علی پیرانی شال

s.Edmund Husserl founded descriptive phenomenology with the aim of combating skepticism and relativism, advocating a return to "the things themselves" and seeking to establish philosophy as a valid science. The core of this method was to focus on phenomena and describe them without preconceived notions. However, this approach faced criticism, prompting Husserl to develop transcendental phenomenology as a response to the question of the existence and reality of the world. Transcendental phenomenology introduced complex concepts such as intentionality, epoche, noema and noesis, pure ego, lifeworld, and various levels of time, including time-consciousness. These concepts are highly abstract and often require interpretation and explanation.Despite the apparent complexity of phenomenology, applying its principles to literary works, such as poetry, can offer valuable insights. This practice can not only clarify the difficult teachings of phenomenology for a broader audience but also provide a foundation for revealing the aesthetic aspects of poetry. Therefore, this research examines the characteristics of the boy's character in Nazik al-Mala'ika's ode "Shajarat al-Qamar" (The Tree of the Moon), focusing on the abstract concept of the moon tree and tracing the semantic evolution of the moon within the poem, aligning it with the stages of change in Husserl's theory. The results show that the semantic spectrum of the moon for the boy encompasses concepts such as bird, child, and ultimately, seed. Through these stages, the pure ego (the boy) gradually reduces and internalizes the noema of the moon, culminating in the image of a seed with the potential for growth and development. This culminates in the creation of the "tree of the moon," which reflects the third level of time consciousness as described in Husserl's theory. Furthermore, this philosophical reading of the ode provides an explanation for Husserl's transcendental phenomenological turn in his later works.

Jean Cohen's theory of poetics is one of the approaches to the new rhetoric. It investigates poetic texts in paradigmatic and syntagmatic level to indicate their connotations. Thus, the present study employs this theory for a descriptive-analytical investigation of the Couplets Containing Metaphors of the ode Al-Sama: Heaven or Paradise, the first poem from Abu Madi's Divan and tends to answer two questions of: What is the reason for poetic level of these couplets? and how the pathems are projected from paradigmatic axis on syntagmatic axis? These couplets have broken the standard phonetic rules of pause, alliteration,, meter, and rhyme, the standard grammatical rules of substitution and deletion, and the standard semantic rules of implicit metaphors.The results show that the abundance of deviation in phonetic, grammatical and semantic level made a good poetic level for these couplets and the projection of the abundant pathems from paradigmatic axis to syntagmatic axis made a deep meaning of meaning for the couplets. So, it became valuable, potential and active.

binary opposition of place is a type of critical analysis that examines the differences between pairs of spatial words that contribute to the beauty of the text with their semantic functions. Since the presence of place is one of the most prominent features of Palestinian poetry Therefore, sometimes poets seek help from it in order to express their intentions and talk about their pleasant and unpleasant feelings. Naji Alloush, a contemporary Palestinian poet, was able to instill a network of his desired meanings and concepts into the audience by using the contrasting spatial structure and behind all these words, there is a place for his psychological, political and social concerns, which is indicative of his emotions and opinions. This research tries to investigate the most prominent contrasting places in this contemporary poet's poetry by using the descriptive-analytical method in order to achieve a correct understanding of the semantic relationship between two contrasting spatial concepts. The findings of the research show that spatial duals played an important role in conveying the poet's inner feelings towards two different places and expressing his thoughts. The most important dualities used are: connection and its contrast with separation, Homeland and its confrontation with exile, Here and its contrast with there. These duals express the concept of identity, anti-colonialism, the poet's concern for his homeland and the Arab homeland, and the sadness of a place of alienation.

The field of meaning is one of the most flexible levels in language, and this is why it transforms more than its other levels. The poems of the Syrian social poet, Muhammad al-Maghout, are collected in three poetry books: “Sadness in the moonlight”, “A room with millions of walls” and “Joy is not my profession.” And you see all kinds of moral violations. One of these violations is indicative, which includes: simile, personification, personification, metaphor, and ... the art or making of the diagnosis was studied as a model for the types of semantic violations appropriate in the works of this contemporary poet and also “we tried to examine the use of a precise definition and Diagnosis in a literary text.There are two general sections, one of the two in terms of the semantics of any words and expressions in which the personification or embodiment is placed and that it falls into any group and the second section is the grammatical position of these words that is, that they use a compound "or as a sentence or a phrase." Each chapter is given an example from his poetry book.

Mythology, a sub-branch of semiotics as theorized by Roland Barthes, analyzes the style of sending messages and the implicit goals in the cultural codes of a text. This study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to analyze An-Nāziʻāt, Abasa, Ash-Shams, At-Tīn surahs in order to decode the implicit goals and ideologies they contain. The story of Musa and Firaun, the story of ignoring the request of the blind seeker of knowledge, the story of the Thamūd and cutting the hamstring of the camel loved by prophet Salih (AS), and finally Mount Sinai and God’s speech with Musa (AS) are identified as the four prominent cultural codes in these surahs. It can be concluded that these surahs are imbued with moral instructions and self-realization: An-Nāziʻāt preaches avoiding pride and one's following carnal desires; Abasa urges virtue based on the request and need of people who seek the truth, not based on the personal inclinations of the preacher; Ash-Shams asks people not to follow the majority of the society and highlights individual and ideological independence of each member of the society without being influenced by others; and At-Tīn recommends visiting the nature, particularly mountains, as necessary to improve the level of human insight and perception as well as a factor for self-realization and reconsidering one’s interactions with others.

How words are chosen, as well as how they are put together in sentences, have an important role in conveying the intended meaning to the audience. Studying and analyzing each person's style carefully will help us greatly in understanding the implications of its effects. The style is the way to create the idea, and to highlight it in the appropriate verbal form. Stylistics is the analysis of an expression, a description of its purpose, and its effect. Finch believes that stylistics is one area of modern linguistics that analyzes literary styles. Each choice of language can be considered a stylistic indicator. The main task of stylistics is to examine the type of word choice, and why one option is preferred over the other.There are multiple trends in this field, including: Statistical stylistics, and all studies around it have been conducted on the assumption that finger print is possible. Statistical stylistics is one of the most important recent trends of new rhetoric that studies the characteristics of writing style. Each author creates a style unique to himself through the special placement of words. Statistical methods by converting quantity to quality, lead to scientific judgment on the studied texts. One of the most notable stylistic features is “vocabulary richness” that can be used to analyze literary styles. The basis of vocabulary richness theories is that the fewer words in a text are repeated in relation to another text, the more vocabulary richness it has.The imams are more interested in taking into account the context of the public situation than any other person, and they convey to them the required concepts by choosing the appropriate words. In this research, we shed light on the method of writing, and the choice of words by Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in the letters of Nahj al-Balaghah to obtain the degree of similarity of how it was stated in the letters, as well as how to use the repeated vocabulary appropriately with the situation of the addressee, through the descriptive-analytical, and statistical approach.For this purpose, we chose Johnson's theory and Honore's equation to calculate vocabulary richness. Since one of the conditions for improving the application of vocabulary richness theories is the equality of the number of vocabulary selected texts, as well as their similarity in some areas, we select the messages that have similar topics.The messages of Nahj al-Balagha have been classified into 19 categories according to their different topics:1- historical, political; 2- political; 3- Ethical, economic; 4- Military, political; 5- Ethical, political; 6- political, belief; 7- Military; 8- Military, moral; 9- Ethical; 10- Economic; 11- Ethical, political, historical, doctrinal; 12- Ethical, educational, historical, belief, economic, political, scientific; 13- political, economic; 14- Ethical, political, belief; 15- political, moral, economic; 16- Spiritual, devotional; 17- political, moral, economic, devotional; 18- historical; 19- Political, scientific.In this research, the second category (ie political messages) was selected, which contains 23 messages. We choose five messages from this category as the sample for research. The letter No. 29, 33, 35, 38 and 63 is our statistical community, and by comparing its vocabulary richness, we study the degree of similarity in the writing style of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) on the similar subject.The number of words for the selected samples in this study ranges between 84 and 138, and since one of the conditions for a good comparison is an equal number of vocabulary words for the studied texts, to apply Johnson’s theory we choose the first 80 words for each of the selected letters, and divide each sample into four parts (20 words). Then we draw an independent table for all samples, and cross out each repeated word, according to the frequency criteria. For the R equation, after counting the words used once, as well as the non-recurring words, we calculate the value of the equation for each of the letters selected in this study.One of the most important results that we reached is that the difference of the highest vocabulary richness and the lowest for the selected letters, according to Johnson’s theory, is 11%, and according to Honore’s equation is only 15%, and this is indicative of the similar style of writing political letters from Nahj al-Balaghah. However, the slight difference between the vocabulary richness of the selected samples is related to the influence of the circumstances and reasons for writing each of these letters, for example: the type of the addressee, how he behaves, the need to deal with him, encouragement or incitement to an important matter, and these differences are not to the point of causing great differences in the style of the letters.

Stratificational semiotics delves into the hidden layers of a literary text in terms of analyzing intertextual relationships and syntagmatic relationships between semantic layers and codes. Roland Barthes identifies five main semiotic codes: Hermeneutic, Proairetic, Semantic, Symbolic, and Cultural which provide a comprehensive analysis of a literary text and its meaning. This research, adopting a descriptive-analytical methodology, examines the stratificational semiotics of An-Nāziʻāt Sura in order to decode its implicit meanings in accordance with the requirements of the 21th century context (apocalypse) as well as the ever-increasing technological advances. The study finds that the hermeneutic code addresses the meaning of the Sural with regard to the Doomsday and the resurrection of the dead; the Proairetic code addresses God’s provisions to humankind, the actions of sinners, and the conflict between Moses and Pharaoh; the semantic code addresses technological advances as well as the power of humankind in the apocalypse; the symbolic code addresses a bipolar world; and the cultural code advises humankind to avoid arrogance based on the story of Moses and Pharaoh. Such layers of meaning based on semiotic codes portray a historical era when humankind has achieved such a high level of power and creation that it assumes itself to be the Omnipotent. In this context, An-Nāziʻāt Sura invites mankind to ponder over the essence of its existence and avoid arrogance in order to appreciate the purpose of creation and avoid an unfortunate destiny.

Sounds have a role in highlighting a person's ability to express their experiences. This is because it has a semantic function capable of carrying and highlighting the meaning. And that by focusing on the sounds and their special features. The aesthetics of these sounds and their ability to convey meaning are related to their general characteristics such as being voiced, voiceless, dark light, fricative, explosive and repetitive. There is no doubt that the sound has a great influence in determining the meaning. This article attempts to study the phonemic significance of the voiced and whispered voices in all the speeches of NahjulBalaghah. From a stylistic statistical perspective, it consists of dividing speeches into certain segments according to their themes, then counting all their voices and applying them with their characteristics. In the end, the percentages of the voiced and whispered voices in all speeches were obtained and analyzed on the basis of the specifics of their voices. The importance of this research lies in the study of the relationship between the sound and its meaning, and the study of the connotation inspired by sounds, as it is a phonological study that combines theory and practice in the modern phoneme lesson. And the acoustic and crosssectional analysis to reveal the acoustic structure is covered by a statistical study. After analyzing the speeches, it was determined that loud voices were more pronounced in military speeches (522177) and whispered voices were more in remorse speeches (88285%).

Where the structuralist semiotic model Ferdinand de Saussure developed addresses a text's linguistic style and aesthetics without analyzing its implicit meanings, the poststructuralist model propounded by Roland Barthes examines various semantic implications of a text. This study aims to critically read the Surah of Quraysh by applying the two theorists' models on its textuality to examine the formation of meaning and implicit layers of meaning. Pinpointing the difference between the two models and reading the Surah of Quraysh based on the structuralist and poststructuralist semiotic models in order to decode the multiplicity of semantic layers according to Barthes' theories constitute the significance of this study. Also, the linguistic contrasts of the Surah are examined based on Ferdinand de Saussure's model. The research finds that the main difference is between declarative sentences (solidarity among the Quraysh) and imperative sentences (the necessity of worshiping God), which are also manifested in other linguistic elements (lexical and syntactic). Barthes' model examines narrative codes' semantic layers. The hermeneutic code highlights solidarity and unity for all societies and groups, which is reinforced by the repetition of Eilaf and Quraysh as semantic and cultural codes. While symbolic codes depict the consequences of the refusal to worship God, probiotic codes refer to the result of worshiping God in the past. While reading the Surah based on Ferdinand de Saussure's model shows that its literal meaning can be understood in syntagmatic structures, which refer to the invitation of the Quraysh to Islam during the time of the Prophet (PBUH) to make peace, a reading based on Barthes' model indicates that the call to Islam and the promotion of monotheism is not limited to the Quraysh but addressed to different societies and groups throughout the ages.

Narrative is the main element in a work of fiction. It takes various forms according its type and approach. One of the important forms of narration in the postmodern novel is the use of episodes in which the novelist, instead of narrating the incident in a macro form, narrates the subject in the form of sub-narratives. It avoids dividing the narrative into traditional elements such as introduction, middle and conclusion. In the postmodern method, the author creates a technical and attractive narrative by focusing on the use of different characters, interactions among narrative levels and conceptual and semantic correlations.In fact, an important function of the novel in recent times has been the use of a new method of narration that is different from traditional and past methods. In this period, the narrative has walked away from its famous and conventional form and is based on contradictions, confusion and disruption of logical rules and natural order among the elements of the story. Therefore, in the postmodern period of the novel, it is not enough to know about a genre or a method to study the narrative; rather, different types and methods of narration should be examined separately. This is because today's fiction, unlike the works of the past that followed certain forms and shapes, is not designed in specific formats and structures; there are general features for narration in the postmodern novel. This form of narrative, which leads to the creation of polyphony, is an important goal of the modern novel, and episodic narrative is a tool to achieve it. An author can create different sounds and narratives by using these two techniques simultaneously.The latest trend in the literature, known as "postmodernism," influenced the Arabic novel. Hoda Barakat is a writer who was influenced by this method in her works, especially in the novel "Barid Al-Layl". She was born in Beirut in 1952 and taught journalism there. Now, she lives in Paris. So far, six novels, two plays, a collection of stories and a self-portrait have been published by this author, and her latest work, entitled "Barid Al-Layl", has attracted the attention of literary circles and won the most important award for Arabic novel. Hoda Barakat's novel "Barid Al-Layl" is the latest work by this prominent Lebanese novelist, which, considering its structure, style and other characteristics, is a unique work that won the Booker Prize for Literature. Using a lettering style, the novel is composed of independent and separate episodes and scenes, but they are related in terms of meaning and concept.Following the various deconstructions and aberrations that have occurred in the postmodern narrative, Barakat turned to new methods, including episodic narrative. In this narrative method, the author avoids using a familiar and traditional macro-structure, and the narrative is divided into sections and subsections. Instead of telling a long and connected story, the novelist uses several micro-incidents or presents the same incident in the form of sub-narratives. An important tool for this technique is the letter-writing style, which was why Hoda Barakat adopted the style of episodic narration in the novel "Barid Al-Layl".Research

By recognizing the type and method of narration in the postmodern novel by Hoda Barakat, this study has examined the components of episodic narration as a tool for this technique. This article is written in a descriptive-analytical manner, and examines the style in the novel using new theories about the postmodern novel.

Hoda Barakat's novel "Barid Al-Layl" makes use of the episodic technique and divided the novel into smaller sections. The author has avoided the grand narrative and avoids heroism and the presentation of extraordinary characters. In order to give his work a novel-like form and to show its difference from the short story, he sticks to semantic attachments and the overlap of narrative levels. In fact, in his episodes, the author has used fragmentary narratives that are connected by certain factors. Hoda Barakat has used five to seven sub-narratives in the novel "Barid Al-Layl". The novel is narrated in episodes and sections, each of which has its own independence. The author has avoided the traditional sequences in the plot. With sub-narratives, he has tried to give objectivity to the depth of the displaced tragedy and to approach reality. This is because showing several characters and several events appropriate to this case enhances the credibility of the events. In spite of such multiplicity and sub-narratives in the theme of homelessness and displacement, Barakat has established unity among the sub-narratives and, through the interference of the narrative levels, has created a temporal connection in spite of a narrative break. Using the episode "At the airport" and the final section "Death of the postman", he has highlighted this connection.

Narration is one the most fundamental principles of fictional texts and time is one of the basic components. Among the theorists Gerard Genette has presented the most comprehensive theories about the factor of time in the story. He has distinguished between the time of the text and the time of the story. He divides time into three components: order, continuity and frequency. Va Kan Masa (مساء وکان (is one of the novels of Joddah al-Sahaar who is an Egyptian novelist. He paid high attention to narrative time and its usage. The novelist has focused and showed the thoughts, obsession, sufferings and emotional reactions of a man who is disappointed and heartbroken in his life. The novelist has also showed the narrator`s role in his novel. In narrative researches it is necessary to talk about time forms in pre-modern novels which have been written in common forms of writing. It is obvious that time is determined by anachronisms and paradoxes in post-modern narratives but its usage must still be considered. The aim of the present study was to consider time forms in Va Kan Masa novel which is an Arabic pre-modern novel. It also aimed to clarify aesthetics and its contradictions based on Genette’s theory. The results of the study show that the author of this novel has used all the opportunities and existing capacities for time element and time indices consisting continuity and frequency. Sahaar also noticed the breaking of time limits as one of the most important time features in post-modern novel and used it as a tool for introducing characters and creating a sense of suspense, trouble making plan, trouble shooting, and making struggle in the story. Furthermore it was seen lots of passion towards the past and future narration by using the recalling and foretelling techniques.

Layered semiotics as a theoretical perspective that underlies a kind of applied semiotics, by relying on its theoretical foundations such as the study of syntagmatic relations, codes, and intertextuality, provides the basis for extensive analysis of texts such as the Qur’an that are within the context of interactive and multidimensional relationships between sign systems. Drawing on the science of layered semiotics, this descriptive-analytical research analyzed the codes of Surah Al-Masad in order to determine their implicit meanings and reveal the multiplicity of meanings of the semantic layers from their syntagmatic and intertextual relations with them. The research came to the following findings. The action codes show the actions of these characters, which has led to humiliation and fire. The actions are shaped by the only hermeneutic-enigmatic code of the surah that refers to Abū Lahab's wife. Other codes, such as cultural codes, indicate the historical document of this event, and semantic codes signify the attributes of hell-dwellers and their humiliation, while symbolic codes point to the role and interaction of marital relations that with their complementary and illuminating role emphasize not preferring the personal relationships to the rules, inefficiency and eternal losses of the fighters against the path of the truth and the uselessness of wealth and power against the wrath of God

Nahj-ol-balaghe's utilizing the device of Apostrophe not only is the readers' or the listeners' great attraction to its elegant eloquence but is considered as one of the cohering devices in its sermons. Analyzing the role of Apostrohe in the cohesion of the sermons presented in the same book, determining the amount of using different types of Apostrophe in them, and surveying the effectivness of it on the text cohesion are the main objectives of the present research which has attempted to specify the frequency of different rypes of Apostrophe in the first forty sermons in Nahj-ol-balaghe, and analyze some examples of them as the cohering device, while emphasizing the analytical descriptive method, and figurative linguistics. The findings of the study show that the sermons of the Nahj-ol-balaghe enjoy from hexaploid Apostrophes in pronouns, number, forms, particles, syntax, and vocabulary. They also show that the Apostrophe plays a role in the cohesion of the sermons, being used in the associative and substitutive place with some of the cohesive compentsin linguistics.

Mostafa Wahbi al-Tal known as Arar is the most famous poet, literary, intellectual, and educated in Jordan. His work consist of themes such as love, wine and drunkenness, being and nothingness, life and death, debauchery and pleasures. Of course, Khamriat (poetry about wine) is one of the most important themes used in his complete poetical work (Valley Yabes) in various ways to the extent that they consider him to be in Khamriat, the coequal of Abū Nuwās, Al-A'sha, and Al-Akhtal. Drinking wine, wine and drunkenness are the most important subjects which obviously are seen in his poetry. The study has concluded that the khomriat (poetry about wine) of this poet are combined with the theme of wine effects, such as: "debauchery and pleasures, neglect of the world and its belongings, anxiety and fear of death and appreciating time, and using of wine and real grapes, and treatments and medicine of diseases", and is studied with the research method Descriptive-analytic. And it answers to this question: How is wine manifested in the poetry of Mostafa Wahbi al-Tal? And it is based on the assumption that, debauchery and pleasures, and after that, appreciating time is the result of his thought about wine. This research is seeking to achieve this goal: liquor and wine are some of the most important poetic motives of the poet and its presence in his poetry is undeniable.

The debate the issue of " repetitions" and evidence that researchers books in Persian and Arabic rhetoric presented to us that this rhetorical topic t several detective rhetoric necessarily needs to re-examine and deepen it. The examples seen in this section are examples of where there is no prejudice Pfsaanha what it is that include studying under a similar title repetitions or refining. Which you should pay attention to in the study of these examples is that some writers within Investigation defects eloquence while others book within Investigation Budaiya science. This issue is no different than the rhetoric would Persian Arab and perhaps of topics that are not cared for by the ancients but may have sinned in within the theme of eloquence, or at least may have sinned in the mentioned several examples of them. By this. But on the other hand, we find contemporaries who have not views of what the ancients were without to reflect them. This article mean by addressing The opinions of critics and researchers to discuss repetitions in rhetoric Persian and Arabic.

1. General Introduction Wahbi al-Tal whose pen name is Arar that he was born in the 1899 in Irbid city in the north of Jordan, in a cultural family. In that time the Arab world was in a cultural isolation and it was immersed in silence, pain, seclusion and backwardness, which was subordinate of the Ottoman Empire and was begin to decline and demolition. His father was a Jordanian educated and Arar learned Turkish language which was official language in educational period he also was familiar with Persian language which was taught at that time (al-Tal, 1957, 49). He got his title from, Arar Ibn Amro Ibn sha'as al-Asdi that was a poet of the era of ignorance (Bekar, 1990, 31). 1. corresponding author: 17.hoseynii@gmail.com Arar's poetry consist of themes such as love, attention to the woman, win and drunkenness, being and nothingness, life and death, debauchery and pleasures, repentance and committed lyrics and resistance. Defamiliarization is one of the significant feature of his poetry which has been done in variety of ways including the addition of rules, transgression in rhymes, elegant imagery and new combination and cohesion and harmony. 2. Theoretical framework Addition of rules unlike deviation (from the norm) is not deviation from rules of language but also it is exercising additional rules on the rules of norm language. Addition of rules can be investigated and classification according to harmony in phonetic, lexical and grammatical levels and analytic levels of phonetic harmony and lexical harmony in Mostafa Wahbi al-Tal's poetry in this way that is one of defamiliarization's practices, would analyze and investigate in this research. After discussion about addition of rules, this article seeks to answer this question: how much addition of rules could make foregrounding in his poetry and what is his goal of this literary approach? This research is based on this hypothesis which Arar has missed from rhythms of prosody and phonetic harmony in some the odes. 2-1 Review of Literature Upon exploring the history of the study, no essays regarding the criticism of Arar's poetry were discovered; however, a number of essays about the poet himself have been found including: - ،،عرار: شعریه التجربه لا شعریه الذاکره،، by Ibrahim Khalil, - "Epistemological origins of Arar" published by Ziyad al-Zaabi, - "The efforts of Arar, the great Jordanian poet, within the realm of Persian literature" by Bassam Ali Rababe'e, - "The influences of the Sage of Neyshabur upon Arar, the great poet of Jordan" by Bassam Ali Rababe'e. - ،،اللغه و الاسلوب فی شعر عرار،، by Mahmoud al-Sammarah, - And ،،وجوه تاثر مصطفی وهبی التل (عرار) بعمر الخیام النیسابوری،، Published by Behrooz Ghorbanzadeh. 2-2 The scope and focus of research The focus of this studies is different from the aim of this research. The present study is a literary research on addition of rules with regard to the aforementioned poet. It is worth noting that findings of this research are examined through the examination of his poems (divan) called the Asyat Valley yabs. 3. Methodology This study investigate addition of rule practices based on the theories of formality in an analytical-descriptive method. 4. Discussion results Defamiliarization consequently, addition of rules and deviation cause foregrounding in his poetry, which this research achieved the following results in this regard: 4-1 Phonetic and lexical harmonies is one of the most important features of addition of rules. by using these harmony the poet has done habit breaking in the field of addition of rules, of course using of deviation and addition of rules in Wahbi al-Tal's poetry are very effective and in this way he has been able to bring foregrounding to his words in the eyes of audiences. 4-2 The element of repetition is one of the most important music features of Arar's poetry which has doubled his poem's music and has given his poetry a certain coherence, repetition in his poem has much frequency and appears in variety forms such as phoneme, word and sentence repetition. 4-3 Given the harmony between rhythm and content and between rhythm and words, the poet was keen on modernism in rhythm and deviation from poetic metres, and about transgression in rhymes, one can point to enter pantastichs in his poem. 4-4 He uses the following sound and fricative continuity in his poetry to express feelings like vitality, happiness, complain, sadness, and transferring them to the audiences, and these leads poem to being foregrounding and musicality. 4-5 Derivative pun has the highest frequency in Arar's poetry. 4-6 Breaking the syntactic or verbal rules and ignoring them and combine words or vocabulary association is pleasing for him, in fact the language he uses is literary and the audience will notice a new massage and Arar's speech causes defamiliarization. 5. General Conclusion Addition of rules is one of the significant features of Arar's poetry which can be observed in form of harmonies (phonetic, lexical and grammatical), deviations, innovation and revival in a number of rhythms of prosody, attention to coherence and harmony in poetry, transgression in rhyme.

Statistical stylistics helps researchers to decide and distinguish different styles. Research method of statistical style is based on quantitative norms and researchers should analyze the components on statistical data. In the paper, with a descriptive, analytical and statistical method, the sermon Gharra` is studies stylistically. As described in the paper, among figures of speech, balanced rhyme and symmetrical rhyme have been used in the sermon equally and more than other figures. Rhyme and parallelism, regarding their music, prepare the readers` mind to perceive the meaning; and among non-verbal figures, the figure of oxymoron has been used mostly. This figure helps the readers to pay attention to requisite denotation, remember the meanings and, consequently, perceive the meaning of the text well. As it seems, Imam`s purpose in using such figures lies in attracting the addressees` attentions to understand the speech better. Such a usage of the figures of speech in this sermon has put in a particular literature position for those learned in the field.

The book on rhetoricians’ effects in Nahj-ul-Balaghah by Dr. Mohammad Khaghani is a valuable book from two points of view: First, because of author’s good authority in review and analysis of various topics in Rhetoric in valuable work of Nahj-ul- Balaghah. Second, because of author’s worthy of praise effort in collecting of this book and providing personal opinion on some issues, but with overcoming on some shortcomings of this work and with doing some modifications in edition or content, it can increase the value of this work. Therefore, this paper is trying to help to fix the flaws of this book with presenting some comments and corrections.

Identify the meaning and semantic connotation is the most important reserchers noteworthy issues. Abd -Al- quhir Al- jurjani is among reserchers who was attended to this subject. He exhibite the meaning of meaning theory pending on pitching the compilers purpose in knowing the texts meaning. This theory is the reson for distiniction between slang and poetic language and added a second meaning to the didactic text. In resent decads structuralism and decanstructisms make the new methods replace text comprehention with reversalling this theoy. structuralism know enough text in undrstanding the meaning and decanstruct surrender undrstanding the meaning to the reader and introduce the multiplicity study or writer death.
Theorycal framwork: Each reserch has a reserchical structer aod theorical frame that is reserched duration it and after serching the key and formal words the resualt get earn. It can be said that ablo to gething signficance from the text ,have the specific position in didactic reserchs and language studie Arabs resercher have done extended reserchs about meaning of meaning theory and have added wew appinions to it. Western reserchers made basics changes in significance and introduction of two structuralism and decanstructisms.
Presen reserch has aim to peruse proces of vicissitude meaninig of meaning from the first up to now and three discovering the significance methods existance in text: dominate the writer's porpuose in text (meaning of meaning) structure dominate (structuralism) and significance unpragmatism (Deconstruct). It can be said this topic is because of compartivecar study between this three new theory and hasnt been accomplished as it up to now .In continuance will be exhibit a briefe explanation about upon three methods.
a) Meaning of meaning: in this method the second and unright signficance become deliberate with standing on metaphor, Allegory and metonymy. This metpde has belived that can discover the main porpose and scompe in the text.
b) Structuralism: in this methode significance undrstanding without contemplate historical, social, political and caltural problems contemplate that is dominate on text and writers days.
c) decanstructisms: in this methode writer is a person who undrstand the significance and currect significance is that reader could undrestand it. Decanstruct dont give up any worthy for writer. decanstruct signify the unpragmatism theory with discuss the writer death theory in which each text is contain thousands significance based on writers undrestand.
Consequnt and discription the subject: Meaning of meaning is a lable that was invented for the first time by Abd-Al-quhir Al-jurnani ; this theory is pending on gamut pronunciation means metaphor, simile, allegory and metonymy and practice for the levele after the first significance. Roots of this theory exist on the thoughtfuls letters befor Abd-Al-qahir Al-jurjani under the title like "second significance". Current reviewers use other new terminoloy like: single significance and far functions insted of meaning of meaning.
Significance is an esoteric point in text that three upon isms thoughtful's have tried to undrestand it. Meaning of meaning has many diffrences with two structuralism and deconstructuralism as a first significance Try for discovering the meaning in text with two deconstruct and structuralism isms. This theory know the writer and his purpose undrstand significance based in text and has belive to significance twosome in one text ond possibility to discovering clear significance via undrstanding writer's purpose , but structuralism and deconstruct dont give up any prestige for meaning and meaning. Structuralism is based on text way in knowing significance and deconstruct is stand on writer realization for discovering text signiffance and know the writer death theory and unpragmatism significanc as index for undrstanding available significance in text.
Per this two isms, existance two significance spectrum and create dont have any places in knowing the meaning come from text.