طیبه محمدی

 Evaluation of CA19-9 tumor marker level as a suitable and specific marker is useful in early diagnosis and clinical management of pancreatic malignancies with new and reliable laboratory methods such as quantitative luminescence method.

 The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the serum level of CA 19-9 by quantitative luminescence method for the early diagnosis of PADC from other benign pancreatic diseases.

 150 serum samples including; 50 samples with PDAC in different stages of the disease, 50 samples with benign disease conditions (chronic pancreatitis) and 50 healthy samples were examined as reference and control groups based on age/sex. Data analysis was done using Spss version 18 in separate groups with logistic regression analysis, comparison of means (ANOVA) and Tukey.

 The three studied groups (healthy people with an average of 8.031, people with chronic pancreatitis with an average of 49.932, and people with pancreatic cancer with an average of 543.164 (F=231.652, P<0.0001) in terms of average statistical analysis The averages were completely different.90% of the patients were over 50 years old and there was a significant relationship between increasing age and increasing tumor marker CA19-9 (r=0.465, n=150, P=0.000).There was a weak significant relationship between the increase in CA19-9 tumor marker levels in men compared to women (r=0.166, n=150, P=0.042) and in men there was a significant increase in CA19-9 tumor marker levels (30 out of 50 people Patients with pancreatic cancer: 60%) were seen. Also, differentiation of chronic pancreatitis patients from pancreatic cancer with ROC statistical analysis at the cut-off point at 100 units/ml had 100% accuracy in identifying malignancy.

 The level of tumor marker CA 19-9, using age and gender factors, significantly distinguished healthy people from those with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer with very appropriate accuracy.

In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes and subsequently, in vitro fertilization (IVF) for the generation of embryos in the laboratory have important values. Considering that antioxidants are known as effective free radicals scavenger, it is possible to improve the in vitro oocyte maturation and the fetal quality. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Thymbra spicata hydroalcoholic extract as a source of antioxidant on in-vitro sheep oocyte maturation. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from ewe ovaries and were cultured for 24 hours in maturation medium in TCM supplemented with FSH, LH, FBS, cysteamine, pyruvate sodium and antibiotics (control group) and in maturation medium without cysteamine (as an antioxidant) supplemented with different doses of Thymbra spicata hydroalcoholic extract (1mg/ml: group 1, 10 mg/ml: group 2, 50 mg/ml: group 3) as an antioxidant. In-vitro maturation stages and resumption of meiotic was assessed by determination of cumulus cells mass expansion and number of oocytes in metaphase II stage of meiotic division in all groups. Cumulus cells mass expansion was similar between control, 2 and 3 groups. However, in group 1 was lower than control group. Nuclear maturation was similar between control and group 3 and both of them were different with groups 1 and 2. The results of this study showed that the Thymbra spicata hydro alcoholic extract, has a positive effect on oocyte maturation that is doses dependent. So with increasing concentration of Thymbra spicata hydroalcoholic extract, the rate of maturation immature oocytes is increased. Generally, we conclude that addition of appropriate amounts of natural extracts such as Thymbra spicata to maturation medium improves oocytes maturation.

Bone tissue engineering is a progressive approach in bone tissue repair in medical science. Induction of osteogenic differentiation is a very important process for bone repair. Fibrin as a natural polymer is used in bone tissue engineering studies as a 3D cell culture scaffold. In this study, the osteogenic differentiation effects of fibrin hydrogel scaffold on mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human Wharton's jelly have been investigated.

The third passage of Wharton jelly human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) were cultured in two groups of two-dimensional culture and three-dimensional culture of fibrin hydrogel scaffold. DMEM Low-Glucose medium containing 10% FBS and 1% antibiotic was added to both groups. These cells were kept for 21 days at 37°C and 5% CO2, and their medium was changed every three days. At the end of the culture period, their osteogenic differentiation potential was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and alizarin red staining.

Mineralization was observed in the 3D culture group and was significantly reddened by alizarin red staining. Nevertheless, very few red dots were observed in the two-dimensional culture group. The activity of alkaline phosphatase enzyme was measured as 140.64±4.2 in the three-dimensional culture group and 6.85±0.46 in the two-dimensional culture group, and the difference between them was significant (P≤0.001).

Fibrin hydrogel can induce differentiation of WJ-MSCs into bone cells in the absence of osteogenic factors.

Nanotechnology is an emerging branch of science that is widely used in various fields including medicine. Nanoparticles (NPs) are produced by various compounds in size, shape, and different chemical properties, which can be used in a variety of biological and biomedical applications. Metal NPs are used widely in many fields and have various properties making them appropriate for use in medical applications.Zinc is an essential trace element for almost all living organisms. Due to possessing a significant role in versatile biological processes, including fetal development, natural growth, wound healing, metabolism, immunity, cognitive functions, sperm generation, bone mineralization, neurological, and enzymatic processes.In recent decades, zinc oxide NPs have been one of the most popular types of NPs with numerous biological applications due to their biocompatibility and low toxicity and are used in a wide range of commercial applications including applications in many different industries such as pharmaceuticals, textiles, dyes, rubber, tissue engineering, antibacterial agents, and anti-cancer. Nowadays, significant scientific interest has been directed toward the application of nanomaterials in the modulation of stem cell proliferation and differentiation for further application in regenerative medicine. Zinc is one of the most plentiful trace metals in the human body and was reported to be essential for the regeneration of bone. ZnO-NPs exhibit attractive antibacterial properties. Particular emphasis was given to bactericidal and bacteriostatic mechanisms with a focus on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS has been a major factor for several mechanisms including cell wall damage due to ZnO-localized interaction, enhanced membrane permeability, internalization of NPs due to loss of proton motive force, and uptake of toxic dissolved zinc ions.  ZnO NPs present certain cytotoxicity in cancer cells and induce cancer cell death via the apoptosis signaling pathway. This autophagy induction was positively correlated with the dissolution of ZnO NPs in lysosomes to release zinc ions, and zinc ions released from ZnO NPs were able to damage lysosomes, leading to impaired autophagic flux and mitochondria.ZnO nanostructures, featuring antimicrobial activity, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis, have been also combined with additive manufacturing technologies with the final aim of designing novel advanced hybrid scaffolds for tissue engineering.Zinc deficiency is positively correlated with diabetes and may also affect the progress of Type 2 diabetes. Several zinc complexes have been synthesized and proven to be effective in rodent models of diabetes.ROS are generated by metal oxide nanoparticles which considerably help in fibroblast proliferation. The interlinkage of the fibroblast cells and zinc oxide nanoparticles was impacted by the surface area and particle size of the nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles dressing increases apoptosis, bacteria clearance, platelet activation, tissue necrosis, re-epithelialization, tissue scar formation, debris removal, angiogenesis, and stem cell activation through wound healing. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems (DDS) can overcome the aforementioned limitations by releasing the drugs in a slow and sustained manner and delivering them to the desired area of the body system. This article provides an overview of some of the research relating to the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles in biological sciences.

Many previous studies have proved that the anatomical features of ewe cervix can affect the success of artificial insemination. These characteristics differ in sheep breeds. This study aimed to describe the anatomical features of cervix in Zandi ewes.One hundred and ninety threenonpregnant and clinically healthy reproductive tracts of adult and non-adult Zandi sheep were collected from a slaughter house and were divided into follicular or luteal phase.Then, the morphology of the vaginal protrusion of cervix was classified as slit, papilla, duckbill, flap or rose. The depth of penetration of an inseminating pipette was recorded. The cervical canal of each tract was filled with a silicone sealant for casting the mould. The cervices were sectioned longitudinally, and the length, number of cervical rings and the arrangement of the rings were recorded. The degree of completeness and interdigitations of the folds recorded as one of three grades 1, 2, and 3 cervices. The results showed the Papillatype was more common in vaginal protrusion of cervix and the most depth of penetration was in Slittype. The mean length of cervix, distance from cervix external os to first ring and the depth of penetration in adult ewes were significantly more than those in non-adult ewes. The mean distance betweencervical external osand first and second ringsand the depth of cervical penetration in follicular phase were more than those in luteal phase.The mean number of cervical ridges was 5 and 6 in 94% and 6% of cervices, respectively. Grades 1, 2, and 3 cervices, were observed in 64%, 25% and 11% of samples, respectively. The information generated in this study would be useful for increasing the success rate of penetration in ewes exhibiting estrus in order to improve the lambing rate of tropical ewes following transcervical AI.

Cell therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be a promising tool in regenerative medicine. One of the richest sources of mesenchymal stem cells is fetal bone marrow. Silymarin has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities with a positive effect on the proliferation of some cells as well as anti-osteoporosis properties. This study aimed to show the effect of silymarin on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from the bone marrow of sheep embryos into the osteogenic line.

Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the bone marrow of sheep embryos. MTT test was performed to investigate the cytotoxicity of silymarin on cells at different concentrations for 24 and 72 hours. Then, cells in one of 8 groups 1: negative control; 2: treated with 10 μmol/liter silymarin in the usual environment, 3: treated with 20 μmol/liter silymarin in the usual environment, 4: treated with 100 μmol/liter estradiol in the usual environment, 5: positive control, 6: treatment treated with 10 μmol/liter silymarin in the differentiation medium, 7: treated with 20 μmol/liter silymarin in the differentiation medium, 8: treated with 100 μmol/liter in the differentiation medium, were cultured for 21 days. To determine the osteogenic differentiation of cells, the deposition of hydroxyapatite ions was examined using alizarin staining, and also, the amount of ALP enzyme secretion was also measured in the studied groups.

Comparing the average optical absorption of cells at different concentrations between 24 and 72 hours after treatment showed that the average optical absorption of cells at zero concentration of silymarin after 72 hours of treatment decreased in comparison with those treated for 24 hours (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed in other concentrations (P>0.05). Examining the level of ALP enzyme secretion, 21 days after treatment with silymarin in the studied groups showed that the highest level of enzyme secretion was in group 8 (P≤0.05). The lowest amount of enzyme secretion was observed in group 1 (negative control) and then in group 2 and group 3 respectively (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between groups 4, 5, and 6 (P>0.05). Based on the alizarin red staining results, calcium ions deposition was observed in all the groups related to the differentiation medium, which increased in groups 8, 7, 6, and 5, respectively. In the groups cultured in the usual environment, there was no calcification in group 1 and the amount of calcification increased in groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively. In total, the amount of calcification in the differentiation environment groups was higher in comparison with the usual environment.

During this study, Silymarin had no toxic effect on the mesenchymal stem cells derived from the bone marrow of sheep embryos in the studied concentrations after 24 and 72 hours of treatment. It increased the differentiation of the cells into the osteogenic lineage in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, it seems that with further studies and identification of the molecular pathways of silymarin's effect, it can be used in cell therapy in order to repair bone lesions.

 

This study aims to evaluate the effects of zinc sulfate on blood biochemical and hematological parameters in healthy control and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. 

Experimentally, 40 rats were used in four equal groups, including healthy control, healthy feed with zinc sulfate, diabetic control, and zinc sulfate. The alloxan 120 mg/kg with blood sugar over 140-250 mg / dL was intraperitoneally injected to induce diabetes mellitus. In addition, the value of 0.6 g / L zinc sulfate dissolved in tap water was used for three months to be drunk by the treated group. All animals were killed, and blood and pancreas samples were collected for necessary tests. Serum levels of alpha-amylase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were measured. Statistical data were analyzed based on the analysis of variance using SPSS software.

Our data showed that in the diabetic control group, serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL increased significantly and hemoglobin, hematocrit, and HDL decreased significantly compared to the healthy control (P< 0.05). Zinc sulfate consumption in these groups reduces total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and increases hemoglobin and hematocrit compared to the control groups. Microscopic examination of the pancreas showed that in the diabetic control group, the percentage of Beta cells was reduced compared to the other groups.

Our findings reveal that dietary zinc sulfate not only exerts no damage to bodies but also zinc sulfate as food supplement seems to have beneficial effects on biochemical and hematological parameters in diabetic and healthy animals.
 
Keywords: Alloxan, Zinc Supplementation, Biochemical parameters, Diabetic mellitus

Water frogs are an important part of the food chain in ecosystems and natural pest control. Khuzestan province, due to climatic diversity, can be a suitable area for biosphere studies. In this regard, in the present study, the karyology of P. bedriagae was studied and the reproductive capacity was compared, along with the amplitude of male voice fluctuations in the breeding season in the northern and southern regions of Khuzestan province. Twenty-one specimens of adult swamp frogs were caught live during the spring and autumn of 1995-96 and transferred to the laboratory. Species karyology, like other reports, was n = 262 and had sex chromosomes, which were divided into two groups: 5 pairs of metacentric type and 8 pairs of sub-metacentric type. Sex x chromosomes were the largest chromosome in the group y were the smallest chromosome in the group, and both types were metacentric. In the section on comparing reproductive capacity, the populations of both sexes in the northern and southern regions had the highest reproductive capacity in spring. In addition, males with higher callus weight and diameter and also females with higher weight had higher reproductive capacity. . The amplitude of the male acoustic sounds also showed that the males of the southern regions have an average intensity and amplitude of more sounds than the males of the northern regions.

The water frog (P. bedriagae) is considered as an important part of the food network balance in most ecosystems, it is affected by many environmental stresses and the distribution of its populations is strongly dependent on ecological factors. In this study, extensive sampling of swamp frog populations in the northern and southern parts of Khuzestan province was performed and the analysis of changes in morphological traits under the influence of geographical separation was performed. The results showed the presence of sexual morphology between morphological traits (T-test, ANOVA). In addition, the results of MANOVA and T2 Hotelling test showed demographic separation between males and the absence of demographic separation in females in the northern and southern regions. To prove such a difference, multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. According to the results of the test, the male populations were divided into two separate groups, while in the female populations only a few were scattered and the rest formed a single group. Finally, the cluster analysis of the studied populations was divided into two groups based on morphometric traits, the population of Shush region and the population of the southern regions and parts of the northern regions. According to the results, despite the two morphologies and demographic separation in males based on morphological traits, demographic separation was not fully confirmed. Thus, despite the geographical separation of the populations of the two northern and southern regions of Khuzestan province, they still show a single population in terms of morphological traits.

The city of Ahvaz is considered the most polluted city in the world by blowing dust from neighboring countries which makes this study important. The results show that the smaller the particles, the more permeable they become and pass through the respiratory filters and causing disease. In this study, the effect of fine particulate matters in different cities of Khuzestan province of Iran was compared on the liver histology and oxidative stress enzymes of male rats. 30 adult male rats were divided into six equal groups including control, Ahvaz, Ramhormoz, Andimeshk, Abadan, and Susangard which were treated for two months. The results of serum oxidative stress enzyme activity increased only for the glutathione peroxidase in Ramhormoz and Abadan groups. The histological examination of liver revealed bleeding, mild hyperemia, and changes in hepatocyte cells. The nuclear area in central vein region, hepatocyte area in portal, and vein regions showed significant changes. Moreover, kupffer cell number of the portal region significantly increased in Ahvaz, Abadan, and Andimeshk groups. Therefore, due to different heavy metals composition, fine dusts have different effects on blood and liver parameters which depend on their amount and duration of exposure.

Green toad (Bufotes variabilis) is the most successful species of the Bufonidae family distributed throughout Iran due to its high ecological tolerance.  In this study, the populations of this species in the northern and southern regions of Khuzestan province were studied with emphasis on microclimate differences and sea level elevation. The results showed that: sex ratio in Northern Province was in favor of females and in south in favor of males.  Results of multivariate analysis of variance confirmed the existence of sexual dimorphy in the species populations of both regions .Demographic separation between the northern and southern populations of both sexes was confirmed.Female populations were completely separated at Shush and Shavour stations, and at Shadegan and Khorramshahr stations, respectively.In the male population, Hamidieh and Shadegan stations had the least similarity and Shavour, Shadegan and Khorramshahr stations were the most similar. The number of chromosomes was 2n=22 in both regions and no polyploidy was observed.

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating role of self-concept in the relation between attachment to parents and peers with prosocial behaviors.

The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of the study included all the first grade students of the seven to ninth grades of the schools in one and two regions of Hamedan to 21690, among them two-step random sampling 570 people among the schools in Shahed 1, Shahed 2, Forough School and Fatemeh Al-Zahra School, two schools from each district and from each school 4 classes were selected. The study tool was the inventory of parent and peer attachment by Armsden & Greenberg (IPPA), self-concept questionnaire (SCQ) by Sarswat 1984 and empathy index by Bryant (1982). After exclusion of 50 distortion questionnaires, data were analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis.

The results of this study showed that physical self-concept (P<0.01, β=0.176) at a significant level of 0.01 and social self-concept (P<0.05, β=0.130) and moral self-concept (P<0.05, β=0.122) at a significant level of 0.05 and positively predict empathy. The attachment to the mother (P<0.01, β=0.175) and attachment to peers (P<0.05, β=0.117) positively and at a significant level of 0.01 predict empathy.

It is suggested to reducing the antisocial behaviors in schools and increasing empathy behaviors on improving the self-concept of adolescents and restoring their attachment to parents and peers be focused.

Amphibians were the most primordial vertebrates and the first vertebrates which came to live in land. Pelophylax bedriagae, clades that include north western and southwestern populations forms a monophyletic group along with samples from Turkey. The present study was conducted in northern parts of Khuzestan Province with the aim of evaluating the characteristics of morphology, morphometry, reproductive characteristics and skin texture study. For this purpose, 50 frog samples were collected from northern parts of Khuzestan province during the spring and autumn, and were transported to the laboratory. After specification, morphological traits and morphometric characteristics were investigated. According to the results of morphology, 3 types of pouring were identified among the samples and according to the gender independentness test, polymorphic traits and gender traits were independent. Moreover, 10 traits were evaluated for each morphometric sample. The results of T-test between male and female showed that there was a significant difference in all traits, except for hip length and arm length. As for the results of the T2 Hotelling test suggests sexual dimorphism between males and females. However, the results of multivariate analysis of variance showed the segregation of the population in male gender and the non-separation of the population in the female sex. In reproductive reproductive performance, the highest breeding power for both sexes was observed in spring. Examinations on the structure of the skin in the two regions of the back and abdomen indicated although there were epidermis and dermal surfaces in both areas, collagen fibers were thinner on the abdominal surface than the back surface.

Amphibian are the first resident vertebrates in dry habitats that have retained their dependency to aqueous habitats and adapted to this type of life. Different habitats affect skin structure and reproductive potential of amphibians. The aim of this study was comparison of skin histology and reproductive potential of marsh frog affected by geographical separation (the city as a geographical barrier) in the northern and southern regions of Khuzestan. 24 mature adult frogs were trapped and transferred to the laboratory. After identification of the target species based on the characteristics of the index, the samples were euthanized to get tissue samples. Histological sections wereprepared. In order to evaluate the reproductive characteristics, the gonadal index in males and the degree of assimilation were calculated in females. Regarding two determinant factors, the northern and southern regions of Khuzestan province, as well as back and abdominal surfaces, there was a significant difference in all measured histometric parameters (P<0.05). Differences in histometric parameters were influenced by the environmental and ecological factors. Also, based on studies, these kinds of determinants can be useful in determining the type of skin glands in different species. In comparison of reproductive potential, both sexes in the northern and southern regions have the highest reproductive capacity in spring,and male subjects with the weight and diameter of the pins, and also the subjects of the material with more weight, they had more reproductive capacity. Therefore, the spawning season of the species began in late March and peaked in the middle of the spring.

Hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus are two incident human diseases that occur simultaneously in frequent cases. There are conflicting reports regarding hypothyroid effect on blood glucose and insulin levels. In the present study by caring glucose tolerance test, measuring fasting insulin level and assessing histological alterations in Langerhans islets of experimentally hypothyroid rats, we investigated if hypothyroidism can induce diabetes mellitus?

In the present study, twenty male wistar rats were divided into two groups of control and hypothyroid. In order to induce hypothyroidism, this group was drank tap water containing 0.02% PTU (propylthiouracil) and the control group was given tap water. At five weeks of experiment glucose tolerance test was performed and three weeks later blood samples were prepared for T4, T3, TSH and Insulin hormones measurement. The pancreas tissue then extracted for histological assessment.

Our results indicate that 5 week consumption of 0.02% PTU does not affect glucose tolerance test significantly while 8 week consumption decrease hormones levels of T3, T4 and insulin and increase TSH significantly (p<0.01). Histological findings show no changes in Langerhans architecture in hypothyroid rats contrast to control group.

Based on our findings we can conclude that hypothyroid disease through unknown mechanism decreases insulin level significantly and it can lead to histological changes in Langerhans islets and consequently to prevalence of diabetes mellitus.

Skeletocronology is a reliable method for estimating the age but in amphibians little researches have been done in this field. In the present study, for the first time in the country of Iran, the age structure of the population, growth pattern and reproductive primary age were studied in the populations of marsh frog in the northern and southern regions of Khuzestan province. For this purpose, 20 female and male marsh frog samples were fished alive in the Khuzestan province and transferred to the laboratory. After biometric studies, the specimens were prepared and after the removal of the bones of the limbs, bone samples were passaged as routine histotechnique. The number of growth stop lines and samples age were determined. In order to determine the relationship between age and body weight, body length and age with eye lens weight, the data was analyzed statistically. the maximum number of loops counted in this population is . The adult age of males of northern and southern, males of the northern and males of the southern regions was determined 2,2 and 3 years respectively. with increasing age of females, the co-integration rate of females was reduced which is explainable by the reduction in bioavailability due to the increase in biological age. According to the results, there was a significant correlation between age of animals with body and  eye lens weight, but there was no significant correlation between age of  animals with body length, except a limited number of males in northern regions (P<0.05) There was.

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating role of self-concept in the relation between attachment to parents and peers with prosocial behaviors. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of the study included all the first grade female students of the seven to ninth grades of the schools in one and two regions of Hamedan to 21690, among them two-step random sampling according to recommendation of Mishel 1993, the ratio of 10 to 20 subjects per observed variable and Guadagnoli & Velicer (1998), a minimum of 450 people and considering the probability of a sample loss, 570 people among the schools in Shahed 1, Shahed 2, Forough School and Fatemeh Al-Zahra School, two schools from each district and from each school 4 classes were selected. The study tool was the inventory of parent and peer attachment by Armsden & Greenberg (1987), self-concept questionnaire by Sarswat 1984 and prosocial personality battery by Penner, Fritzsche, Craiger, & Freifeld (1995). After exclusion of 48 distortion questionnaires and 2 outlier data, data were analyzed using structural equation modeling method. In this study, the indirect path coefficient of attachment to the peers with prosocial behaviors (β= 0.064, P= 0.001), attachment to the father with prosocial behaviors (β= 0.033, P= 0.018) and attachment to the mother with prosocial behaviors (β= 0.022, P= 0.073) were positive and significant. It is suggested to reducing the antisocial behaviors in schools and increasing prosocial behaviors on improving the self-concept of adolescents and restoring their attachment to parents and peers be focused.  

It is a continuing effort to develop new anticancer drugs. It has been reported that albendazole has antiproliferative effects on several tumor cell lines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the killing effect of albendazole on HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells.
Cultured HT-29 cells were treated with albendazole in 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/ml concentrations for 1, 3 and 5 days. Cellular viability and proliferation were evaluated by MTT and Trypan blue assays at determined days after treatment.
The comparison of cells count and viability in control group and treated groups with albendazole at different concentrations showed significant differences in days 1, 3 and 5.
Albendazole can suppress HT-29 cells proliferation and induces cell death in a dose and time dependent manner

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer related death. Ginger is an edible and medicinal plant having important health benefits including anticancer activity. The aim of this study was evaluation and comparison of the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of ginger on lung cancer cells and normal mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Human lung cancer cell line A459 and normal mouse embryonic fibroblasts were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of ginger extract for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The MTT assay was used to determine cell viability. Ginger extract in concentrations of 1800 and 2000 µg/ml had killed both of cells at 72 hours after treatment and caused morphological changes in cells which were more obviously in cancer cells. Ginger extract in concentrations of 1000, 1200, 1400, 1800 and 2000 µg/ml killed cancer cells more than embryonic cells(P

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Despite extensive efforts, an ideal medicine has not been yet found for cancer treatment. Cinnamon contains strong anti-oxidative compounds. This study evaluated and compared the lethal effect of cinnamon extract on the A459 line lung cancer cells with cyclophosphamide.
Cinnamon extract was prepared by soxhlet set. Then A459 cells were seeded and treated with 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/ml concentrations of cinnamon and cyclophosphamide for 1, 3 and 5 days. Cell viability and morphology were evaluated on certain days after treatment. The expression of apoptotic genes including Bad, Bax and Bcl-2 was evaluated by qRT-PCR.
Comparison of the cell viability percent in treated groups showed that lethal effect of cinnamon is equal to cyclophosphamide in 1 and 10 mg/ml concentrations on the 5th day but it was less than cyclophosphamide in other concentrations and days (p Cinnamon hydroalcoholic extract can induce apoptosis in A459 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner and be similar to cyclophosphamide with increasing concentration.

Zinc ion is the second essential element in living organisms and is necessary for lots of enzymes activity e. g. alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. This ion also takes part in biological processes as human growth, immune response, and nerve function. Zinc deficiency causes significant decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase or increase in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity. Increase in these two later enzymes, in turn, is an indicator of tissue damage even though there are controversies among researchers. Accordingly, we decided to study the effect of 0. 6 gm/L of zinc sulfate in drinking water in a period of 3 months treatment on serum activities of hepatic enzymes in adult rats. Twenty female rats were selected in two equal groups as control and treated groups. For a period of three months, zinc sulfate dissolved in tap water was used to drink by the treated group while the control group drank tap water. Both groups had full access to pellet food during this study. Serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphates and lactate dehydrogenase were measured finally. Zinc sulfate significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase while it showed no effects on the three other enzymes. Dietary zinc sulfate not only exerts no damage to liver but also as food supplement seems to have protective effect on this organ.

Human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells are one of the valuable sources for cell therapy and tissue engineering, and for these purposes, it is necessary to proliferate them in culture medium. Culture medium imposes oxidative stress on cells. Vitamin C (vit C) is a potent antioxidant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vit C on proliferation and differentiation of these cells.
After isolation and culture of cells from umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly, cells of third passage culture, were treated with different concentrations of vit C in five groups, including: 1- without vit C, 2- supplemented medium with 5µM of vit C; 3- supplemented medium with 50µM of vit C; 4- supplemented medium with 250, and 5- supplemented medium with 500µM of vit C. The treatment period was 9days. Cellular bioviability was assessed by MTT assay, and their differentiation potential was assessed by osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation inducer medium and histochemical staining.
In this study, vit C with concentration of 250µM increased cellular bioviability, while other concentrations decreased it (p≤0.05). Also, 50µM concentration improved osteogenic differentiation; while, in terms of adipogenic differentiation, it could just uniform dispersion of lipid droplets with 50 µM concentration.
The results of this study showed that an appropriate concentration of vit C can increase the viability of Wharton’s jelly and affect osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in a dose-dependent manner.

Head and neck cell carcinoma cell lines (HN-5) are considered as an appropriate preclinical model for new therapeutic purposes for this type of cancer. Unlike other cancers, Various primary and metastatic HN5 cell lines are available. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effect of nano zinc oxide (ZnO) on viability of malignant HN5 cell line.
In this experimental study, HN5 cell line was cultured in DMEM medium (containing 10% FBS and penicillin/streptomycin) at 37°C. Then, the effect of different concentrations of ZnO on these cells, were assessed by MTT and DAPI staining. The results were evaluated with completely randomized block design ANOVA.
In this study, some concentrations of ZnO were effective in cytotoxicity of HN5 cancer cells. Also, 300μg/ml was the concentration of the studied compound that reduced the highest percentage of cell viability.
The results of this study showed that ZnO has ability to induce cytotoxicity in HN5 cancer cell line in higher concentrations (about 300µg/ml), that these findings These findings provide a new perspective on the use nanoparticles in the cancer chemotherapy.

Cancer is a main health problem worldwide and the number of cancer patients is increasing annually. Cancer treatment needs new anticancer medicines because of drug resistance. Rosemary is one of the herbal medicines which its anti-cancer effects have been reported. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate rosemary extract effect on HN5 cancer cells viability in comparison with neuronal progenitor cells(NPCs). NPCs were obtained from 17 days pregnant mice by enzymatic digestion method. These cells and HN5 cells were treated with 50, 100, 200 and 500 µg/ml of rosemary extract for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Their viability was measured using MTT assay. Results showed that rosemary extract decreased HN5 cells viability in 100, 200 and 500 µg/ml concentrations which were significant in comparison with NPCs. The extract increased NPCs proliferation rate in 50 and 100 µg/ml concentration and decreased their viability in 500 µg/ml concentration. Rosemary extract can decrease cell viability as a dose and time dependent manner but this effect also depends on the cell type such as its killing effect on cancer cells was more.

Cyclophosphamide is a common chemotherapic medicine but it has toxic side effects. Different medicines are used to prevent its side effects. The aim of this study is evaluation of the protective effects of Mesna against cyclophosphamide toxicity in rat placenta tissue.
Fifteen pregnant rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (1) control (normal saline), (2) cyclophosphamide (15 mg/kg), (3) cyclophosphamide (15mg/kg) and Mesna (100mg/kg). Medicines were administered intraperitoneally on the 13th day of pregnancy. Rats were sacrificed on the 20th day. The placentae were separated and floated in fixative solution. Five µm placental tissue sections were prepared and after staining generally and specially they were studied by light microscopy. Cyclophosphamide decreased placental weight and diameters (P0.05) but histologically, increased labyrinth and basal layers thickness and giant cells number (P