سمانه نجفی

 Considering that university professors are one of the main groups of researchers and as students tend to be novices in this regard, it is of particular importance to examine their perspective and compliance with ethics in research. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the perspectives of the students and the faculty members of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences towards the inhibitors and the facilitators of ethical compliance in research in 2019.

 In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 66 faculty members and 144 students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences were selected through census and stratified random sampling, respectively. The research tools included a demographic information form as well as the questionnaire of ethical codes and inhibitors and facilitators of ethical compliance in research. The data were analyzed through SPSS version 18, using descriptive and analytical statistics. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to investigate the compliance of the data with the normal distribution. The chi-square test was used in data analysis, with a P-value<0/05.

Ethical Considerations: 

In all the stages of writing the present research, while respecting the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness has been observed.

 Sixty-six participants (31.5%) were faculty members and 144 of them (68.5%) were students.  The most important inhibitor of ethical compliance in research from the students' point of view (84%), in the stage of choosing the topic, was the researcher’s insufficient awareness of ethics in research. From the faculty members' point of view (50%), the most important inhibitor of ethical compliance in research in the stage of reviewing the existing documents was the lack of skill in reviewing the existing documents including search skills. The most important facilitator of ethical compliance in research was placing more emphasis on the issue of ethics in research while presenting the course of research methods, from the faculty members' point of view (68%) and holding educational workshops on professional and research ethics, from students' point of view (37.5%). The results regarding the agreement to use ethical codes in research from the perspectives of the students and the professors in the three stages of choosing the research topic and stating the problem, reviewing the available documents and analyzing and reporting and publishing the results of statistical differences, showed the significance levels of P<0.001, P=0.007 and P=0.01, respectively.

 Despite the good state of ethical compliance and the appropriate performance of the ethics committee in research, there are still obstacles on the way to reaching better ethical compliance. The need to hold periodic training workshops, monitor research projects closely and provide the necessary infrastructure is felt.

Hijab is one of the branches of religion, it is effective in society and it is the subject of special attention and care of religious scholars and religious community, and it is one of the certainties and necessities of Islam, and many verses and Hadiths clearly indicate it. The provisions of the satutue law also provide special sanction for violating Hijab. The main question of this research is that from an epistemological and educational perspective in the Islamic system, what is the basis and necessity of Hijab and the legal sanction of its violation? In response, with the descriptive and analytical method, we came to the conclusion that the fundamental goal of religion is to educate and develop man, and to rise to righteousness and his path towards God. Hijab is considered one of the necessities and prerequisites for human growth, and from this perspective, its scope and limits, and the necessity of observing it by both men and women, are also determined. Purpose of religion and the religious government is to create a basis for human development and to achieve happiness in the hereafter and the prerequisite of this purpose is to clean the society from any pollution that disturbs and hinders human growth. In addition to creating a healthy and constructive environment and cultivating and educating people, with evidence, Quran, and standards, Holy lawyer deals with any kind of corruption and deviation, and in the legal system has enacted civil and criminal sanctions for violatating it. Hijab is special for men and women to moderate and control their emotions and passions and to create immunity and for the active presence of men and women in the society, and it causes the removal of many sins and corruptions and is the basis for attaining divine nearness. In the Western worldview based on humanism, individualism, the principle of hedonism and the originality of the human body, especially women's, is reduced to the level of a tool and manifestations of clothing that contradict this principle are fought against.

Happiness, cheerfulness, and a positive attitude toward life events play a prominent role in marital satisfaction can significantly contribute to creating a sense of security and optimism for couples. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of happiness training on students' marital satisfaction.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 64 students at Gonabad University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Participants were selected using a systematic sampling method and were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups using permuted blocks of size 4. The happiness training intervention consisted of six 2-hour sessions, conducted once a week by a psychiatric nurse exclusive for the intervention group. A demographic form and the Enrich Scale were used before and after the intervention in both groups. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, including descriptive statistics and analytical statistical tests such as chi-square and paired t-tests. The significance level was determined to be less than 0.05.

The comparison of mean marital satisfaction between the two groups did not show a significant difference before the intervention (P = 0.630). However, the mean marital satisfaction after the intervention had a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Comparing the mean marital satisfaction before and after the intervention in the intervention group revealed a significant difference (P < 0.001), but this difference was not significant in the control group (P = 0.520).

The results indicate that happiness training has a practical impact on the marital satisfaction of married students. An important step to reduce marital conflicts and increase couple's satisfaction is to hold workshops focused on happiness training.

Diabetic neuropathy is found in 50% of people with diabetes and refers to a group of diseases that affect all nerves such as peripheral, autonomic and spinal nerves. This study aimed to investigate the effect of topical heat therapy on clinical symptoms of peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods & Materials:

 The present study was a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted on 52 patients with type 2 diabetes with peripheral neuropathy referred to the clinic of Allameh Behlool Gonabadi Hospital in 2018. The participants were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and placebo. The intervention group received heat therapy using a hot pack at 40 ° C twice a day for 20 minutes for a week. The control group received all routine care similar to the intervention group. A demographic information form and NSS questionnaire were used to collect the data through interview. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 23 at a significance level of less than 0.05.

The mean scores of neuropathy symptoms before and after the intervention were 5.46±1.90 and 4.12±1.55 respectively for the intervention group, and 4.88±1.53 and 5.08±1.52 for the control group that no significant difference was observed between the both groups before the intervention (P=0.23), but there was a statistically significant difference after the intervention (P=0.03). Also, the comparison of the mean scores of two groups after the intervention showed a significant difference (P<0.001).

The findings showed that topical heat therapy can improve the clinical symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. Since this technique is easy to learn and inexpensive, it can be used to reduce treatment costs and drug side effects, as well as to improve patient self-care.

 Premenstrual syndrome, by affecting different aspects of women's lives, needs to be controlled. Due to the lack of knowledge of the exact cause of this syndrome, several treatments have been proposed for it. One of the treatment methods is the use of aromatherapy, The present study was performed with aim to determine the effect of aromatherapy with geranium essential oil on premenstrual syndrome in students.

This clinical trial study was conducted in 2020 on 80 students with premenstrual syndrome in Gonabad University of Medical Sciences. The subjects were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. For the intervention group (5 days before menstruation), geranium essential oil and in the control group, a placebo (odorless sweet almond oil) was used. After two consecutive menstrual cycles, the post-test questionnaire was completed. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 22) and chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

There was no significant difference between the mean scores of the dimensions and the total score of the premenstrual syndrome questionnaire in the two intervention and control groups before the implementation of aromatherapy (p>0.05), while after the implementation of aromatherapy, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the dimensions and the total score between the two groups, so that the intensity of the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome significantly decreased in the aromatherapy group (p<0.05).

Aromatherapy with geranium essential oil is effective in reducing the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and its use is recommended as a complementary, cheap, non-invasive treatment with few side effects.

Vegetables are among the valuable foods. However, in addition to essential elements, they may contain toxins in excess of permissible concentrations, which has raised many concerns about the quality and safety of these products and human health. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of atmospheric pollutants of carbon dioxide, gasoline and acid rain on the resistance of basil and parsley.

This factorial study was performed based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications and 54 treatments . In this study, CO2 with three concentrations of 0, 1000 and, 1800 ppm, gasoline with three conditions without adding gasoline, with ordinary gasoline and with the addition of super gasoline, and acidic solution at two levels of pH 4 and 6 were studied. It should be noted that distilled water with pH = 7 was selected as a control treatment.

The results showed that the concentration of 1000 ppm carbon dioxide increased plant yield by 178.63%, while its concentration up to 1800 ppm, led to the destruction of the plant in two days. It was also found that super gasoline due to the high-octane number and supplements in it has a less polluting effect (5.7%) on the plant than regular gasoline. In addition, no significant difference was observed between different concentrations of acidic solution on plant resistance. In this experiment, parsley showed more resistance to contaminants than basil.

carbon dioxide than other pollutants and also its key role in global warming, we need effective management to promote public health and control the production sources of this gas in the atmosphere.

The widespread outbreak of coronavirus-2019 has challenged the general health of the world. Considering the possible effects of quarantine on family relationships and the importance of adolescence, this study was conducted to investigate the parent-child relationship of adolescents in quarantine caused by COVID-19 in 2020.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 201 adolescents Greater Khorasan in 2020. Participants were randomly selected according to the inclusion criteria. Demographic information form and parent-child relationship assessment questionnaire (PCRS) were used to collect data; According to the existing conditions and changing the items of the questionnaire, the virtual method (registration in the porslinerobot) was used to complete it. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23, Mean & SD and statistical tests of Pearson correlation coefficient and one-way analysis of variance.

Most of the research units were female (68.2%). The mean ±SD age of the subjects was 15.58±.1.968. The mean ±SD of Father and mother’s was097.7±.60.46 and 269.6±.99.41. The results showed that mother-child scores have increased compared to the past; While the father-son scores have not changed. Also, the two subscales of "positive emotions" and "communication" of the mother-child relationship were reported more than in the past; The results of independent t-test showed that these two subscales have a direct and significant relationship with gender (P < 0.05).

The results showed that in most areas, the parent-child relationship during the Covid outbreak was not different; However, effective and sufficient education to improve the parent-child relationship, especially during the quarantine period, is very necessary due to the limitation of social communication and the significant role of limitations in the psychological development of adolescence.

According to increase in the elderly population and the prevalence of mental disorders in this group, it is important to perform interventions to improve their mental health. Morale is also one of the dimensions of mental health that affects all aspects of human health. This study was conducted to determine the effect of hope therapy on the morale of the elderly.

This experimental study was conducted in 2015 in Gonabad city. The statistical population of all elderly people was covered by community health centers. Fifty elderly people who met the inclusion criteria were systematically randomly selected and equally divided into experimental and control groups. The research instruments included demographic questionnaires and Philadelphia morale. Questionnaires were completed before the intervention and then for the intervention group, psychotherapy based on Schneiderchr('39')s theory was performed in 8 sessions of 90 minutes and once a week. The questionnaire was completed again immediately and one month after the intervention. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, chi-square and independent t-test using SPSS 16 software.

The results showed that the mean morale score one month after the intervention in the experimental and control groups was respectively 14.00 ± 1.73 and 7.33 ± 3.02. In the experimental group, the score of morale dimension scores, immediately and one month after the intervention, increased significantly compared to the control group (P <0.05).

Considering that in this study, hope therapy had a positive effect on increasing the morale of the elderly, it is suggested that this method be used to better care for the elderly and to increase their morale in the community, hospital and nursing home.

Critical thinking leads to motivation for learning, problem-solving skills, decision making and creativity. This study aims to Comparison of critical thinking and learning styles of researcher and non-researcher students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences in 2017.

In This analytical-cross sectional study, The statistical population were all students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences is studying in the first semester of the academic year 2016-2017. Sampling in this research were for non-researcher students was stratified and for researcher students by census method. The data collection tool was California Critical Thinking Questionnaire and VARKchr('39')s Learning Style Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21 using independent t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and significance level less than 0.05.

The results of this study showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean of critical thinking in both researcher and non-researcher students (P <0.05). Also, there was a significant relationship between the mean of learning styles in the two groups (P <0.05) except for the visual style (P >0.05).

This study showed that researcher students had higher critical thinking than non- researcher students, Also, learning styles were more active in the group of researcher students and perhaps the tendency to research activities was a factor in this. The attention of educational and research officials to encouraging students to research activities and providing ground for this, can greatly help to improving critical thinking and improving learning styles.

The healthy nutrition education is one of the most important priorities in all life periods, especially in childhood. The teaching method is also considered one of the important factors for the effectiveness of education. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of lecture and role-playing methods on awareness of healthy nutrition in school-age children.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 60 primary school students in Gonabad city in 2017. Participants were selected by multistage random sampling and allocated into two groups of role-playing and lecture. Studentschr('39') awareness was measured by a self-structured questionnaire before, immediately and one month after education. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 16 by descriptive and inferential statistics. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

The mean score of awareness for the role-playing group before, immediately and one month after the intervention respectively was 10.77±2.55, 14.1±55.15 and 14.50±1.10 and for the lecture group respectively was 11.07±1.85, 13.72±1.43 and 11.47±2.84 (the score range: 0-16). There was a significant difference in the mean score of awareness before, immediately and one month after the intervention between the two groups (P<0.001), and in the role-playing group, the increase in awareness score was more than in the lecture group.

Considering the greater effect of role-playing method than lecture on healthy nutrition education in school-age children, it is suggested that more attractive, dynamic and effective methods such as role-playing, in accordance with educational behavioral goals, be used in school nutrition education programs. In addition to enhancing educational efficiency, this will make the effects of education and learning more sustainable for students.

Nosocomial infection is considered as one of the most common problems in hospitals all over the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of students at Gonabad University of Medical Sciences regarding nosocomial infection. 

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 243 clinical students in Gonabad University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Participants were selected by stratified random method considering the inclusion criteria. Data were collected through a knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire about nosocomial infections and analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistics such as t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS version 16.

In this study, the mean score of knowledge in the students was 14.94±4.36, at the moderate level, the mean score of attitude was 63.07±6.04, and the mean score of practice was 255.93±35.78, at the desirable level. Significant differences was observed between the means of attitude and practice in terms of educational degree (P=0.001, P=0.01) and knowledge, attitude, and practice in terms of field of study (P=0.01, P=0.002, P=0.02). The highest level of attitude and practice was related to the PhD degree. The highest level of knowledge belonged to medical students and the highest attitude and practice was related to operating room students. 

Despite moderate knowledge, most students had a desirable attitude and practice regarding nosocomial infections. Considering the major role of students in preventing nosocomial infections, holding workshops, strengthening their positive attitude and motivation, and improving their skills are necessary. Therefore, more attention from authorities, especially teachers is essential in designing the necessary steps to strengthen the students' knowledge, attitude, and practice.

stuttering in children can affect their mental health and cause undesirable effects on quality of life and the educational performance of the child. The aim of this study was to compare the anxiety, depression and self-esteem in healthy children and children with stuttering referred to the speech therapy clinics of Mashhad and Gonabad cities in 2017.

This case-control study was conducted on 270 students  in 2017 and selected by simple random sampling method. The data were collected using demographic information form, standard PAP self-esteem questionnaire, Spence anxiety and self-assessment of depression in children.

According to the results, the mean scores of self-esteem and its dimensions are statistically significant (P <0.001). Although there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of total anxiety score, the mean of social subscales, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and functional fear and open-mindedness scores showed significant differences (P <0.05). There was a significant difference between the two groups in severity and depression scores (P <0.05).

The results of the research show that children with stuttering have anxiety and lower self-esteem and depression more than healthy children. Therefore, it is important to take the necessary measures to evaluate mental health, preventing psychological problems and timely treatment of these children.

 Preoperative anxiety could increase postoperative pain, the need for analgesics, and the patient's hospital stay. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of aromatherapy with rose on preoperative anxiety before abdominal operation.

 This clinical trial was performed on 90 patients undergoing abdominal operation at 15Khordad Hospital, in 2017. The study patients were assigned to the intervention and control groups by permuted block randomization method (n=45/group). The study instrument was the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The STAI was completed before and after conducting the intervention in both study groups. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS using descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, Paired Samples t-test, and Chi-squared test at a significance level of P<0.05.

 The mean±SD age of the investigated patients in the intervention and control groups were 37.13±31.35 and 44.15±51.65 years, respectively. Most frequent operation type was inguinal hernia in both study groups. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of anxiety (P>0.05); however, after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the study groups in terms of apparent and total anxiety (P<0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the study groups, in terms of latent anxiety (P>0.05). 

 Aromatherapy with rose is effective in decreasing the apparent anxiety of patients before surgery. Thus, it is recommended to be used as a complementary, inexpensive, and non-invasive treatment at healthcare centers.

Adolescence is one of the most sensitive and most critical stages of human life. An entry in this period, most people are faced with numerous problems including low self-esteem stems. This study aimed to determine the role of attachment styles and personality characteristics in adolescents' self-esteem in Gonabad in 2017.
This study is analytical and cross-sectional and correlational study that on 202 adolescents studying in high school of Gonabad in 2017 was conducted. The samples were selected by random cluster sampling data through Rosenberg Self- Esteem, Collins and Reid attachment styles and NEO Personality questionnaires were collected. Then, with linear regression, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and ANOVA tests were analyzed. P-Value at the less level than 0/05 was considered significant.
Between secure and insecure attachment styles with self-esteem in a positive and significant relationship and between anxious attachment styles with self-esteem negative significant relationship there is. In addition to, between the scope of extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness with self-esteem there is a positive and significant relationship and between self-esteem with neuroticism scope there is negative and significant relationship.
Regarding the results, hence should be using psychologists, counselors and other effective professionals, to the education of parents and those involved in the educational system with a focus on "how to train children and students with secure attachment styles and personality characteristics positive predictor self-esteem" was taken to prevent the formation of some problems this time.

Maternal BMI and weight gain during pregnancy plays an important role in the outcome of pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the relationship between mother's BMI before the pregnancy with anthropometric indicators and jaundice in neonates of Gonabad city in 2017.
This cross-sectional study was performed on 327 women referring to community health centers of Gonabad city in 2017 by census method. Anthropometric indicators and maternal BMI were collected based on the information in urban health centers records. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 and descriptive statistics and linear regression. The significance level was less than 0.05.
The results showed that there was a significant relationship between mother’s primary BMI with weight and head circumference at birth However (P=0/009), there was no significant relationship between height at birth and the bilirubin level in neonates with jaundice and mother's primary BMI (P>0/05).
According to the relationship between mother's primary BMI with anthropometric indicators in neonates, it is necessary to provide nutritional education and counseling for mother in prenatal care while accurate evaluation mother's primary BMI. Therefore, the correction of health behaviors and weight adjustment plays an important role in the occurrence of healthy and unsafe childbirth and the prevention of complications.

Identifying the factors associated with the job prospect of their promotion can be an effective step on the academic motivation and progress of the students. Since spiritual health is an important aspect of health that strengthens the mental function and adaptability of the individual and promotes general health, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual health and the job prospect of the students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences in 2017. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 288 students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected based on a researcher-made questionnaire on job prospect hope and standard spiritual health instrument. Finally, data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency and percent) and analytical statistics (Linear Regression, Pearson correlation coefficient, t independent and one way ANOVA). Results were considered significant at a level less than 0.05. The mean and standard deviation of spiritual health was 90.36 ± 15.83 and the hope of job prospect was 76.05 ± 10.48. The findings of this study showed that there was a statistically significant positive correlation between spiritual health and hope for job prospect (P < 0.001). There was a significant relationship between the two dimensions of spiritual well-being (spiritual well-being and spiritual religious wellbeing) with the hope of a career future (P < 0.001). Findings emphasize the importance of addressing the issue of spiritual health among students. As spiritual health increases the hope of the job prospect of students, itis suggested that administrators should pay special attention to the students' spiritual health and the solutions to improve it.

Pregnancy is associated with many physical and psychological changes that cause anxiety in the mother. Therefore, this study was investigated to determine the effect of sending short messages on pregnant women's anxiety. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 120 pregnant women covered by community health centers in Gonabad city in 2018. Mothers were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups (60 subjects each group). The Spielberger anxiety inventory questionnaire completed before and after and one month later the intervention by the mothers in an autoregressive manner. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using paired t-test, independent t-test and Chi-square tests at a significance level less than 0.05. Before intervention, there was no significant difference between the mean of anxiety scores in the two groups, but after the intervention, the apparent and hidden anxiety of the mothers was significantly different in the two groups )P <0.05(. Sending SMS to provide care during pregnancy as an effective measure can reduce the anxiety score of pregnant women. Therefore, the intervention is recommended along with the usual care during pregnancy.

Lack of donation is one of the major limitations of organ transplantation. Promoting organ donation requires increased awareness and creation of a positive attitude through training in specific ways. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of peer-led education and education by healthcare personnel on awareness, attitude and performance of lettered people in regard with organ donation.

This case-control clinical trial was performed on 120 lettered people who were randomly assigned to three groups of 40, including peer-led, healthcare personnel and control groups. The two intervention groups underwent training sessions. Before and after the intervention, the data were collected and compared using questionnaires in three groups in three areas of awareness, attitude and performance.

Most of the lettered people (58.33%) were female. 61.66% had a bachelor's degree and 60.83% were teachers at elementary school. There was a significant difference in the mean scores of awareness, attitude and performance toward organ donation in the two intervention groups before the intervention (in peer-led group were 11.52 ± 2.12, 92.05 ± 10.24, and 1.87 ± 1.42 and in healthcare group were 11.30 ± 3.00, 90.73 ± 10.92, and 1.38 ± 1.29, respectively) and after the intervention (in peer-led group were 15.47 ± 1.13, 98.78 ± 5.70, and 3.53 ± 0.50 and in healthcare group were 15.13 ± 1.49, 96.95 ± 5.52, and 3.05 ± 0.81, respectively) ( P < 0.05). The mean score of attitude and performance of the lettered people in the peer-led group was significantly higher than the other groups (P < 0.05). 

The results of the study showed that peer-led education is a more effective method than education by healthcare personnel to promote and institutionalize organ donation.
 

  Today, countries are classified according to their ability to produce and apply knowledge. In today's world of advanced knowledge and information, research is needed to develop disciplines that directly or indirectly engage in patient care, as in other academic disciplines, and the development of professional knowledge is essential for the continuous advancement of patient care. This cross-sectional study on 70 faculty members and 253 students in Gonabad University of Medical Sciences in 2017. Data were collected through demographic form and the researcher-made questionnaire of research activities among student by stratified randomized sampling for students and census method for faculty members. The face and content validity of the Instruments were confirmed by 10 expert faculty members. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of which was obtained coefficient equal to 0.98. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical tests such as t-test, ANOVA and Chi-Square using SPSS software version 20. The results of the tests were considered to be less than 0.05. Findings showed that most barriers of student research activities related to educational barriers with relative frequency of 90.4%. According to the results of independent t-test, comparing the viewpoint of faculty members and students in the economic and organizational areas related to student research activities had a significant difference with P= 0.009 and P <0.001 respectively. Considering that the most influential factor in encouraging students to research is the educational barriers, it is important that the attention of managers and educational planners should be promoted in order to improve research activities and advance the goals.

Teacher evaluation by students is one of the best assessment methods, since students are directly educated by professors. Several factors are involved in the evaluation of teacher performance. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between Social and Academic Integration of Students with Student Evaluation of Teacher Performance in Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran in 2016. This cross-sectional research was conducted on 307 BSc students in Gonabad University of Medical Sciences selected via stratified random sampling. Data were collected using demographic characteristics questionnaire and reliable and valid scales of institutional coherence and quality of teachers' performance. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 20 using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression at the significance level of below 0.05. Among the dimensions of social integration, the highest score was related to peer group interaction (29.08±4.59). Regarding the dimensions of academic integration, the highest score was related to academic and thinking progress (26.34±4.32). According to the Pearson’s correlation coefficient, a direct and significant relationship was found between the total score of social and academic integration with the total score of student evaluation of teacher performance (r=0.53 and r=0.11, P<0.001 and P<0.04, respectively). Moreover, results of linear regression test demonstrated that there was 0.11 and 0.53 increase in the teacher evaluation score per each increase in the scores of social and academic integrations, respectively. According to the results of the study, there might be an association between academic and social interactions and experiences of students with classmates and other academic staff with student evaluation of teacher performance, reflecting their satisfaction with the performance quality of faculty members in Gonabad University of Medical Sciences

Uncivil behavior in the workplace threats are leading to embarrassing and compromising the health of nurses and patients are the behaviors of organizational climate also threaten and, if it is not considered unpleasant consequences will be. The aim of this study was to evaluate uncivil behavior in therapeutic environments from nurses' Perspective in hospitals in Gonabad city. This cross-sectional study on 182 Nurses in hospitals of Gonabad city in 2017. Data were collected through demographic questionnaire and standard Nursing Uncivility Scale (NIS) by census sampling from nurses in emergency, surgery, internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, hemodialysis, Ophthalmology and ENT, ICU, CCU, NICU Wards. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical tests ANOVA, t-test and Pearson correlation was performed using SPSS 20. The results of the statistical tests were considered to be less than 0.05. The findings of this study showed that total score of uncivil behaviors from nurse's perspective is 2.30 of 5 score in Likert. Most uncivil behavior in nurses interacts with physicians (84.2±0.91) and the lowest in nurses interacting with supervisors (1.97±0.83) was observed. After explaining the objectives of the research and confidentiality of the information, the informed written consent was obtained from participants. Uncivility behaviors among nurses can affect the quality of services provided by them. Therefore, considering factors that lead to uncivility in nursing workplace is necessary.

In pregnancy period, mothers experience many changes psychologically. Self-concept as one of the factors affecting the mental states, in present cares of pregnancy becomes less than attention. Present study was implemented in order to the effect of intervention this model on personal self-concept in primi gravida women.
In this randomized controlled field trial, Research Sample consisted of 83 primi gravida women that were selected by simple random sampling and were assigned in groups of intervention (42 persons) and control (41persons) through block permutation method. Intervention group received the educational supportive intervention consisted of training sessions and psychological counseling planned based on model over 4 weeks. For assessing the level of adaptation in personal self-concept mode, a valid and reliable questionnaire was used. Data was analyzed by means of SPSS software and using descriptive statistics and tests of analytic statistics were analyzed. P Adaptation scores in personal self-mode in both groups before intervention respectively were 38.26±7.56 and 40.73±8.21 and their comparison had not significant statistically difference while after intervention scores in two groups respectively were 30.69±4.46 and 41.29±8.40 that their comparison showed a significant difference.
Using of designed program based on "Roy" model, as an effective and low cost intervention, can increase prim -gravida women's adaptation in self- concept mode. Therefore the implementation of this pattern besides in this period is recommended.

Identification and awareness of related factors to of clinical education´s quality is the first scientific step for any action. Also the present research to determining of effective factors on the quality of clinical education from students and clinical instructors´s perspective of Gonabad nursing and midwifery faculty and its improvement solutions has been designed and implemented. In this cross-sectional and analytical study, 44 instructors of nursing and midwifery faculty and 92 final year students by using of census, were studied. The research instrument consisted of two sections: demographic information and questions in the five domains. Data using statistical software SPSS version 21 and descriptive statistics´s tests (mean, standard deviation and relative frequency) and analytical (mean comparison tests) were analyzed. P<0/05 was considered significant. According to the results of the study in the most effective field in quality of clinical education, "clinical setting" with a frequency 8/72% have been reported. Between students's gender, field and course with related to instructor´s field, a significant relationship (respectively P=0/04, P=0/004 and P=0/000) was observed. Also in comparison of the two groups in the domains of educational planning and clinical setting, there was statistically significant relationship (respectively P=0/004 and P=0/002). According to the results, the most effective field, is clinical setting. So this importance, educational managers and planners´s attention in order to quality of clinical education´s promotion and advancing of considered goals demands.

Author (s): Stuttering is a interactional disorder. How to parental relationship with the child is strongest effective factor on family interaction patterns. Parenting styles including standards and regulation that are established by parents for their children. Child progression in learning of language is derived from a complex combination of environmental and biological affects. This study aims to determine the comparison parenting style in mothers of stuttering child and mothers of nonstuttering children in Gonabad and Turbat Heydarieh in 2012. This study is a case –control design. Through convenience sampling، children who stuttering from elementary school in Gonabad and all children who were refer to Speech therapy of Gonabad and Turbat Heydarieh were selected. 60 children were in the case group and by using random sampling، 120 children without stuttering were selected as control group. Groups were matched to location، age and sex. Demographic information and Baumrind parenting style questionnaires were completed by mothers. Data analyzed by using SPSS statistical software and chi-square، T-independent، and Kruskal wallis، Mann-Whitney and linear Regression tests. The mean Scores of authoritative، permissive and authoritarian styles of mothers is case group were 41. 3+3. 8، 25. 9 + 3. 8 and 29. 2+7. 2. The mean scores for the same categories of parenting style in control group were 42. 5+4. 2، 26. 4+4. 1 and 25. 7+5. 6. The mean score of authoritarian styles in two groups were significant (p= 0. 02). The mean Scores of authoritarian parenting style in mothers of stuttering child was more. So considering parenting style and its effects in treating stuttering and other relevant factors are recommended.