زهرا علیزاده بیرجندی

The increasing rate of suicide among teenagers is considered an important issue at the global health level. The aim of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy. The research methodology was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with experimental and control groups. The socio-statistics of this research were all male students aged 15 to 18 who had a history of suicidal activity who studied in the Tabadakan district of Mashhad in the academic year of 1401-1402, out of which 40 people were obtained as a sample and in two groups were tested. They were controlled. The experimental group received treatment (CBT-SP) for 12 sessions of 60 minutes in a group and one-session weeks; the control group was placed on the waiting list. Using the data collected using the inferred (CFI) of Dennis and Vanderwaal (2010) and the identified self-criticism (LOSC) of Thomson and Zaroff (2004), their reliability was determined using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.81 and 0.82 respectively. Analysis of covariance was analyzed. The results of CBT-SP show a significant increase in cognitive acceptance scores, controllability perception components, behavior justification perception, various choices to reduce and become self-critical, internal self-criticism, and external self-criticism. Given that cognitive-behavioral therapy for suicide prevention (CBT-SP) has been shown to improve student recovery in students with self-motivated abilities, this treatment can help as a clinical intervention to reduce suicidal behaviors.

The archival centers and personal archives of Shia scholars contain valuable documents and records that offer a wealth of cultural, social, historical, and religious information. Among these documents are those belonging to the Ayati Birjandi Family, which shed light on the social, political, and cultural aspects of the Birjand community and the family's role in various fields. This article seeks to highlight the significance of these documents in cultural, social, and religious history studies through thematic categorization and content analysis. Family documents are integral to historical research as they provide insights into the lives of individuals and offer a window into the social, political, cultural, and economic history of the society they inhabited. By categorizing and analyzing the diverse topics covered in family documents, researchers can uncover overlooked aspects in both local and national historical studies.

Given the significance of family documents in local historical research, this article aims to address the following inquiries by conducting a genealogical analysis of the Ayati family documents: What genealogical details do the Ayati family documents contain as a family linked to the class of religious scholars? What is the importance of Ayati family documents in historical research? In the context of this study, a thesis titled “Sheikh Mohammad Bagher Ayati and the Socio-Cultural Transformations of Birjand” has been developed, focusing on the social landscape of the region with an emphasis on documents in the fourth chapter (Khosravi Minakhoo, 2012, pp. 60-77). Additionally, an article titled "The Position of the Answers of the Scholars of Qaenat" has been included in the South Khorasan Studies Journal, highlighting the responses of this family among various documents (Alizadeh Birjandi et al., 2013). The Ayati family members, particularly Mohammad Bagher and Sheikh Mohammad Hossein, have bequeathed a plethora of documents that, upon scrutiny and analysis, unveil the social, political, and cultural facets of the Birjand community and the diverse roles these scholars played in various domains.
The remaining documents from the aforementioned family are classified as follows:Endowment Documents: In certain instances, the responsibility for administering the endowment rested with the endower themselves. Subsequently, this responsibility would be passed on to their male descendants. Conversely, in other cases, the management of the endowment was entrusted to third parties.
Social Documents: These records encompass a range of subjects including public welfare, religious harmony, marriage, and the resolution of disputes among individuals.
Fatwas: These documents consist of judgments issued by scholars from the Ayati family in response to religious and legal inquiries.
Economic Documents: These records pertain to matters such as leasing agreements, commercial transactions, and the collection of funds for religious purposes.
Political Documents: Some of these texts were formulated in response to requests from governmental bodies at either the central or local level. Others document political events and conflicts.
Correspondence: The exchange of amicable letters, be it in prose or poetry, among poets and intellectuals is termed as correspondence. Within the Ayati family archives, there exist a number of correspondence documents, primarily associated with Mohammad Hossein Ayati. These missives touch upon various subjects—ranging from personal and familial matters to social issues and even political intricacies of the era. One such letter reveals the challenges faced by the writer: “I am currently under scrutiny for not aligning with popular sentiments and not pandering to the prevailing regime, much like the esteemed late servant, Haj Sheikh Mohammad Bagher, who encountered similar backlash.”

The research findings illustrate the esteemed position of the Ayati family in addressing social, judicial, and humanitarian issues, as well as religious matters and their influence on regional decision-making in political, social, and economic spheres.

From the collection of documents of the Ayati family utilized in this study, it is evident that in the realms of social, economic, endowment-related, theological, political, and familial matters, there are documents that upon scrutiny and analysis of their content, reveal the economic and social conditions of the people in the region during the Qajar and early Pahlavi eras. The diversity of documents reflects the social, political, and economic functions of the scholars of this family among the masses, both rich and poor. The abundance of endowment documents in the archival centers and personal archives of this family speaks to the longstanding tradition of endowments in the region and the strong faith of its people, highlighting the role and function of this family in society. The content analysis of the economic documents of this family sheds light on the economic interactions among the people and their livelihoods, primarily focused on agricultural aspects. Additionally, the type and amount of funds allocated to religious scholars indicate the financial constraints faced by the people, alongside their steadfastness in religious matters. Furthermore, the variety and abundance of these documents demonstrate the economic roles of these scholars. The study of political documents remaining from this family indicates their significant role in regional political matters. Due to their social influence, the central government and local authorities valued the political opinions of the Ayati family. For instance, in the case of the succession of Mohammad Ibrahim Alim and the matter of the endowment deed, both local authorities and the central government sought the opinion of Mohammad Bagher. The endorsement of the endowment deed by Mohammad Bagher led to the stabilization of Mohammad Ibrahim Khan's rule in Birjand and Qaenat. Additionally, Sheikh Mohammad Hossein's role in supporting the national front of Qaenat and advocating for the nationalization of oil, as well as his struggle against British factors, reflects the political situations in the region and his role in awakening the people of the Qaenat region. The examination of responses to theological inquiries also highlights the unparalleled position of the scholars of the Ayati family in resolving religious queries, as well as their role in addressing social issues.

Suicide models suggest that attempts occur when individuals have both a desire to die and the acquired capability for suicide, such as fearlessness about death (FAD), which is crucial for transitioning from suicidal desire to action (Ferm et al., 2022). This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Acquired Capability for Suicide-Fearless About Death (ACSS-FAD) scale based on the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS), assessing its factor structure, reliability, and validity among Iranian students. The ACSS-FAD was translated into Persian using back-translation and administered to 380 students from counseling clinics at Ferdowsi University, Imam Reza University, and Hakim Razavi University in Mashhad during the 2022-2023 academic year. Construct and convergent validity were evaluated through data analysis. Cronbach's alpha for all subscales and the overall scale indicated satisfactory psychometric properties across genders and the total sample. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the factor structure with good fit indices. Correlation patterns between subscales and the convergent validity with the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation demonstrated good validity. The Persian version of the ACSS-FAD shows good reliability and validity in the Iranian population, serving as a useful tool for screening and assessing imminent suicide risk in clinical and research settings.

A large proportion of the healthcare workforce reports significant distress and burnout, which can lead to poor patient care. Several psychological interventions, one of the psychological interventions is integrated therapy, which can be effective in improving mental fatigue and stress tolerance. So, the purpose of research is to investigate the effectiveness of integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy with acceptance and commitment-based therapy on reduce Psychological Distress and mental fatigue in nurses with burnout symptoms in Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad city.

The research was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test study with a control group. The statistical population was all female nurses working in Imam Reza Hospital which had symptoms of burnout, and so 30 nurses were selected by purposeful sampling considering the inclusion criteria and then randomly divided into an experimental and a control group. Subjects of both groups responded to Meshach Job Burnout Inventory, Smits et al.'s Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Before and after the intervention. After the pre-test, therapeutic intervention was provided to the experimental group twice a week for 10 sessions of 45 minutes.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups after the combined treatment intervention in terms of Psychological Distress and mental fatigue in nurses with signs of job burnout .

suggested to use CBT-ACT in a continuous and regular manner in hospitals and universities in the form of training classes in order to reduce Psychological Distress and mental fatigue and job burnout.

The delayed emergence of the concept of violence, its cultural roots, and the importance of this issue in contemporary studies underscore the necessity of adopting a historical approach when examining this phenomenon. Violence manifests in various forms, including verbal, physical, and different types of individual, group, and family violence. Given the diversity of violence and the differences in its mechanisms and actors, this research aims to identify the various forms of violence and violent acts, along with the reasons for their emergence, by providing examples from the Qajar era. This study employs a descriptive-analytical method, relying on Slavic Žižek's theory of violence. The findings indicate the influence of rigid public cultural structures, power relations, and the discursive atmosphere of the Qajar era, all of which contributed to the use of violence as a means to consolidate power by repressive and disciplinary forces, enforce laws, attack the status quo, and subjugate individuals. These factors facilitated the manifestation of violence in various forms of violent actions.

AbstractThe present article, which has been written with a prescriptive approach, is devoted to the content analysis of the manuscript " recruitment " written and translated by Abbas Gholi Khan Kalati. The author of this work went to Istanbul to learn military techniques and after returning to Iran to inform his compatriots about the situation of the military forces and how to train the troops of foreign countries and the rules of recruitment in the Ottoman and other countries has compiled this work . The present study, which is written by content analysis method , the findings of these studies indicate the author's pathological view in explaining the causes of hatred of military service and the shortcomings of the recruitment method in Iran. In this regard, while sanctifying military service, he has provided solutions to organize the service of the recruitment system in Iran , by adapting the methods of recruitment in the Ottoman Empire.

Introduction During the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, some institutions and those involved in charity affairs dealt with the problem of begging and dealing with the affairs of beggars. This approach is worthy of consideration because it indicates the emergence of new attitudes in the field of good affairs and solving social problems. The complexity of the dimensions of begging, the existence of professional beggars, and the variety of begging types provide challenges for benefactors in managing the affairs of beggars. Charities gradually adopted a special management style to solve such challenges by adopting special measures and fixing in their statutes. This research is a reflection on the functioning of charities in the affairs of beggars and the evaluation of the challenges faced by them in the Qajar and Pahlavi periods. Method This research, compiled with the descriptive-analytical method and using archival documents, seeks to answer the reasons for the benefactors' approach to the affairs of beggars, and how they function in the management of beggars. In this article, the management style of two examples of charities whose measures have been effective in solving some of the challenges of organizing the affairs of beggars has been proposed. Findings Some charities active in the affairs of beggars made changes in their goals and performance by replacing quality activities based on intelligent support instead of physical giving. Result The management style of the charities studied in this research is based on the classification of beggars and their organization based on the indicators of each skill training efficiency.The way of managing the charities that have been introduced as a model in this research is based on several principles as follows:-Research and review the quality of entitlement of the covered people,- Separation of beggars: separating children, separating women and men, separating beggars who are able to work from beggars who are disabled.- Teaching the necessary skills to beggars and creating business for them.

Fotovatnamehs (letters of chivalry) are one of the influential written legacies in the culture and civilization of Iran and Islam. The breadth of themes and contents of fotovatnamehs has made researchers in various fields interested in them. The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the potential of fotovatnamehs from the perspective of being a type of ritual literature. This paper tries to study and reflect on the ritual characteristics of these texts by adopting a descriptive-analytical method and using the criteria of religiosity based on Glock and Stark’s theory. The findings show that among the dimensions of religiosity, the ritual dimension and consequences dimension indicate the ritual content of fotovatnamehs more than other measures of religiosity.

One of the important topics in the study of local history of Khorasan is research on the economic history of Khorasan . Due to the importance of such research, the present article is dedicated to the study of Mashhad businesses in the Pahlavi era. Based on the objectives of the research in this article, the commercial activities of Mashhad businesses and the various functions of traders have been analyzed and studied. This research is descriptive - analytical and is based on the archival documents of Astan Quds and the National Library and some local documents. The results of this study indicate the connections and interactions of Mashhad businesse s with other cities in the country such as Tehran, Rasht, Yazd, Birjand, as well as trade relations and their exchanges with businesses such as Russia and Germany . In addition, the findings of this study show that Mashhad businesses in the study period, in addition to commercial functions, have various functions in social areas, including the participation of businessmen in social affairs and everything related to the welfare of Mashhad citizens. An example of this function can be seen in the construction of schools, mosques and baths, houses, stairs, caravanserais, etc., which participated. Among the political functions, we can mention the protesting letters of the merchants to the government and the organized efforts of the merchants and bazaars to form the Bar Association, establish the council, participate in anti-authoritarian groups such as the National Front, the Freedom Movement, and so on.

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Given the importance of identifying at-risk individuals, it is necessary to have valid assessment tools. The aim of the present study, using an Iranian student population, was to investigates the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ) based on the Interpersonal Suicide Theory (IPTS).

Using translation and back-translation method, the English version of INQ was translated into the Persian language. The sample consisted of 378 students from three universities who were asked to complete the research measures including INQ, Beck Suicide Inventory and Beck Hopelessness Scale. The psychometric properties were then assessed through internal consistency, test-retest, content validity, construct validity and convergent validity methods.

Cronbach's alpha values were favorable for all subscales and the whole scale in both genders and all participants. The factor structure of the scale, using confirmatory factor analysis, showed acceptable material fit. Moreover, the correlation coefficients between the subscales and convergent validity with Beck Suicide Inventory and Beck Hopelessness Scale demonstrated the validity of the scale.

In addition to the role of textbooks in conveying information and understanding the curriculum, they can effectively socialize and institutionalize social values. Textbooks and their illustrations have a lasting effect on learners’ attitudes and behavioral patterns by inducing content and concepts. One of the categories worth studying to understand these functions is how gender is reflected in textbook images. Therefore, in the present study, the images of elementary school books of the Pahlavi period have been examined in terms of gender and gender roles. This descriptive-analytical study aims to evaluate the role of textbook images in redefining gender roles and gender modeling of learners. The findings of this study show the effect of the presence of gender stereotypes in terms of the role and position of the two sexes in the family and the social system. The gender structure of the textbook images of the Pahlavi period indicates the limitation of the presence of women in the historical, political, scientific, and intellectual fields.

Lifestyle is an interdisciplinary category that has attracted the attention of sociologists, psychologists, and other humanities researchers in recent years. This topic is also important in the study of cultural and social history from various aspects. The present article intends to show the perspective of lifestyle and factors of change in the Qajar period by examining nutrition patterns, clothing style, leisure time and people's beliefs in the Qajar period. The findings of this study show the impact of class status, gender and religious beliefs on lifestyle differentiation in this period. In addition, the relationship with the West and the advent of modernity has played a key role in the evolution of the lifestyle patterns of Qajar Iranians

The spam of the study is from history of old Persia,Iran after Islam to Pahlavi Synasty. The present research,Which is based on a descriptive and analytic method,examines the verbal and written symbols and signs and tries to investigate effective factors in transformation of the body of kings in Iran. The spam of the study is from history of old Persia,Iran after Islam to Pahlavi Synasty. The present research,Which is based on a descriptive and analytic method,examines the verbal and written symbols and signs and tries to investigate effective factors in transformation of the body of kings in Iran. The results indicates that Farrreh in ancient Iran gives aholy significance to the body of kings.the continuity of this thought in Islamic period in combination with the thought to Shadow of God of limity to plays an important role some of the changes up such as foreign attacks,social changes, the rise to safavids,modernity and the thoughts of constitutionalists have got a great influence on transformation of the body of the King

One of the main goals of religious education is to transfer the knowledge of religion, to develop and make students religious. In achieving these goals, the textbooks and teachings contained in it have a special place. Examining how religious propositions formulated in textbooks can be a criterion for evaluating the manifestations of religiosity in these texts. Since the measurement of religiosity is one of the main concerns of researchers in the field of religion, so the present article tries to examine the position of the dimensions of religiosity in these works by conducting a case study in the textbooks of Shar‘iyāt during the first Pahlavi period and the first decade of the second Pahlavi. The theoretical foundations of this paper are based on the views of Glock and Stark on the dimensions of religiosity. The findings of this study indicate the dominance of the ritual dimension of religion in the book of Shar‘iyāt of the second to sixth grades during the years 1306-1310 ASH and the combination of the intellectual and consequential dimension in 1317. However, in the book of Ta‘līmāt-e Dīnī (Religious Teachings) of the second grade in 1328  ASH, due to the reliance of the topics of this book on rational arguments, the empirical and doctrinal dimension of religiosity has a prominent effect.

Suicidal behaviors are considered as one of the mental health problems .The interpersonal theory of suicide has provided a promising perspective for understanding suicide behavior.Since the patterns of suicidal behavior and related interventions are not the same for all cultural groups, this study aimed to answer the question of whether the interpersonal model of suicide is also fited in Iranian cultural context.

The purpose of this study was descriptive-correlational in terms of the purpose of fundamental research and in terms of data collection method which was done on 400 students of Mashhad University using Beck Suicide Thought Scale (BSSI). Interpersonal Suicide Needs (INQ) was administered in the 2016-2017 academic year and path analysis were used to analyze the data.

Data analysis showed that the perceived burdensomeness coefficient to suicidal thoughts was 0.58, also significant by the t-test (p <0.05, t = 13.32) and the coefficient of thwarted belongingness path coefficient was 0.12. And is statistically significant (t = 2.65, p <0.05). 78% of the variance in suicide attempt scores was explained by two exogenous variables and one mediator variable namely perceived overburden, unaccompanied suicide and suicidal thoughts; 41% of the variance in suicidal thoughts scores through perceived overload and unaccompanied suicidal ideation.

The interpersonal model of suicide in Iranian society is well matched .so it can be used in clinical and therapeutic settings to assess suicide risk factors and suicidal tendency in individuals.

Political advice, as the legacy of Iranian political thought, has an important place in historical studies and political science. One of the most important periods in examining the evolution of writing in Iranian history is the Qajar period. This is important because of the multitude of guidelines and the content changes. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the themes in the Qajar Rules of Procedure, to explain their thematic developments and the factors influencing them. The findings of the present paper, while illustrating the content developments of Qajar periodic texts under the influence of factors such as the existence of a rationalist approach, critical position and application of new political concepts, challenge the view of those who considered the Qajar era to be a period of decadentism.

The present study aimed to determine the relationship between the general health index and Coronavirus anxiety in employees.

The present study was descriptive-correlational so that we selected a sample of 110 male and female employees of public offices in Mashhad using convenience sampling and they responded to Goldbergchr('39')s General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale by Alipour et al (2019). online and via virtual networks. We analyzed data using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression.

The results of data analysis indicated that there was a significant negative correlation between scores of general health indices and Coronavirus anxiety (P<0.001, r=0.36). Furthermore, there was a positive and significant correlation between the coronavirus anxiety index with depression, anxiety, physical status, and general health, but it had an insignificant correlation with social dysfunction (P>0.05, r=0.18).

According to the results, the incidence of COVID-19 damaged physical health and also caused mental illnesses. Therefore, it is essential to identify people prone to anxiety and psychological disorders at different levels of society, whose mental health may be endangered due to crises by the current socio-economic status of society, to help maintain the public mental health in society by appropriate intervention and treatment strategies and techniques.

Karbala tragic event is considered as one of the significant and effective events in the history of Islam about which various works have been developed from the first century (A. H) to the present time. The reporters of Karbala have taken different approaches in regard with the why and how of event, the explanation of conditions of Imam Hossein ‘s followers and the other agents as well as the dimensions of Ashura event. The study of the works in regard with Ashura developed by the writers and researchers is considered as one of the necessities of research in the present time. Among the reports on Ashura in the contemporary era, the works by Ebrahim Ayati (1343) are worth to be investigated thanks to the special attention to the deviation of Ashura event from the diverse aspects. The present article investigates the themes of Ashura in Ayati’s works in order to typologically study the distinguished discourses. In this method, the social and political conditions in which the text has been developed along with the linguistic elements and context have been investigated. The findings of research illustrate that the historical, emotive and mystic approaches are observed in the works of the author. Furthermore, putting emphasis on the documents, considering the strong elements of developing the historical events including time, location, people and the domination on the kinship led to the observation of historical discourse as a dominated discourse in Ayati’s works.

One of the components of religious finalist literature is the concept of millennialism or the promised millennia. In Christianity, the idea of millennialism, which means believing in the apocalypse, is linked to the belief in the return of Christ, the establishment of His rule, redemption, and salvation. The objective manifestation and practical example of this idea is reflected in the millennial movements. The scope of these movements necessitates analytical-critical studies of the nature and causes of their development. Therefore, the present article seeks to explore the views expressed on these movements by adopting a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings of this study, while showing various theoretical approaches in the nature of millennial movements, indicate the influence of social and psychological elements in the formation of these movements. Along with these factors, millennialism has been an ideological and sensible response to the oppression of governments and colonial powers.

The title of work has a special place among identity-related components of a historical text. The title of historical work is a critical factor for identifying and distinguishing from other works and can act as a criterion to introduce its themes. Studies on title selection in historical sources can open new horizons for researchers in this field. The present study offers a hermeneutic reading of title selection in historical sources of Islamic Iran to analyze factors contributing to selecting the title of these texts. The primary purpose of this reading is to show factors and elements affecting the process of title selection. This study explores texts from 11 to 20 Century CE (5-14 Century AH). Results of this study show that the selection of titles in Iranian historical sources after Islam was affected by certain textual and hypertextual factors, the most influential factors being the use of stylistic devices, imitation of existing titling methods, the role of state ideology, and the perceptions of the historian.

Cultural history is an interdisciplinary approach that seeks to interact with the two main fields of the humanities, i.e. history and culture. Cultural history is a thriving branch that has expanded since the 1970s. In fact, it can be said that cultural history is formed in the context of a set of discourse developments in the field of history, social theory and the concept of culture. Research in the field of cultural history of Iran is more difficult than the other fields of study due to the dispersion of the sources and scarcity of the information. The approach of folk literature is a way to recreate the events of cultural history because of its connection with the people's lives and the breadth of its territory and the richness of its social themes. Folk poetry, as one of the important pillars of popular literature, reflects various manifestations of the material and spiritual life of the individuals in society, and therefore has a special place in the study of cultural history. Given this position, the present article, by analyzing the themes and contents of some folk poems of the Qajar era, examines the contribution of these poems in reflecting the levels of thought, ideas and various aspects of social life of the people of that time. The findings of this study indicate the capacity of folk poetry in the Qajar period to recreate events, narrate the neglected aspects of cultural and social life as well as the lifestyle of the people. They also represent the traditional and religious ideas and critical protest actions in the Qajar society.