فهرست مطالب سید محمود میرخلیلی

Today, within the scope of protective victimology, we are witnessing the specialization of supports aimed at victims, such that vulnerable victims, as a particular spectrum of victims who deserve assistance and support appropriate to their vulnerability, have garnered specific attention in protective victimology. Therefore, it can be said that disabled victims, as a type of vulnerable victims, have special conditions. This is because their disability not only provides a suitable context for them to be at risk of victimization and creates a suitable readiness for the commission of crime by the offender, but also with the occurrence of victimization, they suffer an additional type of harm by experiencing victimization. The findings of this article indicate that in the Iranian legal system, various situational, social, and participatory prevention measures for the victimization of disabled individuals are included in different laws. The data and information have been examined using library and field methods, followed by their description and analysis.

Mass media's representation of crime، deviance، and disorder is one of the constant causes of concern at the community level. Because it causes fear and anxiety in the society. However، this traditional role of the media in representing norm-breaking events can be restored according to some media-oriented theories such as the magic bullet theory and the theory of highlighting and selective writing، and it can play the role of a tool that also has crime prevention training. And also، a control tool on the emotions and inflammations of society after committing a crime. The current research، with an analytical-descriptive method based on library data، tries to achieve this goal، to what extent the media can moderate and control the inflammation and emotionalism caused by committing a crime، and against this role in determining the punishment of the effective offender. be realized the findings of this research show that the media can control the inflammatory atmosphere created in the society with the insinuations they give to the audience in their headlines and texts، and they can control the criminal justice system from a kind of common sense. release a criminal offense. Anyway، this research investigates the different roles of the media in feedback by representing the crime and also reconstructing or depicting the face of the criminal and finally examines this process in determining the punishment.

With its unique features, including the lack of dependence on place and time, cyber space has created a suitable platform for economic activities, but due to the growth of cyber attacks, the security of economic activities has new challenges. And it has seriously faced that it is difficult and insufficient to protect it in the traditional way. The purpose of this article is to provide a suitable model for preventing common cyber attacks related to economic activities.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of implementation method and was conducted using a descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of the qualitative and quantitative section includes university professors and elites in the field of law and cyber security, experts of institutions related to the field of law and cyber security (officials of the National Center for Cyberspace, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, etc.) and experts in cyber fields and Police officers (deputy police chiefs of FATA) and a statistical sample of 18 people were considered purposefully and until theoretical saturation was reached. Also, in the quantitative part, the number of 84 people was determined as a statistical sample. The data analysis of the qualitative part was done using theme analysis and the quantitative part was done with confirmatory factor analysis method with the help of Lisrel software.

Prevention of cyber attacks from two dimensions of management measures with an importance factor of 741/. and technical measures with a factor of 855/. It has been established that the coefficient of technical measures is more than managerial measures, managerial measures of four main components including policy with a coefficient of 819/., social 806/., laws 779/. and management 723/. The dimension of technical measures is composed of two dimensions of technical factors with a coefficient of 884/. and local factors with a coefficient of 812/. Composed.

This presented model, a combination of technical and managerial preventive measures, a risk-based approach and continuous monitoring creates a strong cyber security framework and aligns with the best practices and applies a continuous improvement mentality, creating an ideal framework for preventing Common cyber attacks related to economic activities in the cyberspace provide the custodians of economic activities with cyber security.

field and Aimes : 

As with each other, complex computer features connect with a variety of rights and human freedoms. Complicated computer questions, while a form is expressed, possess one level, and those ingredients can relate to other aspects of the rights and freedoms of humanity. The global organization developed intellectual property, which resulted in serious problems such as the violation of human rights, the right to privacy, the right to self - respect, and Methodology A way of finding out the kind of use and the way of treating a particular investigation - was to collect data and examine it.

show that, while in the mysterious policy of the governments, one of the authors who are to be judged is human rights, and on the other the Deep fake has a connection with human rights, so one of the advances to the criminal machine, according to the degree in which they are complicit, is bound to serve as a part of public political considerations.

The use of a comprehensive title determines a new criminal description for some former criminal titles. This causes a large part of the crimes to have multiple criminal titles and the spiritual multiplicity of the crime is formed in an illogical and unacceptable structure, with this description of the criminalization of comprehensive titles that includes a set of behaviors that face multiple legal challenges. Such as violating the principle of legality of crime and punishment and entrusting criminalization to the judicial authorities, creating a secondary title in many crimes and the wide spiritual multiplicity of crimes, it will bring anxiety and confusion to judges and people in the society and many other negative effects. The transparency of the law and the granting of the authority to criminalize and determine criminal behavior to certain judicial authorities based on the rights of individuals and violating the rule of unspeakable ugliness causes the respect and status of laws in the society to be distorted. Maximum criminalization and criminal inflation are other consequences that pervasive crimes bring with them. Headings such as disorderly conduct, behavior contrary to public modesty, corruption in the world with hidden examples, behavior against trade unions such as clergy and the like are examples of this type of crime in Iran's criminal laws. Therefore, in this research, an attempt has been made, while stating the examples of widespread crimes in Iran's laws, its effects and consequences are investigated in a descriptive-analytical way, in order to provide a suitable platform for more complete research, and to provide the opinion of legislators and experts. Refer to the shortcomings of the law in this case.

The combination of social punishments is a new concept that includes measures determined by the penal systems through the approval of the legislature and implemented with the participation of the community with the motivation of rehabilitation and the participation of more democratic institutions under the supervision of the ruling power. The concept of these punishments is closely related to the term alternatives to imprisonment as the most common, pervasive and dominant type of punishment, because the main origin of social punishments is due to measures taken by criminologists and criminologists to detain and escape the destructive and inevitable consequences of imprisonment. A review of the strengths and weaknesses of each of these types of punishments shows that each has a function commensurate with the specific crime and circumstances, but in the end, the present study concluded that, given that alternative social punishments continue in Iran, gaining a favorable position And due to its social functions, it needs more attention from the judicial system. At the same time, bedding in various dimensions, especially in socio-cultural dimensions, is highly necessary.

Today, virtual social networks are the most powerful online media; To the extent that these networks facilitate the free flow of information to normal users; The circulation of sabotage information and new ways of committing crime has also been facilitated from this context. Any confrontation with crimes related to social networks requires the application of prudent and codified criminal policy. The anonymity of users, the difficulty of accessing professional criminals in this space due to the uncontrollability of non-native social networks and the severe vulnerability of the target, especially children, have doubled the need for growing prevention of crimes committed in this space. In this research, descriptively and analytically, an attempt has been made to analyze the concept in the field of crime prevention by describing the theories of criminological thinkers. The sources collected in this research are library method which has been finalized by using books, articles and related domestic and foreign scientific reports and researches in this field. Findings indicate that the use of community-based institutions, strengthening self-control mechanisms, individual-centered, family-oriented, school-based support programs and utilizing economic, cultural and social capacities to create the necessary conditions to prevent the tendency Children and adolescents are important to delinquency.On the other hand, jurisprudential teachings indicate that children and adolescents are among the most vulnerable sections of society physically, mentally and socially. Unfortunately, due to the limitations of researchers in accessing court cases, no case is properly investigated for the various dimensions of these crimes, and the scope of these crimes and delinquencies is increasing every day.Therefore, creating intelligent and integrated systems for accurate recording of statistics and information related to crimes in this field and providing researchers with access to this data, strengthening local social networks with a spark of creativity and initiative, paying special attention to promoting media literacy by providing And the provision of hardware and software facilities for educating adolescents, young people and their parents, as practical solutions to get out of this situation is suggested.The synergy of the set of governance pillars with the participation of citizens and civil society organizations in this dangerous path is an undeniable necessity.

The components governing the efficiency of the criminal policy system in the management of crime prevention play a decisive role in the fate of the policy system due to their scope of influence. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explain the governing components of the efficiency of the criminal policy system in the management of crime prevention.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the type of research, which was collected and analyzed by using library resources and examining a wide range of documents and procedures and other research works.

the use of a macro approach in the analysis of the crime phenomenon, a systemic approach in criminal policymaking, rationality in criminal policymaking including (elite participation in the policymaking process, proportionality of goals and methods, dynamism and creativity based on foresight) and Policymaking based on good governance indicators is one of the findings of this research.

By formulating and optimally implementing rational policies effective in reducing delinquency, accurate and systematic evaluation and analysis of the results of policy formulation in the field of practice and improving the efficiency of preventive policies and strategies in the shadow of the operationalization of the obtained components In this research, the main goals of the criminal policy system in the management of crime prevention can be achieved.

Today, there is no less hesitation in accepting cyber security crimes as a new type of cyber crimes. However, views and opinions on recognizing the scope and criteria of cyber security crimes are diverse and different, based on this necessity and due to the importance of space. Cyber has opportunities and threats, and the prominent role of cyber power in the position of countries in the global power hierarchy. The main challenge is to know the scope and criteria of cyber security crimes, which has caused controversy, so that different divisions The types and examples of security crimes have been presented. It has been stated and it is possible to commit it, including the Law on Punishment of Crimes of the Armed Forces, which has also examined the procedure for investigating these crimes. Showed that for a comprehensive and accurate understanding of cyber security crimes should be intercepted An adaptive-comparative finding was used and a framework based on interdisciplinary perspective and integration of all approaches was considered. Accordingly, an alternative analytical framework based on the linkage of these approaches is presented.

According to the new approach to representation and reliance on the theory of media constructivism, the mass media, both visual and auditory, do not reflect social reality. Rather, these facts are produced and constructed in the form of their narrative structure. The new theory of representation does not deny the existence of reality. Rather, it claims that reality is not obtained directly; reality emerges through meaning, and meaning is constructed in a social process. In this way, the media do not always act on the basis of what has happened in reality; they often select specific types of crimes, frame criminal phenomena, images of parties involved in crime, and criminal justice officials. This view in the representation of crime can be accompanied by exaggeration and magnification, in the sense that the risk of criminals and the extent of harm suffered by victims of crime, in terms of quantity and quality, is overstated. On the other hand, the media, in representing a number of other crimes, does the exact opposite of what has been described, in the sense that despite the significant damage caused by these crimes, they are not given much attention in the news coverage, and most news and reports are ignored. This research has been conducted by qualitative content analysis method and focusing on the content of media news, and intends to form a realistic view of crime in society by examining news reports and exposing the dual representation and mostly distorted image of crime in the media.

The crucial elements for establishing and ensuring the proper functioning of essential governance structures are legitimacy and acceptance, extensively studied by scholars in the field of political science. This research aims to investigate the impact of rules and regulations outside of prisons on the legitimacy and acceptance required for established governance, contrasting with the traditional functioning of prisons and its adverse effects on this governance sphere. Insufficient attention to the fundamental requirements and needs of individuals, coupled with neglecting supportive patterns based on an open social system and reform and education, creates a path towards the non-acceptance and legitimacy of individuals under the scrutiny of the criminal justice system. The present research utilized a descriptive and analytical methodology. Inspired by an approach contrary to formalistic legalism, the institution of caring for criminals outside of prisons was examined, emphasizing the groundwork for social reintegration and the effective political legitimacy of the system. This analysis recognizes the trend of imprisonment aligned with a dry formalist and tradition-oriented perspective in criminal policy, identified as a factor contributing to the acknowledgment of non-acceptance and legitimacy.

In religious democratic societies, whose criminal policy model is freedom-oriented, the belief in the idea that freedom is an undeniable natural right for the members of the society, and the activities of the government are aimed at preserving and observing the rights of individuals along with the principle of the rule of law and Belief in equality is considered an institutionalized value, of course, unlimited freedom is not an unlimited value that is a license to harm others, but freedom is within the framework of Islamic rules and in line with the holy law and Sharia.

The current research is applied in terms of type and purpose, and descriptive in terms of nature and method, and information was collected through document review and data collection.

The findings of the research show that in democratic societies, the maximum effort in line with the etiology of delinquency is to prevent the development of controlled spaces and the priority of preventive measures is incremental action; In such governments, the dominant aspect of the structural views of crime prevention and community security based on the criminological findings of social reaction, the realization of the minimum standards of social justice by governments through social, economic, and cultural changes based on respect for dignity and It has been human dignity.

The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the delinquency of women in the workplace in the light of criminology teachings and criminal regulations. Research

The current research method was library and descriptive-analytical.

Committing crime and wrongdoing is not specific to a certain social stratum or gender. Men or women in different economic and social positions find opportunities for wrongdoing in different ways. Unbalanced increase in population and its unbalanced distribution, economic crises, increase in unemployment, mass migrations, marginalization in big cities, ethnic strife and increase in crime are among the issues that have attracted the attention of many experts on social issues.

Women's delinquency is a very complex social phenomenon that is seen in different ways in different social environments. The definition of delinquent and delinquent behavior in any society is determined by the legal laws and social norms of that society. Although in most societies, delinquency is defined as a behavior that can be punished by the law, but the legal concept is not enough to explain it. Women's delinquency, in the sense of a variable number of acts committed against legal provisions, which can have different natures, is a common aspect of all human societies. Regardless of the nature of the dispute, these actions are almost always defined and predicted by law. One of the areas of women's delinquency is the work environment, and due to its consequences, there is a need to take measures to prevent actions that can be prevented from committing crimes in the field of women's employment by taking advantage of situational and social prevention.

Abstract Today, countries, due to their political, economical and cultural relations, are trying to adjust their criminal rules to worldwide accepted criteria.To modify the criminal codes based on IRI’s fourth principal’s constitution, they tried to adjust the mentioned above rules with the foundations of the Islamic Sharia and On the other hand, they have tried to review and correct the criminal codes through the new criminal law foundation and human’s achievements. In this regard which means respecting the Sharia foundation as well as adjusting to the modern criminal law courses due to the controversy of these two legal system’s foundations, they would be faced with serious challenges. In this writin, the desceiptive-analytical method, consider the obstacles analyzed the solutions that provided by the government and professionals to be able to offer new point of view for solving the challenges and to adjust the country’s rules to modern criminal law globally.

Sophisticated computer forgeries are one of the virtual technologies that the software used in this technology allows to make all kinds of manipulated and unrealistic videos, images and sounds. The prevalence of such films has created the challenge of disseminating unrealistic information. In such circumstances, the question arises as to what policy the Iranian penal system has adopted towards the Deep Fics. This research is of applied type and descriptive-analytical research method. This study concludes that due to the novelty of this technology in the laws related to cybercrime, this phenomenon has not been specifically addressed. However, Iranian law covers various forms of computer forgery, but there is no proper distinction between types of Deep Fake according to their content and purpose. At the same time, related measures such as their dissemination and promotion have not been systematically criminalized.Sophisticated computer forgeries are one of the virtual technologies that the software used in this technology allows to make all kinds of manipulated and unrealistic videos, images and sounds. The prevalence of such films has created the challenge of disseminating unrealistic information. In such circumstances, the question arises as to what policy the Iranian penal system has adopted towards the Deep Fics. This research is of applied type and descriptive-analytical research method. This study concludes that due to the novelty of this technology in the laws related to cybercrime,

Criminalization of pervasive behaviors is the result of specific criminalization by the legislator which includes a wide range of behaviors. And this type of criminalization from the perspective of legal criminology teachings. And this type of criminalization has many challenges from the point of view of legal criminology such as Violation of the principle of legality of crime and punishment. Leaving criminalization to the judicial authorities. Creating a secondary title in many crimes. Customization of judicial decisions, people's inattention to the laws and the reduction of the respect for the law. The vast immaterial plurality the anxiety and confusion of judges and people in society and many other negative effects.

Method:

 The present research was carried out with a descriptive analytical method.

The basics and reasons for the criminalization of comprehensive crimes are things such as security orientation, populism and the principle of necessity, and criminal titles such as: acquisition of illegal property, disorderly behavior, behavior contrary to public decency, corruption in the world with a wide range of examples, illegal behavior Guild affairs such as clergy and the like are examples of this type of criminalization in Iran's criminal laws, which face a serious challenge.

Conclusion:

 In the end, in line with the solutions to overcome the challenges of pervasive crimes, the conclusion was reached that limiting general criminalization (preventing the occurrence of crime and respecting the principle of human freedom and citizenship rights) and dealing with the complications caused by general criminalization (using Among the reconciliation solutions, the use of alternatives to punishment and judicial minimalism) should be applied.

In criminal law, sometimes a general title such as disruptive behavior, disrespectful conduct, humiliation and the like are included in a form of criminalization that encompasses many other general topics. Some of these topics are general offenses, offenses in the law and some in the free zone or common behavior. It is up to the judiciary to determine the minor details and identify other criminal cases involving the conduct that is in fact a judgment. This type of criminalization raises numerous legal and forensic challenges, such as violating the principle of legality of crime and punishment, creating a secondary title for crime, extremism, confusing people with laws and discrediting some criminal laws and thereby increasing there will be delinquency and many other challenges. The article seeks to explore the aforementioned damages and to come up with solutions that may limit the scope of personal inference and authority of the judiciary.

Punishment is the most obvious form of government interference in the lives of citizens. Today, criminal policy makers do not deny the need for punishment and use the law as a tool to combat crime by meeting standards. One of these basic criteria is human dignity. The application of this criterion in sentencing varies depending on various political approaches governments pursue their criminal policy. In this article, the situation of punishment in the democratic model of criminal policy is examined. Human dignity is sometimes considered by criminal policymakers as the principles governing punishment, in which case on the one hand it avoids severe corporal punishment and on the other hand it maximizes fair punishments, which requires punishment as a necessity. Sometimes, in the light of human dignity and human rights, it leads to qualitative and quantitative changes in punishment, which leads to the elimination of corporal punishment from the criminal arsenal, as well as the humanization of the negative punishment of freedom.

Democracies of criminal policy, with their emphasis on humanistic ideas and individualism in the matter of punishment, have always considered human dignity as a precondition for any criminal policy. Human dignity, although in the past was only present in the teachings of religions and philosophical writings, but today it is in the center of global attention and is reflected in international documents and constitutions of countries. Democratic governments have dramatically placed human dignity at the forefront of sentencing, and punishment in the light of the principle of dignity is a limitation for the legislature of imposing unnecessary and inhumane punishments. Today, human dignity is considered as one of the foundations of social order as a new strategy of criminal policy and is reflected in the penal system of criminal policy models. The individual is far more penetrating and guaranteed in the deterministic layers of the punishment strategy. It is obvious that governments without the intellectual presupposition and philosophical ideology cannot achieve the goals they seek from the execution of punishment. Therefore, the extent of government intervention in controlling the behavior of citizens and its prohibition through criminalization and punishment depends on the type of political system and ideology governing the political structure of that government. The importance of justifying punishment stems from the fact that the "human being" as a part of the body of society, is considered in the context of the goals of punishment in the field of punishment. Therefore, one of the most important basic criteria in sentencing is the observance of "human dignity", which is called "dignity-based punishment". 

This research is a descriptive-analytical method using written and documentary sources; On the other hand, due to the lack of internal resources, the data has been collected mainly using external source. 

Democracies of criminal policy, with an emphasis on humanistic and individualistic ideas in sentencing, have always considered human dignity as a precondition for any criminal policy. Human dignity, although in the past was only present in the teachings of religions and philosophical writings, but today it is in the center of global attention and is reflected in international documents and constitutions of countries. So that by anticipating and approving it in international documents and obliging member states to comply with the content of this principle in domestic regulations, it has gained transnational validity and member states in their constitutions, which is the manifestation of legal recognition aimed at protecting the individual. And his rights are enacted, in order to guarantee and observe human dignity in punishment, they have given it foresight and supra-legislative validity. The role of human dignity in the new strategy of criminal policy can be examined from two dimensions. "Human dignity" is sometimes considered as a criterion of punishment by criminal policymakers, and sometimes in the light of human dignity and the achievements of human rights and criminology, it has led to changes in punishment in terms of quality and quantity throughout history and in the name of human rights as A "rightful" person is viewed as a human being and creates a change in punishment, which is a historical, historical and temporal phenomenon; Therefore, in the light of attention to the inherent dignity of human beings, various types of punishments, including imprisonment (imprisonment) have become more humane and prisoners have the basic rights as a "rightful" human being, as well as a trace of corporal punishment. It is not seen as flogging and amputation, and it is in the light of the protection and guarantee of the inherent human dignity that these punishments, in different periods of history, have disappeared from the criminal arsenal today.In the other dimension, the "principle of human dignity", as a criterion of punishment based on orbital dignity, causes the avoidance of unnecessary punishments. In other words, if punishment is imposed without the necessity of necessity, it deals with the criterion of human dignity and is not prescribed. Which in this model is based on the teachings of liberal thought and attention to freedom and individualism. Human dignity also acts as a limiter of inhuman punishments in the matter of punishment, which in this sense prevents governments from imposing some inhuman and cruel punishments in dealing with the dignity and honor of human beings. Consequently, the compliance of punishment with human dignity, even before it is considered necessary, is considered by democratic systems. The human requirement of considering punishment in the eyes of the democratic model is that the existence of guilt is a condition for the imposition of punishment on human beings, and on the other hand, the equality of individuals in punishment and the absence of degrading features should be observed.

One of the main results of this study is that punishment as a manifestation of government authority is closely related to the political and ideological system of each country, so that the "theory of punishment" is derived from the "political theory" of governments. Thus, the application of the criterion of human dignity in sentencing differs depending on which political approach governments pursue their criminal policy. The model of democratic criminal policy inspired by the liberal political system, based on its specific components such as "individualism", "freedom", "rule of law" and "minimal government intervention" has had a significant impact on the "theory of punishment". Therefore, human dignity as a divine gift should not be subject to the decision-makers and norm-makers of the legislative system, and under the pretext of committing a crime, punishments should be determined and executed that are inherent in dealing with dignity; This principle has penetrated into all layers of criminal justice and its observance is necessary at every stage of the criminal process (sentencing, sentencing and execution of punishment). 

Humanity has withnessed changes during different priods, changes that with the passage of time and the formation of governments and under the influence of social values have the ability to change punishments. Values that are acceptable to societies, regardless of geographical differences and are necessary to defend it that depending on the structure of society, the imoact of each of these values will be different. Accordingly, the question under consideration is which of the social values will have the greatest impact on the evolution of punishment with emphasizing on cultural geography. The results of the study indicate that societies, in all societies,there are social values with different discourses, but in the geographical region of Iran, values based on ethics and culture will have the ability to have the maximum impact on the punishment. In such a way that the perception of the impact of political pressures on the evolution of punishment, especially in severe punishments such as stoning and flogging has been minimized. Therefore, today the Iranian criminal policy through the development of freedom and democracy and in accordance with expediency and also based on social values, has found the ability to abolish or replace such punishnents, which can also be a sign of more humane punishmenys.

In the Iranian penal system, hate crimes reflect, above all, ideological attitudes and prevailing collective values; While the status of these crimes is originally based on the protection of individual or minority beliefs in order to be somehow protected against the power of the collective or the power of the majority. Policy-making on hate crimes in Iran has taken two different paths: first, according to the Law on the Propagation of Racial Discrimination adopted in 1977, it has a universal approach to the category of protected values, and second, the amendments to the penal code of the Islamic Penal Code. It has a local and national approach to the desired values. Using library resources and descriptive and analytical methods, this article tries to explain the policy against hate crime based on an interdisciplinary approach in criminal law and political sociology, and by examining the course and method of policy-making. In this regard, it is concluded that hate crimes, more than any other type of crime, have the capacity to be influenced by the distance between the collective beliefs and values ​​of the majority and individual beliefs and the wishes of the minority, if supported by political power. From the collective belief, policy-making on these crimes will generally deviate from its right path.

The purpose of this study is to compare the educational Strategies of Britain, Iran, and the United States to prevent drug demand among the young generation. In this comparative study, the researchers used a documentary method to collect data, and a "thematic content analysis" approach for data analysis. The first finding of the study points to the similarity of the three countries in the upward trend in drug use among the younger generation. The second finding is that the criminal policy of Britain and the United States in the fight against drug use is mainly demand-oriented, while the supply-oriented approach is still prevalent in Iran. Another finding reveals the similarity of the criminal policies of the three countries in the field of intolerance of the distribution of any drugs among students. The research findings also indicated that in Iran the variety of drugs (especially psychedelics) is higher but the percentage of students consuming is lower, while in Britain and the United States the percentage of young consumers is higher but the variety of drugs is less. In addition, the research showed that the variety and scope of educational programs and schemes, as well as the active presence of non-governmental organizations in schools to combat drug use in Britain and the United States is greater than in Iran. Considering the findings, it is suggested to the Iran’s legal and educational legislators to make reforms such as emphasizing the demand-based approach, adoption of laws related to promoting the participation of non-governmental organizations, and increasing the coverage of educational strategies to combat drug use

A purposeful and targeted criminal policy does not think only about criminalization and exercising the punishment, but it seeks to make optimal use of criminal institutions in order to correct, treat, and socialize the criminals. Forgiveness is one of the institutions used to prevent from the consequences of criminological labels and to provide the criminals with opportunity to repent and return to the honorable social life. Repentance is not only a relationship between the individual and Allah, but is an institution with a special place in the criminal policy of Islam which has been focused in many verses of the Quran. Although forgiveness is not applicable for all kinds of crimes and criminals, generally it can be said that this criminal policy has been accepted in Islam for the minor crimes and about blue-collar criminals and the public, ordinary people, whose behavior is considered to be a mistake and disorder. This policy is not recommended for important crimes and white-collar criminals.

The projection of the government into accepting the causes of policy failure and blaming the accused is the most important feature of the ram victim theory. The inability of the government to provide security and the consequent increase in crime rates cause people to distrust the criminal justice authorities and crime control institutions. Criminal populism is one of the foundations of this theory and the approach according to which policymakers and those involved in the criminal justice system in order to gain public support and legitimacy, regardless of scientific findings and criteria of effectiveness and efficiency, only by intensifying punishment to control crimes. They come. The pattern of security in criminal law is another cornerstone of the ram victim theory, in which criminals, who are often the victims of unfavorable social conditions around them, are once again the victims of the regime's misguided criminal policies. In the present study, while explaining the concept and principles of the ram victim theory, Iran's criminal policy has been evaluated with the criteria of this theory. The results of the research show that Iranian criminal policymakers, both in the legislative and judicial sectors, to a large extent adhere to the ideas and procedures arising from security-oriented criminal policy and the discourse of criminal populism. In this regard, it is necessary for the Iranian criminal policy authorities to identify the real causes of crime by following a positive example and adhering to scientific principles and foundations,

The role of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil in preventing crimes related to social networks Fundamentals, resources, opportunities and challenges Abstract Social crime prevention is more fundamental than situational prevention, but the high cost and late achievement of the result have made criminal policymakers less likely to pursue social prevention strategies. However, in different cultures, strategies can be adopted for this type of prevention that are welcomed by the public to reduce the scope of crime to a large extent with public participation. One of the methods is enjoining what is good and forbidding what is evil, which has been approved as a religious duty by the holy shari'a and the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, but it has still been neglected. . This article seeks to show how enjoining the good and forbidding the evil can, as an example of social prevention, eliminate the context of crimes, especially crimes related to social networks. Enjoining the good and forbidding the evil is not only a religious solution and a religious duty, but also has rational and logical foundations, and therefore in non-religious countries, it has been welcomed by policymakers under the title of public oversight. Accordingly, in addition to religious principles and sources, we have also explored rational and legal principles and sources. Of course, the implementation of this duty faces many obstacles and challenges. created by forming parties and non-governmental organizations and strengthening and supporting them, and this tool should not be used politically or factionally, and those who perform this duty should not be held accountable. Also, the conditions and levels of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil must be carefully observed and it must not be exploited as a tool, otherwise it will lead to the opposite result. .

Criminality is a natural phenomenon in society and one of the approaches available to it is the crime risk management approach. In this approach by utilizing the gains of forensic justice and the use of criminal statistics, the risk levels of each of the crime categories are assessed and the high-risk offenders with the most severe responses and the low-risk offenders with the softest responses are encountered. There are clear examples of this approach in the approaches of the Iranian criminal justice system. Ranking and determining punishable sanctions, prohibiting the imposition of penal sanctions on certain crimes, and imposing a punitive punishment for failure to execute retribution are examples of the Iranian penal system's approach to crime risk management. In addition, criminal justice appointments, special criminal proceedings, and so on are the most important frameworks for implementing the criminal risk management approach of the Iranian criminal justice system. From these examples, it can be concluded that the criminal risk management approach is openly accepted by the Iranian criminal justice system