زهرا ترکاشوند

Tax revenues are superior to other sources of income from the domestic economy for many reasons, including the ability to control them. The current state of Iran's economy and the imposed economic sanctions, as well as the instability of oil prices and oil revenues, have led to the non-realization of government revenue programs, and if such a trend continues in the long run, the country will face an economic crisis. One of the challenges of not implementing these programs is the unexpected behaviors that the economic system manifests itself over time. In this dissertation, a system dynamics approach that is able to display a multi-loop and multi-state structure and can model nonlinear feedback and time delays has been selected as a modeling tool. The impact of tax system reform on macroeconomic variables using a dynamic system approach. The main objective of this article is to examine the variables of the tax system on macroeconomic variables such as inflation rate, unemployment rate, and gross domestic product growth rate, and to provide a model for increasing tax revenue that leads to the selection of the best strategy for improving tax revenue. To achieve this, causal loops and stock-flow diagrams were first drawn for a ten-year period (1395-1404), and then the validity of the constructed model was tested for its dynamism. After simulating the model and analyzing the applied policies, finally, 23 strategies to improve the tax system are presented, which adopt each strategy that affects the performance of the tax system and some macroeconomic variables. Economic managers, based on the country's economic conditions and their valuable human resources, can adopt appropriate strategies and provide the conditions for improving the economic situation, including the country's financial revenues.

The rural entrepreneurial ecosystem plays a pivotal role in stimulating entrepreneurship and employment in rural areas. By leveraging entrepreneurship in rural regions, it is possible to address the challenges faced by these areas and create dynamic and innovative economies. Despite favorable climatic, geographic, connectivity, and accessibility conditions, Alborz province has experienced inappropriate economic conditions in its rural areas in recent years, including rising unemployment rates, low economic participation rates, and income disparities between rural and urban households. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the status of the rural entrepreneurial ecosystem in Alborz province as a key economic indicator.

This research was conducted within a quantitative research methodology. Data collection was carried out through a combination of library research and field surveys, with questionnaires being the primary tool in the field. The statistical population comprised the villages of Alborz province, from which a sample of 33 villages was selected. Using the Cochran formula, a sample size of 380 individuals was determined for completing the questionnaires. For data analysis, statistical tests such as chi-square, one-sample t-test, ANOVA, Duncan’s post hoc test, and Kriging interpolation were employed.

The research findings indicate that the rural entrepreneurial ecosystem in Alborz province is in a suboptimal state. Out of the ten key indicator groups examined, including business indicators, financial indicators, educational indicators, human capital indicators, support indicators, market and customer indicators, social indicators, cultural indicators, infrastructure indicators, and innovation, research, and development indicators, only two groups were found to be in a favorable condition, while the remaining eight groups were in an unfavorable state. Additionally, the geographical distribution of the rural entrepreneurial ecosystem's status varies across the province.

The presence of hard infrastructure such as access to transportation networks and urban centers is insufficient on its own to foster the development of an entrepreneurial ecosystem. Concurrently, the development of soft infrastructure, including financial services, education, various support systems, human and social capital, and research and development, must also be prioritized.

The dominant form of migration in developing countries, including Iran, is from the village to the city. However, during the past two decades, another pattern of migration, reverse migration, has occurred in rural areas in such a way that in the findings of the general population and housing census of 2012, the number of reverse migrants is higher than the rural-urban migration. In the whole city of Natanz, due to its location in the center of Isfahan province, the city of Isfahan has access to the markets of Isfahan, Badroud, Khaled Abad, Natanz, and Targhroud. On the other hand, the physical development of Isfahan and its economic and social relations have various characteristics. During the past years, reverse migration flow to urban and rural settlements has taken place in temporary and permanent forms. The general goal is to investigate and analyze the role of reverse migration in the economic development of villages in Natanz. From a practical point of view, the results of such research provide solutions to the country's managers to implement better planning to prevent migration and encourage migrants to return. Reverse migration is when people return to their first place (origin) after a long residence in another place (destination). In other interpretations and definitions, reverse migration is considered a reaction to creating attractiveness in rural areas, which emerges through the establishment of income in activities such as agriculture or animal husbandry, retirement, and sometimes due to the hardships of urban life; a process in which a person or persons, due to various reasons, return to their first place again from the place they have chosen as their new place.

This research is descriptive-analytical. The samples were based on Cochran's formula, and to complete the discussion, Krejcie and Morgan's sample size determination table was also used. Information was collected from 381 individuals across 24 villages through field surveys using a researcher-made questionnaire.

Regarding gender, 84.78% of the sample was male, and 15.22% were female. Also, 94.75% were married, and 5.25% were single. The age group included 3.93% 20-30 years old, 17.85% 31-40 years old, 28.08% 41-50 years old, 27.30% 60-51 years old, 22.83% 61 years old. Out of the total sample, 2.62% are illiterate, 27.82% have a diploma, and 36.49% have a bachelor's degree, master's degree, or higher.One sample t-test was used to study the factors affecting reverse migration. In order to evaluate the dimensions of the factors affecting the migration from the city to the village, the items were first oriented and it was combined as an average; considering the 5-point Likert scale in the research items, the number 3 was chosen as the theoretical median to evaluate the importance of the dimensions of the factors affecting reverse migration from the society's point of view. This research has been studied at a confidence level of 95%. Given the frequency of variables used for leveling (47 variables in the first step) and the importance of evaluating more important variables and determining the weight and importance of each variable, the factor analysis method was used. In this research, the exploratory factor analysis method was used to summarize data and identify causes. In order to determine the suitability of the collected data for factor analysis, the KMO coefficient and Bartlett's statistic, which were significant at the 1% level, were used, so they were suitable for factor analysis. By benefiting from the factor analysis technique in the principal factor analysis method, 6 factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 were extracted, and the variables for evaluating the dimensions of the factors affecting reverse migration were grouped in these factors based on the factorloading and after orthogonal factor rotation using the Varimax method. The 6 factors explained a total of 71.682% of the total variance related to the variables of factors affecting reverse migration.In this research, the basic theory is the theory of human capital, which was proposed by Larry Shasta. According to the theory of human capital, the return migration of people is formed in the hope of benefiting from more prosperity in the village. The result of the research shows that the reverse immigrants have been able to be effective in the economic sector in both capital and idea sectors. In fact, the innovation of this research can be that the economy is based on reverse migration, and if there is a correct plan and vision in the programs and among managers, it can cause the growth and development of villages.

Population relocation and migration is a sign of the continuity of human life, which has a history as old as humankind. People who consider the continuity of life, social and economic activities, and the field of effort limited and short for themselves in a geographical place start to migrate. Among the spatial-location features related to rural areas, "lack of welfare and civil services" has played a special role in the appearance of the driver of migration to the city. However, with the development of welfare-civil services and the increase in the income of the agricultural sector and belonging to the original birthplace, the return of immigrants to rural areas is provided. The results of this research are related to the research of Shaojun Chen and Wurong Liu (2020); urban repulsion factors and attraction factors play a role in the migration from the city to the countryside. It is associated with Stockdale's (2014) studies concerning urban repulsions, such as the inability to create jobs in cities and rural attractions, such as age and retirement. It is associated with the studies of Edival (2015) about urban repulsions such as lack of job security and rural attractions such as retirement. It is associated with the studies of Langroudi et al. (2012) in the field of rural attractions, such as obtaining more income, increasing relative welfare, and improving human dignity for migrants returning to rural areas. According to the studies of Afrakhteh et al. (2015), in economic and cultural-ethnic causes, the least impact on reverse migration from the city to the village is associated.

The object marker "râ" has been extensively studied in the realm of Persian speech syntax. It has been posited that this object marker serves various functions, including definiteness marking, specificity marking, topicalization, and discourse management. Given the significance of the object marker "râ" in Persian sentence structure, it has not been thoroughly explored from various semantic theoretical perspectives. As a result, this study addresses this gap by considering different semantic factors and approaches to examine the object marker "râ" in Persian speech.The primary objective of this study is to provide a description and analysis of the factors influencing the presence or absence of "râ" in the Persian language. To achieve this, we hypothesize that the semantic attributes of the direct object, the semantic characteristics of the direct verb, and the extent to which the direct object is affected by the verb are the three principal factors influencing the usage of "râ" in Persian.

Researches consider the green village as a way to sustainability, and while emphasizing the environmental aspect of green villages, they believe that this is a comprehensive model and its other dimensions, such as social, economic, cultural, etc., should not be neglected. And on the other hand, the factors affecting entrepreneurship were analyzed, and their summary is: skilled manpower, increasing the level of educational standards, holding entrepreneurship courses, financial capital, suitable cultural and social environment, financial and economic support, risk taking., personality traits, communication access, internet use, etc., among which economic factors have had a greater impact on the development of entrepreneurship.Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province (natural capital of Iran) and especially Dana city have many natural resources that can be examined from two aspects: exploitation of resources and protection and environmental problems related to resources. The entrepreneurial green village is known as a solution to overcome the current situation. The questions that are raised are: What is the status of the factors affecting the entrepreneur's green village in terms of importance and current situation? What are the most important factors affecting the entrepreneur's green village?

The research is applied in terms of purpose and single-section in terms of time, data collection is survey and descriptive and analytical by means of observation and questionnaire and data analysis method. 5 settlements were selected as samples and sampling was done by stratified random method with proportional assignment. Sampling was done at the village level based on population classes and at the household level with Cochran's formula and community variance, and a total of 332 completed questionnaires were obtained.

The results of the one-sample t-test showed that the current status of factors affecting the entrepreneurial green village in the study area is at a low level. The importance of the effective factors was used by step-by-step regression test and it is as follows: physical-infrastructural factors (0.46), economic factors (0.24), social factors (0.18) and institutional factors (0.12). These factors show a better situation in the two innocent villages of Bad Creek and Darshahi, which have more population and are closer to the city center than other villages.According to the respondents, the most important economic factors affecting the entrepreneur's green village are: supporting the commercialization of rural business ideas with an average of 4.84, and ownership of production resources (land and water, machinery, etc.) 4.81.The most important social factors: responsible behavior towards the environment 4.80. Encouraging exemplary rural entrepreneurs and introducing them to other villagers (in person, media, internet) 4.58.The most important institutional factors stated are:Institutional support for stable job opportunities 4.67. Cooperation of various relevant organizations in the direction of rural business development (governor's organization, agricultural jihad, rural cooperative, commerce, educational centers, local organizations,...) 4.43.The most important effective physical-infrastructural factor: development of physical communication infrastructure of the village (roads and communication roads with other rural and urban areas) 4.98.Descriptive findings of the current status of factors affecting the entrepreneurial green villageFrom the economic factors: the two factors of ownership of production resources with an average of 2.33 and granting loans and entrepreneurship facilities by the government with an average of 2.76 are at a higher level than the rest of the items.Among the social factors, encouragement of exemplary rural entrepreneurs and introducing them to other villagers (in person, media, internet) with an average of 2.93 and a shared view about the environment with an average of 2.96 are at a better level than the rest.The average of all items of institutional factors are at a level lower than 2. In relation to the existing situation of physical-infrastructural factors, the situation is the same. The status of all factors is at a low level.in one sample t - test, the mean and upper limit of all items were positive, so with 99 percent confidence, it is possible to say that the importance of factors is above average. finally, regarding the importance of the total factors affecting rural entrepreneurship, the average gained is 4.52. also, because the mean and upper limit of this item are both positive, so with 99 percent confidence, it can be said that the importance of total factors affecting rural entrepreneurship in the study area is above average.the average of the current status of effective factors in 1.83 is obtained which is lower than the theoretical mean of the society (3), since the upper and lower limit and also the mean difference are negative, so 99 percent confidence can be said that the current situation of the factors affecting the green village of the entrepreneur is low. all of the indicators of the present situation are far less than desired situation (importance).according to the results of beta coefficient, it can be said that the physical - infrastructural factor with the 0.46 coefficient is the most important factor in the development of entrepreneurial green village. after that, economic with the beta coefficient 0.24 percent, social with 0.18 and institutional coefficient with coefficient of 0.12 is.

The importance of all factors affecting the green village of the entrepreneur has been evaluated in an important level while the status quo of these factors is much lower than their importance, therefore, it is necessary to identify the responsible organizations for promoting the status quo of these factors: in the economic dimension: special protection of public and private sector of organic products production, creating sustainable small businesses and commercialization of green ideas through facilitating the reception and registration of brand and in social dimension: providing skills and entrepreneurship education.in general, the importance of all factors affecting the green village of the entrepreneur has been evaluated in an important level while the status quo of these factors is much lower than their importance.

One of the effective approaches to enhance the motivation of rural communities is to engage in entrepreneurial activities within the domain of rural tourism. In order to accomplish this objective, it is crucial to identify captivating destinations, evaluate the present condition of rural societies, and recognize the inherent talents and abilities of the rural inhabitants. The primary purpose of this study is to identify the prospects for the establishment of small and medium-sized enterprises focused on tourism within the villages of the Shemiranat region.

This descriptive-analytical research has a practical perspective in relation to its objectives. The statistical population comprises the villages situated in three rural districts, namely Lavasan bozorg, Lavasan Koochak, and Rudbar Qasran, which selected through the employment of spatial cluster sampling method. Furthermore samples were chosen based on their availability and utilizing the snowball method, resulting in a total sample size of 313 participants. Data collection was conducted using field studies and a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability and validity of the data collection tools were determined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and content validity method. The gathered data was subjected to analysis employing the T-paired test within the SPSS 22 software.

The findings of the study revealed the identification of 6 indicators and 84 components, which were recognized as potential opportunities for the advancement of small to medium-sized enterprises in the examined villages. These opportunities were assessed by means of a questionnaire. Following an expert review, the number of components reduced to 80. The questionnaire's validity was substantiated by the application of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, yielding a value of 0.85. Among the opportunities for tourism development, the following categories were deemed suitable: economic, social-cultural, infrastructural-opportunity, spatial, psychological, and attractive opportunities. Based on the T-paired test, the most crucial opportunities were determined to be the attractive, psychological, and infrastructural ones.

The villages of the Shemiranat region offer noteworthy prospects across multiple dimensions for the advancement of tourism. These opportunities possess the potential to serve as a catalyst for fostering economic expansion.

Basic question: “How have the dynamism and scientific development of geography been influenced by the dominant approach adopted by Iranian geographers for diversity in the main elements of the published interdisciplinary geography-entrepreneurship papers?” The abstracts of the papers, which had summarized their main contents, were reviewed in order to report their level of diversity in terms of objective, result, topic, area, participants and the entrepreneurship variable type, as the greater diversity in these categories in original scientific works shows the researchers' profundity and efforts to cover more issues and respond to more efficient approaches in society. From the points about the development and dynamism of geography, the following seven concepts are obtained as the signs of its dynamism and development:Removal of specialization-caused limitations,
Contribution to content extension and researchers' profundity,
Diversification of problem solving methods,
Solving new scientific problems,
Diversification of scientific subjects,
Changing the researchers' perspectives towards issues, and
Expanding the area of science.
Geography considers entrepreneurship as a phenomenon that underlies the development of society, especially in deprived areas. It tries to plan its development process in Iran by identifying its factors, capacities and obstacles, as well as the quality of the factors in terms of being natural or human and internal or external, and presenting a development model for it.

This study is based on the meta-analysis method, and its data were collected through the documentary method.
A total of 27 active journals were identified in the first step, and then the relevant terms were searched in the website of each journal. More detailed information was obtained through the advanced search of the websites about the use of the word entrepreneurship among the keywords of papers and they were sorted by chronological order. At this stage, a total of 108 science research papers which had used the word entrepreneurship as one of their keywords were identified. Since this study focuses on the works of geographers, the authors' expertise in geography was also checked. Of the initial number of the papers, 91 papers (84.25%) had been written by Iranian authors and published in geographical journals. The number of research samples was determined 73 papers (over 80%) based on the Morgan table. Titles and abstracts of the papers were selected and studied in order to collect statistical data, as the abstract of any scientific paper has to be written within clear frameworks that researchers and journals are required to observe, and it must sum up the whole content of the paper, although it had not been observed in some cases. The content analysis method was used in this study for data analysis purpose. The sampling unit was the abstracts of the papers prepared by the author(s), and the registration unit consisted of the research objectives, research methods, analysis methods, findings, results (achievements), suggestions extracted from the research abstracts, as well as the topics of the studies, which could be extracted from the titles in the most cases. Research codes were exploratory, and each and every new codeword was written down, and if a single word or a synonym of it was replicated, it was added to the code number.

An Overview of All Categories
According to )T7(, the difference between the actual situation (85 scores) and the desired situation (370 scores) is 285 scores, which means the loss of a 77% score of diversity approach in the papers. Another notable result is that if we subtract the total actual scores (58.77, Column 5 of T7) from 370 (only 15.9% of the total capacity scores of the codes in all categories), the resulting figure will be 311.226.
Assessing the total codes and scores obtained from the papers shows two noticeable points. First, 370 new and diverse codes could have been obtained in the 73 geography-entrepreneurship interdisciplinary papers of Iranian geographers to achieve the essential diversity for the scientific development of geography; however, a total of 85 codes (23%) were actually obtained. Second, many of these codes were replicate codes, and replication was not a sign of the importance of the topic and even the existence of a difference in attitude in the dimensions of the topic. Although this was not discussed in this paper, it is confirmed by the initial reviews. The reasons for the replication of some codes need to be explored even in such a limited community in order for the society, publishers and researchers to benefit from it. However, the current study shows that the replication of some codes brought the authors only nearly 59 scores in terms of diversity, and they have lost a larger part of it, approximately equal to 311.5 scores. This indicates a lack of diversity approach in the papers.

The findings of this study show that Iranian geographers have achieved part of the desired success through the geography-entrepreneurship inter-discipline; however, more changes are needed for them to achieve the deserving position and provide appropriate and timely responses and solutions to the current problems and needs of society.

Livestock and poultry production and supply is one of the significant food sectors in which more production can lead to a decrease in dependence on exports and earning foreign exchange. Poultry farming is a vital industry for sustainable food supply in all countries. In this research, intelligent applications and solutions in the poultry industry are identified and prioritized using the simultaneous evaluation of criteria and alternatives (SECA) methodbased on criteria representing the sustainable development. Analysis showed that eighteenprincipalfieldsof intelligent solutions are identified in the poultry industry. The weights obtained for sustainable development criteria based on the SECA method are economic (0.351), social (0.3383), and environmental (0.3065) in order of value. Economic sustainability should be most importantinimplementing smart solutions-based projects in the poultry industry. One of the main challenges of the agricultural sector, especially the poultry industry, is traditional production utilization which leads to the overuse of land capacity. Also, the globalization trends, climate changes, moving from a fossil fuel-based economy to an environment-based economy, competition for land, freshwater, and labor shortage have led to more complications in supplyingnutrition. Considering the potential of smart solutions in realizing sustainable development objectives, it is suggested to focus more on the environmental aspects of poultry industry projects.

The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between psychological well-being and academic involvement mediated by sports enthusiasm in students. The research method was descriptive-correlational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all female high school students in Boroujerd city in the academic year 1401-1400, in which 450 people were randomly selected as a sample. Research data were collected using questionnaires of psychological well-being, academic involvement and sports enthusiasm. Data were analyzed using structural equation method. The results of structural equation modeling showed that psychological well-being has a significant direct effect on students' academic engagement. Psychological wellbeing also has a significant effect on academic conflict indirectly through sports enthusiasm. The results show that considering the variables of psychological well-being and sports enthusiasm, we can expect an increase in students' academic engagement.

Response variables in most medical and health-related research have an ordinal nature.Conventional modeling methods assume predictor variables to be independent, and consider a large number of samples (n) compared to the number of covariates (p). Therefore, it is not possible to use conventional models for high dimensional genetic data in which p > n. The present study compared the predictive performance of decision trees, ordinal forest, and L1 penalized continuation ratio regression.

In the present study, three data sets were used. The B-cell data contained 12,625 gene expression data related to 128 patients with four ordinal levels of response variables. The HCC data related to liver cancer included 1469 genes of 56 patients with three ordinal levels of response variables. The Heart data contained information of five variables in 294 patients undergoing angiography with five ordinal levels of response variables. The performance of the methods was compared based on the same training and test datasets using indicators such as accuracy, gamma, and kappa.

For two high-dimensional data sets, the ordinal forest model had a higher predictive ability while for the low-dimensional data set, the L1 penalized continuation ratio model had a better predictive performance.

The selection of the best prediction model depends on the data set, and for each data, different methods should be considered to achieve the best model.

Preceptors are one of the important factors affecting the quality of clinical education. This study sought to investigate the role of preceptor in surgical technologist students' satisfaction with clinical education course in Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted as a census among undergraduate students of surgical technology at Yazd University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2018 (80 samples). A standard questionnaire including items about the satisfaction with instructor and the demographic characteristics of the students and the instructor was completed by the students. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

In general, 31 students (43%) had high satisfaction, 22 students (31%) had moderate satisfaction and 19 students (26%) had low satisfaction with their instructor role. Satisfaction with the female instructor was lower than the male instructor in all areas (mean score of satisfaction with the male instructor was 33 and female instructor was 29). The highest score of satisfaction was related to the social etiquette and behavior of the instructor and mutual respect (with an average of 3.7). The main dissatisfaction of students was inappropriate evaluation (with an average of 2.7).

The clinical instructor should be more sensitive to the type of communication with the student and keeping in mind that motivating of students is an indispensable part of their learning. A comprehensive framework for evaluating students and monitoring its implementation by the instructor should be set throughout university. Clinical preceptors who have enough time to train students should be selected.

Today, confronting the human-caused and natural hazards are inevitable, thus the best measure to be taken is the accumulation of resources and productivity management. The current study aimed at introducing an exhaustive model using presented frameworks in creative destruction theory to prevent businesses’ weakness, to make them more dynamic, and to use rural resources in economic in favor of regional and rural development. Creative destruction is seen as the beginning of modern economic growth which is based on inevitable by-products in the innovation and development process, and acceptance of free trade and infrastructures of a knowledge-based economy. Schumpeter’s creative destruction includes periods including “ pre-destruction”: when there is a need for evolution because of the inefficiency of the current structures. “destruction” period: when the presented innovation enters the market and destroys the old structure. “creativity” period: innovation makes the organization more dynamic than before, and at the end “ continuous development”: innovation converts into a permanent flow described in the model. This is developmental research. The data were collected using national authentic documents. The data were analyzed using the descriptive-analytical method. The proposed model corresponds to the current condition of Iran. Results showed that the signs of Schumpeter's theory can be seen in the economy of Iran. It seems Iran is in the “ pre-destruction” period and there are some signs of “ destruction” period. The obtained model for activating rural forces and defining the kind of relationship and cooperation of large economic units corresponds with rural resources, economic conditions, and rural regions. For going through primary periods of the model and reaching developmental periods, creative framework, and entrepreneurial economy of Schumpeter's theory help problems to be recognized and make programs consistent.

Reverse migration is a spontaneous thing that, if it continues, can be a very effective way to revitalize villages and give new life to the identity and function of the village. In this study, due to the necessity of the issue, it tries to analyze the factors affecting the growth of reverse migration to the suburban settlements of Najafabad. This research is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-descriptive in terms of method. The required data was collected through documentary methods and field survey.The statistical population of the study is 11662 people and 3550 households living in rural areas of Sadeghieh district, of which 370 household heads were selected as the sample size using Cochran's formula. The instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was formalized and confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha formula for different dimensions between 0.922 and 0.710. The questionnaire was distributed based on the distribution in proportion to the population of the village and was done completely randomly among the heads of households. One-sample t-test was used to analyze the results and Spss software was used for all analyzes. The results show that the main factors in the population of suburban villages of Sadeghieh district are due to (economic) factors with the impact of the role of job necessity and proximity to the workplace, (social) factors with the impact of returning to their homeland, (cultural) factors Indigenous residents of their martyr, as a rural example of Hajiabad with 101 martyrs, are the factors (environment) of low population density, factors (infrastructure) of the village being located on the roads of the province and the city. According to the results, practical suggestions were presented.

Objective (s):

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death. Cancer is the third leading cause of death in Iran. The goal of this study was to identify the trends in cancer mortality by age and sex in Iran from 2011 to 2018.

We analyzed cancer mortality data available in the Civil Registration Organization. A total of 278301 cancer deaths were registered in this database during 2011-2018. The rate of cancer deaths was then compared by age, sex, and time.  

The cancer death rate (per 100,000) has increased from 38 in 2011 to 47 in 2017. The mean age of mortality by cancer, death rate, and its increase was higher among men than women. Premature death due to cancer has increased from 420 to 530 thousand person-years of life during 2011 to 2016, respectively. This increase was mainly due to an increase in adulthood cancer and old age, especially among the male gender.

Cancer deaths have increased in Iran since cancer has increased in the country as an epidemiological transition consequence. To overcome such excess mortality preventive measures are recommended.

Rural women are the carriers of traditional culture and art of Iranian ethnicities inherited naturally and mainly through generations. Iranian rich and native culture can creatively be presented and protected; this can lead the unemployment to be erased, especially in rural areas, while at the same time rural businesses can thrive by promoting the potential of rural entrepreneurial women.

This was a descriptive-analytic study aiming to describe the primary and secondary factors involved in the marketing mix of Iranian local art businesses using a consent-based Likert scale questionnaire developed by Mobaraki et al. (2016). A total of 28 local art entrepreneurs responded to the questionnaire in Tehran and across Iran. The five primary components called 5C including the "networking and communications", "content of local artwork", "creativity", "cultural value" and "artwork creator" and 32 related items were evaluated.

The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with the Cronbach's alpha of 0.94. Data were analyzed by comparing the means of variables using the Friedman test. The most influential subset in the marketing mix of local art businesses was related to the category of the artwork content, composition and harmony. And the impact of other elements was also determined by considering their impact factors through mean comparison using the Friedman test.

There were plenty of shortcomings observed in the theoretical foundations of marketing the artworks and traditional arts, while the number of women active in manufacturing marketing traditional arts and participating in the relevant research processes was very limited.

Relying on the findings of this research and the model presented for the entrepreneurial marketing mix of traditional rural women's arts as well as training, we can expand business establishments active in marketing and also enhance the selling artworks and traditional arts.

The results of this research can be applied in marketing the traditional artworks of Iranian rural women.

  For decision making and health policy planning it is quite important to know causes of death for every community. This study aimed to investigate death statistics in Ilam province, Iran. Data were extracted from the Ilam death registry developed by the Iran's Vital Registration Organization. Deaths in 20 groups of causes according to the international classification of diseases-10 [ICD-10] were analyzed. The percentage of each cause is determined by gender and age. The sex ratio index and years of life lost due to premature death also were estimated for each group of causes. There were about 2500 death records annually in the registry system. Majority of deaths occurred due to chronic non-communicable diseases. Accidents and respiratory disorders had a high proportion in the mortality transition in Ilam province. Three main causes of deaths included neuropathic diseases. At older age, non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular and among youth the social problems, including unpredictable events, violence by others and suicide were the main factor in the loss of human capital. Epidemiological transition occurred in causes of mortality in Ilam province, Iran. The major contribution of non-communicable diseases and emerging social problems to deaths requires through examination of health policies that address social, psychological and preventive factors.

Entrepreneurship is an important factor in changing villages attracting institutions and individuals that are involved in rural development planning. In parallel, the rural tourism is considered to be a source of entrepreneurship and change. The present paper sought to investigate how an opportunistic idea could create a suitable route for stimulating the rural economic development and creating a movement in the surrounding spatial flow. The paper aimed to examine regional economy sectors that were developed by the tourism. Abbas Barzegar's tourism village, located in Bazm Village of Bavanat County and its effects on the village and rural area of Bavanat are investigated by the field study through the observation, questionnaires and interviews. Activities of this complex and other similar practices can create a variety of economic movements in favor of rural development in this space. Economic and social changes after the activation of this complex were compared to the previous state. The collected data indicated that tourism activities of this complex were able to be linked to other economic sectors to develop the rural area of Bazm village. The most important observed consequences included foreign tourists' visits, the boom in domestic tourists' visits, selling handicrafts and local cuisine, and the value added production. The major effects included higher trans-regional communication and created financial and commodity exchanges in the area and beyond it. Therefore, the focus on the development of rural tourism can activate positive flows of rural spatial economics by applying existing factors in the village such as natural landscapes, traditions and customs of peasant and nomadic cultural elements, which have not been counted as sources, as well as the rural labor force.

So far, in our country several studies have been done on the impact of entrepreneurship education on the various dimensions of personality and skill training of students. However, this attention is not focused on the entrepreneurship education of high school students, while the perception of young entrepreneurship leads to better results in adulthood. Entrepreneurship is being taught in Iran high schools in the form of ‘Entrepreneurship and Production Workshop’. The syllabus of this course underscores the acquisition of various skills and abilities. The question is, are these skills able to prepare students to participate in school affairs and solve its problems as the first serious context where they can get involved? The tool for gathering data was Likert five-point scale questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed among 53 eleventh graders as the experimental group, and among 47 tenth graders as the control group. Academic professionals approved of the validity of the questionnaires, and Cronbach’s alpha confirmed their reliability at 0.894. Mann-Whitney U test was chosen to evaluate the difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of the effect of entrepreneurship on the empowerment. The results showed that there exists difference between experimental and control groups regarding 5 variables, i.e. team work, ability to state the problems and their solutions, ability to discuss and evaluate, participation in school affairs, ability to impress friends, and ability to impress school staff. Spearman rho test was employed to evaluate the correlation of empowerment with participation in school affairs; the test showed better results for the experimental group in comparison with the control group. Under favorable circumstances, the eleventh graders manage to solve the school problems.

The structure and components of government revenues are of great importance in the public-sector economy. In the present study, the main purpose is to provide a model for prioritizing the strategies to increase tax revenues. In order to identify the variables affecting tax revenue, Delphi method is employed with reference to the related review of literature. This research, as the objective reveals, is an applied one, conducted via descriptive-survey method; in addition, the effect of each factor on the others is investigated through Fuzzy DEMATEL approach. The obtained results show that the most influential solutions to increase tax revenues are e-Tax, VAT and VAT on petroleum products, human resources development, capital gain tax in housing sectors, aggregated tax, aggregated business tax and also tax exemptions, social welfare, etc. Using modern systems and electronic tools can significantly reduce or sometimes prevent the development of tax evasion and underground economy.

Although a huge number of programs, especially religious talk shows are produced with aim of actualizing the Islamic lifestyle criteria in people's lives by IRIB, questionnaires worrying records about the youth lack of tendency in watching religious talk shows. Accordingly, this study was conducted to discover the elements leading to the young generation’s unwillingness in choosing religious talk shows as their favorite choice. In order to achieve useful findings, the qualitative method of researching was chosen. Then, in order for gathering practical information, the researchers decided on in-depth interviews with young audiences in order to scrutinize the weak points of religious talk shows. Through the interviewees’ viewpoints of the probable defects of these programs, were clarified and some of their major shortcomings were listed; such as lack of creativity, invention and attraction in all parts of the programs, providing the programs in a monotonous way during several years, and ignoring the youth generation demands and motifs in the production procedure. Concentrating on the results of this research and trying to apply the suggestions, will bring about interest in young audiences to oppose the Islamic theology, and to use them in different aspects of social and individual lives.

New approaches of development, with particular emphasis on the involvement of stakeholders in the development process and the development agenda, So on; participatory methods have been considered in different aspects of development. Since entrepreneurship is one of facilitator and promoter of rural development, we try to explore the possibilities of collaborative entrepreneurship in Iranian villages. Thus the hypothesis of this study is: The first, participatory approach to entrepreneurship is reasonably fit. Second, due to the lack of infrastructure needs for participatory development, the best strategy is to diversify. The study population for this survey consists of 53 entrepreneurs and the same number of control group to compare the results which has been completed with the analysis of 13 questionnaires filled by local governor.Spss software was used to analyze data. To examine the possibility of applying corporative management method for entrepreneuring, we chose some strategic assessment modals along with a questionnaire. The final modal in this section was SWOT and two prioritizing and scoring methods by ANP technique with super decision software were used to increase precision. Finally, two mentioned methods showed that the grounds necessary to apply corporative methods of empowerment, the experts believe, but they core not in ideal situation.