روح الله دهقانی

Dengue fever, an arboviral disease primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, poses a significant public health concern globally. Key vectors, such as Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Aedes cinereus, are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, affecting over 140 countries. These species are also found in Iran, particularly in the southern, southeastern, and northern regions. Diagnosing dengue fever presents challenges, including differentiating it from other febrile illnesses and recognizing early warning signs of severe dengue. Symptoms typically include acute fever, warning signs of severe illness, and potential complications. The clinical progression of dengue includes three phases: the febrile phase, critical phase, and recovery phase. A comprehensive understanding of clinical manifestations, prognostic indicators, diagnostic algorithms, and laboratory methods is crucial for accurate diagnosis, risk assessment, and effective disease management. Given the absence of specific antiviral treatments or vaccines for dengue, supportive care and symptomatic treatment remain essential. This narrative review discusses the management of dengue fever, focusing on supportive care, fluid management, antipyretic and analgesic medications, and antiviral treatments. Additionally, it reviews potential future treatment strategies and emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and prompt medical intervention in improving patient outcomes. The study also explores immunological targets, vaccine platforms, clinical trials, and future prospects for dengue vaccination. Furthermore, it presents prevention strategies targeting Aedes mosquitoes and outlines the challenges that lie ahead. By adopting a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach, we can pave the way for advancements in the prevention and control of dengue fever related to Aedes mosquito transmission. Continued research efforts, innovative collaborations, and public health training are vital to combat dengue fever and reduce its burden on affected populations worldwide.

Smoking is one of the biggest public health problems in the world, which can increase the overall burden of disease in the world. Since understanding the factors related to smoking among medical students is considered an important and necessary factor for formulating and explaining educational intervention programs, therefore, this study was conducted determine the prevalence of smoking among students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences and the factors related to it.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 681 students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences in the first semester of 2018 by simple random sampling. Smoking in individuals, family, close friends, and other demographic characteristics was measured using a questionnaire with good reliability and multiple logistic regression was used for statistical analysis.

The average age of the participants in this study (313 male and 368 female students) was 25 ±4.2 years old. The prevalence of smoking among students was 9.4% (16.7% in boys and 3.35% in girls). Also, smoking had a significant relationship with the desire to smoke, living in a dormitory, having close friends who smoke, and family members with a history of smoking (p<0.05).

The academic drop of students who smoke is significantly higher than other students. Since this study has shown the factors related to smoking in students, the use of these findings can be a basis for the prevention of smoking and the development of preventive interventions.

Understanding Hadith’ enjoys a high ranking position among Shia scholars; however, Shia hadith thinkers’ understanding of the hadiths including religious hadiths is different. Some of the differences in understanding stems from hadith interpreters due to their diversity in their level of understanding people, their tendencies, the principles, and attitudes. What seems to bear significance is the difference in principles and foundations and the encounter of Shia scholars with narrative texts, which plays a significant role in the diversity of understanding the hadith. Among all these approaches, the discourse of textualism and rationalism of the 4th century scholars such as Sheikh Sadouq and Sheikh Mofid in the face of theological traditions are much discussed. It is obvious that the views of the holders of these two attitudes will lead to different understanding of the theological hadiths since the result of the textualism would be to stop understanding the text of some theological hadiths, and the result of of rationalism in the hadith will be the expansion of theological knowledge and evaluating it by means of reason. Having conceptualized understanding, rationalism, and textualism, the present study has used the historical and analytical sequence to examine  the distinctions of textualists and rationalists in some indexes including their conceptions and view on the acceptance of hadiths, as well as evasion from rationality through Ijtihad in theological hadiths, which causes different understandings in hadiths with regard to issues such as possibility of error on the part of the prophet, the deeds of servants, and the creation of souls before bodies.

Today, virtual social networks are the most powerful online media; To the extent that these networks facilitate the free flow of information to normal users; The circulation of sabotage information and new ways of committing crime has also been facilitated from this context. Any confrontation with crimes related to social networks requires the application of prudent and codified criminal policy. The anonymity of users, the difficulty of accessing professional criminals in this space due to the uncontrollability of non-native social networks and the severe vulnerability of the target, especially children, have doubled the need for growing prevention of crimes committed in this space. In this research, descriptively and analytically, an attempt has been made to analyze the concept in the field of crime prevention by describing the theories of criminological thinkers. The sources collected in this research are library method which has been finalized by using books, articles and related domestic and foreign scientific reports and researches in this field. Findings indicate that the use of community-based institutions, strengthening self-control mechanisms, individual-centered, family-oriented, school-based support programs and utilizing economic, cultural and social capacities to create the necessary conditions to prevent the tendency Children and adolescents are important to delinquency.On the other hand, jurisprudential teachings indicate that children and adolescents are among the most vulnerable sections of society physically, mentally and socially. Unfortunately, due to the limitations of researchers in accessing court cases, no case is properly investigated for the various dimensions of these crimes, and the scope of these crimes and delinquencies is increasing every day.Therefore, creating intelligent and integrated systems for accurate recording of statistics and information related to crimes in this field and providing researchers with access to this data, strengthening local social networks with a spark of creativity and initiative, paying special attention to promoting media literacy by providing And the provision of hardware and software facilities for educating adolescents, young people and their parents, as practical solutions to get out of this situation is suggested.The synergy of the set of governance pillars with the participation of citizens and civil society organizations in this dangerous path is an undeniable necessity.

Students are a very important part of young society whose awareness affects the health of family and friends. At the same time as the COVID-19 pandemic, the present study was conducted to investigate the level of Knowledge, Preventive Behaviors and Risk Perception of students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences towards COVID-19.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022. 330 students from the Kashan University of Medical Sciences were selected by random sampling method.  Data collection tools were a questionnaire including 4 sections of demographic information, awareness (15 questions) and preventive behaviors (9 questions) and risk perception (2 questions). The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for data analysis.

The knowledge of students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences about the ways of transmission, origin, symptoms, incubation period, treatment, how to diagnose, the importance of using a mask and hand hygiene has been between 60 to 98% and very good. The students' preventive behaviors towards all the mentioned items were between 65 and 95% and were very good. About half of the university students had a high risk of COVID-19.

Due to the high prevalence of this virus and the lack of completely effective medicine in the treatment of this disease, it is necessary to raise the level of awareness of students with appropriate training, so that we can see an increase in preventive behaviors and understanding of risk among students.

Coronavirus has a high transmissibility, and there are various ways to transmit it. Health forces must consider all possible routes of transmission. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of environmental factors in the spread of coronavirus.

This study was a systematic review. The articles were first selected according to the title related to the research objectives; then the abstract of the study articles and related articles were separated. Finally, after a thorough review of the articles, research related to the objectives of this study was selected. A total of 245 review sources were selected, and finally 63 sources were entered the study.

The coronavirus can be transmitted in different ways. Inanimate surfaces, water and sewage, air, and contaminated hands are important in this regard. The corona virus may remain in the contaminated water of the carrier for days to weeks. The highest concentration of corona virus was in the room air of infected patients. The coronavirus stays in the water contaminated with the corona carrier for a long time, and may be transmitted to other people.

Proper ventilation, disinfection of public places, observance of social distance, attention to water and waste hygiene, and personal hygiene should be considered to prevent the spread of coronavirus. Attention to prevention is the main concern of healthcare workers, and more attention should be paid to the role of them as the main lever in prevention.

The role of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil in preventing crimes related to social networks Fundamentals, resources, opportunities and challenges Abstract Social crime prevention is more fundamental than situational prevention, but the high cost and late achievement of the result have made criminal policymakers less likely to pursue social prevention strategies. However, in different cultures, strategies can be adopted for this type of prevention that are welcomed by the public to reduce the scope of crime to a large extent with public participation. One of the methods is enjoining what is good and forbidding what is evil, which has been approved as a religious duty by the holy shari'a and the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, but it has still been neglected. . This article seeks to show how enjoining the good and forbidding the evil can, as an example of social prevention, eliminate the context of crimes, especially crimes related to social networks. Enjoining the good and forbidding the evil is not only a religious solution and a religious duty, but also has rational and logical foundations, and therefore in non-religious countries, it has been welcomed by policymakers under the title of public oversight. Accordingly, in addition to religious principles and sources, we have also explored rational and legal principles and sources. Of course, the implementation of this duty faces many obstacles and challenges. created by forming parties and non-governmental organizations and strengthening and supporting them, and this tool should not be used politically or factionally, and those who perform this duty should not be held accountable. Also, the conditions and levels of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil must be carefully observed and it must not be exploited as a tool, otherwise it will lead to the opposite result. .

Scorpion’s sting has created one of the most significant health and medical issues in Iran. Lack of sufficient knowledge of the fauna and the seasonal activity of scorpions in an area poses a serious challenge to the control programs. Each year, several cases of scorpion sting are reported in Qaenat county. In this regard, the present study aimed to identify and determine the fauna and scorpions of this region.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the scorpions that were caught using Ultra-Violet (UV) light, pitfall traps, and hand-catching methods every month in Qaenat City in South Khorasan Province in Iran during 2017. After their capture, the scorpions were stored in plastic containers of glycerin and 70% ethanol and were identified using a valid morphological key.

A total of 912 scorpion specimens from the buthidae family were collected, including six species of Mesobuthus eupeus, Androctonus crassicauda, Orthochirus scrobiculosus, Compsobuthus matthiesseni, Mesobuthus caucasicus, and Odontobuthus doriae. M. eupeus and O. doriae had the highest (60.96%) and lowest (0.88%) frequencies, respectively. Moreover, most of the scorpions were collected in December in rural areas, while the least number of them were collected in May.

Due to the diversity of scorpion species in the studies region, it is essential to educate and raise the awareness of individuals living in this region about methods of preventing scorpion stings.

In the Quran, some words and sentences and even some stories have been repeated in one or more chapters in various ways that scientists, researcher and literary scholars consider one of the most basic components of the Holy Quran's expressive style and represent the miracle of the Quran. The interpretation and arrangement of the words, sentences, and context verses imply that God Almighty has a specific purpose and goal behind avery word and expression, though repeated, with the exact same purpose of telling even a seemingly identical story. But, some historians have cited the structure of repetition in the Quran as one of its disadvantages and believe that repetition of one thing in different suras indicates that the verses are scattered and the Quranic message is repeated, so that the reader reads a large sura, no need to read any other surah that the author of 'The Quran Criticism' has addressed .In fact, the group is asking to question the eloquence of the Quran and to believe that the terms and vocabulary of this book are repetitive and inconsistent with its expressive miracle. In the repetition of the Quran, the sentences, the sentences, and the repetition of the Quran are part of the verbal repetition of the rhetorical and artistic aspect of the Quran. Part of it is about content repetition. This type of repetition in the Quran has come for purposes such as preaching, encouraging, threatening, penetrating into the minds, expressing the greatness of something like the day of Judgment and warning the believers and so on. Therefore, repetition in the Quran is not only a manifestation of rhetoric but also is a sign of the rhetorical miracle of the Quran.

Paederus dermatitis is a common dermatitis in northern parts of Iran. Clinically, the most common presentation of paederus dermatitis is sudden onset of erythematous plaques with vesicles. The lesions usually affect exposed areas such as face, neck and arms. It is a common dermatitis between residents and tourists in northern provinces of Iran during spring and summer. Preventive measures include typical insect repellents precautions, such as using bed nets, long-sleeve clothing, and avoiding fluorescent lights. If the beetles are found on the skin, brushing them off, rather than crushing them, helps to prevent the dermatitis. Treatment includes washing the affected area immidiatley, applying cold and wet compresses, and in some cases, treatment with antibiotics, steroids, and antihistamines. Herein, we report a paederus dermatitis case in a 9-year old Kashani boy who had traveled to northern Iran as a tourist. We also review the related literature.