values ​​and express their spiritual observations artistically in silence and intuition with their continuous journey through knowledge. In their poems, both mystic poets report the movement of the caravan of love on the mystical path and show the bloody scenes of sacrifice and honest love and flight to the "place of annihilation" which is the ultimate journey of the seeker of God, moment by moment. Both have an epic and mystical view to the Ashura event and The mystic concentration in Ommans Ganjinato Alasrar is more than Nayyers Atashkade.

Human perfection and happiness have always been mentioned as the ultimate goal in Islamic mystical texts; Al-Tayir Attar"s logic, one of the outstanding works of mysticism, in the form of an allegorical journey, presents a specific pattern of behavior for man to achieve happiness; On the other hand, positive psychology, by emphasizing the cultivation of moral virtues such as humility, kindness, self-control, seeks to create lasting satisfaction in life; The purpose of this research is to apply the characteristics of positivist psychology in Attar"s logic based on Martin Seligman"s model in order to prove the aspects of positive thinking in Attar"s mind and mystical language.

The current research is done in an analytical and descriptive way and based on library sources, the statistical community is al-Tayr Attar region and the statistical sample of verses related to the allegorical story of birds and Simorgh.

The current research shows that all six clusters of wisdom, courage, moderation, social activities, love and excellence in Seligman"s theory have specific examples in the logic of Altair Attar; Traveling in Altair region is like a process that seeks self-acceptance and self-awareness; It causes positive thinking; Group action of birds, critical thinking and freedom of action are manifestations of positive social thinking in al-Tayr region; Also, the connection of thirty chickens with Simorgh is a manifestation of the concept of excellence in this system, which has a significant affinity with the ultimate goal in Seligman"s positivist theory.

The result of this research shows that before the Western theorists in the last century addressed the importance of moral virtues, spirituality and faith in the development of the human psyche, Islamic mysticism in the past centuries comprehensively and completely addressed this category in the form of works such as Logical Al-Tayr. Is; Therefore, the theory of positive thinking has an Iranian-Islamic background; In the psychological layers of the text, al-Tir Attar"s logic includes prominent elements of positive thinking and by emphasizing the potential capabilities of man, it provides the ideal norm for the advancement of human kind.

Today, literature and poetry have a more comprehensive definition than mere literary expression with academic meanings and tools. Literature is the collection of all the scientific abilities of the language in the field of structure and richness. The artistic creativity of the poet and the employment of excellent compositions and themes lead to the production of a literary and artistic work, which can be found in the excitement and expansion of the audience.
The aim of this research is to reach the communication network of all the factors related to the language and the appearance of the word, which not only carries the meaning, but also creates a different meaning and concept from the apparent meaning that results from the phonetic, lexical or visual mechanism.
A network that is referred to as "artwork". Artistic device (prime) is a meta-array approach to the aesthetic tools of language in poetry, which formalists consider to be the art of alienating language from the mind of the audience.

The foundation of art is original elements, themes, hidden images and the music of words, which leads to poetic discovery in the form of meaning. Vocabulary highlights and defamiliarizations that remove the dust of habit from words and combinations and create a lasting artistic-literary work. Ghazals of Iraqi style, especially Diwan Shams, Saadi and Hafez, are precious works which by formalistic analysis and examination, convincing and solid evidences are found in them. 

Usually, aesthetic issues in poetry are measured with literary arrays, but the formalist theory has opened a new way in literary criticism, which instead of separating word and meaning, emphasizes the union of the two in the form of shape. In this regard, the following questions are answered:
How can the works of art in Molavi's, Saadi's and Hafez's ghazals be interpreted?
What do the topics of "dominant aspect", "surprising", "defamiliarization" and "foregrounding" have to do with the art-making component? 

By studying a library of reliable sources and extracting comprehensive evidence from relevant poems based on formalistic criticism, the author has analyzed poetic examples and considered the prominent role of words and phrases in the association of meaning.

In this research, the prominent role of language in terms of words and combinations, systematic images and the music of words has been investigated by presenting various art forms and norm deviations and the involvement of rhetorical sciences.

Literary and artistic creations depend on the highlighting of words, combinations and aesthetic themes with the organized confusion of ordinary speech, which elevates poetry to the level of "artwork". In this regard, the poet is not satisfied with mere arrays, he paints with words and plays music. With phonetic, rhetorical, visual and auditory works of art, it avoids habit, defamiliarizes and breaks norms. His arrays are no longer trivial and repetitive. By composing multifaceted verses, he makes a new innovation. For example, Molvi reaches his dominant form in music by using sounds, nationalities, repetition, self-made lines and incomprehensible words along with Etanin and Afa'il and Orad Khanghahi.
With his simple and noble language, Saadi weaves all kinds of arrays together in the form of a spider's web in the sonnet, and Hafez uses all the elements and tools of poetry in terms of language, meaning and music to be able to use arrays.

The mythological circle in the countries of the world has been introduced in such a way that it reflects the mother as a creative element. In the earlier myths, it is clear that the powers are higher than women, but with the role of men in society, compared to women, the mythological circle has slowly changed and turned to the male element, which is a factor in the poems of poets. Ancient times have also emerged. But beyond the ancient times, the same can be seen in the poetry of poets of later periods. The poet studied in this article is Naser Khosrow.

In this article, using descriptive-analytical method, Nasser Khosrow's poems are evaluated and compared with the myths of Iran, Greece, Egypt and India, in which the power of the female is masculine, in order to study the etymology of these verses in It should be discussed among the myths of other countries and it should be revealed how such beliefs are manifested among the myths of the other four countries.

Using the research that was done, evidence was extracted from the poems of Naser Khosrow, which indicates the reflection of very ancient myths in world mythology. These verses show that in the divan of Naser Khosrow, as one of the few poets of Persian literature, a very old belief that existed among the forgotten civilizations is reflected,

By conducting this research, it was revealed that Naser Khosrow has made speeches in his poetry collection that from the mythological point of view,

Iraj Mirza, born in 1253 is one of the most successful satirical poets of the constitutional period, and he was given the title of "Saadi No". One of the most important reasons for the success of his satires is the use of a wide range of methods and mechanisms for creating humor in the structure of his poems. Iraj Mirza's poems are mostly taken from social realities, in which he reflects on social issues with a critical and sharp point of view. The current research aims to study and analyze the methods of satire in this poet's poems by using the library study method and in a descriptive-analytical way. The results of the studies show that Iraj Mirza uses various methods and methods to express his humor and make it more effective on the audience, and the secret of the success of his humor lies in the use of these methods. Among the most important of these tricks, we can mention miniaturization, likening to animals, cursing, destroying symbols, criticizing oneself, debating, breaking religious taboos, irony and humorous lines. As a result, the humor techniques used by Iraj Mirza have a significant effect in presenting the intended concepts.

Bashakardi is a common dialect in the southern of Kerman province and eastern Hormozgan which includes the towns: South Rudbar, Anbarabad, Kahnouj, Manojan, Qaleganj, Fareyab, Minab, Senderk, Hashtbandi, Bashakard and Marz. Beshkardi dialect is one of the vernaculars belonging to the group of southwestern Iranian languages and dialects. Although in terms of taxonomy, Bashkardian dialect and Persian language are in the same group, but, mutual understanding between their speakers is not possible. The subject of this article is the investigation of the verb structure in "Bashkardi dialect", and its purpose is to know its phonetic and morphological features. The author tried to give a short but accurate description of this dialect by expressing the important features of it, especially compared to standard Persian, and representing the similarities and differences of the verb system in this dialect with standard Farsi. Based on the findings of this research, the most obvious characteristic of this dialect, in terms of grammar, is the use of ergative construction in the past tense of transitive verbs.

discovering meanings and representation is fruitful and accurate. Accordingly, the study of semantic relations is one of the main components of semantics in showing linguistic and semantic techniques, the theoretical basis of the present study in the study of Hafez's Divan has been considered as the body under study. In the present study, which uses a descriptive-analytical method, the aim was to explain and analyze how the semantic relations of words, their frequency and their effect on the coherence of the text and the circulation around the core. The result of this research shows that his poems are used to teach language to Persian language learners due to the high frequency of various semantic relations and the element of repetition at the lexical, phrase and sentence level, and this feature is seen in it. Also, the existence of semantic relations of words in the vertical axis of each sonnet indicates the textual coherence in the studied sonnets. According to the analysis of various semantic relationships, which is another feature of this study, the frequency of the polysemous component, which due to its inclusion in the literary industry, seemed to be more applicable, is lower than expected.

The school of surrealism, one of the greatest literary schools in the world in the 20th century, tries to recreate reality by giving originality to dreams and imagination; The present study examines the hypothesis of Forough Farrokhzad's use of the elements of the surrealism school in the poem "Let's believe in the beginning of the cold season" and seeks to answer the question that the descriptive compositions in the poem "Let's believe in the beginning of the cold season" are compatible and related to surrealism. has it,For this purpose, first, using the content analysis method, the descriptive compounds used in this poem were extracted and classified based on the components of the school of surrealism. Then, by presenting a surrealist interpretation, it became clear that the language of Forough's poetry was affected by the characteristics of surrealism: 1- unreal things, 2- love, 3- idealistic point, 4- black humor, 5- death thoughts, 6- invalidity of dimensions. Also, the analysis of the frequency of each of the mentioned components by the statistical analysis software revealed that more than 90% of the images in the poem "Let's believe in the beginning of the cold season" have a surrealistic basis. In the meantime, thinking about death has the most frequency and paying attention to love and disrupting the real dimensions have the least frequency.

The aim of the current research was to examine the women characteristics in the “Fire without Smoke” novel with emphasis on the humanistic psychology theories. The statistical universe encased all the “Fire without Smoke” novel text. The sample of the research enfolded the women characteristics in the mentioned novel. the research method was analytical-descriptive. And the two models of Frankel's logo-therapy and Rogers' fully functioning were utilized to psychologically examine the women characteristics in the “Fire Without Smoke” novel. The data were gathered via library method. The findings of the research showed that women played roles, in the form of different characters such as wife, mother, doctor, university professor, and writer in the novel “Fire Without Smoke”, and they had a significant impact on the culture of society during the Pahlavi era. The will to freedom and challenging the banal dominating culture were the distinct women characteristics in the novel that were manifested in cases such as literacy teaching- learning, the right to choose in marriage, equality and equality with men had appeared. The culture that governed the lives of women in the “Fire Without Smoke” novel had been formed in a bed of suffering. The personality traits such as the achievement motive and to overcome social limitations, love and excellence were the prominent manifestations of the resistance culture in the lives of the suffering women of this novel. It could be concluded that the women in the “Fire Without Smoke” novel were influential in the formation of their character and destiny, family and society, and they were one of the important foundations of the cultural developments mentioned in this novel.

Gerard Genette, one of the prominent scholars, relates the intertextuality of each text with its predecessors and in the theory of over-texture, the relation between any texts has been raised with its prefaced text. During the mystical period the discussion of mystics has been remarkable with similar views and the structure of mystical tokens such as Safvat-al-Safa and the Asrar-al-Tawhid based on certain thoughts and speeches of mysticism. This study aims at enlightening the mystical aspects of the eighth century it is argued that the Qaramate and the ideas of Sheikh Safi according to the viewpoint and Qaramate of Abu Sa'id Abu- al-Khair in terms of the theory of genes. As a result of this research, intertextual orientation of Safvat al-Safa is welcomed in the wake of Abu Sa'id Abu- al-Khair thoughts in Asrar-al-Tawhid. The similarity of the themes of Safvat al-Safa with the wisdom of Qaramati like Tey-al-arz, Farasat, Death issues, people̕ s rescues and the like and the moral and educational concepts such as Self-education, Covering, and other issues of the intertextual relationship between these two works is confirmed.

"Fire Without Smoke" is a political-social novel by Nader Ebrahimi. This novel, in seven volumes and more than two thousand pages, corresponds to the social events of the years of writing the book. (Ebrahimi, 2013: 3).  The psychological analysis of the novel provides the literary critic with the tools needed to discover the intellectual and psychological aspects governing the layers of the text and makes it possible to analyze the behavioral actions in the novel; As "the best interpretations about leadingliterary works have a psychological aspect" (Shamisa, 2006: 251).In this research, humanistic theories (Maslow, Frankel) have been used for the psychological criticism of the "Fire without Smoke Novel". Humanism is a psychological approach that emphasizes the free will and conscious mind of man (Maddy, 1996: 95) and is a reaction to the school of psychoanalysis that considered man to be affected by unconscious complexes. Humanists believed that man has the right to freedom and self-awareness and rejected the unquestionable influence of environmental factors on the formation of human personality. (Bruno, 1991: 158).The purpose of this research is to determine the degree of adaptation of humanistic psychology components in the creation of the novel "Fire Without Smoke" and seeks to answer these questions:- To what extent does this novel correspond to the perspective of humanistic psychology? What is the frequency of the components of humanistic psychology in the discourse in the novel? What is the relationship between the social-political themes in the novel Fire without Smoke and the intellectual system of humanism?

This research is based on qualitative analysis and library studies. According to this method, the discourse in the seven volumes of the novel "Fire without Smoke" has been extracted and classified based on psychological components and then analyzed.

Discuss:

Paying for the basic living needs, especially water and bread (Ebrahimi, 2009: 1/201) corresponds to the first layer of Maslow's pyramid. Continuous wars - which threaten human life and mental security in the novel (Ebrahimi, 2009: 3/418) - are related to the security layer in Maslow's pyramid. Love in the third layer of Maslow's pyramid is the most frequent theme in the fire without smoke (Ebrahimi, 2009: 5/104). According to Maslow's fourth layer, the main characters in the novel have a lot of self-esteemand respect (Ebrahimi, 2008: 22/2). In the final chapters, extensive cases of self-actualization can be seen as the upper layer of Maslow's pyramid (Ebrahimi, 2009: 7/10).The novel Fire without Smoke is full of sufferings that are mostly imposed on the characters of the novel due to two reasons (ethnic and tribal differences and the oppression of the central government) As if life in this novel happens in suffering. The psychological examination of the suffering in this novel based on Frankl's point of view shows that the heroes of the novel persevere against the sufferings of life by relying on love and hope (Ebrahimi, 2009: 5/298).

After analyzing the novel based on Maslow's pyramid, it was concluded that the first volume focuses most on biological needs, and the second volume, in accordance with the second  layer of pyramid, deals with safety needs, and the following volumes focus most on love, actions and emotions. They are social and self-actualization, and from this point of view, the hierarchy of human needs in the novel Fire Without Smoke shows a perfect match with Maslow's division of basic needs.Another result of this research is that, according to Viktor Frankl's theory of logotherapy, acceptance of suffering is one of the most frequent themes in all seven volumes of the novel "Fire Without Smoke", which plays an effective role in developing the character of the heroes of the novel and causes unity, strength and love.As a result, 1. The components of humanism can provide the basis for the creation of political-social texts; 2. Human freedom and power in creating victory is one of the main and common characteristics between humanist psychology and the "fire without smoke novel".

Paradoxically, is one of the tricks of language that makes Defamiliarization and prominence in the word. This literary trick is one of the issues that in contemporary Persian poetry especially in poetry of Akhavan has been studied less. Therefore, in this paper, Using content analysis, the factors of emergence of paradox and its species is studied in Akhavan's P oetry. Research findings show that paradoxy Pictures and interpretations in poetry, other than literary value, link with his thoughts closely. Akhavan, with the help of paradoxy language and images reveals Many political and social issues, etc, That may not state explicitly. He use both of paradox- interpretation and combination- to convey his desired meanings. However, the Interpretative paradox Have a special status (high frequency) in his poetry. Keywords: contemporary Persian poetry, Mehdi Akhavan Sales, paradox, political and social issues, romantic issues

Literary worksarewritten in a time and place that aredirectly related to previous works; therefore, thewritings of the texts before themarenot ineffective. In this study, with the aim of investigating the influence of Ferdows al-Murshediyeh from Tabari’s history and KhajehAbdollah Ansari’sinterpretation, a descriptive-comparative methodwasused. The results of this study showedthe extent to which Sheikh Abu IshaqKazerouni borrowed from ancient sources and mystical interpretations and added to the previous texts and thoughts in relation to the new materials and themes.Ferdows al-Murshediyeh's study showed that Tabari’s history and exegesis of KhajehAbdollah Ansari were among the study sources of Sheikh Abu IshaqKazerouni and his disciples. Ferdows al-Murshediyeh's comparative study of Tabari’s history is evidence of a direct influence without referring to this mystical work in the field of creation and caliphate of Adam (AS) adopted from Tabari’s discussions. Also, the Sheikh’s mystical exegesis on the verses indicated the existence of an indirect influence of KhajehAbdollah Ansari’sinterpretation on its themes. In addition, the other mystics’views werein continuation of the exegetical method of this book based on KhajehAbdollah Ansari, which hada direct influence on the levels of phrases and vocabulary in most cases as quotations without a reference in the text.

The existence of mystical-allegorical elements and concepts in the works of poetry and prose of the fifth to ninth centuries clearly shows itself. Rationalism is the main element of these writings that the author constantly confronts reason and love. In Suhrawardi's "Mones –Al- Oshshagh" treatise, love is the child of reason and reason is the first creation of God; And the intellect finds meaning through love. The theme and style similar to this allegorical story is also evident in the lyrical poem "Hosn -O- Del" by Fattahi Neyshabouri. In addition, the composition and vocabulary of Suhrawardi's treatise have also found their way into it. Our aim in this article is to study the stylistics of Mones –Al- Oshshagh Suhrawardi's treatise and the system of Hosn -O- Del Fattahi Neyshabouri through intertextuality with Gerard Genett's theory to the extent of the influence of Neyshabouri Fattahi's style on Suhrawardi and the use of innovative and rhetorical words. Get Suhrawardi in our system. The present research has been done analytically-descriptively using the library method. As a result, it has been pointed out that Fattahi, in terms of the mystical thought and style of the ninth century, has tried to use words that convey the burden of mystical meaning. Considering the lexical and compositional study of the poem "Hosn -O- Del" we see the profound influence of Suhrawardi's rhetorical style. From the perspective of intertextuality, Fattahi has followed Suhrawardi in explicit, implicit and implicit forms.

Akbar Exir is the pioneer of metamodern poetry, a movement that originated from Shamlou’s free verse , which has evolved in the continuation of the movements of contemporary poetry with a new approach. This poetic movement was influenced by the poetry of the seventies and after various developments in that period, with a humorous theme and content, it was introduced to the field of Persian literature in 2003. The use of selected words, proverbs and slang terms, the use of elements of climatic literature, rhythm and word play, the element of surprise and its humor with new concepts, are some of the components that Exir has in mind in the development of his poetic style. The features in his works and those of metamodern poets have been proposed as the frameworks of this poetic trend. In this article, we are trying to analyse the formal style and literary language in Akbar Exir’s poems. Language has a special place in the style of Exir’s poetry and is the main and practical context in its study. What is the place of language and literary style in the form of poetry? Does language affect form? And what is the interaction of language with other formal elements, namely imagination and music of poetry? These are among questions that we have addressed in this research and the obtained result shows that language in Exir’s poetry pays attention to both the structure of the poem and the content. Where the purpose is to convey meaning, it is content that overshadows form and language. The method of this research is library and direct study and our statistical community is Akbar Exir’s poems.

Spiritual, sacred, and religious matters are things that human beings always have to use metaphors to understand. It is the property of the human mind that it cannot recognize conceptual and abstract matters without the help of instances of physics. Today, the cognitive sciences, including cognitive linguistics, have analyzed many of the metaphors used in human language and have shown how human beings understand the affairs of existence. The purpose of this study is to examine the human -based metaphor of God, in order to show with a cognitive approach how God has been conceptualized in the minds of two poets of the Persian language, namely Sanaei and Attar. For this purpose, in the books of these two poets, all the verses have been extracted in which human deeds and attributes have been mentioned to God and each of them has been mentioned in the article. The results of this study show that in the minds of these two poets, God is common: the king, the beloved, the craftsman, the host, the butler and the warrior, and in addition, in the Sanaei mind, God is: hairdresser, builder, baker, writer, leader; and in Attar's mind, God is the hunter, the juggler, the mirror worker, the commander, the weaver, and the painter. In this study, the face, waist, hair, lips, pupils, mouth, etc. are the organs that have been used along with evidence to prove the personification metaphor.

Educational literature is one of the most important types of literature in the literature of different nations, especially in Iran. The master teacher of education and training in Persian literature is Saadi, whose value is not hidden from anyone; Therefore, this research aims to analyze the story of "Saadi's dispute with the moddai" based on the formal and content indicators of educational literature by using the library study method and in an analytical-descriptive way.The results of the studies show that features such as parables, high frequency of interrogative sentences, high frequency of imperative and prohibitive sentences, syntactic avoidance and shifting of sentence elements, dramatization of the topic, argumentation and interpretation of speech, words, combinations and interpretations of educational literature, simple and expressive image , the use of literary works of art in the direction of education, emphasis on the role of simile, simplicity and expressiveness of language and expression, audience and reader-centeredness, and being explicit are the most important formal characteristics and referring to Quranic verses, hadiths and traditions, predestination perspective, Rationalism and wisdom, monotonous approach (masculine approach), mention of moral teachings in the form of advice and admonition, being instructive and edifying, realism and avoiding fantasy are among the content features of Saadi's story. As a result of Anke's words, the story "Saadi's fight with the moddai" is one of the best educational stories in the field of educational literature

The great event of Ashura is full of persistence and epics in which Imam Hussein (A.S.) and his noble companions were the heroes, so this aspect (epic) of that eternal event is more prominent than other dimensions and it has a special significance. In the present article, using a comparative approach, the epic, ritualistic backgrounds of Ashura are explained in the works of Elhami Kermanshahi and Abbas Gholi Yahyavi Ardabili and the reflection of ritual (religious) and epic values of Ashura such as: steadfastness, self-sacrifice, resistance, struggle and resistance against tyranny of oppressive individuals and governments, praise of freedom and libertarianism, incompatibility against oppression, invitation to defense and perseverance against tyrants and Jihad and martyrdom, and Shiite revolutionary ideas were studied in the field of Persian and Turkish literature with thought-provoking and instructive examples. Finally, the article concludes by examining the poetic purposes and its value and literary consequences.

The purpose of this article is to examine Elixir's humor with the great classical and contemporary poets of the Persian language, which flows in his satires. For this purpose, the satirical poetics of the collection of Akbar Aksir's poems, which correspond to the most important theories of humor such as "superiority", "contradiction" and "psychoanalysis", have been investigated and analyzed in a descriptive-analytical way. The result of the research showed that he successfully created Irony and used humorous techniques, with tools such as puns, allusions and inconsistent and contradictory words, similes and extreme exaggeration, presents his critical thoughts and some constructive and social views

The aim of the current research was to investigate the hierarchy of women's needs in ancient Iranian stories based on Abraham Maslow's pyramid. The research universe included all ancient Iranian stories. The sample of the research embraced the stories of Kalileh and Demeneh, Marzbannameh, Bakhtiyarnameh, Sindbadnameh and Samak Ayar, based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs in women. The research method was descriptive and analytical. Library method was used to collect data and old Iranian stories and themes related to women's needs based on Abraham Maslow's pyramid were reviewed. Then the collected data was compared and psychologically analyzed, then finally a specific pattern of women's needs was drawn. The results showed that: the existence of different characters, including women's characters and different behaviors, provided the basis for the psychological analysis of the texts. Regarding to this, the psychological needs of women in ancient stories, including the stories of Kalila and Demaneh, Marzbannameh, Bakhtiyarnameh, Sindbadnameh and Samak Ayar, according to their motivation and the level of their inner satisfaction with life was categorized based on the Maslow's pyramid of basic needs (biological needs, need for safety, need for love and affiliation, need for self-esteem and need for self-actualization). Biological needs, which are at the base of Maslow's pyramid were reflected in some of the stories of Kalila and Demeneh, Marzbannameh and Sinbadnameh. Women's need for love, affiliation to others and safety" had been considered in the next levels of the pyramid. Also, in the stories of Kalila and Demeneh, Marzban Nameh and Samak Ayar, there were rflections of self-actualization. In other words, the needs of women in old stories can be categorized based on Abraham Maslow's pyramid of needs. According to Maslow, meeting the needs of each category provides the basis for the emergence of the needs of higher categories. Based on this, in order to flourish and be creative in women, the biological and safety needs must be met first.

Due to the fact that the books of our law are taken from and influenced by jurisprudence and the Arabic language, for this reason, jurisprudential terms in Arabic have become common in the law, but this influence is such that it also covers Persian words. They have influenced to the extent that they have applied Arabic rules to Persian words as well. The importance of civil law in ensuring the safety and health of society, it seems necessary to pay attention to the text and principles of Persian writing and the use of Persian words; Because what gives a text credibility and coherence is the way it is written and the maturity of its prose. Therefore, in the present study, with a descriptive and qualitative method based on library study; Also, the opinions of students, graduates, professors of law, Persian language and literature have been reviewed and civil law has been reviewed. Purpose of the research; Practicality and attention to the linguistic correction of legal and legal sources by those involved in this field with the help of experts in Persian language and literature as well as dressing it up from Arabic words. The result is that in some articles, the juxtaposition of Arabic words has created a verbal conjugation Therefore, it is suggested to use common words and expressions in Persian language as much as possible in writing legal texts, especially laws.

The Ashura episode is replete with various kinds of steadfastness as practised and led by Imam al-Husayn and his companions,  hence the epic aspect of the whole event has been shown much more than its other aspects.  The present paper attempts to provide a comparison of the Ashura-oriented poems of Elahi Kermanshahi and Abbasqoli Yahyavi Ardabili.  They portray various religio-ritual and epic values highlighted therein.  Such values pertain to steadfastness,  sacrifice,  resistance,  challenges,  and fighting oppression.  Composed in Persian and Turkish,  they embody educative values and standards,  too.

Salman Herati is one of the committed and stylish poets. The use of rhetorical images in his poetry has two climatic characteristics and attention to Quranic concepts. This approach, in addition to a kind of literary innovation, expresses Salman's moral and Quranic principles. Herati, in creating artistic images, did not use Quranic concepts only as a tool; rather, he used them to sanctify poetry. In other words, most of Salman's poems are in the field of stability and sacred defense, and by using Quranic concepts in image creation, in addition to creating literary satire, he has given them sanctity. In the meantime, simile is the most important element of Salman's Quranic poems, which is provided by the wealth of affection. In the present research, the explanation of the rhetorical influence of the Holy Quran in the poems of Salman Herati has been discussed