سجاد بشرپور

Online gaming addiction has a negative effect on the physical and mental health of teenagers. The symptoms of online game addiction can be seen in school-age teenagers. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the correlation between childhood psychological maltreatment and online game addiction with the mediating role of acceptance and action.

The research method is descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population included all male and female students (teenagers) of the first year of secondary education in Bastak Hormozgan city, who were studying in the academic year of 1400-1401, and 350 people were selected as a sample using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Data collection tools included demographic questionnaire, "Online Game Addiction Scale", " Psychological Maltreatment Inventory" and "Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II". Content validity of instruments was measured by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed with SPSS. 20 and AMOS .20 software.

Emotional unresponsiveness, rejection/intimidation, unethical/not being honest, high expectations/inflexibility, isolation from the components of “Assisted Maltreatment Inventory” respectively with coefficient values of 0.48, 0.41, 0.28, 0.31 and 0.35 They have a significant positive correlation directly with addiction to online games (P < 0.001). Also, emotional unresponsiveness, rejection/intimidation, high expectations/inflexibility, and isolation from the components of “Assisted Maltreatment Inventory” respectively, with coefficient values of 0.16, 0.19, 0.11, and 0.23 with the mediation of acceptance and action as Indirectly, they have a significant positive correlation with addiction to online games (P<0.001).

Childhood psychological maltreatment directly and indirectly with the mediation of acceptance and action have a significant correlation with online game addiction. Therefore, in order to reduce the online games addiction, it is suggested to the education officials to implement training courses on the correct communication methods of parents with their children, and training courses on optimal cognitive strategies during stressful events for students.

In their minds and psyche, people with gender identity disorder see themselves as a different gender and believe that they were wrongly born as a man or a woman. One of the psychological problems faced by people with gender dysphoria is the occurrence of autistic behaviors and traits in them. People with gender dysphoria suffer from psychological issues such as alexia due to reasons such as the inconsistency of gender roles in these people with society's standards and the presence of autistic traits in them. Alexithymia is a multifaceted construct with a close and inverse relationship with emotional intelligence. Considering that people with gender dysphoria face many problems that lead to psychological and social consequences for them, it seems necessary to know the effective factors in these problems and study them. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to model the causality of gender identity/gender dysphoria based on autistic traits and alexithymia with the mediating role of suicidal thoughts.

The present study is correlational analytic using the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of the research comprised all students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil City, Iran, in the academic year 2021–2022. Because the participants might not complete all the questionnaires, 250 questionnaires were distributed, of which 220 were fully completed and analyzed. The statistical sample was 220 people, according to the number of research variables, who were selected from among the statistical population. Sampling was done by the available method. The informed and voluntary consent of the participants to participate in the research was the inclusion criteria. The exclusion criteria included incomplete questionnaires and unwillingness to cooperate in the research. The research data were collected through an internet questionnaire and virtual networks. To collect data, Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) (Bagby et al., 1994), Autistic Spectrum Questionnaire (AQ) (Baron–Cohen et al., 2001), Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI) (Beck et al., 1979), and Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire for Adolescents and Adults (GIDYQ–AA) (Deogracias et al., 2007) were used. Descriptive statistics were used to measure mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis indicators. The Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling were used in the inferential part. The collected data were analyzed at a significance level 0.05 in SPSS24 and LISREL 8.8 software.

Results indicated that the path coefficients between gender identity/gender dysphoria and autistic traits (β=0.33, p<0.001), alexithymia (β=0.47, p<0.001), and suicidal thoughts (β=0.27, p<0.001) were positive and significant. Also, indirect paths between gender identity/gender dysphoria and autistic traits (T–sobel=2.93, p<0.001) and alexithymia (T–sobel=2.01, p<0.001) through the mediating role of suicidal thoughts were significant. The goodness of fit indices supported the optimal fit of the research model with the collected data (χ2/df=2.10, NFI=0.92, GFI=0.88, CFI=0.93, and RMSEA=0.071).

According to the results, autistic traits, alexithymia, and suicidal thoughts have a direct effect on gender identity/gender dysphoria. This study is a crucial step to know the influential factors in the problems of people with gender dysphoria disorder.

Obesity has spread among societies and most countries and has become a general and global issue. The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of a combined weight loss program on cravings and anthropometric indicators in obese women.                                                                                     

Methods and Materials: 

The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test design the test boy was with the control group. The statistical population included all obese women who referred to the nutrition clinic of Ardabil city in 1402. Considering that at least 15 samples are considered in experimental research, as a result, 45 obese women (15 people in the treatment situation with integrated weight loss program and 15 people in the situation without treatment) were randomly selected and placed in the group. Each of the experimental group was treated separately daily for 50 minutes and with 14 sessions, and the control group did not receive treatment. The members of each group were evaluated using the Cepeda-Benito craving questionnaire and anthropometric indices in the pre-test and post-test stages, and multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.

Based on the obtained results, the integrated weight loss program had a positive and significant effect on food cravings, Body Mass Index and WHtR index (P<0.001), so that the scores of the subjects of the experimental group decreased significantly in the post-test of these variables, but on WHR and AVI had no significant effect (P<0.05).

Based on the results of this study, it seems that the integrated weight loss program method can be used in weight loss and lifestyle change programs and improving community health.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the lived experiences of mothers of children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. The statistical population included all mothers of children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder who referred to the psychiatric center of Fatemi Hospital in Ardabil city in 2023. The sample of the research enfolded 20 subjects whom were selected via purposive sampling method. The research method was a qualitative and phenomenological type. Data were attained through semi structured interviews with participant mothers of children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Data were analyzed with the seven-step descriptive phenomenological method of Colaizzi (2002). The obtained results of mothers’ lived experience were classified in 5 main themes and 19 subthemes. The main themes involved child individual problems, family problems, social and emotional problems, medical issues and school problems. The findings resulted from the analysis of the lived experiences of the children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder mothers also revealed the existence of a set of challenges including cultural diversity, culture-bound experiences and the participant educations levels. The other set of problems involved the mothers’ low knowledge and the educational environment. The children problems impose impairments on family natural function and influence their social, cultural and interactional relations. Therefore, making the mothers aware of the nature of the disorder and teaching interactive patterns with these children could prevent the problems facing these families.

Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Brain Stimulation (tDCS) and computer-based cognitive rehabilitation on improving cognitive emotion regulation in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.

The current research design was experiment with pre-test-post-test and control group. The statistical population included children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in Ardabil city who referred to the psychiatric center of Fatemi Hospital in Ardabil city in 2023. From this population, 60 children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly replaced in three groups: experiment 1, experiment 2, and control (20 people in each group). Data were collected using Connors Parent Rating Scale (1978), Raven's Progressive Matrices Test (2000) and cognitive emotion regulation scale (2002). The subjects of the first experimental group received Transcranial Direct Current Brain Stimulation (tDCS) for 10 sessions and twice a week for 20 minutes. The second experimental group also received Captain Log's computerized cognitive rehabilitation intervention for 10 sessions and twice a week for 45 minutes. The control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 25 software and with covariance analysis and Bonferroni's post hoc test.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the groups in emotion regulation (P<0.05). The experimental groups of transcranial direct current brain stimulation (tDCS) and computer-based cognitive rehabilitation had higher emotion regulation compared to the control group. Also, by controlling the effect of the pre-test in the two experimental groups, there is no significant difference between the two methods of transcranial direct current brain stimulation (tDCS) and computer-based cognitive rehabilitation (P<0.05).

According to the results, it can be said that the intervention of transcranial direct current brain stimulation (tDCS) and computer-based cognitive rehabilitation were effective in improving the cognitive regulation of emotion in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, both interventions can be used to improve the cognitive regulation of emotions in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.

Type 2 diabetes is associated with a multitude of physical and psychological complications, significantly impacting the quality of life for individuals afflicted with the condition. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of Time Perspective Therapy (TPT) on enhancing sexual function, emotional self-efficacy, and reducing marital conflicts among patients with Type 2 diabetes experiencing sexual dysfunction.

This study used a semi-experimental design involving a pre-test and post-test control group. The research included 30 individuals diagnosed with sexual dysfunction who were recruited from the Persian Diabetes Clinic in Mashhad in 2024. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group, which received eight 90-minute TPT sessions, and the control group. Various assessment tools such as the Marital Conflicts Scale, Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale, and Marital Sexual Performance Scale were used. The data were analyzed using multivariate and single analysis of covariance through SPSS 24 software.

The results indicated statistically significant improvements in sexual function and emotional self-efficacy, along with a reduction in marital conflicts among participants in the experimental group compared to the control group. After controlling for pre-test scores, notable differences between the post-test scores of both groups were observed, affirming the potential of TPT to foster better sexual health and enhance emotional resilience.

Time Perspective Therapy significantly enhances sexual function, emotional self-efficacy, and reduces marital conflicts in patients with Type 2 diabetes facing sexual dysfunction. This study underscores the importance of psychological interventions in managing the complex needs of diabetic patients, suggesting that TPT can be an effective adjunct to traditional medical treatments.

Adolescents who are abused and neglected face many challenges, and it is imperative to pay attention to their mental health.The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of art therapy focused on compassion on the distress tolerance of abused and neglected adolescent girls.

This study is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted with a pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population was all abused and neglected female adolescents of Bushehr City in 2023. The sample size was 30 people selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups (15 people in either group). The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of 90 minutes of compassion-focused art therapy, while the control group received no intervention. The instrument to gather data was Simons and Gaher's (2005) Disturbance Tolerance Scale. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

Art therapy focused on compassion was effective in tolerating the turmoil of abused and neglected adolescents. Eta squared showed that 18.5% of tolerance variance, 18.7% of absorption variance, 16.9% of evaluation variance, and 20.6% of adjustment variance are due to the effectiveness of art therapy focused on compassion (p<0.001).

Art therapy focused on compassion has been effective in increasing tolerance of emotional disturbances in abused and neglected adolescent girls. Therefore, it is recommended that this treatment be used in organizations interacting with injured people to increase the tolerance of disturbance and increase their mental health.

Internet addiction is common among teenagers and is associated with various negative consequences. The present study aimed to determine the role of dysfunctional attitudes and emotion dysregulation in predicting the addictive use of the internet in adolescents by presenting an approach based on artificial neural network.

In this descriptive study, the statistical population included all male students of the second year of high school studying in public schools in Ardabil City in the academic year of 2023. From this population, a sample of 264 people was selected using the multistage cluster random sampling method and answered the questionnaires of Internet Addiction, Emotion Dysregulation, and Dysfunctional Attitudes. Data were analyzed using artificial neural network with multilayer perceptron method (MPL).

The results of the analysis showed that dysfunctional attitudes and emotion dysregulation play a role in predicting the addictive use of the internet in adolescents, and the artificial neural network model is able to predict well the jumps and trends of internet addiction from the variables of dysfunctional attitudes and emotion dysregulation.

In general, the results of this research suggested that dysfunctional attitudes and emotion dysregulation have a significant relationship with internet addiction. From the practical point of view, professional psychological training and interventions can improve dysfunctional attitudes, irrational cognition of self and others, and emotion dysregulation.

This study set out to predict the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children based on character traits and irritability of mothers according to gender roles. The present study had a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population of the study was comprised of all mothers of elementary school students with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Districts 5 and 7 of Tehran in the 2019-2020 school year. The sample was drawn using the purposive sampling method (N= 230). The research instruments included the Temperament & Character Inventory (Cloninger, 1994), Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales (1999) and The EAS Temperament Questionnaire (Buss & Plomin, 1984). Descriptive statistics as well as multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Data analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between character traits and irritability of mothers with symptoms of ADHD in children (β= 0.56, P≤0.001). The results also demonstrated that gender in interaction with mothers' character traits and irritability could not predict the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity in children (β= 0.052, P≤0.001). Based on the results, it can be concluded that some of the personality and character traits of mothers underlie the symptoms of ADHD in children. Therefore, paying attention to the personality characteristics of parents can prove helpful in the treatment of children with ADHD symptoms.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a course of practicing motor games based on Montessori theory on the fine and gross motor skills of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. 

 The present research was quasi-experimental. This study was done using a pretest-posttest design on 30 male students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. They were randomly divided into the control (15 students with a mean age of 8.1±0.4 years) and experimental (15 students with a mean age of 8.1±0.5 years). Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were diagnosed and found appropriate by psychiatrists. They were also assessed using the Conners’ parent and teacher rating scale questionnaire, whose validity and reliability in Iran were found to be 81%, using the Cronbach method. Then, through the Lichen-Ozeretsky motor adequacy test, both groups were assessed, and the experimental group received motor games based on Montessori theory for 12 weeks (three days per week). Covariance analysis was used to analyze the obtained data. 

The results of covariance analysis indicate a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. The subtests of strength (P<0.008), balance (P<0.001, F=31.97), 2-way coordination (P<0.001, F=21.32), motor vision control (F=94.15, P<0.001), agility speed (F=82.5, P<0.023), and response speed (F=10.22, P<0.003) were different between groups.

The study’s results showed a significant improvement in strength, balance, 2-way coordination, motor vision control, response speed, speed, and agility after the training period. Therefore, using this training program in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is recommended.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Brain Stimulation (tDCS) and computer-based cognitive rehabilitation on improving impulsivity in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.

The current research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group. 60 children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly placed in three groups: experiment 1, experiment 2, and control (20 people in each group). Data were collected using Connors Parent Rating Scale (1978), Raven's Progressive Matrices Test (2000), and Barrett's impulsivity questionnaire (1995). The subjects of the first experimental group received Transcranial Direct Brain Stimulation and the second experimental group also received Captain Log's rehabilitation intervention. The control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed with covariance analysis and Bonferroni's post hoc test.

The results showed that experimental groups had lower impulsivity compared with the control group. Also, by controlling the effect of the pre-test in the two experimental groups, there is a significant difference between the two methods of transcranial direct current brain stimulation and computer-based cognitive rehabilitation (P<0.05), and transcranial direct current brain stimulation is more effective in improving the impulsivity in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.

According to the results, it can be said that the intervention of transcranial direct brain stimulation and cognitive rehabilitation was effective in improving impulsivity in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, both interventions can be used to improve impulsivity in these children.

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of transcranial direct electrical stimulation (tDCS) on craving and decision-making styles in substance users.

The study employed a semi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest approach and included a control group. The statistical population of this research included substance users in Ardabil city in 2021 who had sought treatment at addiction treatment centers. Among these, 30 people were selected using cluster sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups: experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15). The participants in the experimental group underwent 15 twenty-minute sessions of anodic stimulation of the F3 region and cathodic stimulation of the F4 region. To collect data, we used a short scale to measure craving for substances and general decision-making styles. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

Findings showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the two experimental and control groups in rational, intuitive, dependent, immediate, and avoidant decision-making styles, as well as craving.

These results signify the dysfunction of prefrontal areas in the craving and decision-making processes in substance users. Electrical stimulation of these areas can be an effective intervention to reduce these deficiencies.

Online games addiction is a growing concern which the prevalence  is estimated at 1.2 to 8.5 percent among teenagers and young adults.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance in the relationship between brain-behavioral systems and addiction to online games.

In terms of method, the research was among descriptive-correlation researches of structural equations type. The statistical population included all the students of the first year of high school in the education and training region of Hormozgan Bastak in the academic year of 2021-2022 which 350 people were selected as a sample using the multi-stage cluster random sampling method. They responded to the questionnaires of behavioral inhibition/activation systems (1994), cognitive fusion (2014), acceptance and action - second edition (2011) and online games addiction(2002). Structural modeling was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that the behavioral activation system and the behavioral inhibition system have a significant direct relationship with the online games addiction with coefficient values of 0.46 and 0.42, respectively (P < 0.001). Also, the behavioral activation system and the behavioral inhibition system are significantly related to online game addiction indirectly with the mediation of experiential avoidance with a coefficient value of 0.17 and 0.15, respectively and the behavioral inhibition system with the mediation of cognitive fusion with a coefficient value of 0.21,. (P < 0.001).

In order to reduce online games addiction, experts should evaluate personality traits on the one hand in order to identify the sensitivity of behavioral inhibition/activator systems, and on the other hand, seek to reduce cognitive biases along with cognitive and retrospective challenges.

The purpose of the current study was to study the relationship between trait anxiety intolerance of uncertainty with depression syndromes in college students with moderating role of mindfulness. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on path analysis. Samples of this study were whole Mohageg Ardabili university students in 2021 -2022 semester (n=12000). Which 249 of them that had rating of 14 and higher in Beck Depression Inventory were selected by available sampling method as samples. the questionnaires including Beck Depression Inventory (1966), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (1970), Fristons Intolerance of uncertainty Scale (1994) and Rayan and Browns Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (2003) were completed buy were completed by participants. And those with ratings of 14 and above in BDI were selected as final sample (249 students)with depression symptoms. For analyzing data we used Pearson correlation test and path analysis in SPSSV19 and lisrelV15 software. Results showed that the model has a good fit (RMSEA=0.032، CFI=0.985) and there is a positive and significant correlation between trait anxiety (p<0/05, β= 0/421) and intolerance of uncertainty (p<0/05, β= 0/271) with depression symptoms. Furthermore trait anxiety (p<0/01, β= 0/077) and intolerance of uncertainty (p<0/01, β= 0/088) had a positive and significant indirect effect on depression symptoms through mindfulness. Results indicate that with confirming study's hypotheses trait anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty have a both direct and indirect effect on depression symptoms and play a dynamic role in depression symptoms.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of cognitive self-regulation, metacognition and social support in predicting test anxiety. The research method is descriptive of the correlation type, in terms of purpose it belongs to applied research and in terms of nature it belongs to quantitative research. The statistical population includes 1200 students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 1402, of which 291 were selected by multi-stage random sampling. To collect data, questionnaires of social support, test anxiety of Friedman and Jacob, and self-regulation questionnaire of Boufard were used. For data analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient tests and multiple regression analysis were used using Spss software. The findings showed that test anxiety with cognitive self-regulation component (r=-0.690, p<0.01) and metacognitive self-regulation component (r=-0.190, p<0.01) of self-regulation, negative correlation and meaning There is a significant negative correlation with social support with the components of family support (r=-0.390, p<0.01) and friends' support (r=-0.720, p<0.01). The regression results showed that cognitive and metacognitive self-regulation cannot significantly predict students' test anxiety, but social support could significantly predict students' test anxiety. According to the results, it is suggested that universities, educational centers pay special attention to cognitive and metacognitive self-regulation in people in order to control and reduce anxiety, as well as families and friends as a very effective factor in Students' lives should provide the social support they need in order to reduce exam anxiety.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the mediation role of sensation-seeking in the relationship between time perspective with video-computer games Addiction in high school boy students.

The method of this study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study was all boy students of the first grade of high school in Tehran in the academic year 2018-2019 and the sample size consisted of 405 students who were selected through multistage cluster random sampling.  The data were collected using video-computer games Addiction scale of Anuthawarn, time perspective scale of Zimbardo and sensation-seeking scale of Arnett. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, regression and path analysis.

The results showed that positive past, negative past, hedonistic present and future orientation (respectively with 0/143, 0/286, 0/246, 0/198) affect on sensation-seeking and (respectively with -0/236, 0/197, 0/135, -0/152) affect on video-computer games Addiction, on the other hand, sensation-seeking (0/285) affect on video-computer games Addiction. According to the findings, it can be said that sensation-seeking mediates the relationship between positive past, negative past, hedonistic present and future orientation with video-computer games Addiction.

Different dimensions of time perspective have an affect on video-computer games Addiction both directly and indirectly through sensation-seeking. Thus, changing or reinforcing people's attitudes toward their experiences in different dimensions of time can reduce the level of video-game addiction among them.

Social anxiety disorder is considered one of the most common psychiatric disorders. Considering the role of various factors in its creation and continuation, the current research was conducted with the aim of determining the relationships between emotional schemas and cognitive fusion and social anxiety symptoms with the mediating role of anxiety sensitivity.

In terms of methodology, the current research was a descriptive-correlational type of structural equations. The statistical population in this research consisted of all secondary school students of Qazvin City who started studying in the academic year 2023-2024. Four hundred of them (200 girls and 200 boys) were selected using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method and answered the questionnaires on emotional schemas, cognitive fusion, social people, and adolescent experiences. The analysis of research data was done through structural equations modeling.

The results of structural equations modeling showed that emotional schemas with a path coefficient of 0.35 and cognitive fusion with a coefficient of 0.20 have a significant direct relationship with the symptoms of social distress (p<0.001). Also, emotional schemas with a path coefficient of 0.19 and cognitive fusion with a path coefficient of 0.09 have a significant indirect relationship with social anxiety symptoms with the mediation of anxiety sensitivity (p<0.001).

The results of the present study indicated that emotional schemas and cognitive fusion can be risk factors for the symptoms of social anxiety disorder in adolescents. These variables can also intensify social anxiety by increasing anxiety sensitivity. It is recommended that mental health professionals pay attention to these factors in order to improve the quality and speed up treatment in their treatment plans.

Purpose of this study is to predict people’s readiness for marriage based on the variables of identity intimacy, desire for marriage and optimism. The methodology was survey and correlation. The statistical population of the study consisted of single students of the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of Allameh Tabatabai, Shahid Beheshti and Tehran university, who were non-randomly selected. Samples of both sexes were examined between the ages of 20 and 35. To conduct this study, 597 people completed the questionnaires, of which 37 participants' responses met the exit criteria and were removed from the sample, and finally 560 people were assigned to be examined by research tools, including the Benign and Adams Identity Questionnaire. The research tools included Benyon and Adams Identity Questionnaire, Ego Strength Psychological List, Marriage Surveillance, Optimism Questionnaire, and Marriage Readiness Criteria. Data analysis was performed through structural equations. The results of the analysis showed that the variables of the study predict a high variance of marriage readiness. In Conclusion, from this research, it can be concluded that Identification, intimacy, desire and optimism about marriage have a significant positive effect on youth marriage readiness, and according to them, marriage readiness in youth can be strengthened and examined.

Online gaming addiction is a growing global concern and is detrimental to mental health among adolescents. The present study was conducted aiming to predict the structural relationship model of online game addiction based on Deviant Peer Affiliation with the mediating role of maladaptive cognitions and social skill deficits. The intended research was structural equation correlation. Its statistical population included all male students of the second year of high school students studying in the public schools of Ardabil city in the academic year of 2023.A sample of 208 participants was selected using convenience sampling method who completed the questionnaires of addiction to online games.  The obtained data were analyzed using smart pls4 software. The results showed that Deviant Peer Affiliation has a direct and significant effect on addiction to online games, and the indirect effect of Deviant Peer Affiliation on addiction to online games was confirmed through the mediation of maladaptive cognitions and social skill deficits. The model had a good fit based on the goodness of fit indices.

Addiction to social networks and mental maltreatment are related to suicidal thoughts in adolescents. However, the mediating role of mindfulness in this relationship is unclear. The present study investigated the structural model of suicidal ideation based on addiction to social networks and psychological maltreatment with mindfulness mediation in adolescents.

The present research method is descriptive and correlation type (structural equations). The statistical population of this research consisted of all male students in the second grade of high school studying in public schools in Ardabil City in 2021. From this population, a sample of 170 people was selected using the available sampling method and responded to Beck’s suicidal ideation, Turel’s social network addiction, Brown’s mindfulness and Nash’s psychological maltreatment questionnaires. To analyze the data, structural equation modelling was used using SPSS 25 and smartpls.4 software.

One hundred and seventy subjects with an average age of 15.19±1.29 years participated in this research. The results of the structural equation test showed that the coefficients of the direct path of psychological maltreatment on suicidal ideation (p=0.001; β=0.31) and the coefficients of the path of addiction to social networks on suicidal ideation (p=0.001; β= 0.54) were significant. The Bootstrap significance test showed that mental maltreatment (p=0.003; β=0.26) and addiction to social networks (p=0.005; β=0.11) were significantly mediated by mindfulness.

The results of this study show that in addition to the direct effect of addiction to social networks and psychological maltreatment on suicidal ideation, mindfulness also acts as a mediating variable on the indirect effects of addiction to social networks and psychological maltreatment on suicidal ideation.

Old age seems to be one of the most crucial stages of human life during which individuals encounter a wide range of changes, particularly in the realm of physical and psychological health. Health anxiety, especially in older adults, can have undesirable effects, making it important to examine the factors influencing this variable. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between basic psychological needs (BPNs) and health-promoting behaviors (HPBs) with health anxiety in older adults, through the mediating role of resilience. This was a correlational study, of path analysis type. The statistical population of this research included all older women residing in Tabriz, Iran in the spring of 2023, among whom 220 individuals were selected as the sample using convenience sampling method. The measurement tools included the Connor and Davidson’s Resilience Scale, BPNs Questionnaire, HPBs Questionnaire, and Health Anxiety Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient in SPSS-23 software and path analysis in LISREL 8.8 software. The results indicated that BPNs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) have a negative relationship with health anxiety in older women; HPBs (nutrition, physical activity, health responsibility, stress management, interpersonal relationships, and spiritual growth) have a negative relationship with health anxiety in older women. resilience had a negative relationship with health anxiety in older women. Moreover, BPNs were related to health anxiety in older women through resilience, as well as HPBs were related to health anxiety in older women through resilience. Therefore, it can be concluded that increasing resilience in older adults and fulfilling BPNs along with educating HPBs can prevent the increase of health anxiety.

Online gaming addiction has a negative effect on the physical and mental health of adolescents. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of cognitive fusion in the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and online gaming addiction. 

In the current descriptive study, the statistical population included all middle school  students (boys and girls) in the Education Department of Bastak (Hormozgan Province), who were studying in the academic year 2021-2022, and 350 people were selected as a sample using the multi-stage cluster random sampling method. They answered questionnaires of psychological maltreatment, cognitive fusion, and online gaming addiction. Structural equations modeling was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that emotional responsiveness, rejection/intimidation, unethical/not being honest, high expectations/inflexibility, and isolation are directly and significantly related to online gaming addiction with coefficient values of 0.48, 0.41, 0.28, 0.31, and 0.32, respectively (p<0.001). Also, emotional responsiveness, rejection/intimidation, high expectations/inflexibility, and isolation have a significant relationship with online game addiction indirectly with the mediation of cognitive fusion with coefficient values of 0.24, 0.19, 0.08 and 0.14, respectively (p<0.001).

The present study showed that childhood psychological maltreatment has a significant relationship directly and indirectly with the mediation of cognitive fusion, with online gaming addiction. From a practical point of view, experts can evaluate the communication methods of parents with their children on the one hand, and on the other hand, seek to reduce online gaming addiction and cognitive exploits, along with cognitive and retrospective challenges.

Migraine is the second neurological disorder with deep pain that causes a wide range of problems for the affected people and those around them. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to model the causality of pain perception in migraine sufferers based on distress intolerance with the mediating role of fear of disease progression.

The current research is descriptive and the statistical population included all people with migraine who referred to clinics and neurologists' offices in Mashhad in 2022; out of which, 200 applicants were selected as a sample using the convevience sampling method. And they responded to Simons and Gaher's Emotional Distress Tolerance, Melzack's Pain Perception, and Herschbach et al.’s Fear of Disease Progression Questionnaires. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling was used.

A positive and significant relationship was observed between pain perception score and fear of disease progression score (r=0.470, p<0.01), and a negative and significant relationship was observed between pain perception score and distress tolerance score (r=-0.425, p<0.01). Furthermore, emotional distress tolerance had indirect association with pain perception through affecting the fear of disease progression.

The findings showed that the fear of disease progression plays a mediating role between the intolerance of distress and the perception of pain in migraine sufferers. Considering the association of pain perception and intolerance of distress and fear of disease progression in migraine, psychologists and specialists can use the improvement of these factors to increase the effectiveness of other methods for migraine treatment.

 The purpose of the current research was to design and evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated educational program based on religious-psychological teachings with an Islamic approach on the adjustment of the identity crisis of adolescents with a tendency to risky behaviors.

The current research was a pre-test-post-test design experiment with a control group. The statistical population of the present study includes all male students of the second year of high school who were studying in Ardabil city in the academic year of 1996-1997. In order to sample, first 200 students were randomly selected in a multi-stage manner. After identifying the students with high-risk behaviors using the risk-taking scale of Iranian adolescents, the research sample was finally selected as 30 students with a tendency to high-risk behaviors randomly and based on the entry and exit criteria, and randomly, 15 people in The experimental group and 15 people were assigned to the control group. Identity Crisis Questionnaire (ICQ) and Iranian Adolescent Risk Scale (IARS) were used to collect data. For the experimental group, an educational program based on religious-psychological teachings was held for 10 sessions of 60 minutes. The control group did not receive any intervention. One week after the end of the intervention, both the experimental and control groups were subjected to a post-test. Multivariate covariance analysis was used to test the hypotheses.

The results of data analysis showed that education based on religious-psychological teachings moderates identity crisis (P≥0.01).

According to the results of the present study, it can be said that integrative psychotherapy based on religious-psychological teachings with an Islamic approach is an effective and efficient intervention in reducing the identity problems of adolescents with a tendency to high-risk behaviors.

  The aim of this present study was to investigate the prevalence of bullying and its associated demographic factors in high school students in the city Germi in the 2019-2020 academic year The design of the present study is descriptive- contextual. The statistical population of the study included all students studying boys and girls in the second year of high school in Garmi city. A Sample of 200 people (100 girl and 100 boy) were selected by multi- stage random sampling method. The Olivius bullying- victim questionnaire was used to collect information. Descriptive statistics (Mean, Standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Chi-square) were used to analyze the data Finally, the results of this study have shown that there is a significant difference in the prevalence between two groups' girls and boys. This means that the rate of bullying and victimization of bullying was higher in boys than girls (p<0/05). Considering the physical and psychological injuries and the background of bullying for psychological and social harm in students and considering the importance of school both in terms of occurrence and in terms of controlling and preventing bullying, it is possible to implement appropriate policies, provide appropriate and executive training and prevention programs proper intervention in the country,s schools prevented the occurrence and creation of harmful consquences.