رضا طاعتی

This study aims to determine the effects of different dietary levels of lysine and methionine amino acids on growth, survival, and carcass composition of Caspian Kutum (Rutilus frisii). A total number of 144 Kutum fingerlings weighing 3.51±0.78g were distributed into twelve 100-L fiberglass tanks with a density of 12 fish per tank. After one week acclimatization period, fingerlings were fed four experimental diets including diet 1: control (without added amino acid), diet 2: 1% methionine+3% lysine, diet 3: 2% methionine+2% lysine, and diet 4: 3% methionine+1% lysine in triplicate groups for 56 days. Results showed that the fish fed with 3% methionine+1% lysine recorded a significant increase in growth parameters such as final weight (6.75±0.30g), final total length (9.21±0.10cm), weight gain (3.22±0.48g), body weight increase (95.76±13.38%), and specific growth rate (1.20±0.09%/day) (p<0.05). The feed conversion ratio was significantly (p<0.05) improved in mentioned treatment. No significant differences were observed in condition factor, protein efficiency ratio, and survival rate between the dietary treatments (p>0.05). A significant difference in the content of carcass protein was recorded between fish fed different levels of dietary lysine and methionine amino acids with the control group (p<0.05) so that fish fed 3% methionine+1% lysine showed the highest content of carcass protein (16.69±0.35%) (p<0.05). On the other hand, the fish fed with the control diet and diet 3 showed the highest (p<0.05) carcass lipid content. Significant differences were also recorded in the contents of ash and moisture between experimental treatments (p<0.05). According to the obtained results, it can be declared that the level of 3% methionine+1% lysine is optimum for Caspian Kutum.

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of a phytogenic additive (herbal supplement) at different levels on growth performance, blood indices and immune responses of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) for 8 weeks. For this purpose, Bioherbal® phytogenic additive was added to the diet in four levels of 0, 1, 2 and 3 g/kg in diet in three replicates. A total of 120 Siberian sturgeons with a mean weight of 5.36±0.50 g were introduced into twelve 80-L round plastic tanks with a density of 10 fish per each tank. Results showed that final weight, total length, weight gain, specific growth rate, and body weight increase were significantly higher than in fish fed Bioherbal at 3 g (p<0.05). In this treatment, feed conversion ratio had the lowest value and showed significant difference (p<0.05). The survival rate in all groups was 100%. Significant differences (p<0.05) were recorded in hematological and immune parameters. The number of red blood cells, contents of hematocrit, hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in fish fed Bioherbal at 2 g and the number of white blood cells, lymphocyte percentage, lysozyme and IgM values in Bioherbal 3 g showed significant differences (p<0.05). Generally, based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that Bioherbal as a phytogenic additive at 3 g can enhance feed efficiency as well as improve hematological indices and strengthen immune system in Siberian sturgeon.

Lactobacillus in the intestine of fish act as biological protector and can lead to the improvement of the health of meat after catching, therefore increasing their number in the intestine is considered important. The aims of this study were evaluating the effect of biomin on the total bacterial counts and Lactobacillus in the Bester and Sterlet intestine, their growth rate, and comparing them with the control. The treatments included fish fed with zero (control), 1, 1.5, and 2 g/kg biomin. 72 fish of each species with an average weight of 48 and 86 g based on 5% weight were fed by hand for 60 days. At the end of farming period, the length (44.50-30.95 cm) and weight (112.76 - 374.36g) showed a significant increase in the 2% Biomin compared to other treatments. With the increase in the amount of biomin in the diet, despite the decrease in total bacterial counts, Lactobacillus increased (P>0.05). Total bacterial counts between Sterlet (4.21-4.41CFU) and Bester (4.32–4.49CFU) in concentrations of 1-2% biomin compared to the control (4.49-4.58CFU) did not show a significant difference (P>0.05). At the same levels in Sterlet (1.46-1.89CFU) and Bester (1.49-1.94 CFU) compared to the control (1.39-1.45CFU) a higher of Lactobacillus was observed (P>0.05). Bacterial agents did not differ significantly between experimental treatments (P>0.05). Since the use of Biomin (2%) Lactobacillus increased in fish compared to the control and led to an increase in the growth of fish, therefore its use is recommended for feeding fish.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding with different types of live feeds on growth performance, survival rate, body composition, and fatty acids profile of great sturgeon (Huso huso) larvae during short-time weaning to dry feed. A total of 1200 great sturgeon larvae with a mean initial weight of 0.43±0.01g were distributed randomly into twelve 80-L circular fiberglass tanks (100 larvae per tank) with three replicates. Afterward, the fish were fed with frozen chironomid larvae (T1), frozen Artemia biomass (T2), and a combination of them (T3). The control group © received only a commercial dry feed (0.5 mm: protein 55.59%, lipid 21.12%, ash 11.76%, and moisture 7.96%) throughout the feeding trial. For weaning, the live feed was reduced by 15% every two days, and the dry feed ratio was also gradually increased. According to the results, the final weight (4.99±0.16g), weight gain (4.57±0.17g), body weight increase (1081.53±72.75%), and specific growth rate (11.75±0.29%/day) were significantly higher in T1 than in other groups (p<0.05). The survival rate (56.50±1.32%) significantly decreased in the control group © (p<0.05); however, no mortality was observed in the group fed chironomid larvae (p<0.05). The crude lipid (1.32±0.08%) and moisture (80.98±0.17%) levels of T1 were higher than other groups, and the crude protein content was significantly higher in T3 (11.26±0.39%) and C (11.44±0.44%) than T1 (9.23±0.39%) and T2 (9.67±0.28%) groups (p<0.05). There was a significant decrease in total n-3 LC-PUFA fatty acids (9.53±0.04%) in T3 than in T1 (11.02±071%) (p<0.05). The EPA/DHA ratio in T1 was significantly higher (0.45±0.03%) than other treatments (p<0.05). Consequently, the administration of frozen chironomid larvae is recommended during a 21-day adaptation period of great sturgeon larvae to the dry feed, due to the optimizing effects on growth indices, survival, and fatty acid contents.

The purpose of this study was to produce a dry product from the whole common Kilka, Clupeonella caspia and to investigate the effect of drying on the nutritional value, microbial, chemical and organoleptic alterations during the storage time. The treatments included drying Kilka by two traditional and industrial methods and keeping in the ambient condition for 75 days. Staphylococcus, Coliform, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella were not observed in the experimental treatments. Mold and yeast were observed in the traditional and industrial treatments after 45 and 60 days, respectively. Salt absorption in the treatments was 24%. The total bacterial count (6.45-6.72 log CFU/g) was lower in the industrial treatment compared to the traditional one. Protein (43.28-43.7%) and fat (11-11.7%) were higher in the industrial treatment compared to traditional method. However, ash (10.30-11.7%) and moisture (18.50-27.40%) were higher in traditional treatment compared to industrial one. The sensory characteristics were evaluated better in the industrial treatment compared to the traditional treatment, exhibiting a significant difference during the storage time (p<0.05). TVB-N (industrial: 12.48-29.50; traditional: 12.61-29.36 mg/100g), PV (traditional: 0.09-5; industrial: 0.06-4.75 meq/kg oil), and TBARS in industrial treatment (0.02-0.99) had better quality (p<0.05) compared to traditional one (0.03-0.97 mg/kg). The industrial and traditional treatments displayed favorable microbial, chemical, and sensory characteristics in the ambient condition for 60 and 45 days, respectively.

Medicinal plants have a much healthier effect than chemical drugs, and due to the presence of various effective substances, they can be used in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. This research aims to compare the performance of hydroalcoholic extracts of eucalyptus and garlic in reducing the fungal and bacterial load of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) eggs during incubation. At first, enough sperm and eggs were obtained from Persian sturgeon male and female breeders after artificial propagation stages. After fertilization, the eggs were weighed by a digital scale. The number of eggs per gram, the total weight of eggs per tray, and the final number of eggs stored in the incubator were calculated. Considering the allocation of three trays for each treatment, the number of stored eggs for each treatment was 15000. The total number of stored eggs for five treatments was 75000. Hydroalcoholic extracts (70% ethanol solvent) of eucalyptus (appearance: clear, color: brown, pH=5.02) and garlic (appearance: clear, color: light brown, pH=6.49) were prepared. Five experimental treatments containing control (no extract), Eucalyptus 50 mg.l-1, eucalyptus 100 mg.l-1, Garlic 50 mg.l-1, and 100 mg.l-1 were designed in three replicates by the short-term bath method in three stages (days). At the end of the three disinfection stages, eggs were randomly sampled from each replicate for the total bacterial and fungal count. No significant difference was observed in the water's physical and chemical factors, such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature, during the disinfection stages of eggs (p<0.05). The results showed that treatments containing eucalyptus and garlic extracts at 50 and 100 mg/l showed lower total bacterial and fungal counts than the control treatment (P<0.05). Still, the eucalyptus extract at 100 mg/l performed much better than the rest of the experimental treatments (P<0.05). In incubation indices such as hatching rate and healthy larvae, statistically significant differences were observed in four treatments containing garlic and eucalyptus extracts (50 and 100 mg.l-1) with the control (P<0.05). Based on Duncan's test, the average rate of hatching and the number of healthy larvae were more in eucalyptus at 100 mg.l-1 than in other studied treatments (P<0.05). Egg hatching rates were equal in garlic and eucalyptus at 100 and 50 mg.l-1, respectively. During the research, there was no change in the appearance of the larvae, which can be considered the safety of plant extracts. Various factors such as the type and compounds in the plant, the amount of used concentration, the type of microorganism, the pH level, and the environment's temperature can influence the antimicrobial potential of herbal extracts and compounds. According to the obtained findings, it can be stated that hydroalcoholic extracts of Garlic and Eucalyptus played a very decisive role in reducing the fungal and bacterial contamination of Persian sturgeon eggs during the incubation period.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing fish oil with canola oil in the diet on the growth performance and biochemical composition of common carp fingerlings. To carry out this study, a total number of 180 common carp fingerlings were introduced in twelve 100-L fiberglass tanks with an average weight of 4.07 ± 0.7 g and an average total length of 7 ± 3 cm. Four diets with the same protein, fat and energy levels were formulated. Canola oil was replaced with fish oil at four levels of 0, 25, 50 and 75%. Fingerlings were fed three times a day for 8 weeks based on 3% of body weight. At the end of the experiment, growth indices, and carcass biochemical composition was measured. Based on the obtained results, no significant differences were observed among the treatments in terms of food conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, specific growth rate, body weight gain, total length increase, average daily growth, condition factor, survival rate, final length, and final weight (p>0.05). The results of carcass composition also showed that there was no significant difference in the carcass moisture content between the treatments (p>0.05). However, significant differences were recorded in the contents of protein, ash and fat (p<0.05). According to the findings, different levels of canola oil in the diet did not affect the growth performance and carcass composition in the common carp fingerlings.

Organizational entrepreneurship is the process of reviving organizational performance, the benefits of which include creativity and innovation in product and service design, innovation in organizational processes, improving efficiency and effectiveness. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cultural intelligence and organizational climate on organizational entrepreneurship mediated by organizational commitment. The present study is applied in terms of descriptive-correlational content nature (structural equation model) and in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the present study is the number of teachers employed in the primary school of the academic year 1401-1400 in District 1 of Ardabil province in 2003. Sampling method is multi-stage and stratified cluster sampling which, based on Morgan table, a sample of 292 people were selected. Standard questionnaires were used to collect data. The results indicate the direct effect of cultural intelligence and organizational climate on organizational commitment 0.27 and 0.42, respectively. Also, the indirect effect of cultural intelligence and organizational climate on organizational entrepreneurship was 0.26 and 0.40 with T (6.93) and (5.09), respectively. Due to the constant changes and developments in the organizational environment, it is necessary for organizations to have the ability to be creative and innovative in order to be able to perform effectively and ensure their survival.

Today, due to the high cost of animal proteins on aquatic diets, a great deal of attention has been paid to further use of plant proteins.

The present study aimed to replace fish meal with corn protein concentrate (CPC) (Empyreal® 75) and investigate its effect on growth, survival, and body composition of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii).

Corn protein concentrate was replaced with fish meal at four levels of 0, 15, 30, and 45 % in three replicates in a completely randomized design. A total of 120 Siberian sturgeons weighing 8.27±0.39 g were distributed into twelve 80-L round plastic tanks with a density of 10 fish per tank. After a week of acclimatization period, fingerlings were fed with four diets with the same protein and energy levels (isonitrogenic and isocaloric) for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, growth parameters and carcass composition were measured.

The results revealed that the total length, final weight, body weight increase. Specific growth rate, average daily growth, protein efficiency ratio, and condition factor were significantly higher in fish fed with corn protein concentrate at the level of 15 % compared to the other treatments (P<0.05). The food conversion ratio had the lowest value in this treatment, which showed a significant difference with the other treatments (P<0.05). A significant difference in carcass protein was observed in fish fed corn protein concentrate 15 % and 30 % in comparison with fish fed with 45 % corn protein concentrate. The survival rate was 100 % in all the treatments.

Based on the obtained findings, it could be stated that corn protein concentrate at the level of 15 % can be a good substitute for fish meal in Siberian sturgeon diet.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) and brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on growth performance, digestive enzymes activity and intestinal microbiota in sterlet juveniles (Acipenser ruthenus). Total number of 315 sterlet juveniles (24.5 ± 0.2g) were divided into 7 treatments and were fed with a basal diet containing different amounts of Chlorella and yeast during 8 weeks. Treatments 1 to 7 were fed with a basal diet supplemented with no chlorella and yeast (control), 1% yeast, 0.5% yeast, 3% Chlorella, 5% Chlorella, a combination of 0.5% yeast and 5% Chlorella and a combination of 0.5% yeast and 5% Chlorella, respectively. At the end of trial, growth factors, digestive enzymes and total number of intestinal bacteria were measured. The results showed that the addition of yeast and Chlorella to the fish diet improved growth performance, increased the secretion of digestive enzymes and also increased the number of intestinal bacteria compared to the control (p<0.05). The best growth performance was observed in treatments 5 (5% Chlorella) and then treatments 6 and 7 (combination of Chlorella and yeast) so that the highest amount of body weight gain, average daily growth, specific growth rate, and the lowest feed conversion ratio were observed in treatments 5, 6 and 7 (p<0.05). No significant difference was seen in the survival rate between treatments (p>0.05). The results showed that supplementing the diet of sterlet juveniles with microalgae and brewer’s yeast as well as their combination significantly improve the growth performance, secretion of digestive enzymes and intestinal bacterial flora.

In this study, growth, carcass composition and fatty acid profile were evaluated in Hediste diversicolor fed faeces and food of beluga in open and semi-closed systems. This research was carried out based on three treatments in three replicates consisting of treatment 1: Nereis worm fed by beluga wastewater and using recycling water (semi-closed), treatment 2: Nereis worm fed by beluga wastewater without recycling water (open) and treatment 3: Nereis worm fed by concentrated food. Results showed that growth indices and survival rate in worms fed by concentrated food were higher than in comparison with other treatments (P<0.05). The highest content of SPUFA and w-3/w-6 ratio were observed in Nereis worms fed concentrated food (P<0.05). Reared worms in semi-closed system had the maximum content of SMUFA and DHA/EPA ratio (P<0.05). Significant differences were recorded in protein and lipid of carcass and TSS contents of worm tanks outlet (P<0.05). According to the results, because of having high content of protein as well as suitable ratios of DHA/EPA and w-3/w-6, these worms have high nutritional value for sturgeons and shrimp broodstocks. Economically, because of the lack of expense on food, the worm can be exploited as secondary product.

The present study was carried out to determine the effect of different levels of glucose and corn starch as carbohydrate sources on growth performance, body composition, digestibility, digestive and liver enzymes of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). A total number of 120 Siberian sturgeons weighing 25.64 ± 2.80g were fed four diets including glucose 15%, glucose 30%, corn starch 15% and corn starch 30% for a period of 11 weeks. Results showed that final weight, final total length, percentage of body weight increase, specific growth rate, mean daily growth, protein efficiency ratio and condition factor in fish fed corn starch 15% were high in comparison with other treatments (P>0.05). Significant difference was seen between fish fed corn starch 30% with fish fed glucose 15% in hepatosomatic index (P<0.05). The highest content of carcass protein was seen in corn starch 15% that showed significant difference with glucose 15% and 30% (P<0.05). Fish fed glucose 15% had the highest content of carcass total carbohydrate which showed significant difference with corn starch 15% and 30% (P<0.05). The contents of lipase, pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin enzymes and also apparent digestibility of protein and lipid in fish fed corn starch 15% were higher than the other treatments (P<0.05). The highest contents of liver enzymes were recorded in fish fed glucose 30% (P>0.05). Based on the mentioned results, corn starch at the level of 15% can increase growth and improve body composition, digestibility and digestive enzymes in Siberian sturgeon.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different dietary protein levels on growth, survival and body composition of Hediste diversicolor. Three isocaloric diets with three different protein levels containing high protein (50%), medium protein (35%) and low protein (20%) were designed in three replicates in completely randomized design. Hediste worm larvae weighing 0.02±0.005g were distributed into nine 40-L tanks with a density of 500 worms (2500 worms per m2). The worms were fed for 77 days. Results showed that final weight, final biomass (g/m2), biomass gain, specific growth rate, body weight increase and average daily growth in worms fed high protein (50%) were significantly higher than in comparison with other experimental treatments (p<0.05). The highest survival rate was recorded in worms fed medium protein (35%) (p<0.05). Worms fed 50% and 35% protein levels had the highest content of carcass protein that showed significant difference (p<0.05). Significant differences were observed in contents of lipid and ash (p<0.05). Worms fed protein at the level of 35% showed the highest level of carcass moisture (p<0.05). The lowest (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio and economic conversion ratio were seen in worms fed protein at the level of 50%. According to obtained findings, protein at the level of 50% (high) can be effective in enhancing of growth performance, feed efficiency, body composition of Hediste diversicolor and economic efficiency.

In this research, it was studied the effect of acidifier supplementation on growth, hematological and immune indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. A completely randomized design was performed with four treatments in three replicates. Acidifier supplementation was added in four levels including 0, 2, 4, and 8 g/kg to the basal diet. A total number of 84 common carp fingerlingsweighing 18.30±2.08g were fed and kept at a density of 7 fish per aquarium in twelve 40-L aquaria for 60 days. Results showed that the highest final weight, body weight increase, average daily growth, specific growth rate and the lowest feed conversion ratio were observed at the level of 8g/kg acidifier supplementation (P<0.05). No significant difference was recorded in condition factor and survival rate among the treatments (P>0.05). Acidifier supplementation at the level of 8 g/kg showed significant difference (P<0.05) in RBC, hematocrit, hemoglobin and neutrophil counts with other treatments. Also, this treatment had the highest non-significant WBCs and monocyte counts (P>0.05). On the other hand, the highest values of IgM and lysozyme were showed in treatment 2g/kg acidifier supplementation (P>0.05). Based on obtained findings, it can be declared that acidifier supplementation can promote growth performance and improve some hematological and immune indices of common carp.

The present study was conducted to examine the effect of dietary lysine and methionine amino acids on growth, blood parameters, liver enzymes and immune responses of beluga, Huso huso. Four experimental soy protein-based treatments including D0 (without lysine or methionine), D1 (lysine), D2 (methionine) and D3 (lysine + methionine) were formulated in triplicate groups. A total number of 240 juvenile beluga with average weight of 144.6 ± 4.64 g were fed with the experimental diets in the same rearing conditions for 12 weeks. L-lysine and DL-methionine were added to the diets containing 344 g/kg soybean meal at 22.02 and 12.94 g/kg dry diets, respectively. Growh indices in D3 (lysine + methionine) were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in other treatments. The lowest content of HSI belonged to D0 (control) which exhibited significant difference (p<0.05) compated to the other treatments. The values of hematocrit, hemoglobin, glucose, total protein, liver enzymes and number of red blood cells in in D3 revealed significant enhancement compared to D0 (p<0.05). There was an increased immune parameter including total Ig and lysozyme in treatments with supplemented amino acids (D1, D2 and D3) compared to D0 (control) with significant difference in case of D3 (p<0.05). In conclusion, beluga juveniles effectively utilize the supplemented lysine at 22.02 g/kgand methionine at 12.94 g/kgin the dry diets containing 344 g/kg soybean meal to enhance growth performance, haematological and immune parameters.

Enzymes are organic catalysts that trigger and/or accelerate chemical reactions. This research was done to compare the separate and combined levels of commercial multienzymes on feeding efficiency and carcass chemical composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Total number of 96 common carp fingerlings weighing 13.06±2.56g were distributed in six treatments including control (without multienzyme), 1 g/kg Combo, 1.5 g/kg Combo, 1 g/kg Natuzyme Plus, 1.5 g/kg Natuzyme Plus and mixture of 1g/kg Combo+1 g/kg Natuzyme Plus in two replicates for 8 weeks. Growth indices such as the final weight, percentage of body weight increase, specific growth rate, food conversion ratio and average daily growth in treatment 1g/kg Natuzyme Plus showed significant differences compared to other experimental treatments (P<0.05). Also, all experimental treatments had better condition in comparison with the control. The highest condition factor was seen in fish fed 1.5 g/kg Natuzyme Plus which showed significant difference with 1.5 g/kg Combo (P<0.05). Common carp fingerlings fed mixture of Combo+Natuzyme Plus recorded a slight increase in protein content of carcass compared to other dietary treatments. Fish fed multienzymes had less (P>0.05) lipid content of carcass in comparison with the control. There was no significant difference in ash and moisture contents of carcass (P>0.05). According to results, it can be stated that Natuzyme Plus at the level of 1.5 g/kg can be effective in improvement of growth performance and feed efficiency in farmed common carp fingerlings.

Inroduction & One of the problems of aquaculture is low access to fish meal, which increases demand and reduction in production rates. A lot of efforts have been made to find suitable alternatives that plant protein sources are among the most important substituents. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of partial replacing fish meal with wheat gluten on growth indices, survival, and carcass composition of Caspian kutum (Rutilus kutum). Wheat gluten was replaced at four levels including 0, 10%, 20% and 30% with fishmeal in three replicates. A total number of 240 kutum frys weighing 0.33±0.06g were distributed into twelve 100-L fiberglass tanks with a density of 20 fish per tank. Fish were fed four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets for 8 weeks. At the end of the trial, growth indices and carcass composition were measured. Final weight, total length, body weight increase, specific growth rate, average daily growth and protein efficiency ratio in control group were significantly higher than other treatments (P<0.05). Wheat gluten at the level of 30% and control had the highest and the lowest feed conversion ratio, respectively. The highest survival rate was recorded in 30% wheat gluten that showed significant difference with control (p<0.05). A significant difference in content of carcass protein was observed between control and fish fed 10% wheat gluten with fish fed 20% wheat gluten (P<0.05).  According to obtained findings, wheat gluten at used levels is not optimal for kutum and cannot substitute the fish meal.

The aim of the present study is to compare hematological and biochemical parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed with separate and combined levels of multi-enzymes commercial feed. A total number of 96 common carp fingerlings weighing 13.06±2.56 g and total length 9.25±1.34 cm were distributed in six treatments including control (without multienzyme), 1000 and 1500 mg/kg Combo, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg Natuzyme and combined treatment of 1000 mg/kg Combo plus 1000 mg/kg Natuzyme into 12 tanks at a density of 8 fish per tank. At the end of a 8-week feeding trial, blood sampling was done to measure hematological parameters. Results showed that there were significant differences in final weight, body weight increase and feed conversion ratio among treatments (p<0.05). Some treatments had an increase (p<0.05) in RBC, contents of hematocrit and hemoglobin, WBS (except 1500 mg/kg Natuzyme) and lymphocyte number compared to the control. The highest number of lymphocyte was seen in 1000 mg/kg Natuzyme and 1500 mg/kg Combo which had significant difference with other treatments (p<0.05). The maximum content of triglyceride was recorded in 1000 mg/kg Natuzyme that had significant difference with the control and combined treatment (p<0.05). There were differences between levels of liver enzymes among treatments (p<0.05). The highest content of amylase, protease and lipase were observed in 1500 mg/kg Combo and 1000 mg/kg Combo, respectively which showed significant difference with others (p<0.05). According to the results, Natuzyme and Combo can be effective in the improvement of hematological and biochemical parameters of common carp fingerlings.

A survey was carried out to evaluate the effect of natural (gammarus and marigold) and synthetic (astaxanthin) carotenoids on growth indices, skin color and blood of redhead cichlid (Paraneetroplus synspilus) in spring 2015. Total number of 120 redhead cichlids with an average weight of 9.63 ± 2.90 g were distributed in 12 aquaria and kept at a density of 10 fish per aquarium. Fish were fed four rations including 1- control (skretting without pigment), 2- 100g/kg gammarus in skretting, 3- 100g/kg marigold in skretting and 4- 50 mg/kg astaxanthin in skretting in three replicates for 70 days. At the end of the experiment, blood sampling was conducted via caudal artery or vein (under vertebral column). The highest final weight, total length, percentage of body weight increase, average daily growth, specific growth rate, condition factor, gonadosomatic index and the lowest FCR were observed in fish fed astaxanthin which there were significant differences in gonadosomatic index with other treatments (P<0.05). Fishes fed marigold showed an increase (P<0.05) in RBC, hematocrit and hemoglobin. Fish fed astaxanthin, marigold and gammarus had much astaxanthin (P<0.05) in blood and higher coloration (P<0.05) at the top of opercle and under pectoral fin compared to the control. Based on results, addition of pigment in the diet is mandatory and astaxanthin at the level of 50 mg/kg and marigold at the level of 100 g/kg can play important roles in increasing growth, skin coloration and also improve hematological parameters in redhead cichlid fingerlings.

A 17-week feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary L-carnitine level in beluga, Huso huso. A total of fish averaging 1247 ± 15.6 g (mean ± SD) were randomly distributed into 21 fibreglass tanks, and each tank holding 10 fish was then randomly assigned to one of three replicates of seven diets with 50, 150, 350, 650, 950 and 1250 mg L-carnitine kg-1 diet or control diet (Biomar). At the end of 17 weeks of feeding trial, average weight gain (WG), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and condition factor (CF) of fish fed 350 mg kg-1 diet were significantly (P

This study was performed to evaluate four common food rations in Iranian market on growth performance, some biochemical factors of farmed beluga (Huso huso) in winter 2015. Total number of 80 belugas weighing 4063.48± 134.29g were randomly distributed into 8 circular concrete ponds and kept at a density of 10 fish per pond. Fish were acclimatized to new rearing conditions for a week. Great sturgeons were fed four rations including Behdaneh, Biomar, Faradaneh and Skretting in two replicates (completely randomized design). Results showed that the highest final weight, percentage of body weight increase, average daily growth, specific growth rate, condition factor, protein efficiency ratio and the lowest FCR and price index were observed in treatment Faradaneh which had significant differences with treatment Behdaneh (P0.05). The highest content of cholesterol was seen in treatment Behdaneh which showed significant difference with other treatments (P

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of dietary acidifier on feed efficiency and some hematological and immune parameters of tiger Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus). A total of 96 Oscar fingerlings weighing 7.08±1.33g were fed with four treatments including 0, 2, 4 and 8 g Biotronic acidifier (Biomin®- Austria)/kg diet for a period of 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, biometry and blood sampling were done to measure hematological and immune parameters. The results showed that the highest final weight, percentage of body weight increase, average daily growth, specific growth rate, condition factor and the lowest FCR were observed in treatment 8 g/kg acidifier which had no significant difference with other treatments (P>0.05). Fish were fed 4 g/kg acidifier showed an increase in RBC, hematocrit and hemoglobin compared to other groups. There was no significant difference in MCH, MCV and MCHC between treatments (P>0.05). The highest WBC was recorded in treatment 8 g/kg acidifier. The treatment 4 g/kg acidifier had the highest lymphocyte count compared to the other treatments. In immune factors, treatments 2 and 8 g/kg acidifier showed the highest amount of lysozyme and IgM, respectively compared to other treatments. Based on mentioned results, it can be stated that acidifier supplement at level of 8 g/kg has been a slight impact on strengthening feeding efficiency and also improvement of some hematological and immune parameters of Oscar fingerlings.

Introduction and Sleep quality is influence by psychological, social and physiological factors. The current study was done to determine the relationship between college students, sleep quality and their psychological condition.
Materials and methods In this descriptive-analytic study, 200 male college students reside in dormitories of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran were selected by simple sampling method. Data was collected by demographic information; DASS-21 (for assessing stress, anxiety and depression) and Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaires. Pearson correlations and one-way ANOVA test were used to analyze the data.
Findings showed that 90% of participants had poor sleep quality. Also, there are significant relationship between the mean score of sleep quality and stress (r=0.53, pConclusion The results showed that there is a direct association between psychological condition and sleep quality among male college students. Developing psychological interventions for improving the sleep quality in college students is essential.

Vitamins are considered an essential part in diet of aquatic animals.
This study was carried out to assay the effect of different levels of vitamin E on growth performance, carcass compositions and blood parameters of common carp fingerlings (Cyprinus carpio).
Total number of 96 common carp fingerlings weighing 15.49 ± 3.64 g were randomly distributed into 12 fiberglass tanks in four treatments group including control (without added vitamin), 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg vitamin E in three replicates and kept at a density of 8 fish per tank for 10 weeks.
Results showed that the highest weight gain, percentage of body weight increase, mean daily growth, specific growth rate, condition factor and the lowest food conversation ratio were observed in fish fed with 200mg/kg vitamin E but no significant differences were seen compared to other treatments (p>0.05). Fish fed with 200mg/kg vitamin E had the highest (p>0.05) contents of protein and ash compared to control group. There was an increase in values of RBC, Hct and Hb in fish fed with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg vitamin E in comparison with control group. Significant differences were observed in MCHC in fish fed with 100 mg/kg vitamin E compared to control and fish fed with 400 mg/kg, also treatment 200 mg/kg with treatment 400 mg/kg vitamin E (p Vitamin E in level of 200 mg/kg can play an important role to enhance growth performance, nutrition efficiency and improving blood indices and support cell immunity in common carp fingerlings.