علی اسودی

The word yam was used in the Holy Qur’an seven times and it came in the honorable verses that refer to the story of Moses, peace be upon him and his people and it was mentioned in dictionaries that it is deeper than the sea. Based on that, this study attempts to search for the origins of this word in the Arabic, Syriac, Hebrew and Aramaic languages using a descriptive, analytical and comparative approach, and in view of the science of rooting and cognitive linguistics, and studying the possibility of derivation for this term. In it the word yam and it was found that most of the interpretations explained the word sea or the Nile exclusively. In the end, this research concluded that yam does not belong to an Arabic language family, although it is called sea in general in Arabic, Hebrew and Syriac, but rather it is an imported word that Hebrew loaned from Aramaic And then Arabic from Hebrew, Accordingly, it was used in the revealed book of God whenever the surah was about the people of Israel and the story of Moses and Pharaoh. In fact, God Almighty came with this term in the Qur’an and meant the “Red Sea” based on the Qur’anic context and the remaining Islamic religious monuments that prove that the sea that parted is the Red Sea.

Teaching translation, as one of the categories of acquired learning, requires the use of experts’ knowledge and expertise. Among the problems of teaching Arabic language in Nongasht books (2013) is related to the translation section, which includes things such as morphological and syntactic problems, vocabulary, incorrect reading of texts by students, and lack of facilities. The present study aims to help learners to translate texts correctly by providing suggested solutions, introducing them to the translation of standard texts, and encouraging them to study various types of texts. Also, by teaching in a game style and using group and workshop-based translation methods and appropriate exercises, an effective step was taken in the direction of teaching translation techniques. The current research method was descriptive-analytical with a field approach and the research tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population of the research was selected high schools of Malard in Tehran province, where the people were selected using a purposeful sampling method based on the criterion technique. The results of the research showed that the main translation problems of students in Malard region were related to morphological and syntactical rules, lack of teaching facilities, lack of attention to modern teaching methods, and incorrect reading of texts by students.

A significant theory concerning metaphor is that of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, introduced in their seminal 1980 work "Metaphors We Live By." This theory asserts that through experience and perception, one concept can be represented within another; this relationship is based on correspondences between two sets that create a conceptual mapping. According to Lakoff's framework, metaphors are fundamentally about mapping. This research employs a descriptive-analytical approach to categorize conceptual metaphors associated with life themes such as city, oppression, wealth, freedom, homeland, love, nature, and death within Badr Shakir al-Sayyab's poetry. The analysis reveals that the poet effectively uses this metaphorical device to subtly articulate his underlying thoughts in a way that resonates with his audience. From his philosophical viewpoint, he envisions a content form encapsulated within both physical and mental dimensions where each element serves to complement and validate the other. The interplay between ontological metaphors and mental imagery allows him to express his thoughts through personification and objectification techniques aimed at clarifying his intended meanings via recognition. This expressive method is positioned after structural metaphors in selected passages. Al-Sayyab identifies patterns such as spirit and sun as having an upward trajectory; he suggests that the spirit ascends post-mortem while viewing the sun—symbolic of divinity—as necessitating an upward movement. Conversely, patterns with negative connotations represented by terms like bondage, blood, wine, bullet, and darkness indicate a downward trajectory that conveys adverse philosophical themes. These directional movements can shift from above to below or vice versa. In Badr Shakir al-Sayyab's poetry, philosophical themes predominantly reflect either an upward or downward orientation. Notably, "death" emerges as one of the most frequently occurring concepts among others in his work, with abstract ideas of journeying and life being associated with this notion.

Human uses language as a tool to communicate with others and expresses his knowledge and requests with that. Every country or culture has its own special language. One of the most eloquent and conceptual ways of transferring language experience and communication is the proverb. This language phenomenon represents a clear vision of its society circumstances whether in cultural, political or historical terms and it is unique in its own kind, especially, if the proverbs be common, because their commonness shows that these wisdoms have been taken from society depths and they have been occasionally modified. Most of these proverbs have been received in visual schemes taken from the human imagination. In other words, human experience is an inseparable part in all of them. The present research has surveyed the visual schemes in Mosul common proverbs represented by George Lakoff and Johnson and it has shown that the represented volumetric schemes by the linguists have been conceived according to the human abstract behavior and attitude and their growth is obvious in Mosul and they have high frequency among the other visual, dynamic and communication schemes and also, in power scheme, the top-down scheme has the least frequency. Most of the focus of Mosul people is on the details of affairs and the scheme of being inhibited which mostly  consists of coming to a dead end is considerably visible in Mosul proverbs. In all the schemes, human thought and its physical aspect has a major impact on its metaphysical aspect

Textbooks are an important part of education in determining the successful axes of a lesson unit, for this reason, it causes the analysis of textbooks to identify the strengths and strengthen them and the weaknesses. The present research is based on library data and the descriptive analysis method that was carried out in the research and the analysis of the available data on Colin Marsh's checklist indicates that the book needs changes in terms of artistic and visual attractions and attention to the role of ethnic Iranian culture identities, however, it has been compatible with the approach of the national curriculum in terms of education, but it has performed poorly in paying attention to the educational needs and daily life of learners. The 8th Arabic book in securing the document of fundamental change and the national curriculum needs more review by the authors, and in the overall analytical view, Marsh's checklist has been included and observed in the textbook.

Jean Cohen's theory of poetics is one of the approaches to the new rhetoric. It investigates poetic texts in paradigmatic and syntagmatic level to indicate their connotations. Thus, the present study employs this theory for a descriptive-analytical investigation of the Couplets Containing Metaphors of the ode Al-Sama: Heaven or Paradise, the first poem from Abu Madi's Divan and tends to answer two questions of: What is the reason for poetic level of these couplets? and how the pathems are projected from paradigmatic axis on syntagmatic axis? These couplets have broken the standard phonetic rules of pause, alliteration,, meter, and rhyme, the standard grammatical rules of substitution and deletion, and the standard semantic rules of implicit metaphors.The results show that the abundance of deviation in phonetic, grammatical and semantic level made a good poetic level for these couplets and the projection of the abundant pathems from paradigmatic axis to syntagmatic axis made a deep meaning of meaning for the couplets. So, it became valuable, potential and active.

One of the basic topics of cognitive linguistics is conceptual metaphor based on which an unknown and abstract conceptual field is inferred and understood by matching with known and concrete concepts in the human mind.that these well-known concepts originate from human experiences in all aspects of his life, including philosophy and literature. On the other hand, existentialism is a philosophical school that uses literature as a means to express its ideas; Existentialism's philosopher's turn to literary expression caused philosophy to merge with literature. Existentialist literature deals with themes such as loneliness, fear, sadness, emptiness, freedom, and death. Meanwhile, Arabic literature and especially poetry were not affected by the concepts of this school; And an example of this attention and luck can be seen in the poems of the contemporary Lebanese poet Khalil Al-Hawi, because the resonance and reflection of the elements of freedom and death are evident in his poems. He beautifully and artistically portrays the concepts of despair, pain, humiliation and despair caused by the consecutive failures of the Arabs and especially the uprising of 1967, which had a special echo in his soul and soul - all of which are abstract concepts - with concrete and tangible concepts in his poems. He has used conceptual metaphors to make his poems even more heartwarming. Therefore, the authors intend to analyze the conceptual metaphor in the existentialist components of freedom and death in Al-Hawi's poems with a descriptive-analytical method.

Cognitive psychologists believe that the process of cognition in the mind is based on a schema that determines the way the mind works, like a network consisting of awareness and knowledge, and these schemas are the result of our experiences with the outside world, and we express them in language. We transfer ourselves and are considered one of the most important concepts in the science of semantics. These schemas were first proposed by Johnson. According to Johnson's theory, image schemas appear in three main axes: volume, movement and power.
Image schemas, which is the subject of the present research, are actually one of the most important topics in cognitive linguistics. Cognitive psychologists believe that the process of cognition in the mind is based on a schema, and like a network created from the structures of awareness and knowledge, it determines the way the mind works. This schema is the context that needed to give meaning to experience, personal event, situation or linguistic element. Mark Johnson was the first person to use this term in linguistics. He believed that human body movements and their sensory connection with the outside world follow repetitive patterns called visual schemas. in semantics, a word or sentence can be examined from different aspects. This science claims that in analyzing the meaning of these words or sentences, attention should be paid to conceptualization. Conceptual metaphor is also one of the important topics in the science of cognitive semantics, and because of the deep relationship that this theory has with human knowledge and his daily experiences, it has been the focus of linguists. This metaphor actually establishes a connection between two objective and abstract domains, the objective domain is the origin domain, and the abstract domain is the destination domain, which is expressed based on the elements in the origin domain. Nizar Qabbani was born on 30 April 1998, in Damascus; he started writing poetry at the age of 16. He was mostly known for his love poems and women were the main subject of his poems, but due to the defeat and retreat of the Arabs, the poet gave up writing love poems and turned to writing political poems. This research aims to investigate the use of image schemas according to Johnson's theory in three main axes: volume, movement and power in Nizar Qabbani's poems.

The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical, which examines the poet's poems based on Johnson's theory.

Schemas are the result of our experiences with the outside world, which we transfer to our language, the subject of schemas is associated with physical experience, and corporatization has a direct effect on the conceptual structure of humans. In fact, image schemas have a meaningful and materialized structure that results the movements of the human body in three-dimensional space are perceptual interactions and how to deal with objects. Power schemas appear when there is a resistance force and an obstacle against the movement, the abstract plan of dealing with problems and obstacles is to provide states and qualities for phenomena that do not have physical obstacles in one's mind. Whenever there is talk of prohibition, there is talk of the power schema, in these verses there is also the first type of power schema, because the existence of an authoritarian government in the society of that time was considered as a barrier that prevented people from doing many things and continuing their path. He stopped them in such a way that he deprived them of a good night's sleep. Volumetric schemas have been created from the assumption between mental phenomena and human experiences of being in environments such as rooms, beds, etc. this type of schema makes it possible to visualize containers by simulating the placement of objects inside each other. Nizar Qabbani cannot do anything because of the prohibitions that his cruel society has created for him, and as he stated in these verses, (as if I have been in a closed space), here the poet is considered as an object that is placed in a closed space. Movement schema is the result of human experience of his own movement and with other objects. This movement has a starting point called origin and an end point called destination. What is placed between these two points is called the path. Based on this, the movement from point (a) to point (b) must pass through all the points that are on the path from (a) to (b), and another point is that the paths have directions. In addition, each path is associated with the passage of a certain amount of time.

The results obtained in the analysis section indicate that the use of visual schemas helps the audience to understand the meaning and concept of the poem, and in this way they can better understand and understand the meaning of the poet or the author of the text. Nizar Qabbani has written most of his poems in a political manner and in the direction of social justice and freedom from the oppression of oppressors and to remove the homeland from the hands of foreigners, and he emphasizes this issue in many places in his writings. According to the examination of the mentioned examples, it can be clearly seen that a significant amount of schemes is used in Nizar Qabbani's poems and among the schemes created by Johnson (power, volume and movement); the power scheme has the largest share in the poems. Yes, it is of the first type, i.e. a barrier created in the path of movement prevents the continuation of the path, and only one case of the third type is seen in this research. After this scheme, the volumetric scheme and then the movement scheme are placed in the next stages in Nizar's poems.

The phenomenon of linguistic substitution is characterized by textuality, and it contributes to the creation of a coherent text so that the messages of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) were linguistically replaced by linguistic and semantic connections to infuse them with new linguistic manifestations. On the basis of the argument that the imam’s speech can contribute to participation in linguistic theories and phenomena, including the phenomenon of linguistic substitution, the article aims at the role of the imam’s speech in enriching the phenomenon of linguistic substitution with new linguistic manifestations and concepts and clarifying the type of substitution he has in addition to knowing its form. It seeks to answer how the forms of substitution and their semantic features in the Imam’s letters, and to show his linguistic vision towards substitution, and in this field he followed the descriptive-analytical approach, relying on semantics and linguistic views to clarify the objectives and questions, so that he concluded that the form of substitution may vary in substance and overlap in form and vice versa. It merges with the stylistic aspect, and there is a tandem lexical substitution, so that the forms of substitution of the Imam fall under the lexical and grammatical level, and may come out to the rhetorical and stylistic level so that they combine with the stylistic aspects, which generates the lexical and grammatical level as a rhetorical and stylistic level as linguistic and semantic features so that the Imam’s.

Cognitive sciences deal with research about the mind. Scholars of cognitive sciences consider explaining cognitive functions and hidden processes of the mind possible only through indirect methods such as the study of language. Therefore, cognitive linguistics has a privileged place in cognitive sciences. Motion verbs are one of the most focal fields of study in the meaning-based approach of cognitive semantics. Movement, embodied by means of verb as an active proposition in a sentence, is an important and effective element in conceptualization. The present descriptive-analytical research article studied participial and motion verbs used to refer to celestial bodies in the Holy Qurʾān and drawing on the principles of cognitive semantics examined the way events were conceptualized in the ayahs. In the Holy Qurʾān motion verbs of celestial bodies have been used in order to conceptualize abstract concepts such as the movement of celestial bodies, the way of movements, their occurrences, etc. and as a result different types of semantic concepts of the movement of celestial bodies have been represented in the Qurʾānic ayahs. Half of the verbs used for these objects are motional and the other half are participial. Participial verbs delicately describe the circular path of objects, how they move through the galaxy and where they start and return to their place. Motion verbs also indicate the movement and transition of these objects, which, except when it emphasizes the events of the Resurrection, is still an emphasis on the circular movement and rotation of the heavenly bodies.

Mythology, a sub-branch of semiotics as theorized by Roland Barthes, analyzes the style of sending messages and the implicit goals in the cultural codes of a text. This study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to analyze An-Nāziʻāt, Abasa, Ash-Shams, At-Tīn surahs in order to decode the implicit goals and ideologies they contain. The story of Musa and Firaun, the story of ignoring the request of the blind seeker of knowledge, the story of the Thamūd and cutting the hamstring of the camel loved by prophet Salih (AS), and finally Mount Sinai and God’s speech with Musa (AS) are identified as the four prominent cultural codes in these surahs. It can be concluded that these surahs are imbued with moral instructions and self-realization: An-Nāziʻāt preaches avoiding pride and one's following carnal desires; Abasa urges virtue based on the request and need of people who seek the truth, not based on the personal inclinations of the preacher; Ash-Shams asks people not to follow the majority of the society and highlights individual and ideological independence of each member of the society without being influenced by others; and At-Tīn recommends visiting the nature, particularly mountains, as necessary to improve the level of human insight and perception as well as a factor for self-realization and reconsidering one’s interactions with others.

One of the typical areas for examining literary works and comprehending their complex concepts is cognitive studies in the field of semantics in new language research. In the meantime, the idea of image schemas is one of the discoveries of cognitive semantics, which investigates the foundation of the perception of abstract concepts in sensory and organized mental experiences. This idea guides the examination of linguistic-literary works beyond their apparent meanings. This method makes it possible to comprehend the metaphysical meanings of the Holy Quran, a linguistic miracle. This article investigates the Quranic story of Moses and El-Khader based on Johnson's image schemas theory in three levels of volume, power, and movement using the descriptive-analytical method with a linguistic approach to determine the cognitive meanings in the verses. This study demonstrates that image schemas have established a balance between human conceptualization and perception. Among these, volumetric systems are the most prevalent and provide the best language for making sense of abstract ideas. In addition, knowing the schemas facilitates tangible and expansive comprehension of abstract concepts. In addition, coordinating schemas with experiences created by them has significance.

Imaging is one of the literary aspects of theology and in the meantime, contemporary theorists have explored the element of image in the Holy Qur'an to find the roots of this rhetorical technique. Among the Qur'anic chapters, Shoarā contains several images from the history of the tribes of the prophets such as Noah, Hood, Saleh, Lot and Shoaib (AS). The main foundation of these tribes is movement and endeavor. Therefore, using a descriptive-analytical method, the author has investigated of the type of motor verbs in the element of pictography of these stories and the reason for their dominance will be examined. The dominance of the verbs of the transitional movement over the other verbs indicates the rhythmic and tangible image of the stories which is integrated with the images that are full of great torments. Among the verbs of transitional movement, horizontal transitional movement is more prominent than other verbs reflecting human's actions reflection to himself as indices such as horizontal kinesthetic verbs include concepts such as commuting, presence and absence, speed and power. The outcome of human life is present at different intervals and show itself in an individual's life with proportionate speed and power at all times, because God bounces back the reflection of every human action to him at some point in time. Good and evil are all moving in their horizontal course whose result will reach man. Thus, in this surah, which is full of depicting the destiny of past tribes, we see the use of this type of movement that always indicates the return of action to human and thus the connection of the theme is manifested more in this surah.

One of the most important literary methods used in the Quran is images of events, concepts, and values. In this way, educational and moral concepts were offered to the audience by applying literary arrangements, better and more accurately, and to sit with him in his heart. Surah Yusuf, as well as the best stories in the holy Quran, has a special place in terms of the expression of educational concepts using literary and fiction techniques. These techniques can be referred to as using image schemes to convey the concepts. The purpose of this article is to show what pictorial schemas are used in Surah Yusuf and what concepts schemas refer to. In this article, a descriptive method is used to explain schemas. In Surah Yusuf, motion, power, and volume image schemas are used, which are more motion schemas. They refer to moving from top to bottom and bottom to top and the concepts of humiliation and dignity, and volumetric schemas indicate concepts such as misguidance, and more power schemas indicate concepts such as abstaining from sin and avoiding following the misguided

In the interpretation of the verses of the Holy Qur'an by the discourse analysis method of the Surah as a qualitative method, God the Almighty means two approaches within the text (the order of arrangement and the connection of words and verses with each other), and social (the discourse of the situation of its descent and expansion in the passage of time and its application in the scene of life) is investigated. By using this method, according to the social function of the verses, they can be used in the scene of social and family life. In this context, Norman Fairclough's three-level analysis model is effective based on analysis in three levels: description, interpretation and explanation. The current research with a descriptive-analytical approach and using the library method and keeping in mind that God has revealed the Quran as a plan of life for mankind, tries to answer the question that the analysis and description of the discourse of Surah Al-Zuhi worked according to Norman Farklough's point of view. How does the community explain this surah? The speech of Surah Al-Zahi, comforting the Prophet (PBUH), expressed the role of God's guidance from the beginning of his life and neutralized the existing discourses at the level of society, and drew the attention of society members to not neglecting to help orphans and strays and recounting God's blessings.

Stratificational semiotics delves into the hidden layers of a literary text in terms of analyzing intertextual relationships and syntagmatic relationships between semantic layers and codes. Roland Barthes identifies five main semiotic codes: Hermeneutic, Proairetic, Semantic, Symbolic, and Cultural which provide a comprehensive analysis of a literary text and its meaning. This research, adopting a descriptive-analytical methodology, examines the stratificational semiotics of An-Nāziʻāt Sura in order to decode its implicit meanings in accordance with the requirements of the 21th century context (apocalypse) as well as the ever-increasing technological advances. The study finds that the hermeneutic code addresses the meaning of the Sural with regard to the Doomsday and the resurrection of the dead; the Proairetic code addresses God’s provisions to humankind, the actions of sinners, and the conflict between Moses and Pharaoh; the semantic code addresses technological advances as well as the power of humankind in the apocalypse; the symbolic code addresses a bipolar world; and the cultural code advises humankind to avoid arrogance based on the story of Moses and Pharaoh. Such layers of meaning based on semiotic codes portray a historical era when humankind has achieved such a high level of power and creation that it assumes itself to be the Omnipotent. In this context, An-Nāziʻāt Sura invites mankind to ponder over the essence of its existence and avoid arrogance in order to appreciate the purpose of creation and avoid an unfortunate destiny.

Semiotics as one of the methods of literary criticism analyzes the semantic structure of poetry. Pierce's pattern as one of the exact patterns for recognizing the relationship of linguistic signs in the context of the text of the poem, which leads to the discovery of hidden data at the lower and deeper levels of the text. Farooq Jowaida is one of the romantic poets whose concept of love in lexicon and lexical framework has a variety of semantic loads and implications and he has tried to use literary and indirect language through a network of poetic images and linguistic signs of his poetic purposes and themes. To express. Therefore, the present study tries to deal with the semiotics of words meaning the concept of love based on descriptive and analytical methods and relying on Pierce's theory, and to investigate how the parts of the sign, ie, appearance, interpretation and subject, are related in creating the signs related to love. Based on the findings of the study, Jowaida has created poetic signs related to the concept of love in the form of aesthetic, spatial and temporal codices and horizontal and vertical axis of the word. And has expressed his intentions in virtual and covert language. Therefore, the present study tries to deal with the semiotics of words meaning the concept of love based on descriptive and analytical methods and relying on Pierce's theory, and to investigate how the parts of the sign, ie, appearance, interpretation and subject, are related in creating the signs related to love. Based on the findings of the study, Jowaida has created poetic signs related to the concept of love in the form of aesthetic, spatial and temporal codices and horizontal and vertical axis of the word. And has expressed his intentions in virtual and covert language

The use of excerpts in Arabic is one of the cases that due to its variety and different forms of use for Persian language learners has problems in finding equivalents and the slightest incorrect finding causes conceptual problems in expression. Writings in the field of Arabic grammar have dealt a lot with the subject of receipts and its forms and have divided them into two categories of general receipts and special receipts, each of which needing a sentence of peace to complete its meaning. It is very clear that by considering the use of these devices in the expression of Persian language learners, one can observe a conceptual rupture and Arabic equivalence for these devices. This research with a descriptive-analytical approach has studied the application of these products and the usage situations of each category. The findings of the study indicate that these terms in Arabic are equivalent to two basic uses: 1- The conjunction “who” in Persian 2- The phrase “Mosul” in the leaning of “who” and “what”. Also, the cases that are assigned to the application for each category of general and specific products were identified and the common application situations of both categories of products are mentioned.

Daniel Chandler believes that any interpreter of a text or who that intends to study any form of literary works shall gather three kinds of knowledge beforehand: Social knowledge, Textual knowledge & Modality judgements by which the textual signs of the first two knowledges can be discovered and studied. He also indicates that the more a literary work consists of said elements, the stronger it will be able to represent its meanings which cannot be discovered without deciphering. This note intends to apply Chandler’s theory, which is named as the ‘Knowledge Theory’ by this paper’s author, on the poems of Sa’adi Yusof’s to indicate how intentionally he has put hidden meanings behind familiar words to recite poems that can be deciphered to reveal new aspects. Not only has he created extraordinary meanings in his literary works but he also has played the role of a cultural or civilized critic who can magnify all of the social issues that people are struggling with. In order to achieve this goal, he often has chosen the words that are completely compatible with the meanings that he has intended to hide to let the audience find for themselves and therefore enjoy it more. Words and their placement in statements are the major means that Yusof has put his hands on to be able to represent his criticism in a way that not only does not offend the audience but it also gives them a chance to stand up to what that has been proven to be faulty. Literally code has played a major role in Sa’adi Yusof’s poems as he has utilized many forms of it to create meanings that are beyond what actual words speak of. Such meanings can only be found when a talented literary researcher dives deep into texts to reveal its neglected aspects.

The main purpose of this study is to introduce Mohammad Afifi Matar as a poet and an author of several books who has a certain individual way of thinking and inciting poems which are all about using symbols and various rhetoric materials. He is one the poets who no longer use symbols in a literary matter but not only does he appear as a behaviorist but he also tends to introduce himself as a political critic that can find and reveal deep concerning issues and offer proper solutions to solve them. Based on his poems, it seems that Afifi Matar is always trying to purposefully create different layers of meanings by presenting philosophical thoughts with words that are capable of having different meanings. Daniel Chandler, a contemporary literary theorist, is among the many who have set their minds on finding new aspects and reaching fresh understandings based on existing words and sentences or verses a poem in which you can eventually have knowledge that cannot be achieved through the first look. Chandler believes that any symbol can be either a used one in a new form that has no refreshing meaning to offer or it’s a fresh meaning hidden inside an old symbol waiting to be found. As an example, when Afifi Matar uses the symbol of “blood” in his poems, he tries to represent that not as a simple key to sacrifice but as a worthy price that only a few can and want to pay to gain access to freedom or retrieve what once was theirs.

Cognitive linguistics is one of the newest categories of linguistics that has established a relationship between language and human thought, and includes various theories including conceptual metaphor, image schemas, etc. The theory of image schemas, developed by Lakoff and Johnson, examines the ways in which meaning and perception are derived from and relevant to our physical experience. The human mind understands the meaning of schemas without the need for complex processing and training. In other words, in an image schema, sensory experiences are mapped to conceptual structures, and they can be used to talk about abstract domains. The present descriptive-analytical study aimed to investigate the meaning of image schemas of the Holy Qur’an. For this purpose, using Johnson's theory, the image schemas of Surah As-Saffat were extracted and analyzed. The results indicate that the highest frequency is related to the force schema (53%), and the frequency of the transformational schema (24%) and the spatial schema (23%) are almost the same. This is in line with the purpose of this Surah which is informing about the hereafter and giving a warning to the servants of God. Also, in the spatial schema, the preposition "fi", repeated 15 times, and in the transformational schema, the preposition "ila", repeated in nine cases, had the highest frequency. These schemas have been created to help the readers better understand non-empirical concepts, such as heaven, hell, infidelity, faith, reward and punishment, the power and will of God, and so on.

in consideration of cognitive semantics, Metaphor is Not limited to language and vocabulary it finds a pervasive meaning and is expressed as a conceptual metaphor Where one conceptual domain is understood based on another conceptual domain in conceptual metaphor, Many abstract concepts find order through metaphorical adaptation of information and transfer of knowledge and available to the reader a wide range of concepts with a new expression. One of the most important religious teachings of the holy Quran conceptualized abstract concepts with metaphorical structure, is a matter of embodying actions and can Show to the reader review the verses related to it the hidden angles of the content and the correspondences and highlights in it. This article is a descriptive-analytical method and with a cognitive approach examined conceptual metaphors in those verses indicate the embodiment of deeds explicitly which corresponds to metaphorical patterns by Lycaf and Johnson and Based on the classification of objective and subjective metaphors and achieved in three areas; foundation structure, the object of the foundation and the living thing of the foundation. the results that represent the above verses with areas of origin, commodity, scattered dust, shackles and with metaphorical expressions such as, action is a commodity, the action of the criminals are scattered dust, the action of the disbelievers is shackles and... caused concepts in them transferred to the reader more tangible and understandable.

The art of written expression is one of the courses that are usually presented in the first years of study for undergraduate students in the Arabic language and literature or its translation and the Persian-speaking students in Iran face many problems in this regard so that almost no one is left without the confusion and confusion in practicing this unit. An analytical and descriptive method by defining these problems and their causes, as well as solutions to prevent them, and showing that the reasons are due to the problems of the university system, problems related to teaching methods, problems of lack of linguistic fundamentals, problems of mastery of linguistic problems, and problems of linguistic problems and problems. The problematic of the educational system and the material presentation period are at the forefront of the main reasons that pave the ground for other problems. The problem of contemporary applications, programs, and perceptions arising from the mother tongue, which negatively affects the learning of written expression, has a lasting effect.